Unit 2 Making a Better World(知识清单)英语新教材北师大版九年级下册

2026-10-26
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Unit 2 Making a Better World 主 题 词 汇 1. /ˈhʌŋɡə/ n. 饥饿;渴求 搭配:die of hunger 饿死;a hunger for sth 渴求某物 例句:Many children still die of hunger in poor areas.贫困地区仍然有很多孩子死于饥饿。 2. /dɪˈskʌʃn/ n. 讨论 搭配:have a discussion about sth 讨论某事 例句:We will have a discussion about pollution tomorrow.明天我们将开展一场关于污染的讨论。 3. /ɡeɪn/ v. 获得,赢得 搭配:gain experience 获得经验;gain confidence 获得自信 例句:You can gain more confidence by practising often.经常练习,你就能收获更多自信。 4. /dɪˈskʌvə/ v. 发现 搭配:discover sth/sb to be… 发现……是…… 例句:She discovered the story to be true.她发现这个故事是真实的。 5. */ˈkwɒləti/ n. 质量;品质 搭配:high quality 高质量;the quality of life 生活质量 例句:We care more about the quality of life now.我们现在更加关注生活质量。 6. /ɪnˈspaɪə/ v. 鼓舞,激励 搭配:inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 例句:The teacher inspires us to keep working hard.这位老师激励我们继续努力学习。 7. /dɪˈzɑːstə/ n. 灾难 搭配:natural disaster 自然灾害 例句:A hurricane is a kind of natural disaster.飓风属于一种自然灾害。 8. /dɪˈmɑːnd/ n. & v. 需求;要求 搭配:the demand for sth 对某物的需求;demand to do sth 要求做某事 例句:The demand for clean water is growing quickly.人们对干净水源的需求正在快速增长。 9. /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n. 贡献 搭配:make a contribution to… 为……做贡献 例句:Everyone can make a contribution to protecting the environment.每个人都可以为保护环境出一份力。 10. /ˈpɒsəbl/ adj. 可能的 搭配:as…as possible 尽可能……;It is possible to do sth 做某事是可能的 例句:It is possible to cut down waste in our daily life.在日常生活中减少浪费是可以做到的。 短 语 1. 去除;摆脱 搭配:shake off sth / shake off sth 例句:It’s hard to shake off bad habits.改掉坏习惯很难。 2. 为……作贡献;对……做出贡献 搭配:make contributions to sth / doing sth 例句:We should make contributions to our society.我们应该为社会做贡献。 3. 代替;而不是(后面接名词、代词或doing) 搭配:instead of sth / doing sth 例句:He reads books instead of playing games.他看书,而不是玩游戏。 4. 而不是(可接动词原形、名词) 搭配:rather than sth / do sth 例句:I choose to rest rather than work.我选择休息而不是工作。 5. 只要(引导条件状语从句) 搭配:as long as + 句子 例句:You can pass as long as you work hard.只要你努力,就能通过。 6. 总而言之 搭配:放句首,逗号隔开 例句:All in all, we had a good time.总而言之,我们玩得很开心。 句 型 1. To shake off poverty, we should use our own hands.想要摆脱贫困,我们要靠自己的双手。 结构拆解:To shake off poverty(不定式作目的状语), we(主语)should use(谓语)our own hands(宾语). 例句: 为了保护环境,我们应该每天从小事做起。 2. Instead of choosing a career in the capital city, she returned to her hometown, hoping to change the lives of the people there.她没有选择在大城市工作,而是回到家乡,希望改变那里人们的生活。 结构拆解:Instead of choosing…(介词短语作状语,of后接doing), she(主语)returned to(谓语)her hometown(宾语), hoping to change…(现在分词作伴随状语). 例句: 他没有待在家里,而是出门去,希望帮助别人。 3. Every country must do its part because climate change is in everybody's backyard.每个国家都必须尽自己的一份力,因为气候变化与每个人息息相关。 结构拆解:Every country(主语)must do(谓语)its part(宾语)+ because(原因状语从句引导词)climate change(从句主语)is(系动词)in everybody's backyard(表语). 例句: 每个人都要尽自己一份力,因为环保是我们共同的任务。 4. It seems that elderly people only take from rather than give back to the society, but is this true?看上去老年人只是向社会索取,而没有回馈社会,但事实果真如此吗? 结构拆解:It seems that…(it作形式主语,that从句为真正主语);rather than(并列连词,连接take from 和 give back to);but(并列连词引出反问句). 例句: 看上去他只接受帮助而不帮助别人,但事实果真如此吗? 5. All in all, an aging population is a reality rather than a problem.总而言之,人口老龄化是一种现实,而不单纯是一个问题。 结构拆解:All in all(评注性状语), an aging population(主语)is(系动词)a reality(表语)rather than a problem(并列对比). 例句: 总而言之,失败是一次教训,而不是耻辱。 6. Millions of people are facing water shortages, and it's up to us to make a change.数百万人正面临水资源短缺,做出改变是我们的责任。 结构拆解:Millions of people(主语)are facing(谓语)water shortages(宾语), and it’s up to us(固定句型,it形式主语)to make a change(真正主语). 固定句型:It’s up to sb. to do sth. 由某人负责做某事 例句: 很多动物处境危险,保护它们是我们的责任。 语法 1.动词时态 2.As long as 3.主谓一致 写作 建议信、环保、社会责任 一、知识点精讲 知识点1:课文原句:To shake off poverty, we should use our own hands.想要摆脱贫困,我们要靠自己的双手。 知识点:shake off摆脱;甩掉 用法解析:动词短语,不规则变化 shake‑shook‑shaken;后面接名词,多用于摆脱贫穷、疾病、坏情绪、坏习惯;shake本义“摇晃”,引申义摆脱不好的事物;可以放在不定式、情态动词后。 示例:She tried to shake off her sadness.她努力摆脱悲伤情绪。 辨析:shake off vs get rid of shake off:侧重摆脱困境、情绪;get rid of:通用,去除垃圾、坏习惯,使用范围更广。 例句1:It is hard for some people to bad habits.对一部分人来说摆脱坏习惯很难。 例句2:She tried her best to sadness.她尽力摆脱悲伤。 知识点2:课文原句:Instead of choosing a career in the capital city, she returned to her hometown, hoping to change the lives of the people there.翻译:她没有选择在大城市工作,而是回到家乡,希望改变那里人们的生活。 知识点:instead of代替;而不是 用法解析:介词短语,后面只能接名词、代词、doing动名词;可以放在句首或者句中;易错:不能接动词原形;对比副词instead,后面不加宾语,独立作状语。 示例:I read books instead of watching TV.我看书,而不是看电视。 拓展:instead adv. 相反,取而代之 辨析:instead of vs instead instead of:介词短语,后面必须接宾语;instead:副词,不加宾语。 例句1:He stayed home going out on weekends.周末他待在家而没有外出。 例句2:He didn’t reply. , he left quietly.他没有回复,取而代之,他悄悄离开了。 知识点3:课文原句:Every country must do its part because climate change is in everybody's backyard.每个国家都必须尽自己的一份力量,因为气候变化与每个人息息相关。 知识点:do one’s part 尽某人一份力量 用法解析:one’s跟随主语变化 do my/your/their part; 常用搭配 do one’s part to do sth,尽一份力量去做某事;part此处意思“本分,职责”; 示例:Everyone should do their part to protect nature.