Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册创新导学案word（译林版2020）

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading The wonder of literature 文学的惊叹 A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear. 一个孩子和一个男人正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一个贝壳，把它贴在耳朵上。 Suddenly he heard strange, low, musical sounds. 突然，他听到了奇怪的、低沉的、悦耳的声音。 These sounds seemed to be from another world and the child listened to them with wonder. 这些声音似乎来自另一个世界，孩子惊奇地听着。 ●Then the man explained that the child heard nothing strange, and that the shell caught a range of sounds too faint for human ears. 然后这个男人解释说孩子没有听到什么奇怪的声音，只不过是贝壳捕捉到的声音对人的耳朵来说太微弱了而已。 What amazed the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old. 使孩子感到惊奇的不是一个新世界，而是古老的、不为人注意的音乐。 词句自测 ①literature n. 文学，文学作品 ②shell n. 贝壳；壳 ③两个that都引导宾语从句，作动词explained的宾语。 Some such experience as this lies in store for us when we begin the study of literature. 当我们开始学习文学时，就会有这样一些体验等着我们。 Let a little song appeal to the ear, or a great book to the heart, and we discover a new world, a world of dreams and magic. 让一首歌入耳，或让一本好书触动心灵，我们就会发现一个新世界，一个充满梦想和魔力的世界。 To enter and enjoy this new world, we need to love literature, and make an effort to explain it. 为了进入和享受这个新世界，我们需要热爱文学，并努力去解释它。 词句自测 ④in__store__(for__sb) 即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人) ⑤appeal vi. 有吸引力；申诉；呼吁　n. 吸引力；申诉；呼吁 Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race are the natural and social environments. 每一本书的背后都是一个人，人的背后是种族，而种族的背后是自然和社会环境。 We must know all these, if the book is to speak its whole message. 如果这本书要讲出它的全部信息，我们必须知道所有这些。 ●In a word, we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature. 总之，我们现在已经到了想要欣赏和理解文学的地步。 The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities. 第一步是确定它的一些重要特性。 词句自测 ⑥determine vt. 确定；支配；决心　vi. 决心 ⑦significant adj. 有重要意义的，显著的 ⑧where引导定语从句，修饰表抽象地点的先行词a point。 The first quality of literature is its description of truth and beauty. 文学的首要特质是对真和美的描写。 ●Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. 有些真和美一直被忽视，直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意，就像贝壳反映了那些被忽视的声音一样。 词句自测 ⑨description n. 描述，形容，说明 ⑩sensitive adj. 感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的 ⑪soul n. 灵魂；心性，内心 ⑫reflect vt.& vi. 反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思 ⑬连词until引导时间状语从句；as引导方式状语从句。 A hundred men may pass a field and see only dead grass; but a poet stops, looks deeper, sees truth and beauty, and writes, “Yesterday's flowers am I．” 一百个人可能经过一片田野，看到的只是枯草；但一个诗人却停下来，往更深的地方看，看到了真与美，然后写下：“昨日我曾是鲜花。” One who reads it is capable of seeing the beauty that was hidden from his eyes before. 一个读过它的人能够看到以前隐藏在他的眼睛里的美。 词句自测 ⑭capable adj. 有能力，有才能；能力强的 The second quality of literature is its appeal to our feelings and imagination. 文学的第二个特质是它对我们的情感和想象的吸引。 Its attraction lies more in what it awakens in us than what it says. 它的吸引力更多地在于它唤醒了我们什么，而不是它说了什么。 ●When Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faustus asks in the presence of Helen, “Was this the face that launched a thousand ships？” he opens a door through which our imagination enters a new world, a world of love, beauty and heroism. 当克里斯托弗·马洛笔下的浮士德博士在海伦面前问道：“这就是让千艘船起航的那张脸吗？”他打开了一扇门，通过它，我们的想象力进入了一个新世界，一个充满爱、美丽和英雄主义的世界。 词句自测 ⑮awaken vt.& vi. 唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来 ⑯launch vt. 使(船)下水；开始从事，发动 ⑰连词when引导时间状语从句；through which为“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，修饰先行词a door。 ●The third quality of literature, coming out of the other two, is its permanence. 文学的第三个特质，来自于另外两个特质，是它的永恒性。 To achieve this, it should contain two elements: universal interest and personal style. 要做到这一点，它应该包含两个要素：普遍的兴趣和个人风格。 Good literature reflects the most basic of human nature—love and hate, joy and sadness, fear and hope. 优秀的文学作品反映了最基本的人性——爱与恨、喜与悲、恐惧与希望。 It also takes on a personal style—no writer can describe human life without reflecting his own life and experiences. 它也具有一种个人风格，没有哪个作家能在描述人类生活时不反映他自己的生活和经历。 词句自测 ⑱permanence n. 永久，持久性 ⑲contain vt. 包含，含有，容纳 ⑳element n. 要素，基本部分 universal adj. 普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的 coming out of the other two为现在分词形式作后置定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 ●In summary, literature is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty, the written record of man's thoughts and feelings, and the history of the human soul. 总之，文学是以真和美的形式表达生命，是人类思想和感情的书面记录，是人类灵魂的历史。 (Adapted from William J. Long's English Literature: Its History and Its Significance for the Life of the English­Speaking World) (节选自威廉·J.朗恩的《英语文学：历史及其对英语世界生活的意义》) 词句自测 summary n. 总结，概括，概要 in__summary 总的来说 本句是简单句，连词and连接并列名词，作系动词is的表语。 1 devote oneself to 致力，专心，献身(教材P43) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①The original intention was to devote three months to the project. 最初的计划是在这个项目上投入三个月的时间。 ②She gladly gave up her part­time job to devote herself entirely to her art. 她欣然辞去了兼职工作，全身心地投入到她的艺术中去。 ③They are devoted to their children. 他们深爱着自己的孩子。 ④Her devotion to the job left her with very little free time. 她全身心投入工作，几乎没有闲暇。 名师点津 与devote/devoted搭配的to都是介词，后接名词或动名词。