Unit 3 Festivals and customs（知识清单）英语译林版必修第二册

Unit 3 Festivals and customs 词汇 一、阅读词汇 1. comb n. ________ vt. ________ 2. couplet n. ________ 3. firecracker n. ________ 4. lantern n. ________ 5. riddle n. ________ 6. willow n. ________ 7. creep vi. (crept, crept) ________ 8. sleeve n. ________ 9. bride n. ________ 10. bridegroom n. ________ 11. costume n. ________ 12. beer n. ________ 13. mirror n. ________ 14. per prep. ________ 15. firework n. ________ 16. eve n. ________ 17. china n. ________ 18. pork n. ________ 19. midnight n. ________ 二、写作词汇 1. ________n. 婚礼，结婚庆典 2. ________n. 典礼，仪式 3. ________adj. 惹人注意的，引人注目的 4. ________n. 风俗，习俗；个人习惯；光顾 5. ________adj. 普通的，平常的；平庸的 6. ________n. 班机，航班；航程；飞行 7. ________adj. 愉快的，高兴的 8. ________n. 乐队，乐团；一伙，一帮；带，箍 9. ________vi. & vt. 扭转，转动；使弯曲；曲折 n. 转动；转折；曲折处 10. ________vi. & vt. 鼓掌，拍手 n. 鼓掌，拍手 11. ________vi. 齐步走，前进；游行示威 n. 游行示威；行进 12. ________n. 水流，潮流；电流；思潮 adj.当前的；通用的 13. ________vt. & vi. 烘，烤，焙(肉等) 14. ________adj. 每年的，年度的；一年的 15. ________n. 发动机，引擎 16. ________n. 酸 adj. 酸性的；酸味的 17. ________n. 东西，物品；活儿，话 vt. 填满，装满；把……塞进 18. ________n. 交通工具，车辆；手段，工具 20. ________n. 公寓套房 21. ________n. 链子，链条；一系列；连锁店 vt. 用锁链拴住 22. ________n. 收入，收益 23. ________n. 包，盒；包裹；一套，一揽子 vt. 将……包装好；包装 24. ________adj. 月亮的，月球的 25. ________n. 一代人；代，一代；产生 26. ________n. 来源；起源；源头 27. ________n. 特性；身份 28. ________n. 责任，义务；上班，值班；职责；税 29. ________adj. 宝贵的，珍贵的；珍奇的；珍稀的 30. ________n. 盘子，碟子；板块；车牌 31. ________n. 种类，类别 vt. 整理，分类；妥善处理 32. ________n. (咬下的)一口；咬；咬伤 vt. & vi.(bit, bitten)咬，叮 33. ________adj. 整洁的，整齐的；有条理的 34. ________n. 点心，小吃 35. ________n. 眼泪，泪珠 vt. & vi. (tore, torn)撕裂，撕碎 三、拓展词汇 1. ________vt. & vi. 装饰；点缀；粉刷，油漆→________n. 装饰；装修；装饰品→________adj. 装饰的; 作装饰用的 2. ________adj. (穿着、言语、行为等)适合正式场合的，正规的，庄重的→________adj. 非正式的，不正规的→________adv. 正式地；按传统 3. ________n. 传统，传统的信仰(或风俗)→________adj. 传统的；惯例的→________adv. 传统上 4. ________n. 印象，感想；影响，效果→________v. 给……留下深刻印象→________adj.令人印象深刻的 5. ________n. 进入，出场；入口；准许加入；进入权→________v. 进入→________n. 进入 6. ________n. 时刻；时机；特殊场合，盛会→________adj. 偶然的；偶尔的→________adv. 偶尔；有时 7. ________vi. & vt. 寻找，搜寻；打猎，猎杀；追捕→________n. 猎人 8. ________vt. 促进，推动；促销；提升，晋升→________n. 促进，推动；促销；晋升 9. ________vt. 遵守；注意到；观察；庆祝→________n. 观察；监视→________n. 观察者；观测者 10. ________adj. 先前的，以往的；稍前的→________adv. 先前地；早先 11. ________vt. 选择，挑选→________n. 选择，挑选 12. ________vi. & vt. 定居；结束；解决；决定；使处于舒适的位置→________n. 移居者；殖民者→________n. 解决；定居点 13. ________adj. 便利的，方便的，省事的，实用的→________n. 方便，便利；便利设施 14. ________vt. 代表；为……代言；体现→________n. 代表；典型人物 adj. 有代表性的；典型的 15. ________n. 机会，运气；巨款；命运→________adj. 幸运的→________adv. 幸运地 16. ________vt. & vi. 赚得；获利；赢得→________n. 收入,工资；利润 17. ________n. 民族，国家；国民→________adj. 国家的,民族的 18. ________(AmE honor) n. 尊敬，尊重；荣幸；荣誉 vt. 尊重，尊敬；给予表扬；信守→________adj. 可敬的;值得钦佩的 四、熟词生义 1. custom熟义：n. 风俗，习俗 生义：n. ________________ 2. band熟义：n. 乐队，乐团 生义：n. ________________ 3. stuff熟义：n. 东西，物品 生义：vt. ________________ 4. observe熟义：vt. 注意到；观察 生义：vt. ________________ 5. current熟义：n. 水流，潮流；电流；思潮 生义：adj. ________________ 6. package熟义：n. 包，盒；包裹；一套，一揽子 生义：vt. ________________ 7. sort熟义：n. 种类，类别 生义：vt. ________________ 8. tear熟义：n. 眼泪，泪珠 生义：vt. & vi. (tore, torn) ________________ 五、重点短语 1. ________________决不，根本不 2. ________________可感觉到；在传播中 3. ________________被卷入，陷入 4. ________________使世代相传，流传 5. ________________适逢，正当 6. ________________为向……表示敬意 7. ________________使爆炸；出发，动身 写作 句型 1. Then they took seven steps together by the fire, and with each step made a different promise 并列连词 about how they were going to support each other and live together happily. how引导宾语从句 [译文]然后他们在火堆旁一起走七步，每走一步，都要立一条誓言，誓言里讲的都是二人将来会如何相互扶持，如何幸福地共同生活。 2. That is a story for another day, but let’s just say there was a lot of dancing. 并列连词 省略了连接词that的宾语从句 [译文]这个话题改日再聊，且这么说吧，舞跳了不少。 Iceboxes of soft drinks and beer lined the narrow streets, and the smell of roasted meat filled the air [as we passed wave after wave of street stands]. as引导时间状语从句 [译文]装着饮料啤酒的冰柜沿狭长的街道一溜排开，当我们经过一波又一波的街边摊时，空气中弥漫着烤肉的香味。 4. I was so caught up in the party fever that I hardly noticed five hours fly by! so...that...引导结果状语从句 [译文]我深深地沉迷于派对的狂热中，不知不觉五个小时已经过去了。 5. Luo Yan, 29, lifts the cover of a large bowl to breathe in the rich smell of the soup 动词不定式作目的状语 (his wife and mother have prepared). 省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the soup。 [译文]29岁的罗言掀开一个大碗的盖子，嗅着母亲和妻子煲的汤所散发出的浓香。 语法 过去将来时 写作 写一篇推荐中国传统节日文化的文章 一、知识点精讲 1. decorate v.装饰;点缀;粉刷,油漆 【教材原句】The wedding ceremony took place in a brightly decorated hotel room. 婚礼在一个装饰鲜亮的酒 店房间举行。 【词汇拓展】 decorate. . . with. . . 用……装饰…… be decorated with 装饰着…… decorator n.油漆匠,裱糊匠 decoration n. 装饰; 装饰物 decorative adj. 装饰的; 作装饰用的 If I want to decorate my website with some Chinese elements, what should I do?如果我想用一些 中国元素装饰我的网站,我应该怎么办? 2. tradition n.传统，传统的信仰(或风俗) 【教材原句】According to tradition, the bride was wearing an eye-catching red silk sari. 按照传统,新娘穿着一件引人注目的红色丝绸莎丽。 【词汇拓展】 a long tradition 悠久的传统 follow/maintain a tradition 遵循/保持传统 break with tradition 打破传统 by /according to tradition 按照传统 in the tradition of 沿袭……的传统 It is a tradition to do sth./that... 做某事是传统 traditional adj. 传统的 traditionally adv.传统地 By/ According to tradition, people eat zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival. 按照传统,人们在端午节吃粽子。 In some countries, it is a tradition for a bride to wear white. 在一些国家, 新娘穿白色的衣服是一种风俗。 3. impression n. 印象, 感想; 影响, 效果 【教材原句】I did not understand all of the traditional customs, but a few made a deep impression on me. 不是所有的传统习俗我都了解，但有一些给我留下了深刻的印象。 【词汇拓展】 leave/make a deep impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象 first impression 第一印象 impress sb. with sth. 给某人留下印象 impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记某物/事 be impressed by 被……所感动; 对……印象 深刻 impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的 She was deeply impressed by the heartfelt love for the country of every Chinese. 每一个中国人对国家由衷的热爱给她留下了深刻印象。 4. occasion n. 特殊场合, 盛会; 时刻; 时机 【教材原句】No wonder people from Rio take a week off for this happy occasion. 难怪里约人会为这场快乐的盛会休一周的假。 【词汇拓展】 on occasion(s)/sometimes/at times　　有时, 偶尔 on this/that occasion 这/那次, 在这种/ 那种场合 on the occasion of 在……之时 occasional adj. 偶尔的, 临时的 occasionally adv. 偶尔, 有时候 【温馨提示】occasion后定语从句关系副词的选择 (1)当occasion表示“(特定)时刻”时, 引导词用when。 (2)当occasion表示“(仪式、庆典等)重大场合”时, 引导词用where。 I go to the movies with her on occasion. 我偶尔和她去看电影。 Tom wrote his wife a poem on the occasion of her birthday. 汤姆在他妻子生日时给她写了一首诗。 Occasions are quite rare when the businessman spends a weekend with his children.那位商人很 少和孩子们共度周末。 It is helpful to put children on an occasion where they can see themselves differently. 将孩子们放在一个他们可以用不同的眼光看待自己的场合是有帮助的。 5. earn vt. & vi. 赚得；获利；赢得 【教材原句】But how could she earn some? 但是她怎么才能挣到些钱呢?  【词汇拓展】 earn sb. sth. 为某人赢得某物 earn a living (by...) (靠……)谋生 earn a reputation 赢得名誉 earn the respect/trust of sb.=earn sb.'s respect/trust 赢得某人的尊重/信任 earnings n. 收入,工资；利润 The famous singer once earned a living by singing in a restaurant. 这位著名的歌手曾经靠在一家餐厅唱歌谋生。 As a teacher, she has earned the respect of her students. 作为教师,她已经赢得了她学生的尊敬。  6. promote vt. 促进,推动;促销;提升,晋升 【教材原句】Importance of promoting traditional Chinese festivals in modern society 在现代社会推广中国传统节日的重要性 【词汇拓展】 promote sth. as ... 把某物作为……推广 promote sb.to ... 提拔某人为…… get promoted 升职 promotion n. 提升;晋升;(体育运动队的)晋级;促销活动;广告宣传;推广 The area is being promoted as a tourist destination. 这个地区正被推广为旅游点。 The boss promoted him to manager for his successful work. 因为他工作有成效,老板提拔他为经理。 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待升职机会的同时,亨利尽最大的努力履行自己的职责。 7. observe vt. 遵守；注意到；观察；庆祝 【教材原句】According to tradition, we should celebrate the festival by going mountain climbing, but how many people today still observe this tradition? 按照传统,我们应该去爬山来庆祝这个节日,但是如今有多少人仍然遵循这个传统呢? 【词汇拓展】 observe sb. do sth. 看到/观察到/注意到某人做了某事(强调动作已经完成) sb. be observed to do sth. 某人被看到做某事 observe sb. doing sth. 看到/观察到/注意到某人正在做某事(强调动作正在进行) observe sb./sth. done 看到/观察到/注意到某人/某物被…… observe that/wh-从句 看到/观察到/注意到…… observe New Year's Day/the Spring Festival/the Mid-Autumn Festival 庆祝元旦/春节/中秋节 observe the local customs 遵循当地的习俗 observation n. 观察，观测，监视 observer n. 观察者，目击者；评论员 It's our tradition to observe the Spring Festival. 过春节是我们的传统。(写作·传统节日) Officers observed him driving at 90 miles per hour. 警察注意到他正以90英里的时速开车。 Tom was observed to enter the bank and withdraw some money. 有人注意到汤姆进银行取了一些钱。 8. honour (AmE honor)n.尊敬, 尊重; 荣幸; 荣誉vt.尊重，尊敬；给予表扬；信守 【教材原句】The Dragon Boat Festival, for example, is celebrated in honour of Qu Yuan, a great poet living in the Warring States period of ancient China. 例如,庆祝端午节是为了纪念生活在中国古代战国时期的伟大诗人屈原。 【词汇拓展】 (1)in honour of sb.=in sb.'s honour 为了纪念某人；为向某人表示敬意 have the honour of doing/to do sth. 有幸做某事 It is sb.'s honour/an honour to do sth. 某人很荣幸做某事 (2)honour sb. with sth. (for sth.) (因为某事)授予某人某物 be/feel honoured to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸 be honoured as... 被誉为……；被尊为…… (3)honourable/honorable adj. 可敬的;值得钦佩的 May I have the honour of dancing with you? 你能赏光和我跳舞吗? It's an honour to be here and to share with you the story of how music has had an impact on my life. 很荣幸在这里与你们分享关于音乐是如何影响我的人生的故事。 The university honoured the student with the special prize for his academic excellence. 这所大学因这名学生学业优秀给他颁发了特别奖。 Zhang Zhongjing has been honoured as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty. 张仲景自东汉以来一直被尊称为医圣。  9. duty n. 责任,义务;上班,值班;职责;税 【教材原句】It is the duty of every one of us to protect them for generations to come. 为后代保护它们是我们每个人的责任。 【词汇拓展】 It is sb.'s duty　to do sth.