每个人应当尽一份力量保护自然。 拓展:part n.部分;participate v.参与;participation n.参与 辨析:do one’s part vs play a part in do one’s part:尽自己本分;play a part in:在……方面起到作用。 例句1:Everyone should protect the environment.每个人都应当尽一份力量保护环境。 例句2:We all our class.我们都为班级尽自己的一份力。 知识点4:课文原句:All in all, an aging population is a reality rather than a problem.总而言之,人口老龄化是一种现实,而不单纯是一个问题。 知识点:rather than而不是 用法解析:并列短语,可以连接名词、形容词、动词原形;连接不定式的时候,to可以省略;可以放在句中;对比instead of只能接doing。 示例:I prefer to walk rather than take a bus.我宁愿走路,而不是坐公交。 拓展:rather adv.相当;would rather do 宁愿做…… 辨析:rather than vs instead of rather than:可以接动词原形;instead of:介词短语,只能接名词 / doing。 例句1:I prefer read books rather than TV.我宁愿看书而不是看电视。 例句2:He chose to keep trying rather than up.他选择继续努力而不是放弃。 知识点5:课文原句:As long as we speak up about it and act now, we can make a difference.只要我们就此发声并且立刻行动,我们就可以带来改变。 知识点:as long as只要(引导条件状语从句) 用法解析:连词引导条件状语从句; 时态考点:从句用一般现在时表将来含义,主句用一般将来时; 示例:As long as you work hard, you will make progress.只要你努力,就会取得进步。 例句1: you hold on, you achieve your dream.只要你坚持,你就会实现梦想。 例句2:You can borrow the book you it on time.只要你按时归还,你就可以借这本书。 知识点6:课文原句:The wisdom and experience of the elderly are a great treasure to our families, our society and nation.老年人的智慧和经验,对于家庭、社会和国家都是一笔巨大的财富。 知识点:the + 形容词 表示一类人 用法解析:定冠词the +形容词,表示一类人;主谓一致考点:作主语,谓语动词必须用复数; 例 the elderly老年人,the poor穷人; 易错不能省略the;elderly是形容词,the elderly才表示一类人。 示例:The young should respect the old.年轻人应当尊敬老年人。 辨析:elder vs older elder用于家庭成员内部长幼排序;older泛指年龄更大。 例句1: need more help from society.穷人需要社会更多帮助。 例句2: are full of energy.年轻人充满活力。 知识点7:课文原句:Little by little, step by step, she became their friend and got to know their needs.一点一点,一步一步,她成了村民的朋友,也了解到他们的需求。 知识点:little by little / step by step 一点点地;逐步地 用法解析:副词短语,在句中作状语;结构“名词+by+同一个名词”, 同类day by day;描述循序渐进慢慢发生变化,不指瞬间完成;常放句首,后面加逗号隔开。 示例:Little by little, his English improved.渐渐地,他的英语进步了。 例句1: , his English became much better.渐渐地,他的英语好多了。 例句2:You can solve the big problem .你可以一步步解决这个大问题。 知识点8:课文原句:They realised the power of knowledge and sent their children to school.翻译:他们意识到知识的力量,于是送孩子们去上学。 知识点:the power of … ……的力量 用法解析:power抽象不可数名词;固定结构 the power of +名词;power多指抽象力量、势力;physical strength多指身体体力;可以充当主语、宾语。 示例:We believe the power of friendship.我们相信友谊的力量。 拓展:power n.力量;powerful adj.强大的 辨析:power vs strength power:抽象力量、权力;strength:人的身体体力。 例句1:We believe in the of teamwork.我们相信团队合作的力量。 例句2:The of love can change many things.爱的力量可以改变很多事。 知识点9:课文原句:It puts greater pressure on healthcare, the workforce and pensions.翻译:这给医疗、劳动力以及养老金带来了更大压力。 知识点:put pressure on对……施加压力 用法解析:固定动词短语;pressure不可数名词,不加s;结构 put +形容词 + pressure on sb/sth;多指社会、心理层面压力。 示例:Too much homework puts pressure on kids.过多作业给孩子施加压力。 拓展:pressure n.压力;press v.按压 例句1:Too much study teenagers.过多学习给青少年带来压力。 例句2:The heavy task him.繁重的任务给他施加巨大压力。 知识点10:课文原句:Many elderly people can still make contributions to the society.许多老年人仍然可以为社会做出贡献。 知识点:make contributions to对……做出贡献 用法解析:to是介词!后面接名词 / doing动名词,不能接动词原形;可以单数make a contribution to;同义动词短语contribute to。 示例:Everyone should make contributions to our country.|人人都应该为国家做贡献。 拓展:contribution n.贡献;contribute v.做贡献;contribute to 促成,贡献 辨析:contribute to vs make contributions to 语义完全相同;contribute to动词短语;make contributions to动词加名词短语。 例句1:Everyone should our country.|每个人都应该为国家做贡献。 例句2:He medical research.|他对医学研究做出巨大贡献。 知识点11:课文原句:These are small actions, but they result in a huge waste of water.这些都是小小的行为,却会造成大量水资源的浪费。 知识点:result in导致,造成 用法解析:动词短语;后面接事情带来的结果;辨析 result from后面接事情的原因;主语可以是人或者事件。 示例:Carelessness results in many mistakes.粗心导致很多错误。 拓展:result n.结果;result from 由……造成 辨析:result in(+结果)vs result from(+原因) A result in B:A是原因,造成B;A result from B:B是原因,产生A。 例句1:Carelessness will many mistakes.|粗心会造成很多错误。 例句2:The terrible accident many people losing their homes.|这场可怕事故造成很多人失去家园。 知识点12:①课文原句:Millions of people are facing water shortages, and it's up to us to make a change. 数百万人正面临水资源短缺,做出改变是我们的责任。 知识点:It’s up to sb to do sth做某事取决于某人;该由某人做某事 用法解析:it作形式主语,真正主语是后面to do不定式; 两层含义:①某事由某人来决定;②该轮到某人承担做某事的责任;up to还有另外含义“多达”。 示例:It’s up to you to choose the book.选这本书由你来决定。 例句1: where we will go.|去哪里由你来决定。 例句2: our earth.|保护地球是我们的责任。 知识点13:课文原句:Instead of choosing a career in the capital city, she returned to her hometown, hoping to change the lives of the people there.她没有选择在大城市工作,而是回到家乡,希望改变那里人们的生活。 知识点:现在分词作伴随状语 hoping to change… 用法解析:现在分词doing放逗号后的句尾,作伴随状语;逻辑主语必须和主句主语保持一致;表达主句动作发生的同时伴随的次要动作,表示主动;区分过去分词done作状语表被动。 示例:He sat there, reading a book.他坐在那里,读着一本书。 拓展:hope v.希望;hopeful adj.充满希望;hopeless adj.无望的 辨析:现在分词doing表主动伴随;过去分词done表被动。 例句1:He ran out of the room, loudly.他跑出房间,大声喊叫。 例句2:She sat there, about her future.她坐在那里,思考自己的未来。 二、核心语法精讲 一、时态总复习 1. 一般现在时 定义:表示经常性、习惯性的动作;客观事实、普遍真理;目前稳定的状态。 