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Leslie Nielsen's ________ (devote) to acting is wonderfully inspiring. ②In the future, I will be a good doctor to heal the wounded and rescue the dying, devoting ________ (my) to my work. ③He loves (the) students and is ________ (devote) to his work. ④Jane devoted herself to ________ (observe) chimps for over fifty years. 答案：①devotion　②myself　③devoted　④observing (2)一句多译 杰基自从大学毕业以来一直致力于志愿工作。 Jackie ________________________ voluntary work ever since he graduated from college. ＝Jackie ________________________ voluntary work ever since he graduated from college. 答案：has been devoted to; has devoted himself to 2 A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.(教材P44) 一个孩子和一个男人正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一个贝壳，把它贴在耳朵上。 剖析 be doing sth when ... “正在做某事，这时……”。 归纳 拓展 ①I was thinking of this when I heard my name called. 我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。 ②He was on the point of saying something when the phone rang. 他正要说话时电话铃响了。 名师点津 此类句型中when是并列连词，不可用其他连词代替。 (1)单句语法填空 ①My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags ________ a stranger came up to her. ②We were about to start ________ it began to rain. 答案：①when　②when (2)单句表达 ①就在去年，我正在主持一个研讨会，突然有人敲门。 Just last year, I ________________________________ someone knocked at the door. ②他刚读完这本书，晚饭开始了。 He ______________________________ supper was served. 答案：①was conducting a workshop when　②had just finished the book when 3 appeal vi. 有吸引力；申诉；呼吁　 n. 吸引力；申诉；呼吁(教材P44) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups. 设计得要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。 ②He appealed to voters to go to the polls tomorrow. 他呼吁选民们明天去投票站。 ③The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm. 警方呼吁公众保持镇静。 ④Village life seems to be more appealing. 乡村生活似乎更吸引人。 名师点津 “引人注目的，吸引人的”其他表达有：attractive, charming, eye­catching, absorbing, fascinating。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The procedure appealed ________ the staff a lot when it was introduced in January. ②Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty ________ (appeal)． ③The Prime Minister appealed to young people ________ (use) their vote. 答案：①to　②appealing　③to use (2)一句多译 关于我们老师的消息对我来说很有吸引力。 News about our instructor was __________________________． ＝News about our instructor was ______________________________． 答案：appealing enough to me; making an enough appeal to me 4 Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race are the natural and social environments. (教材P44) 每一本书的背后都是一个人，人的背后是种族，而种族的背后是自然和社会环境。 剖析 Behind every book is a man为完全倒装句。 归纳 拓展 ①Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. 我请他们自己试一试的时刻接着到来了。 ②Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his gun at him. 手枪瞄准那个罪犯时，他从三楼跳了下去。 ③There are two people waiting outside. 有两个人正在外面等候。 名师点津 当主语是代词时，句子则不用完全倒装。 Look at the little dog! Here it runs. 看那条小狗！它跑过来了。 单句表达 ①窗户边坐着一位年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。 By the window ____________________ with a magazine in his hand. ②一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。 Buried in the sands ______________________． 答案：①sat a young man　②was an ancient village 5 determine vt. 确定；支配；决心　 vi. 决心(教材P44) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①An inquiry was set up to determine the cause of the accident. 已展开调查以确定事故原因。 ②He determined to rescue his two countrymen. 他决心要援救他的两位同胞。 ③I'm determined to succeed. 我决心要获得成功。 ④We must take into our own hands the determination of our future. 我们必须将我们未来的决定权掌握在自己手中。 名师点津 determined to do sth常以状语形式出现，类似结构还有：faced with, satisfied with, lost in, caught in, absorbed in, devoted to, buried in, convinced that ... 等。 (1)单句语法填空 ①He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and ________ (determine)． ②Driven by heaven­knows­what motives, he determines ________ (write) a book. ③________ (determine) to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”． 答案：①determination　②to write　③Determined (2)一句多译 然而，我还是决定要继续下去。 Yet, I ________________________ ahead. ＝Yet, I ____________________ ahead. 答案：was determined to go; determined to go 6 significant adj. 有重要意义的，显著的(教材P44) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①The amount of hazardous waste going into landfills has a significant drop in recent years. 近年来，进入垃圾填埋场的危险废物数量显著下降。 ②Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance. 现如今，旅游业在经济和社会两方面的重要性上都有了显著的提升。 ③It is impossible to overestimate the significance of this major discovery. 对这次重大发现的意义怎样高估都不过分。 ④The proposals they put forward at the meeting were of little significance. 他们在会上提出的建议无足轻重。 (1)单句语法填空 ①This was a ________ (significance) difference between calls and gestures. ②At first, it is of ________ (significant) to fully understand the school. ③However, they took ________ (significant) more when the actor was thin. 答案：①significant　②significance　③significantly (2)一句多译 作为一个孩子，艾德琳不能理解为什么奖牌如此重要。 As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal ____________________． ＝As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal ____________________． 答案：was so significant; was of such significance 7 description n. 描述，形容，说明(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①He gave a detailed description of his visit to London in the email. 