(=It is the duty of sb. to do sth.) 做某事是某人的责任。 have a duty to do sth. 有义务做某事 perform one's duty 履行某人的职责 do one's duty 尽某人的责任 a sense of duty 责任感 on  duty 值班,值勤 off  duty下班,不值勤 It is everyone's duty to protect the environment. 保护环境,人人有责。 (写作·保护环境) He goes on duty at 8 am and comes off duty at 5 pm. 他上午8点上班,下午5点下班。 I suppose we'd better do our duty and report the accident. 我认为我们最好尽我们的责任,报告这起事故。 10. select vt. 选择,挑选 【教材原句】Luo Yan's son, Bofeng, happily takes a bite of the chicken his grandfather has selected for him. 罗言的儿子博峰高兴地咬了一口爷爷为他挑选的鸡肉。  【词汇拓展】 select...as /to be... 挑选……作为…… select sb. to do sth. 挑选某人做某事 select...for ... 为……挑选…… select...from... 从……中挑选…… selection n. 选择,挑选;选集;精选品 make a selection作出选择 selective adj. 选择性的,有选择的 As a member of the school volleyball team, I wasn't selected for the end-of-year competition. 作为一名校排球队的队员,我并没有被选中参加年终比赛。 It is no wonder that my son was selected as the most valuable player. 我的儿子被选为最有价值的选手,这不足为奇。 11. settle vi. & vt. 定居；结束；解决；决定；使处于舒适的位置 【教材原句】Luo Yan and his wife and son have settled in the big city, far away from their hometown. 罗言和他的妻儿已经在大城市定居，离家乡很远。 【词汇拓展】 settle in=settle into sth. 安顿下来；习惯于(新居)；适应(新工作) settle on 决定；选定 settle down (使)安定，定居；(使)平静下来 settle down to sth. 开始认真对待某事；定下心来做某事 settlement n. 解决；定居点；(解决纷争的)协议 settler n. 移民者；殖民者 He was tired of the wandering life and longed to settle down. 他厌倦了漂泊的生活,渴望安定下来。 Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. 除了我,家里的每个人都很快地适应了这座城市。 12. convenient adj. 方便的，省事的，便利的，实用的 【教材原句】However, the high-speed train has made it much more convenient for them to go back home. 然而,高铁使他们回家方便多了。 【词汇拓展】 be convenient for sth. 对某事来说方便 It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事方便 convenient作表语时，其主语不能是人。 convenience n.便利,方便;便利的事物(或设施) for the convenience of sb.=for sb.'s convenience为方便某人 at one's convenience在某人方便的时间(或地点) at one's earliest convenience尽快(书信用语) inconvenient adj. 不方便的 inconvenience n. 不便；带来不便者 I'm writing to ask if it is convenient for you to offer us an online talk on English writing. 我写信是想问您是否方便为我们提供一个关于英语写作的在线讲座。 We should be grateful if you would reply at your earliest convenience. 如蒙速复，不胜感激。 13. represent vt. 代表；为……代言；体现；描绘，描述；明确讲述，清楚说明 【教材原句】From the neat designs of the paper-cuttings on the windows, to the Spring Festival couplets on the door, and to the New Year paintings on the wall, everything represents joy, luck and happiness. 从窗户上贴得整整齐齐的剪纸, 到门上的春联, 再到墙上的年画,无不代表着欢乐、好运和幸福。 【词汇拓展】 represent...to be/as... 把……描绘/描述成…… represent sth. to sb. 向某人清楚说明某事 representation n. 代表；表现；描述 representative n. 代表，代理人；代表性人物adj. 典型的，有代表性的 be representative of 代表着……；是……的代表 She represents the woman as the best mother in the world. 她把这个妇女描述成世界上最好的母亲。 I appreciate being elected as a student representative, and I will spare no efforts to make your voice heard. 我很感激被选为学生代表，我将不遗余力地传达大家的心声。 14. fortune n. 机会，运气；巨款；命运 【教材原句】All over the country, people are celebrating their good fortune, celebrating their family's togetherness, and celebrating their nation's strength. 举国上下，人们都在庆祝自己的好运气，庆祝合家团聚，庆祝祖国富强。 【词汇拓展】 (1)make a/one's fortune 发财 try one's fortune 碰运气 (2)fortunate adj. 幸运的 unfortunate adj. 不幸的 be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事 It is fortunate that... 幸运的是…… (3)fortunately adv. 幸运地,幸好 unfortunately adv. 不幸地 Determined never to come back before he could make a big fortune, Mike left home without saying a word. 迈克没有说一句话就离开了家,他决定在发大财之前不再回来。 Unfortunately, all villages were wiped out by the earthquake and nothing could make up for what the survivors suffered. 不幸的是，所有的村庄都被地震摧毁了，幸存者所遭受的痛苦是无法弥补的。 15. 独立主格结构 【教材原句】There were hundreds of guests, all dressed up in formal, colourful clothes. (到场的)宾客数以百计，个个身着色彩艳丽的礼服。 【句型分析】 独立主格结构的构成形式如下: (1)名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态) (2)名词/代词+现在分词(表示主动或进行) (3)名词/代词+过去分词(表示被动或完成) (4)名词/代词+不定式(表示将要发生的动作) 注意 独立主格结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因或伴随等,其逻辑主语是名词/代词,与句子的主语不同。 The man lay there, his hands trembling. 那个男子躺在那儿，双手在颤抖。 Her glasses broken, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.由于她的眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。 16. “感官动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构 【教材原句】I could see a group of around 20 Brazilian dancers and a band in fancy costumes standing in the street.我看到一群人，其中有大约二十名巴西舞者以及一支乐队，他们身着华丽的服装站在街头。 常用于“感官动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的感官动词有see、watch、observe、hear、feel、notice等。 宾语补足语有三种形式：现在分词(表示动作正在进行)、省略to的不定式(表示动作已经完成或经常发生)和过去分词(表示被动)。 注意 hear/see/watch若用于被动语态，不定式的to要还原。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind. 她觉得心里轻松多了。 I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 几分钟前我看见他离开了。 17. “否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义 【教材原句】Indeed, the whole family could not be happier to be together. 的确,一家人再没有比团团圆圆更高兴的事了。 【句式解构】 (1)“否定词+比较级”结构表示最高级意义，通常译为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”。常用的否定词有no、not、never、nothing、nobody、hardly等。 (2)比较级形式表示最高级意义的其他结构： ①can’t/couldn’t+比较级 ②no, not, nothing, nobody, never等+比较级 ③比较级+ any other+单数名词/any of the+复数名词/all of the other+复数名词。 As far as I'm concerned, nothing is more important than health in our daily life. 就我个人而言，在我们的日常生活中，身体健康最重要。 Jim is not a talented “writer”, but he can create more imaginative stories than any other student in his class. 吉姆不是一个有才华的“作家”，但他比班里任何其他学生都能创作出更多富有想象力的故事。 二、核心语法精讲(过去将来时) 概念：过去将来时描述从过去某一时间看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某个状态。 一、过去将来时的常见结构及其用法 1. would＋动词原形 (1)表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。 He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop.他说他会在车站等我们。 (2)表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用would。 Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us. 每当我们遇到困难时，他总会来帮助我们。 (3)用于虚拟语气中表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟。 If I were you, I would not do that. 要是我是你的话，我就不会那样做。 I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 我希望他今晚能和我一起去看电影。 2. “was/were going to＋动词原形”表示准备、计划做某事，或将要发生某事。 She was not going to do anything that evening. 那天晚上她不准备做任何事。 3. “was/were about to＋动词原形”意为“正要、即将”，表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。常用于句型“be about to do...when...”，表示“正要做……这时……”。 We were about to set out on a trip when it suddenly began to rain heavily. 我们正要出发去旅行，这时突然下起了大雨。 4. “was/were to＋动词原形”表示曾计划做某事，但不表明计划是否被执行；或表示命中注定要发生的事。 I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 我感到紧张，因为我很快就要第一次离开家了。 二、特殊用法 1. go，come，leave，arrive，take off等少数趋向性短暂动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。 I asked her whether she was coming to the party. 我问她是否要来参加晚会。 2. 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中需用一般过去时表示过去将来时。 I didn’t know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know. 我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。 注意：第一个when引导宾语从句，可使用过去将来时；第二个when引导时间状语从句，只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 三、单元写作清单 假定你是李华，请写一篇主题为“How to promote our traditional festivals”的文章，谈谈怎样号召人们传承中国的传统节日和风俗，使中国的传统文化发扬光大。要点如下： 1. 推广中国传统节日的缘由； 2. 推广中国传统节日的方法； 3. 期望看到积极的效果。 注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 1. 话题分析 本单元的写作任务是写一篇推广中国传统节日的文章。写作此类文章要注意的事项为：第一，交代背景和原因并申明推广的目的，人们才会理解和接受，才会自觉地行动。第二，开展怎样的活动，要做哪些事情，要把它的价值和意义表述出来。第三，结尾要写出呼吁者的决心和希望。 2. 写作框架 3. 写作素材 (1)话题词汇 (1)节日介绍 ①date back to/date from　 追溯到 ②originate from/in 起源于 ③be popular with 受……的欢迎 ④be rooted in 根植于 (2)措施 ⑤take measures 采取措施 ⑥call on sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事 ⑦raise the awareness of 提高……的意识 ⑧educate sb. to do sth. 教育某人做某事 (3)意义 ⑨hold on to traditional festivals 保留传统节日 ⑩promote the development of traditional festivals 促进传统节日的发展 inherit cultural heritages 继承文化遗产 (2)话题句式 段首句 ①The Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese New Year, is a very important festival in China. 春节, 也被称为中国新年, 在中国是一个非常重要的节日。 ②As is well known to us all, the Spring Festival/the Mid-Autumn Festival is a festival for reunion. 众所周知, 春节/中秋节是一个团圆的节日。 主体段落句 ①It’s obvious that there are many ways to promote the development of traditional festivals. 很明显, 有很多方式可以促进传统节日的发展。 ②It is surely a good way to promote the development of traditional festivals through the media. 通过媒体促进传统节日的发展无疑是个好办法。 ③It is important for schools to teach students the traditional culture. 对学校来说, 教授学生传统文化是很重要的。 段尾句 ①It’s our duty to promote the development of traditional culture. 促进传统文化的发展是我们的责任。 ②Only in this way can we promote the development of traditional festivals. 只有这样, 我们才能促进传统节日的发展。 (3)范文背诵 Since traditional Chinese festivals are an important part of Chinese culture, they should be well protected and maintained. There are many ways to promote traditional Chinese festivals. Firstly, we should call on our government to list more traditional festivals as national festivals, which can greatly promote the development of traditional festivals. Secondly, it is important for the schools to teach more knowledge about traditional festivals and customs. Only in this way can the younger generation have a better understanding of traditional festivals and customs. In a word, it’s everyone’s duty to protect traditional Chinese festivals for generations to come. I hope everybody will be actively involved in the action. 易错点01 不同的习惯 【易混辨析】custom/habit/practice custom 一般指整个社会、民族、宗教、部落等在长时间内形成的风俗、习惯, 偶尔也指个人的习惯 habit 个人习惯 practice 个人或者社会的“惯常做法, 惯例” 【补偿训练】 选词填空(custom, habit, practice) (1)He has a _______ of closing his eyes when he tells a story. (2)It is a _______ in Britain to drive on the left. (3)This _______ has been handed down since the 18th century. 