常用标志词:often, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/year 用法1:描述习惯、经常发生的动作 He fruit on the farm every year.他每年在农场种水果。 用法2:客观事实、真理 The earth around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 用法3:当前状态 She how to sell fruit online.她懂得网上卖水果。 2. 一般过去时 定义:过去某个特定时间发生并且已经结束的动作;过去存在的状态,只陈述过去发生这件事。 常用标志词:yesterday, last week/year, just now, …ago, in +过去年份 用法1:过去某时间一次性动作 They to grow fruit last year.他们去年学会了种植水果。(只说明去年学了,不强调现在会不会) 用法2:过去持续一段时间的状态 He in the village five years ago.五年前他住在这个村子里。 3. 过去进行时 定义:过去某一个具体时刻或者某一段期间内,正在进行的动作。强调“当时正在做”。 基本结构:主语 + was/were + doing(现在分词) 常用标志:at 8 o’clock yesterday, at that time, then, when引导的时间状语 用法1:过去某个时间点正在发生的动作 They fruit online at 8 p.m. yesterday.昨晚八点他们正在网上卖水果。 用法2:过去一段时间持续进行的动作 He on the farm all morning that day.那天整个上午他都在农场干活。 用法3:when一个短动作(一般过去)打断长动作(过去进行) I when he came in.他进来的时候,我正在看书。 4. 现在完成时 定义:动作发生在过去,但是不强调动作什么时候做,重点突出这个动作对现在造成的结果或影响。 基本结构:主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词 常用标志词:already, yet, since, for, ever, never 用法1:过去动作,对现在有影响(本课重点) They to grow fruit and use the internet to sell it.他们已经学会种植水果,并且用网络售卖。 用法2:动作从过去持续到现在(常搭配for/since) He here for 10 years.他已经在这里住了十年。 二、as long as 引导条件状语从句 核心语法规则:主将从现 / 主情从现 / 主祈从现 用法1:主句含有情态动词(can/may/must等) we speak up about it and act now, we a difference.只要我们为此发声并且立刻行动,我们就能有所改变。 用法2:主句一般将来时(主将从现) You the exam as long as you keep working hard.只要你坚持努力,你就会通过考试。 用法3:主句为祈使句(主祈从现) me the truth as long as you are ready.只要你准备好了,就把真相告诉我。 三、主谓一致 定义:谓语动词的单复数形式,必须和句子主语保持一致。 规则1:and连接两个并列主语(两个不同的人/物),谓语动词常用复数 The wisdom and experience of the elderly a great treasure.老年人的智慧和经验是一笔巨大的财富。 解析:wisdom 和 experience 两个东西并列,主语是复数,be动词用are 拓展:Tom and Lily each other.汤姆和莉莉互相帮助。 规则2:不定代词 everyone / each / no one / nobody / someone / anyone 作主语,谓语动词用单数 Everyone do his part to protect the environment.每个人都要尽自己一份力量保护环境。 Each of us a dream.我们每个人都有一个梦想。 规则3:there be 句型——就近原则 be动词(is/are)单复数,由离它最近的名词决定,不看后面所有名词 There a book and two pens on the desk.桌上有一本书和两支笔。(靠近be的a book单数 → is) There two pens and a book on the desk.桌上有两支笔和一本书。(靠近be的two pens复数 → are) 规则4:单数名词、不可数名词单独作主语,谓语用单数 Water important for all living things.水对所有生物都很重要。 The plan well.这个计划效果很好。 规则5:单数主语后带with, together with, besides,谓语跟随前面主语(就远原则) Tom together with his friends reading.汤姆和他的朋友们喜欢阅读。主语核心是Tom单数,谓语likes 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元写作要求:先点明目前存在的环境问题,说明保护环境的重要性,提出几条简单可行的做法,最后发出号召,呼吁大家一起保护环境。 2. 写作框架 假如你是李华,你校将在世界环保日组织一场以Small Changes,Big Difference 为主题的英语演讲活动。请你结合以下提示准备一份演讲稿,分享你曾经为环保做过的小改变和日常生活中的环保小妙招,并呼吁大家一起加入环保行动。 要求:1.语言通顺,要点齐全,条理清楚,书写规范; 2.文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称; 3.100词左右。 Small Changes, Big Difference 谋篇布局 3. 写作素材 重点词汇 1.environment 环境 2.pollution 污染 3.waste 浪费;废弃物 4.rubbish 垃圾 5.sort 分类 6.save 节约 7.electricity 电 8.low-carbon 低碳的 9.action 行动 10.duty 责任 11.protect 保护 12.pollute v. 污染 重点短语 protect the environment 保护环境 save water and electricity 节约水电 make a big difference /matter a lot 有很大影响 call on sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事 It’s our duty to do… 做…… 是我们的责任 重点句子 优秀开头句 1. Nowadays, waste and pollution are around us. I’m writing to call on all of you to protect the environment. 如今浪费和污染就在身边,我写信号召大家保护环境。 2. Our environment is facing some problems, so I hope we can do something to help.我们的环境正面临一些问题,我希望我们可以做点什么。 内容介绍句 1. It’s our duty to protect the environment and it is good for our health.保护环境是我们的责任,它有益于我们的健康。 2. We should save water and electricity whenever we can.我们应当随时节约水电。 3. We can sort rubbish and avoid throwing rubbish everywhere.我们可以做好垃圾分类,不要随地扔垃圾。 4. It’s a good choice for us to take low-carbon ways like riding bikes.选择骑车这类低碳方式出行是很好的选择。 5. Small actions can make a big difference to our environment.小小的行动会给环境带来巨大改变。 优秀结尾句 1. Let’s take action from small things. Our efforts will make the world more beautiful.让我们从小事行动起来,我们的努力会让世界更美好。 2. I hope everyone can join us and try to build a greener world.我希望每个人都加入我们,共建绿色世界。 4. 范文背诵 Small Changes, Big Difference Good morning, everyone! I'm Li Hua. It's my great honor to talk about environmental protection on World Environment Day. Thank you! 一、根据汉语提示完成句子(10题) 1. Many people in poor areas still suffer from _______________ (饥饿). 2. The old man’s story _______________ (激励) us to work harder for our hometown. 3. We had a hot _______________ (讨论) about the aging population yesterday. 4. Natural _______________ (灾难) like hurricanes and wildfires are becoming more frequent. 5. We should value the _______________ (品质) of honesty and kindness. 6. The _______________ (需求) for clean water is growing quickly around the world. 7. Everyone can make a _______________ (贡献) to protecting the environment. 8. Nowadays, the country is facing an _______________ (老化的) population problem. 9. We should learn to _______________ (重复使用) paper and bottles in daily life. 10. In _______________ (现实), small actions can bring great changes. 