他在电子邮件中详细描述了他的伦敦之行。 ②The beauty of the sunset here is beyond description. 这里的日落之美难以形容。 ③Jim was described by his colleagues as “unusual”. 吉姆被同事们称为“不寻常”的人。 ④The term I used was meant to be purely descriptive. 我所用的措辞是纯叙述性的。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid ________ (describe) of the purest of Central Asian traditions. ②The Beatles were described ________ a British invasion (入侵) by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. 答案：①description　②as (2)单句表达 在去西藏的旅途中，我觉得风景美得无法形容。 On the journey to Tibet, I felt that the scenery was beautiful ________________． 答案：beyond description 8 sensitive adj. 感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①Employment is a very sensitive issue. 就业是一个非常敏感的问题。 ②She is very sensitive to other people's feelings. 她很能体谅他人的感情。 ③He's very sensitive about his weight. 他很忌讳别人说他胖。 ④The abuse of women needs to be treated seriously and sensitively. 虐待妇女问题需要严肃而认真地处理。 ⑤A good relationship involves concern and sensitivity for each other's feelings. 一段美满的恋情需要彼此关心并体恤对方的情感。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The elderly need special care in winter, as they are very sensitive ________ the sudden changes in the weather. ②Painting from still images leads to a loss of ________ (sensitive), which is vital to an artist. 答案：①to　②sensitivity (2)单句表达 她对别人的看法很敏感。 She ________________ what people think of her. 答案：is sensitive to 9 reflect vt.& vi. 反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①The windows reflected the bright afternoon sunlight. 窗户反射着午后明媚的阳光。 ②Before I decide, I need time to reflect. 在作出决定以前，我需要时间认真考虑考虑。 ③His face was reflected in the mirror. 他的脸映照在镜子里。 ④It will give people time to reflect on what you've just said. 这样会给人们时间来认真思考你刚才说的话。 (1)单句语法填空 ①She was extremely pretty, and her house was a ________ (reflect) of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order. ②He was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected ________ the water. ③I reflect ________ how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week. 答案：①reflection　②in　③on (2)单句表达 城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。 A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ______________________________________. 答案：reflecting man's intelligence and creativity 10 capable adj. 有能力，有才能；能力强的(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①You are capable of better work than this. 你有能力做得比这更好。 ②Animals in the zoo have lost the capability to catch/of catching food for themselves. 动物园的动物已经丧失自己捕食的能力。 名师点津 “能做某事”的表达还有：be able to do sth; have the ability to do sth。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Most living creatures are capable ________ adaptation when forced to do so. ②The country needs a defence ________ (capable) as insurance against the unexpected. ③It was all dealt with very ________ (capable) by the police and security people. 答案：①of　②capability　③capably (2)单句表达 他的腿现在可以完全伸展了。 His leg is now ______________ full extension. 答案：capable of 11 permanence n. 永久，持久性(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 ①The spoken word is immediate but lacks permanence. 口头之言便捷，但缺乏持久性。 ②The accident has not done any permanent damage. 那场事故没有造成什么永久性损伤。 ③The stroke left his right side permanently damaged. 中风使他的右半身永久受损。 (1)单句语法填空 The masterpiece “Guernica”， painted by Picasso, is ________ (permanence) exhibited in Madrid. 答案：permanently (2)单句表达 名誉和财富吸引人，但它们永远不会给你永久的幸福。 Fame and wealth can be attractive, but at no time will they ______________________________． 答案：give you permanent happiness 12 contain vt. 包含，含有，容纳(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 ①This drink doesn't contain any alcohol. 这种饮料不含任何酒精。 ②The metal container began to emit a clicking sound. 金属容器开始发出咔嗒咔嗒的声音。 易混辨析：contain/include contain 表示所含之物的全部或一部分；侧重于所含有的数量或成分；既可指具体有形的东西，也可指无形的东西。contain不用于进行时态 include 侧重指范围，其主语和宾语属于同类；是整体和部分的关系。常使用“including＋被包括部分”或“被包括部分＋included”的结构 [图形助记] ①I found an envelope containing a hundred­dollar bill on my way home. 回家的路上我发现了一个装有一张一百美元的信封。 ②The trip has been extended to include a few other events. 行程已经延长以包括其他几项活动。 (1)选词填空(contain/include) ①Our tour also ________ a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. ②We are still missing a lot of the information ________ in their gestures and action. 答案：①includes　②contained (2)单句表达 他建议她做一些研究，并和牙医谈谈更健康的糖果应该含有什么。 He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what ____________________________. 答案：a healthier candy would contain 13 universal adj. 普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①The desire to look attractive is universal. 爱美之心人皆有之。 ②The theory does not apply universally. 这个理论并非放之四海而皆准。 单句表达 严重的气候变化需要紧急措施和普遍关注。 The serious climate change requires urgent measures and ________________． 答案：universal attention 14 summary n. 总结，概括，概要(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①The following is a summary of our conclusions. 现将我们的几点结论综述如下。 ②In summary, this was a disappointing performance. 总的来说，这场演出令人失望。 ③The results of the research are summarized at the end of the chapter. 在这一章末尾对研究结果作了总结。 名师点津 与in summary同义的短语有： to sum up, in a word, in conclusion, on the whole, all in all, in short。 (1)句型转换 In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand­written note from someone far away. →__________________， he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand­written note from someone far away. →__________________， he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand­written note from someone far away. 答案：In summary; To summarize (2)单句表达 ①有些学生的论文中没有包含一个简短的摘要。 Some students didn't __________________________ included in their essays. ②总之，他是一个有责任感的人。 ______________， he is a person with a sense of duty. 答案：①get a brief summary　②In summary 15 feature n. 特色，特征　vt. 以……为特色，是……的特征(教材P47) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①Teamwork is a key feature of the training programme. 团队合作是这项训练计划的重要特点。 ②The film features Cary Grant as a professor. 这部电影由加里·格兰特饰演一位教授。 单句表达 这个房间仍然保留着许多原有的特色。 The room still has many of its ______________． 答案：original features 16 draw on 凭借，利用(教材P47) 归纳 拓展 ①The novelist draws heavily on her personal experiences. 这位小说家大量取材于她的个人经历。 ②They agreed to establish a working party to draw up a formal agreement. 他们同意成立一个工作组来起草一份正式协议。 ③She will never draw back what she has promised. 她决不会收回已作出的许诺。 (1)用draw的相关短语填空 ①Drawing ________ his years of experience in the business, he came up a novel idea for increasing sales. ②Christmas Day is drawing ________ and the children can't wait to receive gifts. ③You should draw ________ a plan or outline for the essay. 答案：①on/upon　②near　③up (2)单句表达 ①小男孩故意哭以引起他母亲的注意。 The little boy cried on purpose to __________________________． ②从报告中，我们可以得出这样的结论：他确实是一位生物学专家。 From the report, we can ____________________ that he is really an expert in biology. 答案：①draw his mother's attention　②draw a conclusion 17 specific adj. 特定的；明确的，具体的(教材P47) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①The disease seems to be specific to certain types of plant. 这种病似乎只发生在某些类型的植物上。 ②To be specific, I do system analysis and provide software support. 确切地说，我做系统分析以及提供软件方面的支持。 ③Remember to specify your size when ordering clothes. 订购服装时记着要详细说明你要的尺码。 ④The house has been built exactly to our specifications. 房子完全是按照我们的工程设计书建造的。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The regulations ________ (specific) that calculators may not be used in the examination. ②I ________ (specific) told you not to go near the water! ③Send your resume with a cover letter that is specific ________ that particular job. 答案：①specify　②specifically　③to (2)单句表达 为了确保我们所有人的健康，她为我们制定了详细的计划。 In order to make sure all of us are in good health, she ________________________ for us. 答案：makes specific plans Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．That's what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy ________ (特色)． 答案：features 2．There was a feeling of restlessness deep in her ________ (内心)． 答案：soul 3．Physical fitness has now become an important ________ (要素) in our lives. 答案：element 4．I was amazed at her knowledge of French ________ (文学). 答案：literature 5．This suitcase is small and handy, and ________ (因此) easy to carry. 答案：therefore 6．China seeks to facilitate access to strategic resources such as vaccines in the c________ of the pandemic. 答案：context 7．What's more, the traditional Chinese dress can't r________ the unique culture of our school. 答案：reflect 8．And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not d________ the appearance of genius. 答案：determine 9．At midnight he a________ and listened to the radio for a few minutes. 答案：awoke 10．This is a big i________； we need more time to think about it. 答案：issue Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The students are asked to write a brief ________ (describe), no more than 80 words. 答案：description 2．Puzzle play was found to be a ________ (significance) predictor of cognition (认知)． 答案：significant 3．Education should be a ________ (universally) right and not a privilege. 答案：universal 4．He was very sensitive ________ any change, so he was sure someone must have entered his room. 答案：to 5．I suggest you go to the separate room ________ (specific) reserved for smokers. 答案：specifically 6．They determined ________ (figure) out what was wrong with the machines. 答案：to figure 7．Being a ________ (capability) woman, Nancy refuses to be considered as merely as a housewife. 答案：capable 8．Kazakh (哈萨克斯坦) Ambassador to China said Kazakhstan and China are good neighbors and ________ (permanence) comprehensive strategic partners. 答案：permanent 9．In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal ________ a mass audience. 答案：to 10．A man's moustache is the hair that grows on his ________ (up) lip. 答案：upper Ⅲ.单句表达 1．我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。 I ______________________________ I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. 答案：was driving down to London when 2．这位年轻的女士致力于教育聋哑儿童，几乎没有时间照顾她自己的女儿。 ____________________________ the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter. 答案：Devoting herself to teaching 3．总之，如果我们继续忽视这个问题，更多的问题会出现。 ______________， if we continue to ignore the issue, more problems will come up. 答案：In summary 4．他最后利用信中的一首古诗完美地表达了自己的想法。 He finally expressed his idea perfectly by ____________ an ancient poem in the letter. 