词语 意义及用法 例句 scene “风景，景象”，它侧重指被当作一个整体而看到的自然风景，含有人和人的动作在内。常作可数名词 There were distressing scenes when the earthquake occurred. 地震发生时，常有悲惨的景象。 scenery “风景”，指某一地区总的自然景色，特别是美丽的自然风景，常作不可数名词 The grassland scenery of Tibet is unrivalled. 西藏的草原风景是无与伦比的。 view 指从某一位置所看到的风景、景色，也可以指风景画、风景照 He always sits here and looks at the view. 他总是坐在这里观看景色。 sight 指某一地区值得观看的建筑物、胜地、风景等，常作复数 The Great Wall is one of the sights of the world. 长城是世界名胜之一。 【对点训练】选词填空(scene/scenery/view/sight) ①As he reached the front door, Jack saw a strange ________. ②He photographed a wide range of street ________. ③The beautiful ________ in the mountain attracted all of us. ④One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high building is that you can get a good ________. 易错点02 in addition/ in addition to 【错因辨析】 ordinary 意为“普通的; 平常的”, 指与一般事物的性质标准相同, 强调“平常”而无奇特之处 common 意为“常见的; 普遍的”, 用于指物, 侧重很常见, 不稀奇。强调许多事物具有某种共同点而“不足为奇”。common sense常识 usual 意为“通常的; 惯常的”, 是按照某类人或某个人的常规情况判断, 有“遵循常规”的意味。as usual像往常一样 normal 意为“正常的”, 形容人或物“符合常态或常规” 【对点训练】 选词填空(ordinary, common, usual, normal) 1. ________ soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 2. Yesterday morning he got up earlier than ________, for it was not a (n) ________ day. 3. The number of visitors has been rising steadily since the reopening, despite a sharp decrease compared to ________ years. 4. When you travel in Switzerland, just smile, for smile is really a ________ world language. 易错点03 occasion 的定语从句的关系词的选择 【错因辨析】occasion后定语从句关系副词的选择 (1)当occasion表示“(特定)时刻”时, 引导词用when。 (2)当occasion表示“(仪式、庆典等)重大场合”时, 引导词用where。 【对点训练】 根据句意填入适当的词。 1. Occasions are quite rare ________ I have time to spend a day with my kids. 2. This is not an occasion for laughter, ________ you must take things seriously. 易错点04 独立主格的结构构成 【错因辨析】 【对点训练】 1. Near the hill there is a small garden, its owner ________(seat) in it playing chess with his friend. 2. Weather ________(permit), we will go for a picnic in the nearby forest park this weekend. 3. Many tourists crowded into the ancient town, most of them ________(admire) the unique local architecture. 4. Erhu was originally known as Huqin, its history ________(date) back to the Tang Dynasty nearly a thousand years ago. 一、默写重点单词 1. ________ vi. & vt. 赢得；赚得；获利 2. ________ vt. 代表；为……代言；体现→________ n. 代表；典型人物 adj. 有代表性的；典型的 3. ________ vt. & vi. 装饰；点缀；粉刷，油漆→________ n. 装饰；装饰物 4. ________ n. 印象，感想；影响，效果→________ v. 给……留下深刻印象→________ adj. 给人印象深刻的 5. ________ n. 时刻；时机；特殊场合，盛会→________ adj. 偶然的；偶尔的→________ adv. 偶然；有时候 6. ________ n. 尊重，尊敬；荣幸；荣誉 vt. 尊重，尊敬；给予表扬；信守 7. ________ vt. 促进，推动；促销；提升，晋升→________ n. 促进，推动；促销；晋升 8. ________ vt. 遵守；观察；注意到；庆祝→________ n. 观察；监视 9. ________ adj.先前的，以往的；稍前的→________ adv. 先前地；早先 10. ________ adj.便利的，方便的，省事的；实用的→________ n. 方便，便利；便利设施 二、词汇运用 1. A warm self-introduction helps you make a good first ________(印象) on your new classmates on the first day of senior high. 2. Sam has worked in the company for 20 years; his honesty has ________(使获得) him great respect and admiration. 3. My experience from the environmental activity held last Sunday is totally different from the ________(以前的) ones. 4. So far, these traditional stories have been passed down from parent to child over many ________(一代人). 5. He is trying to find his true ________(身份). 6. It is the duty of every citizen to ________(遵守) the traffic regulations to ensure road safety for everyone. 7. The new policy is expected to ________(促进) the development of small businesses in rural areas. 8. As a player, Lang Ping brought ________(荣誉) and glory to her country. As a coach, she led the China women’s volleyball team to medals at world championships and the Olympics. 9. Most of us ________(观察) much more as children than we do as adults. 10. It is c________ to go shopping at present. You can go to the physical stores or do it online. 三、语法填空 1. Hardly ________ the local villagers ________(settle) the argument when a group of journalists showed up to cover the event. 2. The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated ________ honour of an ancient poet, Qu Yuan. 3. Her facial expression showed her eagerness ________(observe) the unique festival. 4. Acceptance increases peace within us, unlike social media interaction, which ________(promote) self-judgment and other-judgment. 5. The head teacher’s speech on the first day left a deep ________(impress) on us. (所给词的适当形式填空) 四、重点句型 1. 难怪里约的人会为这个快乐的时刻请一周的假。 ________________ people from Rio take a week off for this happy occasion. 2.我是如此沉浸在节日派对的狂欢中, 以至于我都没意识到五个小时一眨眼就过去了! so. . . that. . . I was ________________________I hardly noticed five hours fly by! 3.我能看到一群大约有20人左右的巴西舞者和一个穿着奇装异服的乐队站在街上。(动词-ing形式作宾语补足语) I could ________________________________________________ in the street. 4.狂欢节的人潮带着我们穿过不断扩张的人海, 一路上跳舞不停。(动词-ing形式作伴随状语) The Carnival current carried us through the ever-growing sea of people, ________________________. 5. 典礼之后, 到了庆祝的时间了。 After the ceremony, ________________________________________________. 6.的确, 全家人聚在一起是再幸福不过的事情了。(比较级与否定词连用表最高级) Indeed, the whole family ________________________ to be together. 7. 但是, 如今有了高铁, 回趟家对他们来说就方便多了。(make it +adj. /n. +for sb. +to do) However, the high-speed train has ________________________________________________. 8.五个小时的旅途, 他们兴高采烈地聊着天, 心中想的全是甜蜜的家。(独立主格结构) During the five-hour trip, they chatted excitedly with each other, ________________________________. 五、课文语法填空 Reading Alex Zhang wrote the travel journal about his 1.________(experience) of attending an Indian wedding ceremony and the Rio Carnival. When he was invited to attend his friend’s sister’s wedding in India, he 2.________(definite) knew it would be an opportunity 3.________(learn) the local culture. 4.________ impressed Alex deeply was that the bridegroom entered 5.________ a beautiful white horse. The couple also joined hands 6.________(walk) around the fire four times. To experience the spirit of the Carnival for himself, he went to 7.________ street party. The Carnival was full of happy and 8.________(excite) moments. Even as he 9.________(lie) in bed that evening, the bright colours and lively music 10.________(be) still swimming all around him. He was really amazed by the first day in Rio. Extended reading Luo Yan and his wife and son travel back to their hometown 1.________ the Spring Festival. Their parents 2.________(decorate) the house beautifully and prepared many delicious dishes. The whole family could not be 3.________(happy) to be together. 4.________ the cold outside, bright smiles fill the air with warmth 5.________ laughter rings throughout the house. 6.________ dinner, the whole family are going to stay up late on the New Year’s Eve. They gather around the TV 7.________(watch) the New Year’s programme, while eating snacks, 8.________(chat) with each other and making dumplings. As midnight 9.________(approach), Luo Yan takes his parents, wife 10.________ son outside to set off firecrackers. 六、阅读理解 A The Mid-Autumn Festival, falling on the 15th day of the eighth month, is one of the most important traditional festivals in China. As the moon reaches its fullest and brightest on that night, the festival stands for family reunion(团圆). The history of the Mid-Autumn Festival dates back more than 3,000 years. In ancient times, Chinese rulers held ceremonies where people were together to take a joyful look at the moon in autumn. Later, common people followed this tradition. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that enjoying the moon became a popular activity among common people, and the festival was fixed as an official (官方的) celebration activity during the Song Dynasty. Mooncakes are the most famous food for the festival. They are round, just like the full moon, bringing people’s wishes for family togetherness. People usually eat mooncakes while watching the moon in the open air. Besides mooncakes, families also prepare fruits such as pomelos and grapes for the night. Nowadays, many families still keep the old traditions. However, some young people choose to celebrate the festival in new ways. Some travel with their family and some hang out with friends of their age while others who work far away from home send mooncakes to relatives and friends through online shopping. No matter how people celebrate it, the core meaning of the festival never changes — the love for family and the hope for reunion. 1. What is the core meaning of the Mid-Autumn Festival? A. Love between the older and younger generations. B. Love between men and women. C. Love between parents and children. D. Love between families. 2. When did enjoying the moon become popular among common people? A. In the Tang Dynasty. B. In the Song Dynasty. C. About 3000 years ago. D. In the Han Dynasty. 3. Why do people celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival by eating mooncakes? A. They taste better than other fruits. B. They are cheap and easy to buy. C. Their shape looks like the moon and means family reunion. D. They were officially invented in the Song Dynasty. 