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. He _______________ (discover) a good way to save water last month. 2. Her _______________ (willing) to help others wins everyone’s praise. 3. The heavy storm caused the _______________ (lose) of many houses. 4. We hope for a _______________ (reduce) in pollution in the near future. 5. The _______________ (nation) government pays more attention to healthcare. 6. It is _______________ (possibly) for us to solve the problem step by step. 7. He _______________ (gain) much useful experience during the activity. 8. Public _______________ (transport) makes our life much easier. 9. _______________ (extreme) weather is one result of climate change. 10. Every small thing we do _______________ (count). 三.完形填空 (23-24九年级上·河南新乡·期中)先通读短文,掌握其大意,然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 Recently, I have read an article named “Small Acts of Kindness (善举)”. I completely agree with the writer’s 1 — It takes nothing to be nice. It really made me think 2 . I was 3 New Zealand in January visiting my son and grandson. I only had a little cash (现金) on me as we stopped for a 4 and a cake, but the coffee shop wouldn’t take cards. As I counted out my coins and realized (意识到) I needed another two dollars to 5 the cake, two boys waiting behind me saw this and one boy spoke up, “I can pay the 6 for you.” It surprised me that a boy who didn’t 7 know me could be so kind. I refused his offer and just had the drink, but I 8 him from the bottom (底部) of my heart. 9 I went back to the UK, I “paid this forward”. This expression (表达) means to do something kind or 10 for someone because someone else has done something good for you. I first 11 this expression in Lily Hardy Hammond’s book, In the Garden of Delight. That afternoon, at the store near my house, I met a young lady who didn’t have 12 cash to pay for a hairband that her daughter was thirsty for. I paid the bill for 13 . It was only £2.99, but it made me 14 good. Small acts of kindness can make the world a better place. I’ll do this much 15 in the future. Then it not only makes me happy but also makes others glad. 1.A.opinion B.result C.hope D.plan 2.A.finally B.clearly C.deeply D.luckily 3.A.under B.with C.in D.for 4.A.drink B.hamburger C.pie D.sandwich 5.A.deal with B.find out C.take away D.pay for 6.A.present B.rest C.tour D.day 7.A.only B.even C.still D.just 8.A.accepted B.helped C.avoided D.thanked 9.A.After B.Because C.Though D.If 10.A.funny B.strange C.polite D.helpful 11.A.changed B.worried C.learned D.forgot 12.A.little B.enough C.expensive D.huge 13.A.her B.him C.it D.them 14.A.sound B.feel C.look D.smell 15.A.quicker B.fewer C.faster D.more 学科网(北京)股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Making a Better World 主 题 词 汇 1. hunger /ˈhʌŋɡə/ n. 饥饿;渴求 搭配:die of hunger 饿死;a hunger for sth 渴求某物 例句:Many children still die of hunger in poor areas.贫困地区仍然有很多孩子死于饥饿。 2. discussion /dɪˈskʌʃn/ n. 讨论 搭配:have a discussion about sth 讨论某事 例句:We will have a discussion about pollution tomorrow.明天我们将开展一场关于污染的讨论。 3. gain /ɡeɪn/ v. 获得,赢得 搭配:gain experience 获得经验;gain confidence 获得自信 例句:You can gain more confidence by practising often.经常练习,你就能收获更多自信。 4. discover/dɪˈskʌvə/ v. 发现 搭配:discover sth/sb to be… 发现……是…… 例句:She discovered the story to be true.她发现这个故事是真实的。 5. quality*/ˈkwɒləti/ n. 质量;品质 搭配:high quality 高质量;the quality of life 生活质量 例句:We care more about the quality of life now.我们现在更加关注生活质量。 6. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə/ v. 鼓舞,激励 搭配:inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 例句:The teacher inspires us to keep working hard.这位老师激励我们继续努力学习。 7. disaster/dɪˈzɑːstə/ n. 灾难 搭配:natural disaster 自然灾害 例句:A hurricane is a kind of natural disaster.飓风属于一种自然灾害。 8. demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/ n. & v. 需求;要求 搭配:the demand for sth 对某物的需求;demand to do sth 要求做某事 例句:The demand for clean water is growing quickly.人们对干净水源的需求正在快速增长。 9. contribution/ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n. 贡献 搭配:make a contribution to… 为……做贡献 例句:Everyone can make a contribution to protecting the environment.每个人都可以为保护环境出一份力。 10. possible/ˈpɒsəbl/ adj. 可能的 搭配:as…as possible 尽可能……;It is possible to do sth 做某事是可能的 例句:It is possible to cut down waste in our daily life.在日常生活中减少浪费是可以做到的。 短 语 1. shake off去除;摆脱 搭配:shake off sth / shake off sth 例句:It’s hard to shake off bad habits.改掉坏习惯很难。 2. make contributions to为……作贡献;对……做出贡献 搭配:make contributions to sth / doing sth 例句:We should make contributions to our society.我们应该为社会做贡献。 3. instead of代替;而不是(后面接名词、代词或doing) 搭配:instead of sth / doing sth 例句:He reads books instead of playing games.他看书,而不是玩游戏。 4. rather than而不是(可接动词原形、名词) 搭配:rather than sth / do sth 例句:I choose to rest rather than work.我选择休息而不是工作。 