答案：drawing on 5．在学校门口站着一个他从未见过的女孩。 At the school gate __________________ he had never seen before. 答案：stood a girl 课后课时作业(一) Ⅰ　完形填空 Lottie Mills, a student at the University of Cambridge, won BBC Young Writers' Award and she was congratulated for her entry (参赛作品) “The Changeling” at the virtual award ceremony. It was a(n) __1__ story. Upset about how difference, __2__ when it comes to disability, is described in novels, Lottie was inspired by “otherhood” and aimed to __3__ a positive state of mind. “The Changeling” __4__ myth (神话) into magical and wonderful __5__ of a girl's powerful coming of age. Lottie said, “As a disabled person, my stories quite often __6__ ideas of otherhood, based on __7__ who are deserted by their society in some way or another.” “I had been __8__ fairy­related­myths for university essay (论文) and when I came across the idea of changeling, it really stuck in my __9__. I really wanted to write a story which would show the __10__ of disabled people, rather than describe them as disadvantaged and in need of ‘fixing’ as so many stories do.” Now Lottie is writing her first novel, a children's book. __11__ she knows how life­changing the right story can be, she __12_ to become an author. Lottie beat off fierce __13__ from four finalists. Kate Thisteton, BBC RI presenter and chair of the Young Writers' Award judges, said, “We were blown away by ‘The Changeling’. It's simply __14__. I love the way it uses fairy mythology to tell a story about difference, disability and acceptance. I'm so happy Lottie won and is considering a job as an author after being __15__ by the Young Writers' Award.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。剑桥大学的学生Lottie Mills(洛蒂·米尔斯)获得了BBC青年作家奖，在网上颁奖典礼上，她凭借《低能者》获得了人们的祝贺。文章介绍了她创造这本小说的灵感来源以及评委对她和这部小说的评价。 1．A.frightening B．satisfying C．inspiring D．amusing 答案：C　frightening “令人恐惧的”；satisfying “令人满意的”；inspiring “鼓舞人心的”；amusing “有趣的”。根据下文“a positive state of mind”可推断，这是一个鼓舞人心的故事。故选C。 2．A.particularly B．basically C．generally D．finally 答案：A　particularly “尤其，特别”；basically “基本上”；generally “通常”；finally “终于”。根据语境可知，小说中描述了差异，尤其是残疾方面的差异。故选A。 3．A.educate B．exercise C．observe D．advocate 答案：D　educate “教育”；exercise “锻炼”；observe “观察”；advocate “提倡”。这部小说旨在倡导一种积极的心态。故选D。 4．A.divided B．transformed C．threw D．absorbed 答案：B　divide “分开”；transform “转换”；throw “扔”；absorb “吸收”。根据下文“myth (神话) into magical and wonderful __5__ of a girl's powerful coming of age”可知，《低能者》将神话变成了一个女孩成长的神奇而精彩的故事。故选B。 5．A.tale B．idea C．topic D．dream 答案：A　tale “故事”；idea “想法”；topic “话题”；dream “梦想”。根据下文“my stories quite often”可知，这本书把神话变成了故事。故选A。 6．A.turn on B．call on C．focus on D．put on 答案：C　turn on “打开”；call on “拜访”；focus on “集中于”；put on “穿上”。根据上文中的“Lottie was inspired by ‘otherhood’”可知，Lottie受到了另类教育的启发，所以她的故事往往集中在另类教育的想法。故选C。 7．A.artists B．strangers C．performers D．characters 答案：D　artist “艺术家”；stranger “陌生人”；performer “表演者”；character “人物，性格”。根据下文“who are deserted by their society in some way or another”可知，Lottie的故事主要是基于那些被社会以这样或那样的方式抛弃的人物。故选D。 8．A.creating B．researching C．establishing D．spreading 答案：B　create “创造”；research “研究”；establish “建立”；spread “传播”。设空处应表示Lottie一直在为大学论文研究与童话有关的神话。故选B。 9．A.body B．voice C．mind D．sight 答案：C　body “身体”；voice “声音”；mind “思维，脑海”；sight “视力”。根据上文“when I came across the idea of changeling”可推断，此处指想法在脑海里挥之不去。故选C。 10．A.concerns B．features C．thoughts D．strengths 答案：D　concern “关心”；feature “特征”；thought “思想”；strength “优势”。设空处应表示Lottie的文章想展示残疾人的优点，而不是把他们描述为弱势群体。故选D。 11．A.If B．When C．Unless D．Although 答案：B　if “如果”；when “当……时候”；unless “除非”；although “虽然”。根据语境可知，当她知道正确的故事可以如何改变生活时，她渴望成为一名作家。故选B。 12．A.desires B．pretends C．manages D．affords 答案：A　desire “渴望”；pretend “假装”；manage “管理”；afford “买得起”。根据下文“to become an author”可知，Lottie渴望成为作家。故选A。 13．A.attack B．conflict C．competition D．fighting 答案：C　attack “攻击”；conflict “冲突”；competition “比赛”；fighting “打架”。根据下文“Kate Thisteton, BBC RI presenter and chair of the Young Writers' Award judges”可知，Lottie赢得了BBC青年作家奖，即她赢得了这场比赛。故选C。 14．A.complete B．mysterious C．familiar D．beautiful 答案：D　complete “完全的”；mysterious “神秘的”；familiar “熟悉的”；beautiful “美丽的”。根据下文“I love the way it uses fairy mythology to tell a story about difference, disability and acceptance.”可知，Kate(凯特)对这本小说的评价是积极正面的，应该是太美了。故选D。 15．A.displayed B．motivated C．discovered D．provided 答案：B　display “表现”；motivate “激励”；discover “发现”；provide “提供”。根据上文“Lottie won and is considering a job as an author after being”可知，Lottie获奖，所以此处应表示Lottie是受到了青年作家奖的激励，正在考虑找一份作家的工作。故选B。 