4. What is unchanged about the Mid-Autumn Festival nowadays? A. Its core meaning of family reunion. B. The ways young people celebrate it. C. The kinds of mooncakes people eat. D. The online shopping for mooncakes. B I have lived in Chinese cups for centuries. I have risen in morning light, rested between careful fingers, and listened to words that people were too shy to speak aloud. To some, I may seem no more than a drink — something warm, fragrant, and useful. But in China, I have long carried more than flavor. I have carried memory. I still remember one quiet morning in Chengdu. Before lunch, two students sat with their foreign teacher in Daci Temple. They warmed the cups, poured in hot water, and then let the first round of tea flow away. The teacher was puzzled and asked why. The students hesitated, as if the answer was too familiar to explain. Their parents did it, they said, and their grandparents had done the same before them. At that moment, I was not merely being prepared. I was helping the past enter the present through a simple movement of the hand. I remember, too, a small studio in Quanzhou, where a couple shaped porcelain teapots and cups so fine that light almost passed through them. When a visitor stepped inside, they did not rush to talk about prices. Instead, they invited him to sit down and share me. Steam rose slowly between them. Then came stories of life, family, travel and dreams. I said nothing, yet I made the silence comfortable. Around a small tea table, strangers found a way to become friends. In many places, I am treated as useful. I wake people up, calm them down, or warm their hands on cold days. But in China, I have learned to do something quieter and deeper. I appear at family tables, in old temples, and between people meeting for the first time. I carry respect without ceremony. I hold affection without direct words. Even when I am served casually, I often carry feelings that people do not need to name. So the next time you see steam rising from a cup of tea, do not think I am silent. I am speaking in my own gentle way. I am telling you that some of life’s deepest connections are not built through grand events, but through small acts repeated with care, generation after generation. 5. What does the students’ tea-making act in Daci Temple mainly show? A. Their concern about tea quality. B. Their respect for a family tradition. C. Their knowledge of temple rules. D. Their wish to impress the foreign teacher. 6. What can we learn from the story in Quanzhou? A. Tea can help create friendly conversations. B. Porcelain teapots are more valuable than tea. C. Visitors usually buy tea sets after drinking tea. D. Business talks are common in Chinese tea culture. 7. Which of the following best describes the tea in the text? A. Formal and powerful. B. Practical and distant. C. Proud and mysterious. D. Gentle and connecting. 8. What is the best title for the text? A. The Art of Making Chinese Tea B. Tea: A Silent Bridge in China C. Tea: A Symbol of Chinese Tradition D. Why Chinese Tea Tastes Better 七、完形填空 As a child in a small town in the Northeast U.S., spring didn’t mean much to me. We had a week off from school, but it was just a 1 , not a celebration of spring. For the kids in our neighborhood, the arrival of spring was a 2 . We only cared about winter for skating, and summer for the beach. Spring and autumn were just in-between times, waiting for the 3 to start again. Eventually, I started to 4 spring more, especially after hearing the famous 5 from poet Alfred Lord Tennyson: “In the spring, a young man’s fancy turns to thoughts of love.” But even then, it wasn’t the season itself that 6 my attention — it was the other things that came with it. Everything changed when I moved to China. I 7 my first Spring Festival in Beijing, and it could hardly be 8 . What stood out most for me was that the city seemed 9 , with no crowds or cars on the streets. I was 10 until my coworkers explained that during the Spring Festival, many people travel to 11 families in their hometown, and that many Beijingers are not 12 from the city. I also got my first 13 of something about the Spring Festival that 14 me — there seems to be an almost overnight improvement in the weather around the festival. I can’t 15 how the ancient Chinese could create a system for predicting (预测) the arrival of spring. But they did. 1. A. vacation B. lifestyle C. promise D. replacement 2. A. non-parent B. non-user C. non-event D. non-starter 3. A. limit B. place C. reply D. fun 4. A. appreciate B. describe C. dislike D. affect 5. A. music B. line C. joke D. voice 6. A. avoided B. noticed C. caught D. forgot 7. A. organized B. experienced C. reported D. compared 8. A. ignored B. recorded C. treasured D. dropped 9. A. crowded B. familiar C. empty D. restless 10. A. lonely B. confused C. warm D. satisfied 11. A. honor B. drive C. call D. visit 12. A. originally B. silently C. falsely D. readily 13. A. amount B. knowledge C. outbreak D. process 14. A. backed B. calmed C. amazed D. cheated 15. A. depend on B. focus on C. put out D. figure out 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Festivals and customs 词汇 一、阅读词汇 1. comb n. 梳子；梳理(头发) vt. 梳，梳理；搜寻 2. couplet n. 对联，对句 3. firecracker n. 鞭炮，爆竹 4. lantern n. 灯笼，提灯 5. riddle n. 谜，谜语 6. willow n. 柳，柳树 7. creep vi. (crept, crept)渐渐出现 8. sleeve n. 袖子 9. bride n. 新娘 10. bridegroom n. 新郎 11. costume n. 戏装，装扮用服装 12. beer n. 啤酒 13. mirror n. 镜子 14. per prep. 每，每一 15. firework n. 烟火，烟花 16. eve n. 前夜，前夕 17. china n. 瓷；瓷器 18. pork n. 猪肉 19. midnight n. 午夜，子夜 二、写作词汇 1. wedding n. 婚礼，结婚庆典 2. ceremony n. 典礼，仪式 3. eye-catching adj. 惹人注意的，引人注目的 4. custom n. 风俗，习俗；个人习惯；光顾 5. ordinary adj. 普通的，平常的；平庸的 6. flight n. 班机，航班；航程；飞行 7. merry adj. 愉快的，高兴的 8. band n. 乐队，乐团；一伙，一帮；带，箍 9. twist vi. & vt. 扭转，转动；使弯曲；曲折 n. 转动；转折；曲折处 10. clap vi. & vt. 鼓掌，拍手 n. 鼓掌，拍手 11. march vi. 齐步走，前进；游行示威 n. 游行示威；行进 12. current n. 水流，潮流；电流；思潮 adj.当前的；通用的 13. roast vt. & vi. 烘，烤，焙(肉等) 14. annual adj. 每年的，年度的；一年的 15. engine n. 发动机，引擎 16. acid n. 酸 adj. 酸性的；酸味的 17. stuff n. 东西，物品；活儿，话 vt. 填满，装满；把……塞进 18. vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆；手段，工具 20. apartment n. 公寓套房 21. chain n. 链子，链条；一系列；连锁店 vt. 用锁链拴住 22. income n. 收入，收益 23. package n. 包，盒；包裹；一套，一揽子 vt. 将……包装好；包装 24. lunar adj. 月亮的，月球的 25. generation n. 一代人；代，一代；产生 26. source n. 来源；起源；源头 27. identity n. 特性；身份 28. duty n. 责任，义务；上班，值班；职责；税 29. precious adj. 宝贵的，珍贵的；珍奇的；珍稀的 30. plate n. 盘子，碟子；板块；车牌 31. sort n. 种类，类别 vt. 整理，分类；妥善处理 32. bite n. (咬下的)一口；咬；咬伤 vt. & vi.(bit, bitten)咬，叮 33. neat adj. 整洁的，整齐的；有条理的 34. snack n. 点心，小吃 35. tear n. 眼泪，泪珠 vt. & vi. (tore, torn)撕裂，撕碎 三、拓展词汇 1. decorate vt. & vi. 装饰；点缀；粉刷，油漆→decoration n. 装饰；装修；装饰品→decorative adj. 装饰的; 作装饰用的 2. formal adj. (穿着、言语、行为等)适合正式场合的，正规的，庄重的→informal adj. 非正式的，不正规的→formally adv. 正式地；按传统 3. tradition n. 传统，传统的信仰(或风俗)→traditional adj. 传统的；惯例的→traditionally adv. 传统上 4. impression n. 印象，感想；影响，效果→impress v. 给……留下深刻印象→impressive adj.令人印象深刻的 5. entrance n. 进入，出场；入口；准许加入；进入权→enter v. 进入→entry n. 进入 6. occasion n. 时刻；时机；特殊场合，盛会→occasional adj. 偶然的；偶尔的→occasionally adv. 偶尔；有时 7. hunt vi. & vt. 寻找，搜寻；打猎，猎杀；追捕→hunter n. 猎人 8. promote vt. 促进，推动；促销；提升，晋升→promotion n. 促进，推动；促销；晋升 9. observe vt. 遵守；注意到；观察；庆祝→observation n. 观察；监视→observer n. 观察者；观测者 10. previous adj. 先前的，以往的；稍前的→previously adv. 先前地；早先 11. select vt. 选择，挑选→selection n. 选择，挑选 12. settle vi. & vt. 定居；结束；解决；决定；使处于舒适的位置→settler n. 移居者；殖民者→settlement n. 解决；定居点 13. convenient adj. 便利的，方便的，省事的，实用的→convenience n. 方便，便利；便利设施 14. represent vt. 代表；为……代言；体现→representative n. 代表；典型人物 adj. 有代表性的；典型的 15. fortune n. 机会，运气；巨款；命运→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地 16. earn vt. & vi. 赚得；获利；赢得→earnings n. 收入,工资；利润 17. nation n. 民族，国家；国民→national adj. 国家的,民族的 18. honour(AmE honor) n. 尊敬，尊重；荣幸；荣誉 vt. 尊重，尊敬；给予表扬；信守→honourable/honorable adj. 可敬的;值得钦佩的 四、熟词生义 1. custom熟义：n. 风俗，习俗 生义：n. 光顾 2. band熟义：n. 乐队，乐团 生义：n. 一伙，一帮 3. stuff熟义：n. 东西，物品 生义：vt. 填满，装满；把……塞进 4. observe熟义：vt. 注意到；观察 生义：vt. 遵守；庆祝 5. current熟义：n. 水流，潮流；电流；思潮 生义：adj. 当前的；通用的 6. package熟义：n. 包，盒；包裹；一套，一揽子 生义：vt. 将……包装好；包装 7. sort熟义：n. 种类，类别 生义：vt. 整理，分类；妥善处理 8. tear熟义：n. 眼泪，泪珠 生义：vt. & vi. (tore, torn)撕裂，撕碎 五、重点短语 1. anything but决不，根本不 2. in the air可感觉到；在传播中 3. be caught up in被卷入，陷入 4. pass down使世代相传，流传 5. fall on适逢，正当 6. in honour of为向……表示敬意 7. set off使爆炸；出发，动身 写作 句型 1. Then they took seven steps together by the fire, and with each step made a different promise 并列连词 about how they were going to support each other and live together happily. how引导宾语从句 [译文]然后他们在火堆旁一起走七步，每走一步，都要立一条誓言，誓言里讲的都是二人将来会如何相互扶持，如何幸福地共同生活。 2. That is a story for another day, but let’s just say there was a lot of dancing. 并列连词 省略了连接词that的宾语从句 [译文]这个话题改日再聊，且这么说吧，舞跳了不少。 Iceboxes of soft drinks and beer lined the narrow streets, and the smell of roasted meat filled the air [as we passed wave after wave of street stands]. as引导时间状语从句 [译文]装着饮料啤酒的冰柜沿狭长的街道一溜排开，当我们经过一波又一波的街边摊时，空气中弥漫着烤肉的香味。 4. I was so caught up in the party fever that I hardly noticed five hours fly by! so...that...引导结果状语从句 [译文]我深深地沉迷于派对的狂热中，不知不觉五个小时已经过去了。 5. Luo Yan, 29, lifts the cover of a large bowl to breathe in the rich smell of the soup 动词不定式作目的状语 (his wife and mother have prepared). 省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the soup。 [译文]29岁的罗言掀开一个大碗的盖子，嗅着母亲和妻子煲的汤所散发出的浓香。 语法 过去将来时 写作 写一篇推荐中国传统节日文化的文章 一、知识点精讲 1. decorate v.装饰;点缀;粉刷,油漆 【教材原句】The wedding ceremony took place in a brightly decorated hotel room. 婚礼在一个装饰鲜亮的酒 店房间举行。 【词汇拓展】 decorate. . . with. . . 用……装饰…… be decorated with 装饰着…… decorator n.油漆匠,裱糊匠 decoration n. 装饰; 装饰物 decorative adj. 装饰的; 作装饰用的 If I want to decorate my website with some Chinese elements, what should I do?如果我想用一些 中国元素装饰我的网站,我应该怎么办? 2. tradition n.