5. as long as只要(引导条件状语从句) 搭配:as long as + 句子 例句:You can pass as long as you work hard.只要你努力,就能通过。 6. all in all总而言之 搭配:放句首,逗号隔开 例句:All in all, we had a good time.总而言之,我们玩得很开心。 句 型 1. To shake off poverty, we should use our own hands.想要摆脱贫困,我们要靠自己的双手。 结构拆解:To shake off poverty(不定式作目的状语), we(主语)should use(谓语)our own hands(宾语). 例句:To protect the environment, we should do small things every day.为了保护环境,我们应该每天从小事做起。 2. Instead of choosing a career in the capital city, she returned to her hometown, hoping to change the lives of the people there.她没有选择在大城市工作,而是回到家乡,希望改变那里人们的生活。 结构拆解:Instead of choosing…(介词短语作状语,of后接doing), she(主语)returned to(谓语)her hometown(宾语), hoping to change…(现在分词作伴随状语). 例句:Instead of staying at home, he went out, hoping to help others.他没有待在家里,而是出门去,希望帮助别人。 3. Every country must do its part because climate change is in everybody's backyard.每个国家都必须尽自己的一份力,因为气候变化与每个人息息相关。 结构拆解:Every country(主语)must do(谓语)its part(宾语)+ because(原因状语从句引导词)climate change(从句主语)is(系动词)in everybody's backyard(表语). 例句:Everyone must do his part because environmental protection is our common task.每个人都要尽自己一份力,因为环保是我们共同的任务。 4. It seems that elderly people only take from rather than give back to the society, but is this true?看上去老年人只是向社会索取,而没有回馈社会,但事实果真如此吗? 结构拆解:It seems that…(it作形式主语,that从句为真正主语);rather than(并列连词,连接take from 和 give back to);but(并列连词引出反问句). 例句:It seems that he only receives help rather than offer help to others, but is this true?看上去他只接受帮助而不帮助别人,但事实果真如此吗? 5. All in all, an aging population is a reality rather than a problem.总而言之,人口老龄化是一种现实,而不单纯是一个问题。 结构拆解:All in all(评注性状语), an aging population(主语)is(系动词)a reality(表语)rather than a problem(并列对比). 例句:All in all, failure is a lesson rather than a shame.总而言之,失败是一次教训,而不是耻辱。 6. Millions of people are facing water shortages, and it's up to us to make a change.数百万人正面临水资源短缺,做出改变是我们的责任。 结构拆解:Millions of people(主语)are facing(谓语)water shortages(宾语), and it’s up to us(固定句型,it形式主语)to make a change(真正主语). 固定句型:It’s up to sb. to do sth. 由某人负责做某事 例句:Lots of animals are in danger, and it's up to us to protect them.很多动物处境危险,保护它们是我们的责任。 语法 1.动词时态 2.As long as 3.主谓一致 写作 建议信、环保、社会责任 一、知识点精讲 知识点1:课文原句:To shake off poverty, we should use our own hands.想要摆脱贫困,我们要靠自己的双手。 知识点:shake off摆脱;甩掉 用法解析:动词短语,不规则变化 shake‑shook‑shaken;后面接名词,多用于摆脱贫穷、疾病、坏情绪、坏习惯;shake本义“摇晃”,引申义摆脱不好的事物;可以放在不定式、情态动词后。 示例:She tried to shake off her sadness.她努力摆脱悲伤情绪。 辨析:shake off vs get rid of shake off:侧重摆脱困境、情绪;get rid of:通用,去除垃圾、坏习惯,使用范围更广。 例句1:It is hard for some people to shake off bad habits.对一部分人来说摆脱坏习惯很难。 例句2:She tried her best to shake off sadness.她尽力摆脱悲伤。 知识点2:课文原句:Instead of choosing a career in the capital city, she returned to her hometown, hoping to change the lives of the people there.翻译:她没有选择在大城市工作,而是回到家乡,希望改变那里人们的生活。 知识点:instead of代替;而不是 用法解析:介词短语,后面只能接名词、代词、doing动名词;可以放在句首或者句中;易错:不能接动词原形;对比副词instead,后面不加宾语,独立作状语。 示例:I read books instead of watching TV.我看书,而不是看电视。 拓展:instead adv. 相反,取而代之 辨析:instead of vs instead instead of:介词短语,后面必须接宾语;instead:副词,不加宾语。 例句1:He stayed home instead of going out on weekends.周末他待在家而没有外出。 例句2:He didn’t reply. Instead, he left quietly.他没有回复,取而代之,他悄悄离开了。 知识点3:课文原句:Every country must do its part because climate change is in everybody's backyard.每个国家都必须尽自己的一份力量,因为气候变化与每个人息息相关。 知识点:do one’s part 尽某人一份力量 用法解析:one’s跟随主语变化 do my/your/their part; 常用搭配 do one’s part to do sth,尽一份力量去做某事;part此处意思“本分,职责”; 示例:Everyone should do their part to protect nature.每个人应当尽一份力量保护自然。 拓展:part n.部分;participate v.参与;participation n.参与 辨析:do one’s part vs play a part in do one’s part:尽自己本分;play a part in:在……方面起到作用。 例句1:Everyone should do their part to protect the environment.每个人都应当尽一份力量保护环境。 例句2:We all do our part for our class.我们都为班级尽自己的一份力。 知识点4:课文原句:All in all, an aging population is a reality rather than a problem.总而言之,人口老龄化是一种现实,而不单纯是一个问题。 知识点:rather than而不是 用法解析:并列短语,可以连接名词、形容词、动词原形;连接不定式的时候,to可以省略;可以放在句中;对比instead of只能接doing。 示例:I prefer to walk rather than take a bus.我宁愿走路,而不是坐公交。 拓展:rather adv.相当;would rather do 宁愿做…… 辨析:rather than vs instead of rather than:可以接动词原形;instead of:介词短语,只能接名词 / doing。 例句1:I prefer to read books rather than watch TV.我宁愿看书而不是看电视。 例句2:He chose to keep trying rather than give up.他选择继续努力而不是放弃。 知识点5:课文原句:As long as we speak up about it and act now, we can make a difference.只要我们就此发声并且立刻行动,我们就可以带来改变。 知识点:as long as只要(引导条件状语从句) 用法解析:连词引导条件状语从句; 时态考点:从句用一般现在时表将来含义,主句用一般将来时; 示例:As long as you work hard, you will make progress.只要你努力,就会取得进步。 例句1:As long as you hold on, you will achieve your dream.只要你坚持,你就会实现梦想。 例句2:You can borrow the book as long as you return it on time.只要你按时归还,你就可以借这本书。 知识点6:课文原句:The wisdom and experience of the elderly are a great treasure to our families, our society and nation.老年人的智慧和经验,对于家庭、社会和国家都是一笔巨大的财富。 知识点:the + 形容词 表示一类人 用法解析:定冠词the +形容词,表示一类人;主谓一致考点:作主语,谓语动词必须用复数; 例 the elderly老年人,the poor穷人; 易错不能省略the;elderly是形容词,the elderly才表示一类人。 