Ⅱ　阅读 Have you ever felt that reading a good book makes you better able to connect with your fellow human beings? If so, the results of a new scientific study back you up, but only if your reading material is literary fiction (文学小说). Psychologists David Comer Kidd and Emanuele Castano, at the New School for Social Research in New York, have proved that reading literary fiction improves the ability to sense and understand other people's feelings. In a series of five experiments, 1，000 participants were given texts to read, either parts of popular fiction, or more literary texts. The pair then used a variety of Theory of Mind methods to measure how accurately (精确地) the participants could identifyW1 feelings in others. Scores were higher for those who had read literary fiction than for those with popular fiction or non­fiction texts. “What great writers do is to turn you into the writer. In literary fiction, the incompleteness of the characters turns your mind to trying to understand the minds of others，” said Kidd. “Some writing is what you call ‘writerly’， you fill in the gaps and participate W2， and some is ‘readerly’， and you're cheered. We tend to see ‘readerly’ more in fictions like adventure and romance, where the author put down your experience as a reader. Writerly fiction or literary fiction lets you go into a new environment and you have to find your own way，” Kidd said. However, although Castano and Kidd proved that literary fiction improves social empathy (共情), they were not prepared to use the results to determine whether a piece of writing is worthy ofP being called literary. “These are aesthetic (美学的) and stylistic concerns which as psychologists we can't and don't want to give opinions about，” said Kidd. “Neither do we argue that people should only read literary fiction; it's just that only literary fiction seems to improve Theory of Mind in the short term. There are likely benefits of reading popular fiction—certainly enjoyment. We just did not measure them.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了看文学小说能提升人们感知和理解他人情绪的能力，即增进共情。 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The research process. B．The research subjects. C．The research purpose. D．The research approaches. 答案：A　段落大意题。根据第二段的内容可知，在一系列五项实验中，1，000名参与者被要求阅读文本，要么是流行小说，要么是文学文本。然后两人使用各种心理理论方法来衡量参与者识别他人情感的准确性。阅读文学小说的人比阅读通俗小说或非小说文本的人得分更高。因此，本段主要描述了实验的操作过程。故选A。 2．Which of the following book may probably be “writerly”？ A．A book about a love story. B．A book bringing nothing but enjoyment. C．A book about an adventure story. D．A book making you participate in the plot. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Some writing is what you call ‘writerly’， you fill in the gaps and participate”可知，有些写作是所谓的“作家式”写作，你填补空白并参与其中。由此可推断，让你参与到故事情节中来是一种“作家式”写作。故选D。 3．What's Kidd's opinion on popular fictions? A．They are of great value. B．They can bring joy to people. C．They are not worthy of being read. D．Their benefits can not be measured. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段第四句“There are likely benefits of reading popular fiction—certainly enjoyment.”可知，Kidd(基德)认为通俗小说可以给人们带来快乐。故选B。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．To Read or Not to Read B．Literary Fiction or Popular Fiction C．Top Tips on How to Choose a Book D．Reading Literary Fiction Improves Empathy 答案：D　标题判断题。根据全文尤其是第一段最后一句“Psychologists David Comer Kidd ... other people's feelings.”可知，心理学家已经证实看文学小说可以提高人们感知及理解他人情绪的能力，也就是增进共情。故选D。 W重点单词 1．identify v. 确定；识别 2．participate vi. 参与，参加 P重点短语 be worthy of 值得 Ⅲ　语法填空 In the 19th century, the “coming­of­age” novel became popular. In these stories, we read about __1__ (hero) growing into maturity from childhood. David Copperfield, by British novelist Charles Dickens, is a good example of this type of story. It tells the story of a __2__ (gift) boy of the same name, __3__ goes through many challenges in hopes of becoming a successful writer. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was that it __4__ (model) on his own life. In the novel, he related early personal experiences __5__ (mean) a lot to him, including his work in a factory, his education, and his efforts __6__ (publish) novels. The novel takes place in the Victorian era (1837－1901) and __7__ (contain) Dickens' critiques (批评) of his society and the anxiety surrounding the relationship between social classes. It describes __8__ darkest parts of British society in that time, especially the __9__ (pain) circumstances of many children. Young David suffers for his goal, __10__ does he reach his dream of becoming a successful writer？Read the book to find out. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了David Copperfield(《大卫·科波菲尔》)这部小说和小说的作者，并推荐读者阅读它。 1．heroes　考查名词。hero是可数名词，根据语境可知，要用名词复数，故填heroes。 2．gifted　考查词性转换。根据设空后的boy可知，设空处应用形容词，故填gifted。 3．who　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词boy，关系代词在从句中作主语。故填who。 4．was model(l)ed 　考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知David Copperfield是以狄更斯的个人生活为原型而创作，此处描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时；model与it之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was model(l)ed。 5．meaning　考查非谓语动词。personal experiences与mean是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，故填meaning。 6．to publish　考查非谓语动词。名词effort后要用动词不定式作定语。故填to publish。 7．contains　考查动词的时态。根据设空前的and可知，设空处应与takes保持一致，用一般现在时，故填contains。 8．the　考查冠词。darkest是形容词最高级，其前要加the。故填the。 9．painful　考查词性转换。此处修饰名词circumstances，要用形容词，故填painful。 10．but　考查连词。设空处与前一句构成转折关系。故填but。 Ⅳ　应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Linda要向她所在英国中学的图书馆推荐两类有关中国文化的书籍，她发来邮件请你帮忙推荐。请给她回一封邮件，内容包括： 1．推荐类型； 2．推荐理由； 3．作品示例。