传统，传统的信仰(或风俗) 【教材原句】According to tradition, the bride was wearing an eye-catching red silk sari. 按照传统,新娘穿着一件引人注目的红色丝绸莎丽。 【词汇拓展】 a long tradition 悠久的传统 follow/maintain a tradition 遵循/保持传统 break with tradition 打破传统 by /according to tradition 按照传统 in the tradition of 沿袭……的传统 It is a tradition to do sth./that... 做某事是传统 traditional adj. 传统的 traditionally adv.传统地 By/ According to tradition, people eat zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival. 按照传统,人们在端午节吃粽子。 In some countries, it is a tradition for a bride to wear white. 在一些国家, 新娘穿白色的衣服是一种风俗。 3. impression n. 印象, 感想; 影响, 效果 【教材原句】I did not understand all of the traditional customs, but a few made a deep impression on me. 不是所有的传统习俗我都了解，但有一些给我留下了深刻的印象。 【词汇拓展】 leave/make a deep impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象 first impression 第一印象 impress sb. with sth. 给某人留下印象 impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记某物/事 be impressed by 被……所感动; 对……印象 深刻 impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的 She was deeply impressed by the heartfelt love for the country of every Chinese. 每一个中国人对国家由衷的热爱给她留下了深刻印象。 4. occasion n. 特殊场合, 盛会; 时刻; 时机 【教材原句】No wonder people from Rio take a week off for this happy occasion. 难怪里约人会为这场快乐的盛会休一周的假。 【词汇拓展】 on occasion(s)/sometimes/at times　　有时, 偶尔 on this/that occasion 这/那次, 在这种/ 那种场合 on the occasion of 在……之时 occasional adj. 偶尔的, 临时的 occasionally adv. 偶尔, 有时候 【温馨提示】occasion后定语从句关系副词的选择 (1)当occasion表示“(特定)时刻”时, 引导词用when。 (2)当occasion表示“(仪式、庆典等)重大场合”时, 引导词用where。 I go to the movies with her on occasion. 我偶尔和她去看电影。 Tom wrote his wife a poem on the occasion of her birthday. 汤姆在他妻子生日时给她写了一首诗。 Occasions are quite rare when the businessman spends a weekend with his children.那位商人很 少和孩子们共度周末。 It is helpful to put children on an occasion where they can see themselves differently. 将孩子们放在一个他们可以用不同的眼光看待自己的场合是有帮助的。 5. earn vt. & vi. 赚得；获利；赢得 【教材原句】But how could she earn some? 但是她怎么才能挣到些钱呢?  【词汇拓展】 earn sb. sth. 为某人赢得某物 earn a living (by...) (靠……)谋生 earn a reputation 赢得名誉 earn the respect/trust of sb.=earn sb.'s respect/trust 赢得某人的尊重/信任 earnings n. 收入,工资；利润 The famous singer once earned a living by singing in a restaurant. 这位著名的歌手曾经靠在一家餐厅唱歌谋生。 As a teacher, she has earned the respect of her students. 作为教师,她已经赢得了她学生的尊敬。  6. promote vt. 促进,推动;促销;提升,晋升 【教材原句】Importance of promoting traditional Chinese festivals in modern society 在现代社会推广中国传统节日的重要性 【词汇拓展】 promote sth. as ... 把某物作为……推广 promote sb.to ... 提拔某人为…… get promoted 升职 promotion n. 提升;晋升;(体育运动队的)晋级;促销活动;广告宣传;推广 The area is being promoted as a tourist destination. 这个地区正被推广为旅游点。 The boss promoted him to manager for his successful work. 因为他工作有成效,老板提拔他为经理。 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待升职机会的同时,亨利尽最大的努力履行自己的职责。 7. observe vt. 遵守；注意到；观察；庆祝 【教材原句】According to tradition, we should celebrate the festival by going mountain climbing, but how many people today still observe this tradition? 按照传统,我们应该去爬山来庆祝这个节日,但是如今有多少人仍然遵循这个传统呢? 【词汇拓展】 observe sb. do sth. 看到/观察到/注意到某人做了某事(强调动作已经完成) sb. be observed to do sth. 某人被看到做某事 observe sb. doing sth. 看到/观察到/注意到某人正在做某事(强调动作正在进行) observe sb./sth. done 看到/观察到/注意到某人/某物被…… observe that/wh-从句 看到/观察到/注意到…… observe New Year's Day/the Spring Festival/the Mid-Autumn Festival 庆祝元旦/春节/中秋节 observe the local customs 遵循当地的习俗 observation n. 观察，观测，监视 observer n. 观察者，目击者；评论员 It's our tradition to observe the Spring Festival. 过春节是我们的传统。(写作·传统节日) Officers observed him driving at 90 miles per hour. 警察注意到他正以90英里的时速开车。 Tom was observed to enter the bank and withdraw some money. 有人注意到汤姆进银行取了一些钱。 8. honour (AmE honor)n.尊敬, 尊重; 荣幸; 荣誉vt.尊重，尊敬；给予表扬；信守 【教材原句】The Dragon Boat Festival, for example, is celebrated in honour of Qu Yuan, a great poet living in the Warring States period of ancient China. 例如,庆祝端午节是为了纪念生活在中国古代战国时期的伟大诗人屈原。 【词汇拓展】 (1)in honour of sb.=in sb.'s honour 为了纪念某人；为向某人表示敬意 have the honour of doing/to do sth. 有幸做某事 It is sb.'s honour/an honour to do sth. 某人很荣幸做某事 (2)honour sb. with sth. (for sth.) (因为某事)授予某人某物 be/feel honoured to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸 be honoured as... 被誉为……；被尊为…… (3)honourable/honorable adj. 可敬的;值得钦佩的 May I have the honour of dancing with you? 你能赏光和我跳舞吗? It's an honour to be here and to share with you the story of how music has had an impact on my life. 很荣幸在这里与你们分享关于音乐是如何影响我的人生的故事。 The university honoured the student with the special prize for his academic excellence. 这所大学因这名学生学业优秀给他颁发了特别奖。 Zhang Zhongjing has been honoured as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty. 张仲景自东汉以来一直被尊称为医圣。  9. duty n. 责任,义务;上班,值班;职责;税 【教材原句】It is the duty of every one of us to protect them for generations to come. 为后代保护它们是我们每个人的责任。 【词汇拓展】 It is sb.'s duty　to do sth.(=It is the duty of sb. to do sth.) 做某事是某人的责任。 have a duty to do sth. 有义务做某事 perform one's duty 履行某人的职责 do one's duty 尽某人的责任 a sense of duty 责任感 on  duty 值班,值勤 off  duty下班,不值勤 It is everyone's duty to protect the environment. 保护环境,人人有责。 (写作·保护环境) He goes on duty at 8 am and comes off duty at 5 pm. 他上午8点上班,下午5点下班。 I suppose we'd better do our duty and report the accident. 我认为我们最好尽我们的责任,报告这起事故。 10. select vt. 选择,挑选 【教材原句】Luo Yan's son, Bofeng, happily takes a bite of the chicken his grandfather has selected for him. 罗言的儿子博峰高兴地咬了一口爷爷为他挑选的鸡肉。  【词汇拓展】 select...as /to be... 挑选……作为…… select sb. to do sth. 挑选某人做某事 select...for ... 为……挑选…… select...from... 从……中挑选…… selection n. 选择,挑选;选集;精选品 make a selection作出选择 selective adj. 选择性的,有选择的 As a member of the school volleyball team, I wasn't selected for the end-of-year competition. 作为一名校排球队的队员,我并没有被选中参加年终比赛。 It is no wonder that my son was selected as the most valuable player. 我的儿子被选为最有价值的选手,这不足为奇。 11. settle vi. & vt. 定居；结束；解决；决定；使处于舒适的位置 【教材原句】Luo Yan and his wife and son have settled in the big city, far away from their hometown. 罗言和他的妻儿已经在大城市定居，离家乡很远。 【词汇拓展】 settle in=settle into sth. 安顿下来；习惯于(新居)；适应(新工作) settle on 决定；选定 settle down (使)安定，定居；(使)平静下来 settle down to sth. 开始认真对待某事；定下心来做某事 settlement n. 解决；定居点；(解决纷争的)协议 settler n. 移民者；殖民者 He was tired of the wandering life and longed to settle down. 他厌倦了漂泊的生活,渴望安定下来。 Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. 除了我,家里的每个人都很快地适应了这座城市。 12. convenient adj. 方便的，省事的，便利的，实用的 【教材原句】However, the high-speed train has made it much more convenient for them to go back home. 然而,高铁使他们回家方便多了。 【词汇拓展】 be convenient for sth. 对某事来说方便 It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事方便 convenient作表语时，其主语不能是人。 convenience n.便利,方便;便利的事物(或设施) for the convenience of sb.=for sb.'s convenience为方便某人 at one's convenience在某人方便的时间(或地点) at one's earliest convenience尽快(书信用语) inconvenient adj. 不方便的 inconvenience n. 不便；带来不便者 I'm writing to ask if it is convenient for you to offer us an online talk on English writing. 我写信是想问您是否方便为我们提供一个关于英语写作的在线讲座。 We should be grateful if you would reply at your earliest convenience. 如蒙速复，不胜感激。 13. represent vt. 代表；为……代言；体现；描绘，描述；明确讲述，清楚说明 【教材原句】From the neat designs of the paper-cuttings on the windows, to the Spring Festival couplets on the door, and to the New Year paintings on the wall, everything represents joy, luck and happiness. 从窗户上贴得整整齐齐的剪纸, 到门上的春联, 再到墙上的年画,无不代表着欢乐、好运和幸福。 【词汇拓展】 represent...to be/as... 把……描绘/描述成…… represent sth. to sb. 向某人清楚说明某事 representation n. 代表；表现；描述 representative n. 代表，代理人；代表性人物adj. 典型的，有代表性的 be representative of 代表着……；是……的代表 She represents the woman as the best mother in the world. 她把这个妇女描述成世界上最好的母亲。 I appreciate being elected as a student representative, and I will spare no efforts to make your voice heard. 我很感激被选为学生代表，我将不遗余力地传达大家的心声。 14. fortune n. 机会，运气；巨款；命运 【教材原句】All over the country, people are celebrating their good fortune, celebrating their family's togetherness, and celebrating their nation's strength. 举国上下，人们都在庆祝自己的好运气，庆祝合家团聚，庆祝祖国富强。 【词汇拓展】 (1)make a/one's fortune 发财 try one's fortune 碰运气 (2)fortunate adj. 幸运的 unfortunate adj. 不幸的 be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事 It is fortunate that... 幸运的是…… (3)fortunately adv. 幸运地,幸好 unfortunately adv. 不幸地 Determined never to come back before he could make a big fortune, Mike left home without saying a word. 迈克没有说一句话就离开了家,他决定在发大财之前不再回来。 Unfortunately, all villages were wiped out by the earthquake and nothing could make up for what the survivors suffered. 不幸的是，所有的村庄都被地震摧毁了，幸存者所遭受的痛苦是无法弥补的。 15. 独立主格结构 【教材原句】There were hundreds of guests, all dressed up in formal, colourful clothes. (到场的)宾客数以百计，个个身着色彩艳丽的礼服。 【句型分析】 独立主格结构的构成形式如下: (1)名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态) (2)名词/代词+现在分词(表示主动或进行) (3)名词/代词+过去分词(表示被动或完成) (4)名词/代词+不定式(表示将要发生的动作) 注意 独立主格结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因或伴随等,其逻辑主语是名词/代词,与句子的主语不同。 The man lay there, his hands trembling. 那个男子躺在那儿，双手在颤抖。 Her glasses broken, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.由于她的眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。 16. “感官动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构 【教材原句】I could see a group of around 20 Brazilian dancers and a band in fancy costumes standing in the street.我看到一群人，其中有大约二十名巴西舞者以及一支乐队，他们身着华丽的服装站在街头。 常用于“感官动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的感官动词有see、watch、observe、hear、feel、notice等。 宾语补足语有三种形式：现在分词(表示动作正在进行)、省略to的不定式(表示动作已经完成或经常发生)和过去分词(表示被动)。 注意 hear/see/watch若用于被动语态，不定式的to要还原。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind. 她觉得心里轻松多了。 I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 几分钟前我看见他离开了。 17. “否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义 【教材原句】Indeed, the whole family could not be happier to be together. 