示例:The young should respect the old.年轻人应当尊敬老年人。 辨析:elder vs older elder用于家庭成员内部长幼排序;older泛指年龄更大。 例句1:The poor need more help from society.穷人需要社会更多帮助。 例句2:The young are full of energy.年轻人充满活力。 知识点7:课文原句:Little by little, step by step, she became their friend and got to know their needs.一点一点,一步一步,她成了村民的朋友,也了解到他们的需求。 知识点:little by little / step by step 一点点地;逐步地 用法解析:副词短语,在句中作状语;结构“名词+by+同一个名词”, 同类day by day;描述循序渐进慢慢发生变化,不指瞬间完成;常放句首,后面加逗号隔开。 示例:Little by little, his English improved.渐渐地,他的英语进步了。 例句1:Little by little, his English became much better.渐渐地,他的英语好多了。 例句2:You can solve the big problem step by step.你可以一步步解决这个大问题。 知识点8:课文原句:They realised the power of knowledge and sent their children to school.翻译:他们意识到知识的力量,于是送孩子们去上学。 知识点:the power of … ……的力量 用法解析:power抽象不可数名词;固定结构 the power of +名词;power多指抽象力量、势力;physical strength多指身体体力;可以充当主语、宾语。 示例:We believe the power of friendship.我们相信友谊的力量。 拓展:power n.力量;powerful adj.强大的 辨析:power vs strength power:抽象力量、权力;strength:人的身体体力。 例句1:We believe in the power of teamwork.我们相信团队合作的力量。 例句2:The power of love can change many things.爱的力量可以改变很多事。 知识点9:课文原句:It puts greater pressure on healthcare, the workforce and pensions.翻译:这给医疗、劳动力以及养老金带来了更大压力。 知识点:put pressure on对……施加压力 用法解析:固定动词短语;pressure不可数名词,不加s;结构 put +形容词 + pressure on sb/sth;多指社会、心理层面压力。 示例:Too much homework puts pressure on kids.过多作业给孩子施加压力。 拓展:pressure n.压力;press v.按压 例句1:Too much study puts pressure on teenagers.过多学习给青少年带来压力。 例句2:The heavy task puts great pressure on him.繁重的任务给他施加巨大压力。 知识点10:课文原句:Many elderly people can still make contributions to the society.许多老年人仍然可以为社会做出贡献。 知识点:make contributions to对……做出贡献 用法解析:to是介词!后面接名词 / doing动名词,不能接动词原形;可以单数make a contribution to;同义动词短语contribute to。 示例:Everyone should make contributions to our country.|人人都应该为国家做贡献。 拓展:contribution n.贡献;contribute v.做贡献;contribute to 促成,贡献 辨析:contribute to vs make contributions to 语义完全相同;contribute to动词短语;make contributions to动词加名词短语。 例句1:Everyone should make contributions to our country.|每个人都应该为国家做贡献。 例句2:He made great contributions to medical research.|他对医学研究做出巨大贡献。 知识点11:课文原句:These are small actions, but they result in a huge waste of water.这些都是小小的行为,却会造成大量水资源的浪费。 知识点:result in导致,造成 用法解析:动词短语;后面接事情带来的结果;辨析 result from后面接事情的原因;主语可以是人或者事件。 示例:Carelessness results in many mistakes.粗心导致很多错误。 拓展:result n.结果;result from 由……造成 辨析:result in(+结果)vs result from(+原因) A result in B:A是原因,造成B;A result from B:B是原因,产生A。 例句1:Carelessness will result in many mistakes.|粗心会造成很多错误。 例句2:The terrible accident resulted in many people losing their homes.|这场可怕事故造成很多人失去家园。 知识点12:①课文原句:Millions of people are facing water shortages, and it's up to us to make a change. 数百万人正面临水资源短缺,做出改变是我们的责任。 知识点:It’s up to sb to do sth做某事取决于某人;该由某人做某事 用法解析:it作形式主语,真正主语是后面to do不定式; 两层含义:①某事由某人来决定;②该轮到某人承担做某事的责任;up to还有另外含义“多达”。 示例:It’s up to you to choose the book.选这本书由你来决定。 例句1:It’s up to you to decide where we will go.|去哪里由你来决定。 例句2:It is up to us to protect our earth.|保护地球是我们的责任。 知识点13:课文原句:Instead of choosing a career in the capital city, she returned to her hometown, hoping to change the lives of the people there.她没有选择在大城市工作,而是回到家乡,希望改变那里人们的生活。 知识点:现在分词作伴随状语 hoping to change… 用法解析:现在分词doing放逗号后的句尾,作伴随状语;逻辑主语必须和主句主语保持一致;表达主句动作发生的同时伴随的次要动作,表示主动;区分过去分词done作状语表被动。 示例:He sat there, reading a book.他坐在那里,读着一本书。 拓展:hope v.希望;hopeful adj.充满希望;hopeless adj.无望的 辨析:现在分词doing表主动伴随;过去分词done表被动。 例句1:He ran out of the room, shouting loudly.他跑出房间,大声喊叫。 例句2:She sat there, thinking about her future.她坐在那里,思考自己的未来。 二、核心语法精讲 一、时态总复习 1. 一般现在时 定义:表示经常性、习惯性的动作;客观事实、普遍真理;目前稳定的状态。 常用标志词:often, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/year 用法1:描述习惯、经常发生的动作 He grows fruit on the farm every year.他每年在农场种水果。 用法2:客观事实、真理 The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 用法3:当前状态 She knows how to sell fruit online.她懂得网上卖水果。 2. 一般过去时 定义:过去某个特定时间发生并且已经结束的动作;过去存在的状态,只陈述过去发生这件事。 常用标志词:yesterday, last week/year, just now, …ago, in +过去年份 用法1:过去某时间一次性动作 They learnt to grow fruit last year.他们去年学会了种植水果。(只说明去年学了,不强调现在会不会) 用法2:过去持续一段时间的状态 He lived in the village five years ago.五年前他住在这个村子里。 3. 过去进行时 定义:过去某一个具体时刻或者某一段期间内,正在进行的动作。强调“当时正在做”。 基本结构:主语 + was/were + doing(现在分词) 常用标志:at 8 o’clock yesterday, at that time, then, when引导的时间状语 用法1:过去某个时间点正在发生的动作 They were selling fruit online at 8 p.m. yesterday.昨晚八点他们正在网上卖水果。 用法2:过去一段时间持续进行的动作 He was working on the farm all morning that day.那天整个上午他都在农场干活。 用法3:when一个短动作(一般过去)打断长动作(过去进行) I was reading when he came in.他进来的时候,我正在看书。 4. 现在完成时 定义:动作发生在过去,但是不强调动作什么时候做,重点突出这个动作对现在造成的结果或影响。 基本结构:主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词 常用标志词:already, yet, since, for, ever, never 用法1:过去动作,对现在有影响(本课重点) They have learnt to grow fruit and use the internet to sell it.他们已经学会种植水果,并且用网络售卖。 用法2:动作从过去持续到现在(常搭配for/since) He has lived here for 10 years.他已经在这里住了十年。 