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Linda， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Yours faithfully， Li Hua [精彩范文] Dear Linda， I am writing to recommend two types of books that I think your library should buy. The first type is Chinese classic novels, which contain abundant Chinese cultural ingredients. Some examples of them are Journey to the West and the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The second type of my recommendation is books about traditional festivals. Only by learning about traditions can you know the essence of a foreign history and social values. A specific book I would introduce is titled Traditional Chinese Festivals and Customs by Yu Huifen, a famous Chinese professor. I wish my suggestions would be helpful to you. Yours faithfully， Li Hua 课后课时作业(二) 阅读 A Books to Read in Your 20s The Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini As a Middle Eastern and North African Studies student, I have a great interest in books about what takes place in this area. I first read this book in high school and really enjoyed it because of its accurateW1 language. If any of you is interested inP reading this book and hasn't yet, I highly recommendW2 it. Firefly Lane By Kristin Hannah This is my favorite book. It is a story about friendship, love and life lessons. The story covers the lives of two best friends, Tully and Kate, from childhood to adulthood. I learned so much about friendship and life. So, read Firefly Lane! You'll laugh, you'll cry, and then you'll share this book to your best friend. Half the Sky By Nicholas Kristof For any person of any age, Half the Sky is a must­read. It describes the struggle of women and the most pressing human rights problems of our time: the common oppression of women and girls. The Little Prince By Antoine de Saint－Exupéry This children's book is simple. It might seem like a wrong book to recommend to someone in their twenties, but perhaps that's what makes it a good choice. It sings praises to explorationW3 and shows the importance of making friends. 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本20多岁时必读的书。 1．Who is the writer of the book The Kite Runner? A．Khaled Hosseini. B．Kristin Hannah. C．Nicholas Kristof. D．Antoine de Saint－Exupéry. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据The Kite Runner部分中的“By Khaled Hosseini”可知，《追风筝的人》这本书的作者是 Khaled Hosseini(卡勒德·胡赛尼)。故选A。 2．What can we learn about the book Firefly Lane? A．It's written by Tully and Kate. B．It talks about friendship and life. C．It's a simple book for children. D．It's a comic book with humorous writing. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据FireflyLane部分中的“It is a story about friendship, love and life lessons.”可知，《萤火虫小巷》这本书讲述了一个关于友谊、爱情和人生教训的故事。故选B。 3．Which book will you read if you want to know about human rights problems? A．The Kite Runner. B．Firefly Lane. C．Half the Sky. D．The Little Prince. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据Half the Sky部分中的“It describes the struggle of women and the most pressing human rights problems of our time: the common oppression of women and girls.”可推知，如果你想了解人权问题，你可以读《半边天》这本书。故选C。 W重点单词 1．accurate adj. 精确的 2．recommend vt. 推荐，建议 3．exploration n. 探索 P重点短语 be interested in 对……感兴趣 B Beatrix Potter's stories of animals have captured the imagination of children since 1902, when her first story, The Tale of Peter Rabbit, was publishedW1It records the adventure of a rabbit who angers a bad­tempered farmer and finds himself participant in an epic escape. Peter, brother to Flopsy, Mopsy and Cotton­Tail, did what children do best—not listen! Not even the fact that only a couple years ago his dad was caught by the evil former and made into a pie by the farmer's wife. But boys will be boys, right？—Even ones who have sisters with cute names. Her apparently funny fiction attempts to make pleasant the consequential (随之而来的) horrors arising fromP poor decision making. At its most literal, her stories suggest that naughty children are likely to die or encounter W2 loss of limbs. Jemima Puddle­duck, the titular lead character of The Tale of Jemima Puddle－duck, is persuaded into attending a dinner party with a polite “gentleman”， who so happens to be a fox. The story is a total “stranger danger” alert for little listeners, similar to Perrault's Little Red Riding Hood—the moral at the end of which reads： “Children, especially attractive young ladies, should never talk to strangers, for if they should do so, they may well provide dinner for a wolf. But there are various kinds of wolves. There are also those who are charming, quiet, polite and sweet. And unfortunately, it is these gentle wolves who are the most dangerous ones of all.” Yet the strange thing is kids don't seem particularly upset by all the cruelty and violence that goes down in Potter's tales. And isn't this the very thing that makes her stories so accomplished, so loved? Potter's creatures teach and entertain young readers, who as adults, will revisit the stories with their own children, appreciating the unexpected dark humor and marveling at the hidden horror and wondering why their little ones aren't having nightmares when they should be！ 篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过两篇经典的童话《彼得兔的故事》和《鸭子杰米玛的故事》讲述了生活中的阴暗面，并告诉成年人要通过这些故事来劝诫孩子们不要随便轻信陌生人。 4．