的确,一家人再没有比团团圆圆更高兴的事了。 【句式解构】 (1)“否定词+比较级”结构表示最高级意义，通常译为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”。常用的否定词有no、not、never、nothing、nobody、hardly等。 (2)比较级形式表示最高级意义的其他结构： ①can’t/couldn’t+比较级 ②no, not, nothing, nobody, never等+比较级 ③比较级+ any other+单数名词/any of the+复数名词/all of the other+复数名词。 As far as I'm concerned, nothing is more important than health in our daily life. 就我个人而言，在我们的日常生活中，身体健康最重要。 Jim is not a talented “writer”, but he can create more imaginative stories than any other student in his class. 吉姆不是一个有才华的“作家”，但他比班里任何其他学生都能创作出更多富有想象力的故事。 二、核心语法精讲(过去将来时) 概念：过去将来时描述从过去某一时间看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某个状态。 一、过去将来时的常见结构及其用法 1. would＋动词原形 (1)表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。 He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop.他说他会在车站等我们。 (2)表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用would。 Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us. 每当我们遇到困难时，他总会来帮助我们。 (3)用于虚拟语气中表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟。 If I were you, I would not do that. 要是我是你的话，我就不会那样做。 I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 我希望他今晚能和我一起去看电影。 2. “was/were going to＋动词原形”表示准备、计划做某事，或将要发生某事。 She was not going to do anything that evening. 那天晚上她不准备做任何事。 3. “was/were about to＋动词原形”意为“正要、即将”，表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。常用于句型“be about to do...when...”，表示“正要做……这时……”。 We were about to set out on a trip when it suddenly began to rain heavily. 我们正要出发去旅行，这时突然下起了大雨。 4. “was/were to＋动词原形”表示曾计划做某事，但不表明计划是否被执行；或表示命中注定要发生的事。 I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 我感到紧张，因为我很快就要第一次离开家了。 二、特殊用法 1. go，come，leave，arrive，take off等少数趋向性短暂动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。 I asked her whether she was coming to the party. 我问她是否要来参加晚会。 2. 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中需用一般过去时表示过去将来时。 I didn’t know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know. 我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。 注意：第一个when引导宾语从句，可使用过去将来时；第二个when引导时间状语从句，只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 三、单元写作清单 假定你是李华，请写一篇主题为“How to promote our traditional festivals”的文章，谈谈怎样号召人们传承中国的传统节日和风俗，使中国的传统文化发扬光大。要点如下： 1. 推广中国传统节日的缘由； 2. 推广中国传统节日的方法； 3. 期望看到积极的效果。 注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 1. 话题分析 本单元的写作任务是写一篇推广中国传统节日的文章。写作此类文章要注意的事项为：第一，交代背景和原因并申明推广的目的，人们才会理解和接受，才会自觉地行动。第二，开展怎样的活动，要做哪些事情，要把它的价值和意义表述出来。第三，结尾要写出呼吁者的决心和希望。 2. 写作框架 3. 写作素材 (1)话题词汇 (1)节日介绍 ①date back to/date from　 追溯到 ②originate from/in 起源于 ③be popular with 受……的欢迎 ④be rooted in 根植于 (2)措施 ⑤take measures 采取措施 ⑥call on sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事 ⑦raise the awareness of 提高……的意识 ⑧educate sb. to do sth. 教育某人做某事 (3)意义 ⑨hold on to traditional festivals 保留传统节日 ⑩promote the development of traditional festivals 促进传统节日的发展 inherit cultural heritages 继承文化遗产 (2)话题句式 段首句 ①The Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese New Year, is a very important festival in China. 春节, 也被称为中国新年, 在中国是一个非常重要的节日。 ②As is well known to us all, the Spring Festival/the Mid-Autumn Festival is a festival for reunion. 众所周知, 春节/中秋节是一个团圆的节日。 主体段落句 ①It’s obvious that there are many ways to promote the development of traditional festivals. 很明显, 有很多方式可以促进传统节日的发展。 ②It is surely a good way to promote the development of traditional festivals through the media. 通过媒体促进传统节日的发展无疑是个好办法。 ③It is important for schools to teach students the traditional culture. 对学校来说, 教授学生传统文化是很重要的。 段尾句 ①It’s our duty to promote the development of traditional culture. 促进传统文化的发展是我们的责任。 ②Only in this way can we promote the development of traditional festivals. 只有这样, 我们才能促进传统节日的发展。 (3)范文背诵 Since traditional Chinese festivals are an important part of Chinese culture, they should be well protected and maintained. There are many ways to promote traditional Chinese festivals. Firstly, we should call on our government to list more traditional festivals as national festivals, which can greatly promote the development of traditional festivals. Secondly, it is important for the schools to teach more knowledge about traditional festivals and customs. Only in this way can the younger generation have a better understanding of traditional festivals and customs. In a word, it’s everyone’s duty to protect traditional Chinese festivals for generations to come. I hope everybody will be actively involved in the action. 易错点01 不同的习惯 【易混辨析】custom/habit/practice custom 一般指整个社会、民族、宗教、部落等在长时间内形成的风俗、习惯, 偶尔也指个人的习惯 habit 个人习惯 practice 个人或者社会的“惯常做法, 惯例” 【补偿训练】 选词填空(custom, habit, practice) (1)He has a _______ of closing his eyes when he tells a story. (2)It is a _______ in Britain to drive on the left. (3)This _______ has been handed down since the 18th century. 【答案】(1)habit (2)practice (3)custom 词语 意义及用法 例句 scene “风景，景象”，它侧重指被当作一个整体而看到的自然风景，含有人和人的动作在内。常作可数名词 There were distressing scenes when the earthquake occurred. 地震发生时，常有悲惨的景象。 scenery “风景”，指某一地区总的自然景色，特别是美丽的自然风景，常作不可数名词 The grassland scenery of Tibet is unrivalled. 西藏的草原风景是无与伦比的。 view 指从某一位置所看到的风景、景色，也可以指风景画、风景照 He always sits here and looks at the view. 他总是坐在这里观看景色。 sight 指某一地区值得观看的建筑物、胜地、风景等，常作复数 The Great Wall is one of the sights of the world. 长城是世界名胜之一。 【对点训练】选词填空(scene/scenery/view/sight) ①As he reached the front door, Jack saw a strange ________. ②He photographed a wide range of street ________. ③The beautiful ________ in the mountain attracted all of us. ④One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high building is that you can get a good ________. 【答案】①sight ②scenes ③scenery ④view 易错点02 in addition/ in addition to 【错因辨析】 ordinary 意为“普通的; 平常的”, 指与一般事物的性质标准相同, 强调“平常”而无奇特之处 common 意为“常见的; 普遍的”, 用于指物, 侧重很常见, 不稀奇。强调许多事物具有某种共同点而“不足为奇”。common sense常识 usual 意为“通常的; 惯常的”, 是按照某类人或某个人的常规情况判断, 有“遵循常规”的意味。as usual像往常一样 normal 意为“正常的”, 形容人或物“符合常态或常规” 【对点训练】 选词填空(ordinary, common, usual, normal) 1. ________ soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 2. Yesterday morning he got up earlier than ________, for it was not a (n) ________ day. 3. The number of visitors has been rising steadily since the reopening, despite a sharp decrease compared to ________ years. 4. When you travel in Switzerland, just smile, for smile is really a ________ world language. 【答案】1. Ordinary 2. usual; rdinary 3. normal 4. common 易错点03 occasion 的定语从句的关系词的选择 【错因辨析】occasion后定语从句关系副词的选择 (1)当occasion表示“(特定)时刻”时, 引导词用when。 (2)当occasion表示“(仪式、庆典等)重大场合”时, 引导词用where。 【对点训练】 根据句意填入适当的词。 1. Occasions are quite rare ________ I have time to spend a day with my kids. 2. This is not an occasion for laughter, ________ you must take things seriously. 【答案】1.when 2. where 易错点04 独立主格的结构构成 【错因辨析】 【对点训练】 1. Near the hill there is a small garden, its owner ________(seat) in it playing chess with his friend. 2. Weather ________(permit), we will go for a picnic in the nearby forest park this weekend. 3. Many tourists crowded into the ancient town, most of them ________(admire) the unique local architecture. 4. Erhu was originally known as Huqin, its history ________(date) back to the Tang Dynasty nearly a thousand years ago. 【答案】1. seated 2. permitting 3.admiring 4.dating 一、默写重点单词 1. ________ vi. & vt. 赢得；赚得；获利 2. ________ vt. 代表；为……代言；体现→________ n. 代表；典型人物 adj. 有代表性的；典型的 3. ________ vt. & vi. 装饰；点缀；粉刷，油漆→________ n. 装饰；装饰物 4. ________ n. 印象，感想；影响，效果→________ v. 给……留下深刻印象→________ adj. 给人印象深刻的 5. ________ n. 时刻；时机；特殊场合，盛会→________ adj. 偶然的；偶尔的→________ adv. 偶然；有时候 6. ________ n. 尊重，尊敬；荣幸；荣誉 vt. 尊重，尊敬；给予表扬；信守 7. ________ vt. 促进，推动；促销；提升，晋升→________ n. 促进，推动；促销；晋升 8. ________ vt. 遵守；观察；注意到；庆祝→________ n. 观察；监视 9. ________ adj.先前的，以往的；稍前的→________ adv. 先前地；早先 10. ________ adj.便利的，方便的，省事的；实用的→________ n. 方便，便利；便利设施 【答案】 1. earn 2. represent; representative 3. decorate; decoration 4. impression; impress; impressive 5. occasion; occasional; occasionally 6. honour 7. promote; promotion 8. observe; observation 9. previous; previously 10. convenient; convenience 二、词汇运用 1. A warm self-introduction helps you make a good first ________(印象) on your new classmates on the first day of senior high. 【答案】impression 【详解】句意：热情的自我介绍有助于你在高中第一天给新同学留下良好的第一印象。“印象”对应名词impression；空前有a good first，需用可数名词单数；make a good first impression表示“留下良好的第一印象”。 2. Sam has worked in the company for 20 years; his honesty has ________(使获得) him great respect and admiration. 【答案】earned 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：山姆在这家公司工作了20年，他的诚实使他获得了很多的尊敬和羡慕。分析句意及句子结构可知，此句要用现在完成时，即“have/has+过去分词”结构。故填earned。 3. My experience from the environmental activity held last Sunday is totally different from the ________(以前的) ones. 【答案】previous 【详解】句意：我上周日参加环保活动的经历与以前的完全不同。“以前的”是形容词previous，在句中作定语，修饰代词ones。 4. So far, these traditional stories have been passed down from parent to child over many ________(一代人). 【答案】generations 【详解】句意：迄今为止，这些传统故事已经由父母传给孩子，在众多世代间代代相传。根据汉语提示“一代人”可知对应名词generation；空前有many“许多的”修饰可数名词复数，故空处需用复数形式generations，作宾语。 5. He is trying to find his true ________(身份). 【答案】identity 【详解】句意：他正试图寻找他真实的身份。空处需填名词作动词find的宾语，结合汉语提示“身份”可知，应填名词identity。 6. It is the duty of every citizen to ________(遵守) the traffic regulations to ensure road safety for everyone. 【答案】observe 【详解】句意：每个公民都有责任遵守交通规则，以确保每个人的道路安全。根据汉语提示“遵守”可知，本空应填动词observe，该空位于动词不定式符号to之后，故使用动词原形。 7. The new policy is expected to ________(促进) the development of small businesses in rural areas. 【答案】facilitate/promote/stimulate 【详解】句意：新政策有望促进农村地区小企业的发展。根据提示的汉语，表示“促进”可用promote/stimulate/facilitate，空处位于不定式符号to之后，应使用动词原形。 