二、as long as 引导条件状语从句 核心语法规则:主将从现 / 主情从现 / 主祈从现 用法1:主句含有情态动词(can/may/must等) As long as we speak up about it and act now, we can make a difference.只要我们为此发声并且立刻行动,我们就能有所改变。 用法2:主句一般将来时(主将从现) You will pass the exam as long as you keep working hard.只要你坚持努力,你就会通过考试。 用法3:主句为祈使句(主祈从现) Tell me the truth as long as you are ready.只要你准备好了,就把真相告诉我。 三、主谓一致 定义:谓语动词的单复数形式,必须和句子主语保持一致。 规则1:and连接两个并列主语(两个不同的人/物),谓语动词常用复数 The wisdom and experience of the elderly are a great treasure.老年人的智慧和经验是一笔巨大的财富。 解析:wisdom 和 experience 两个东西并列,主语是复数,be动词用are 拓展:Tom and Lily help each other.汤姆和莉莉互相帮助。 规则2:不定代词 everyone / each / no one / nobody / someone / anyone 作主语,谓语动词用单数 Everyone must do his part to protect the environment.每个人都要尽自己一份力量保护环境。 Each of us has a dream.我们每个人都有一个梦想。 规则3:there be 句型——就近原则 be动词(is/are)单复数,由离它最近的名词决定,不看后面所有名词 There is a book and two pens on the desk.桌上有一本书和两支笔。(靠近be的a book单数 → is) There are two pens and a book on the desk.桌上有两支笔和一本书。(靠近be的two pens复数 → are) 规则4:单数名词、不可数名词单独作主语,谓语用单数 Water is important for all living things.水对所有生物都很重要。 The plan works well.这个计划效果很好。 规则5:单数主语后带with, together with, besides,谓语跟随前面主语(就远原则) Tom together with his friends likes reading.汤姆和他的朋友们喜欢阅读。主语核心是Tom单数,谓语likes 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元写作要求:先点明目前存在的环境问题,说明保护环境的重要性,提出几条简单可行的做法,最后发出号召,呼吁大家一起保护环境。 2. 写作框架 假如你是李华,你校将在世界环保日组织一场以Small Changes,Big Difference 为主题的英语演讲活动。请你结合以下提示准备一份演讲稿,分享你曾经为环保做过的小改变和日常生活中的环保小妙招,并呼吁大家一起加入环保行动。 要求:1.语言通顺,要点齐全,条理清楚,书写规范; 2.文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称; 3.100词左右。 Small Changes, Big Difference 谋篇布局 3. 写作素材 重点词汇 1.environment 环境 2.pollution 污染 3.waste 浪费;废弃物 4.rubbish 垃圾 5.sort 分类 6.save 节约 7.electricity 电 8.low-carbon 低碳的 9.action 行动 10.duty 责任 11.protect 保护 12.pollute v. 污染 重点短语 protect the environment 保护环境 save water and electricity 节约水电 make a big difference /matter a lot 有很大影响 call on sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事 It’s our duty to do… 做…… 是我们的责任 重点句子 优秀开头句 1. Nowadays, waste and pollution are around us. I’m writing to call on all of you to protect the environment. 如今浪费和污染就在身边,我写信号召大家保护环境。 2. Our environment is facing some problems, so I hope we can do something to help.我们的环境正面临一些问题,我希望我们可以做点什么。 内容介绍句 1. It’s our duty to protect the environment and it is good for our health.保护环境是我们的责任,它有益于我们的健康。 2. We should save water and electricity whenever we can.我们应当随时节约水电。 3. We can sort rubbish and avoid throwing rubbish everywhere.我们可以做好垃圾分类,不要随地扔垃圾。 4. It’s a good choice for us to take low-carbon ways like riding bikes.选择骑车这类低碳方式出行是很好的选择。 5. Small actions can make a big difference to our environment.小小的行动会给环境带来巨大改变。 优秀结尾句 1. Let’s take action from small things. Our efforts will make the world more beautiful.让我们从小事行动起来,我们的努力会让世界更美好。 2. I hope everyone can join us and try to build a greener world.我希望每个人都加入我们,共建绿色世界。 4. 范文背诵 Small Changes, Big Difference Good morning, everyone! I'm Li Hua. It's my great honor to talk about environmental protection on World Environment Day. Small daily changes can make a big difference to the earth. I once wasted electricity and water a lot, but now I always turn off lights and taps in time. I also no longer use disposable plastic bags and take a reusable cloth bag when shopping. Here are some easy tips. Walk or ride bikes for short trips instead of taking cars. Sort waste and recycle paper, bottles and cans. Plant small trees with family to green our life. Protecting the earth needs everyone's effort. Let's start from small things around us. Every small change we make will build a better world. Let's work together for a greener future! Thank you! 一、根据汉语提示完成句子(10题) 1. Many people in poor areas still suffer from _______________ (饥饿). 2. The old man’s story _______________ (激励) us to work harder for our hometown. 3. We had a hot _______________ (讨论) about the aging population yesterday. 4. Natural _______________ (灾难) like hurricanes and wildfires are becoming more frequent. 5. We should value the _______________ (品质) of honesty and kindness. 6. The _______________ (需求) for clean water is growing quickly around the world. 7. Everyone can make a _______________ (贡献) to protecting the environment. 8. Nowadays, the country is facing an _______________ (老化的) population problem. 9. We should learn to _______________ (重复使用) paper and bottles in daily life. 10. In _______________ (现实), small actions can bring great changes. 【答案】1. hunger 2. inspires 3. discussion 4. disasters 5. qualities 6. demand 7. contribution 8. aging 9. reuse 10. reality 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. He _______________ (discover) a good way to save water last month. 2. Her _______________ (willing) to help others wins everyone’s praise. 3. The heavy storm caused the _______________ (lose) of many houses. 