Why is The Tale of Peter Rabbit mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To show Beatrix Potter's achievement. B．To criticize Peter Rabbit's bad behavior. C．To introduce the topic of the passage. D．To describe the characters in the story. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“It records the adventure of ... in an epic escape.”和第四句“Not even the fact that ... a pie by the farmer's wife.”可知，尽管《彼得兔的故事》生动有趣，但其中暗藏恐怖。这也正是文章的主题。由此可推断，作者第一段提到这一作品是为了引出文章主题。故选C。 5．Why does the author compare The Tale of Jemima Puddle­duck with Little Red Riding Hood? A．They are both world－famous. B．They share similar structures. C．They both tell stories of little girls. D．They teach children similar lessons. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The story is a total ‘stranger danger’ alert for little listeners, similar to Perrault's Little Red Riding Hood”可知，两个故事很相似，对小孩子是一种“陌生人危险”警告。由此可推知，作者将两个故事放在一起比较是因为它们教会小孩子相似的道理。故选D。 6．Why are adult readers surprised when rereading Beatrix Potter's stories according to the last paragraph? A．They have bad dreams at night. B．Their kids don't fear these stories. C．They don't notice the humor. D．Their kids don't like these stories. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，长大后的读者跟自己的孩子一起重温这些故事时，注意到其中的黑色幽默及暗藏的恐怖时，奇怪自己的孩子读完为什么不会做噩梦，并且不害怕这些故事。故选B。 7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．The dark side of Potter's stories B．The stories of Jemima Puddle­duck C．The readers' reaction to fairy tales D．The language in Potter's stories 答案：A　标题判断题。全文探讨Beatrix Potter(比翠克丝·波特)运用精彩有趣的语言讲述了生活中的阴暗面来劝诫儿童。由此可知，A项(波特故事的黑暗面)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。 W重点单词 1．publish vt. 出版 2．encounter v. 遇到，邂逅 P重点短语 arise from 由……引起，起因于 C One of the best­known American writers of children's books is Alfred Strong, or Doctor Strong, as he is better known to readers everywhere. Now, an art show called “Doctor Strong From Then to Now” is travelling around the United States. The pictures and drawings show the history of Doctor Strong. Doctor Strong first became famous almost fifty years ago when his first children's book was published. Since then, he has written forty­five books that have sold more than one hundred million copies around the world. Doctor Strong's books are known for their easy use of words and colorful, hand­drawn pictures. These drawings bring life toP his imaginary creatures. The Cat in the Hat, Horton the Elephant, The Grinch Who Stole Christmas, and hundreds of others. The San Diego Museum, in California, organizedW the art show. It included about three hundred Doctor Strong's original (最早的) drawings and some of his writings. Most of Doctor Strong's books, although written in a funny way, have serious messages. For example, in McElligot's Pool, he describes the danger of pollution. He discusses the arms race in The Butter Battle Book, written in nineteen eighty­four. Doctor Strong is almost eighty­four years old now. He says he never planned to write stories just for children. He says he writes stories that interest people of all ages. He says he uses easy words so that everyone, even a child, can understand. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国著名的儿童书籍作家Alfred Strong(阿尔弗雷德·斯特朗)以及他的作品特点。 8．Alfred Strong is a famous ________ in the United States. A．doctor B．artist C．writer D．reader 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“One of the best­known American writers of children's books is Alfred Strong, or Doctor Strong, as he is better known to readers everywhere.”可知，Alfred Strong是美国著名的作家。故选C。 9．Doctor Strong's books are very popular in America because ________． A．they are stories about animals such as cats, elephants and so on B．they are written in easy words with colourful pictures C．he organized the art show in California D．they are written in a funny way 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Doctor Strong's books are known for their easy use of words and colorful, hand­drawn pictures.”可知，Strong博士的书以简洁的文字和丰富多彩的手绘图片而闻名。故选B。 10．Doctor Strong first became famous in ________． A．his fifties when his drawings and writings were published B．his thirties when his first book was published C．nineteen eighty­four when his book McElligot's Pool was published D．his eighties when an art show was travelling around the United States 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Doctor Strong first became famous almost fifty years ago when his first children's book was published.”可知，Strong博士第一次出名是在大约50年前，当时他的第一本儿童书籍出版了；根据最后一段第一句“Doctor Strong is almost eighty­four years old now.”可知，Strong博士现在快84岁了。由此可推知，当他的第一本书出版时，他三十多岁。故选B。 11．His purpose in writing many such books is ________． A．to show his original pictures and drawings B．to make his readers laugh or smile when they read his books C．to organize a special art show of his own D．to interest people and expose some serious social problems 答案：D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Most of Doctor Strong's books, although written in a funny way, have serious messages.”可知，Strong博士的大多数书，虽然写得很搞笑，但却传达了严肃的信息。由此可推断，他写许多这样的书的目的是引起人们的兴趣，揭露一些严肃的社会问题。故选D。 W重点单词 organize vt. 组织 P重点短语 bring life to 给……带来生气 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$