8. As a player, Lang Ping brought ________(荣誉) and glory to her country. As a coach, she led the China women’s volleyball team to medals at world championships and the Olympics. 【答案】honour/honor 【详解】句意：作为一名球员，郎平为她的国家带来了荣誉和荣耀。作为一名教练，她带领中国女排在世界锦标赛和奥运会上获得奖牌。根据汉语提示“荣誉”可知，应填名词honor或honour，作动词 brought 的宾语，不可数。 9. Most of us ________(观察) much more as children than we do as adults. 【答案】observed 【详解】句意：我们大多数人在孩童时期观察到的东西要比成年时多得多。结合所给汉语可知，表示“观察”用动词observe。根据as children可知，动作发生在过去，需要使用一般过去时。 10. It is c________ to go shopping at present. You can go to the physical stores or do it online. 【答案】convenient/onvenient 【详解】句意：现在购物很方便。你可以去实体店，也可以在网上购物。 根据“You can go to the physical stores or do it online”可知，现在购物很方便，再结合首字母为c可知，空处应用形容词convenient，意为“方便的”，在句中作表语。 三、语法填空 1. Hardly ________ the local villagers ________(settle) the argument when a group of journalists showed up to cover the event. 【答案】had; settled 【详解】句意：当地村民刚一解决这场争端，一群记者就现身来报道这一事件。固定句型“hardly...when...”表示“刚一……就……”，主句通常用过去完成时，且hardly位于句首时主句需部分倒装，结构为“Hardly had + 主语 + done... when + 一般过去时”。所给词settle应变为过去分词settled，助动词用had并提前构成倒装。 2. The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated ________ honour of an ancient poet, Qu Yuan. 【答案】in 【详解】句意：人们庆祝端午节是为了纪念古代诗人屈原。固定搭配in honour of意为“为纪念……”，所以此处为介词in。 3. Her facial expression showed her eagerness ________(observe) the unique festival. 【答案】to observe 【详解】句意：她的面部表情展现出她想要去观摩这个独特节日的渴望。固定搭配eagerness to do sth表示“做某事的渴望”，不定式作后置定语，所以此处为to observe。 4. Acceptance increases peace within us, unlike social media interaction, which ________(promote) self-judgment and other-judgment. 【答案】promotes 【详解】句意：与会促进自我判断和他人判断的社交媒体互动不同，接纳会增加我们内心的平静。本句描述一般情况，应使用一般现在时，which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代先行词social media interaction，所以从句谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式promotes。 5. The head teacher’s speech on the first day left a deep ________(impress) on us. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】impression 【详解】句意：班主任第一天的演讲给我们留下了深刻的印象。本空作left的宾语，用名词形式impression，固定搭配leave a deep impression on sb.“给某人留下深刻印象”。 四、重点句型 1. 难怪里约的人会为这个快乐的时刻请一周的假。 ________________ people from Rio take a week off for this happy occasion. 2.我是如此沉浸在节日派对的狂欢中, 以至于我都没意识到五个小时一眨眼就过去了! so. . . that. . . I was ________________________I hardly noticed five hours fly by! 3.我能看到一群大约有20人左右的巴西舞者和一个穿着奇装异服的乐队站在街上。(动词-ing形式作宾语补足语) I could ________________________________________________ in the street. 4.狂欢节的人潮带着我们穿过不断扩张的人海, 一路上跳舞不停。(动词-ing形式作伴随状语) The Carnival current carried us through the ever-growing sea of people, ________________________. 5. 典礼之后, 到了庆祝的时间了。 After the ceremony, ________________________________________________. 6.的确, 全家人聚在一起是再幸福不过的事情了。(比较级与否定词连用表最高级) Indeed, the whole family ________________________ to be together. 7. 但是, 如今有了高铁, 回趟家对他们来说就方便多了。(make it +adj. /n. +for sb. +to do) However, the high-speed train has ________________________________________________. 8.五个小时的旅途, 他们兴高采烈地聊着天, 心中想的全是甜蜜的家。(独立主格结构) During the five-hour trip, they chatted excitedly with each other, ________________________________. 【答案】 1. No wonder 2. so caught up in the party fever that 3. see a group of around 20 Brazilian dancers and a band in fancy costumes standing 4. dancing all the way 5. it was time for the celebrations 6. could not be happier 7. made it much more convenient for them to go back home 8. their minds full of thoughts about their sweet home 五、课文语法填空 Reading Alex Zhang wrote the travel journal about his 1.________(experience) of attending an Indian wedding ceremony and the Rio Carnival. When he was invited to attend his friend’s sister’s wedding in India, he 2.________(definite) knew it would be an opportunity 3.________(learn) the local culture. 4.________ impressed Alex deeply was that the bridegroom entered 5.________ a beautiful white horse. The couple also joined hands 6.________(walk) around the fire four times. To experience the spirit of the Carnival for himself, he went to 7.________ street party. The Carnival was full of happy and 8.________(excite) moments. Even as he 9.________(lie) in bed that evening, the bright colours and lively music 10.________(be) still swimming all around him. He was really amazed by the first day in Rio. Extended reading Luo Yan and his wife and son travel back to their hometown 1.________ the Spring Festival. Their parents 2.________(decorate) the house beautifully and prepared many delicious dishes. The whole family could not be 3.________(happy) to be together. 4.________ the cold outside, bright smiles fill the air with warmth 5.________ laughter rings throughout the house. 6.________ dinner, the whole family are going to stay up late on the New Year’s Eve. They gather around the TV 7.________(watch) the New Year’s programme, while eating snacks, 8.________(chat) with each other and making dumplings. As midnight 9.________(approach), Luo Yan takes his parents, wife 10.________ son outside to set off firecrackers. 【答案】 Reading 1. experiences 2. definitely 3. to learn 4. What 5. on 6. walking 7. a 8. exciting 9. lay 10. were Extended reading 1. for 2. have decorated 3. happier 4. Despite 5. while 6. After 7. to watch 8. chatting 9. approaches 10. and 六、阅读理解 A The Mid-Autumn Festival, falling on the 15th day of the eighth month, is one of the most important traditional festivals in China. As the moon reaches its fullest and brightest on that night, the festival stands for family reunion(团圆). The history of the Mid-Autumn Festival dates back more than 3,000 years. In ancient times, Chinese rulers held ceremonies where people were together to take a joyful look at the moon in autumn. Later, common people followed this tradition. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that enjoying the moon became a popular activity among common people, and the festival was fixed as an official (官方的) celebration activity during the Song Dynasty. Mooncakes are the most famous food for the festival. They are round, just like the full moon, bringing people’s wishes for family togetherness. People usually eat mooncakes while watching the moon in the open air. Besides mooncakes, families also prepare fruits such as pomelos and grapes for the night. Nowadays, many families still keep the old traditions. However, some young people choose to celebrate the festival in new ways. Some travel with their family and some hang out with friends of their age while others who work far away from home send mooncakes to relatives and friends through online shopping. No matter how people celebrate it, the core meaning of the festival never changes — the love for family and the hope for reunion. 1. What is the core meaning of the Mid-Autumn Festival? A. Love between the older and younger generations. B. Love between men and women. C. Love between parents and children. D. Love between families. 2. When did enjoying the moon become popular among common people? A. In the Tang Dynasty. B. In the Song Dynasty. C. About 3000 years ago. D. In the Han Dynasty. 3. Why do people celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival by eating mooncakes? A. They taste better than other fruits. B. They are cheap and easy to buy. C. Their shape looks like the moon and means family reunion. D. They were officially invented in the Song Dynasty. 4. What is unchanged about the Mid-Autumn Festival nowadays? A. Its core meaning of family reunion. B. The ways young people celebrate it. C. The kinds of mooncakes people eat. D. The online shopping for mooncakes. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文主要介绍了中秋节的起源、传统习俗及其核心意义。 1. 细节理解题。根据第四段“No matter how people celebrate it, the core meaning of the festival never changes — the love for family and the hope for reunion. (无论人们如何庆祝，这个节日的核心意义永远不会改变——对家庭的爱和对团圆的期盼。)”可知，中秋节的核心意义是家庭之间的爱和对团圆的期盼。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“It was not until the Tang Dynasty that enjoying the moon became a popular activity among common people, and the festival was fixed as an official (官方的) celebration activity during the Song Dynasty. (直到唐朝，赏月才成为民间流行的活动，并在宋朝被定为官方庆祝活动。)”可知，赏月是在唐朝开始在民间流行的。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Mooncakes are the most famous food for the festival. They are round, just like the full moon, bringing people’s wishes for family togetherness. (月饼是这个节日最著名的食物。它们是圆的，就像满月一样，承载着人们对家庭团聚的祝愿。)”可知，人们通过吃月饼来庆祝中秋节是因为月饼的形状像月亮，象征着家庭团圆。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段“No matter how people celebrate it, the core meaning of the festival never changes — the love for family and the hope for reunion. (无论人们如何庆祝，这个节日的核心意义永远不会改变——对家庭的爱和对团圆的期盼。)”可知，如今中秋节不变的是其核心意义——家庭团圆。 