4. We hope for a _______________ (reduce) in pollution in the near future. 5. The _______________ (nation) government pays more attention to healthcare. 6. It is _______________ (possibly) for us to solve the problem step by step. 7. He _______________ (gain) much useful experience during the activity. 8. Public _______________ (transport) makes our life much easier. 9. _______________ (extreme) weather is one result of climate change. 10. Every small thing we do _______________ (count). 【答案】1. discovered 2. willingness 3. loss 4. reduction 5. national 6. possible 7. gained 8. transport 9. Extreme 10. counts 三.完形填空 (23-24九年级上·河南新乡·期中)先通读短文,掌握其大意,然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 Recently, I have read an article named “Small Acts of Kindness (善举)”. I completely agree with the writer’s 1 — It takes nothing to be nice. It really made me think 2 . I was 3 New Zealand in January visiting my son and grandson. I only had a little cash (现金) on me as we stopped for a 4 and a cake, but the coffee shop wouldn’t take cards. As I counted out my coins and realized (意识到) I needed another two dollars to 5 the cake, two boys waiting behind me saw this and one boy spoke up, “I can pay the 6 for you.” It surprised me that a boy who didn’t 7 know me could be so kind. I refused his offer and just had the drink, but I 8 him from the bottom (底部) of my heart. 9 I went back to the UK, I “paid this forward”. This expression (表达) means to do something kind or 10 for someone because someone else has done something good for you. I first 11 this expression in Lily Hardy Hammond’s book, In the Garden of Delight. That afternoon, at the store near my house, I met a young lady who didn’t have 12 cash to pay for a hairband that her daughter was thirsty for. I paid the bill for 13 . It was only £2.99, but it made me 14 good. Small acts of kindness can make the world a better place. I’ll do this much 15 in the future. Then it not only makes me happy but also makes others glad. 1.A.opinion B.result C.hope D.plan 2.A.finally B.clearly C.deeply D.luckily 3.A.under B.with C.in D.for 4.A.drink B.hamburger C.pie D.sandwich 5.A.deal with B.find out C.take away D.pay for 6.A.present B.rest C.tour D.day 7.A.only B.even C.still D.just 8.A.accepted B.helped C.avoided D.thanked 9.A.After B.Because C.Though D.If 10.A.funny B.strange C.polite D.helpful 11.A.changed B.worried C.learned D.forgot 12.A.little B.enough C.expensive D.huge 13.A.her B.him C.it D.them 14.A.sound B.feel C.look D.smell 15.A.quicker B.fewer C.faster D.more 【答案】1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.D 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者阅读了一篇关于“善举”的文章后深受触动,回忆了自己在新西兰时受到陌生男孩帮助的经历,并在回国后通过帮助他人将善意传递下去的故事。 【详解】1.句意:我完全同意作者的观点——友善无需付出任何代价。 根据前文“read an article”及“agree with”,可知是认同作者的看法。应选用opinion,意为“观点,看法”。result意为“结果”,hope意为“希望”,plan意为“计划”,均不符合语境。 2.句意:这真的让我深有感触。 根据前文认同作者观点,且后文结合自身经历践行善举,可知文章让作者思考得很深入。应选用deeply,意为“深刻地,深深地”。finally意为“最后”,clearly意为“清晰地”,luckily意为“幸运地”,均不符合。 3.句意:一月份我在新西兰看望我的儿子和孙子。 表示“在某个国家”,用介词in。应选用in,意为“在……里”。under意为“在……下面”,with意为“和……一起”,for意为“为了”,均不符合地点表达规则。 4.句意:我身上只带了一点现金,因为我们停下来想买一杯饮品和一块蛋糕,但咖啡店不收银行卡。 根据后文“the coffee shop”及“I just had the drink”,可知是想买饮品。应选用drink,意为“饮品,饮料”。hamburger意为“汉堡”,pie意为“馅饼”,sandwich意为“三明治”,均与咖啡店场景不符。 5.句意:当我数硬币时,意识到还需要两美元来买蛋糕,身后的两个男孩看到了这一幕。 根据前文带现金买东西,可知此处是支付蛋糕的费用。应选用pay for,意为“为……付款”。deal with意为“处理”,find out意为“查明”,take away意为“拿走”,均不符合。 6.句意:其中一个男孩大声说:“我可以帮你付剩下的钱。” 结合前文差两美元买蛋糕,男孩是要帮忙支付差额,rest在此处指代“剩余的钱”,意为“剩余部分”。present意为“礼物”,tour意为“旅行”,day意为“天”,均不符合。 7.句意:一个甚至不认识我的男孩能如此善良,这让我很惊讶。 根据语境,男孩与作者素不相识,用even加强语气,突出意外之感。应选用even,意为“甚至”。only意为“仅仅”,still意为“仍然”,just意为“只是”,均无法体现语气。 8.句意:我拒绝了他的好意,只买了饮品,但我从心底里感谢他。 根据男孩的善意相助,即便拒绝,作者也心怀感激。应选用thanked,意为“感谢”。accepted意为“接受”,helped意为“帮助”,avoided意为“避免”,均不符合。 9.句意:回到英国后,我将这份善意传递了下去。 根据后文在英国的商店帮助他人,可知是回国之后的行为,表时间先后。应选用After,意为“在……之后”。Because意为“因为”,Though意为“虽然”,If意为“如果”,均不符合逻辑。 10.句意:这个表达的意思是,因为别人为你做了好事,你也为别人做一些善良或有帮助的事。 根据“kind”可知此处是并列的褒义形容词,结合善举的属性,应是有帮助的。应选用helpful,意为“有帮助的”。funny意为“有趣的”,strange意为“奇怪的”,polite意为“有礼貌的”,均不如helpful贴合语境。 11.句意:我第一次在莉莉·哈迪·哈蒙德的《欢乐花园》一书中看到这个表达。 根据“in Lily Hardy Hammond’s book”,可知是从书中了解到这个表达。应选用learned,意为“学到,了解到”。changed意为“改变”,worried意为“担心”,forgot意为“忘记”,均不符合。 12.句意:那天下午,在我家附近的商店里,我遇到一位年轻女士,她没有足够的现金买女儿渴望的发带。 根据后文作者为其付款,可知女士的现金不够。应选用enough,意为“足够的”。little意为“少量的”,expensive意为“昂贵的”,huge意为“巨大的”,均不符合。 13.句意:我为她付了账。 此处指代前文的“a young lady”,女性第三人称单数,作介词for的宾语。应选用her,意为“她”。him意为“他”,it意为“它”,them意为“他们”,均不符合指代对象。 14.句意:虽然只花了2.99英镑,但这让我感觉很好。 帮助他人后内心产生的美好感受,应用feel搭配,意为“感觉”。sound意为“听起来”,look意为“看起来”,smell意为“闻起来”,均不符合。 15.句意:小小的善举能让世界变得更美好,我以后会做更多这样的事。 根据前文的经历和感悟,作者决心未来做更多善举,much修饰比较级more,表“更多”。应选用more,意为“更多”。quicker意为“更快的”,fewer意为“更少的”,faster意为“更快地”,均不符合。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 2 Making a Better World(知识清单)英语新教材北师大版九年级下册
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