B I have lived in Chinese cups for centuries. I have risen in morning light, rested between careful fingers, and listened to words that people were too shy to speak aloud. To some, I may seem no more than a drink — something warm, fragrant, and useful. But in China, I have long carried more than flavor. I have carried memory. I still remember one quiet morning in Chengdu. Before lunch, two students sat with their foreign teacher in Daci Temple. They warmed the cups, poured in hot water, and then let the first round of tea flow away. The teacher was puzzled and asked why. The students hesitated, as if the answer was too familiar to explain. Their parents did it, they said, and their grandparents had done the same before them. At that moment, I was not merely being prepared. I was helping the past enter the present through a simple movement of the hand. I remember, too, a small studio in Quanzhou, where a couple shaped porcelain teapots and cups so fine that light almost passed through them. When a visitor stepped inside, they did not rush to talk about prices. Instead, they invited him to sit down and share me. Steam rose slowly between them. Then came stories of life, family, travel and dreams. I said nothing, yet I made the silence comfortable. Around a small tea table, strangers found a way to become friends. In many places, I am treated as useful. I wake people up, calm them down, or warm their hands on cold days. But in China, I have learned to do something quieter and deeper. I appear at family tables, in old temples, and between people meeting for the first time. I carry respect without ceremony. I hold affection without direct words. Even when I am served casually, I often carry feelings that people do not need to name. So the next time you see steam rising from a cup of tea, do not think I am silent. I am speaking in my own gentle way. I am telling you that some of life’s deepest connections are not built through grand events, but through small acts repeated with care, generation after generation. 5. What does the students’ tea-making act in Daci Temple mainly show? A. Their concern about tea quality. B. Their respect for a family tradition. C. Their knowledge of temple rules. D. Their wish to impress the foreign teacher. 6. What can we learn from the story in Quanzhou? A. Tea can help create friendly conversations. B. Porcelain teapots are more valuable than tea. C. Visitors usually buy tea sets after drinking tea. D. Business talks are common in Chinese tea culture. 7. Which of the following best describes the tea in the text? A. Formal and powerful. B. Practical and distant. C. Proud and mysterious. D. Gentle and connecting. 8. What is the best title for the text? A. The Art of Making Chinese Tea B. Tea: A Silent Bridge in China C. Tea: A Symbol of Chinese Tradition D. Why Chinese Tea Tastes Better 【答案】5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 【导语】文章以茶的自述口吻，讲述了茶在中国文化中所承载的情感记忆与社交联结作用，展现其超越饮品本身的文化意义。 5. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The students hesitated, as if the answer was too familiar to explain. Their parents did it, they said, and their grandparents had done the same before them.(学生们犹豫了，好像这个答案太过熟悉，反而不知道该如何解释。他们说，他们的父母这样做，他们的祖父母在他们之前也这样做。)”可知，学生们在寺庙里泡茶时倒掉第一泡茶的行为，是模仿家中长辈代代相传的做法，这主要体现了他们对家庭传统的尊重。 6. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Instead, they invited him to sit down and share me. Steam rose slowly between them. Then came stories of life, family, travel and dreams. I said nothing, yet I made the silence comfortable. Around a small tea table, strangers found a way to become friends.(相反，他们邀请他坐下来一起喝茶。蒸汽在他们之间缓缓升起。然后是生活、家庭、旅行和梦想的故事。我什么都没说，却让沉默变得舒适。在一张小茶桌旁，陌生人找到了成为朋友的方式。)”可知，在泉州的故事里，茶让店主和来访者从陌生人变成了朋友，创造了友好的交谈氛围，由此可推断出茶有助于促成友好的对话。 7. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Instead, they invited him to sit down and share me. Steam rose slowly between them. Then came stories of life, family, travel and dreams. I said nothing, yet I made the silence comfortable. Around a small tea table, strangers found a way to become friends.(相反，他们邀请他坐下来一起喝茶。蒸汽在他们之间缓缓升起。然后是生活、家庭、旅行和梦想的故事。我什么都没说，却让沉默变得舒适。在一张小茶桌旁，陌生人找到了成为朋友的方式。)”以及最后一段“I am speaking in my own gentle way. I am telling you that some of life’s deepest connections are not built through grand events, but through small acts repeated with care, generation after generation.(我在用自己温柔的方式说话。我想告诉你，生活中一些最深刻的联结不是通过宏大的事件建立的，而是通过一代又一代人用心重复的小行为。)”可知，文中描述的茶自带温柔的特质，无需隆重仪式，却能传递尊重与情意，搭建人与人之间的联结，可推理出茶是温柔且具有联结作用的。 8. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“But in China, I have long carried more than flavor. I have carried memory.(但在中国，我长久以来承载的不只是味道。我还承载着记忆。)”和第三段“Around a small tea table, strangers found a way to become friends.(在一张小茶桌旁，陌生人找到了成为朋友的方式。)”以及最后一段“I am telling you that some of life’s deepest connections are not built through grand events, but through small acts repeated with care, generation after generation. (我想说，人生中一些最深厚的羁绊，从来不是靠轰轰烈烈的大事铸就，而是源于代代相传、用心坚持的细碎日常。)”可知，全文围绕茶在中国文化中作为无声的媒介，连接过去与现在、连接人与人之间情感的主题展开。B项“Tea: A Silent Bridge in China(茶：中国无声的桥梁)”表达的含义适合用作本文标题。 七、完形填空 As a child in a small town in the Northeast U.S., spring didn’t mean much to me. We had a week off from school, but it was just a 1 , not a celebration of spring. For the kids in our neighborhood, the arrival of spring was a 2 . We only cared about winter for skating, and summer for the beach. Spring and autumn were just in-between times, waiting for the 3 to start again. Eventually, I started to 4 spring more, especially after hearing the famous 5 from poet Alfred Lord Tennyson: “In the spring, a young man’s fancy turns to thoughts of love.” But even then, it wasn’t the season itself that 6 my attention — it was the other things that came with it. Everything changed when I moved to China. I 7 my first Spring Festival in Beijing, and it could hardly be 8 . What stood out most for me was that the city seemed 9 , with no crowds or cars on the streets. I was 10 until my coworkers explained that during the Spring Festival, many people travel to 11 families in their hometown, and that many Beijingers are not 12 from the city. I also got my first 13 of something about the Spring Festival that 14 me — there seems to be an almost overnight improvement in the weather around the festival. I can’t 15 how the ancient Chinese could create a system for predicting (预测) the arrival of spring. But they did. 1. A. vacation B. lifestyle C. promise D. replacement 2. A. non-parent B. non-user C. non-event D. non-starter 3. A. limit B. place C. reply D. fun 4. A. appreciate B. describe C. dislike D. affect 5. A. music B. line C. joke D. voice 6. A. avoided B. noticed C. caught D. forgot 7. A. organized B. experienced C. reported D. compared 8. A. ignored B. recorded C. treasured D. dropped 9. A. crowded B. familiar C. empty D. restless 10. A. lonely B. confused C. warm D. satisfied 11. A. honor B. drive C. call D. visit 12. A. originally B. silently C. falsely D. readily 13. A. amount B. knowledge C. outbreak D. process 14. A. backed B. calmed C. amazed D. cheated 15. A. depend on B. focus on C. put out D. figure out 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D 【导语】文章讲述了作者从小在美国东北部小镇长大，对春天毫无特殊感知，移居中国后第一次体验春节，逐渐对“春”产生全新认知的过程，传递出不同文化背景下对季节、节日的感知差异，以及对中国传统节气智慧的赞叹。 1. 考查名词。句意：学校会放一周假，但那仅仅只是一段假期，算不上一场迎接春天的庆典。A. vacation假期；B. lifestyle生活方式；C. promise承诺；D. replacement替代。根据上文“We had a week off from school”可知，一周停课休息就是假期。 2. 考查名词。句意：对于街坊邻里的孩子们来说，春天的到来根本算不上什么大事。A. non-parent非家长；B. non-user非用户；C. non-event无关紧要的小事；D. non-starter无成功希望的事。根据下文“We only cared about winter for skating, and summer for the beach”可知，孩子们只在意冬夏的玩乐，春天完全不受重视。 3. 考查名词。句意：春天和秋天不过是两段过渡时节，静静等待有趣的时节再度来临。A. limit限制；B. place地点；C. reply回复；D. fun乐趣。根据上文“We only cared about winter for skating, and summer for the beach”可知，冬天滑冰、夏天去海边是孩子们觉得有意思的事，春秋只是等候欢乐重启的快乐。 4. 考查动词。句意：后来我慢慢学会欣赏春天，特别是听闻了诗人丁尼生的著名诗句后：“春天，年轻人的幻想总会悄悄转变为情思。”。A. appreciate欣赏；B. describe描述；C. dislike讨厌；D. affect影响。根据下文““In the spring, a young man’s fancy turns to thoughts of love.””可知，下文提到作者接触到和春天相关的诗句，对春天的态度从之前的不在意转向正向的欣赏。 5. 考查名词。句意：后来我慢慢学会欣赏春天，特别是听闻了诗人丁尼生的著名诗句后：“春天，年轻人的幻想总会悄悄转变为情思。”。A. music音乐；B. line诗句；台词；C. joke玩笑；D. voice嗓音。根据下文““In the spring, a young man’s fancy turns to thoughts of love.””可知，直接引用的是诗人的经典诗句，line可用来指代诗歌中的一行内容。 6. 考查动词。句意：但即便在那时，吸引我目光的也并非春天这个季节本身，而是伴随春天而来的其他事物。A. avoided避免；B. noticed注意到；C. caught抓住；D. forgot忘记。根据下文“it was the other things that came with it.”可知，吸引作者目光的不是春天本身，固定搭配catch one’s attention表示“吸引某人的注意力”。 7. 考查动词。句意：我在北京第一次体验春节，这段经历很难被忽视。A. organized组织；B. experienced体验；C. reported报道；D. compared对比。根据上文“As a child in a small town in the Northeast U.S.,”可知，作者作为旅居中国的外国人，是第一次亲身体验春节。 8. 考查动词。句意：我在北京第一次体验春节，这段经历很难被忽视。A. ignored忽视；B. recorded记录；C. treasured珍惜；D. dropped使落下。根据下文“What stood out most for me was that ”可知，这是很难被忽视的经历。 9. 考查形容。句意：最让我印象深刻的是这座城市似乎变空了，街上没有人群也没有车辆。A. crowded拥挤的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. empty空旷的；D. restless不安的。根据下文“no crowds or cars on the streets”可知，街道上无人无车，城市显得空旷。 10. 考查形容词。句意：我满心疑惑，直到同事向我解释：春节期间，许多人踏上归途，回老家与家人团聚，很多在北京生活的人原本就不是来自这座城市。A. lonely孤独的；B. confused困惑的；C. warm温暖的；D. satisfied满意的。根据上文“As a child in a small town in the Northeast U.S.,”可知，作者作为外国人，不了解春节空城的习俗，看到反常景象自然会感到困惑。 11. 考查动词。句意：我满心疑惑，直到同事向我解释：春节期间，许多人踏上归途，回老家与家人团聚，很多在北京生活的人原本就不是来自这座城市。A. honor致敬；B. drive驾驶；C. call打电话；D. visit拜访。根据上文“during the Spring Festival”可知，春节的传统习俗是返乡探望家人。 12. 考查副词。句意：我满心疑惑，直到同事向我解释：春节期间，许多人踏上归途，回老家与家人团聚，很多在北京生活的人原本就不是来自这座城市。A. originally原本；B. silently沉默地；C. falsely错误地；D. readily轻易地。此处解释春节空城的另一个原因：很多在北京生活的人原籍不在北京，春节会返乡。 13. 考查名词。句意：我也第一次了解到一件令我惊叹不已和春节相关的事：节日前后，天气几乎一夜之间回暖。A. amount数量；B. knowledge认知，了解；C. outbreak爆发；D. process过程。根据上一段“my first Spring Festival in Beijing”可知，作者此前完全不了解相关内容，第一次获得了关于春节的新知识。 14. 考查动词。句意：我也第一次了解到一件令我惊叹不已和春节相关的事：节日前后，天气几乎一夜之间回暖。A. backed支持；B. calmed使平静；C. amazed使惊叹；D. cheated欺骗。根据下文“ there seems to be an almost overnight improvement in the weather around the festival”可知，节日前后，天气几乎一夜之间回暖，这让作者感到十分惊奇。 15. 考查动词短语。句意：我无法弄明白，古人是如何创造出一套能够预判春天来临的历法体系，但他们的确做到了。A. depend on依赖；B. focus on聚焦；C. put out扑灭；D. figure out弄明白、理解。根据第一段“As a child in a small town in the Northeast U.S.,”可知，作者作为外国人，难以理解中国古人的节气智慧。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $