内容正文:
Unit 6 Beyond Earth
Unit 6 课时3 Section A Grammar focus 4a-4c核心知识梳理
一、必背词汇
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1. 地质;地质学(名词):geology
2. 人造卫星;卫星(名词):satellite
3. 疯狂的;不理智的(形容词):crazy
4. 人;人类(短语):human being
5. 要求;需要(动词):require
6. 取消;终止(动词):cancel
7. 刊登;出版(动词):publish
8. 火箭(名词):rocket
9. 系外行星(名词):exoplanet
10. 太阳的;太阳能的(形容词):solar
11. 对…… 做研究(短语):do research on
12. 去…… 的旅行:the trip to
13. 航天中心:the space centre
14. 充满:be filled with
15. 数以千计的;成千上万的:thousands of
16. 四处移动;绕着…… 转:move around
17. 到目前为止:so far
18. 为…… 所知:be known to
19. 随着技术的进步:as technology improves
20. 与…… 相似:be similar to
21. 对…… 感到兴奋:be excited about
1. 地质;地质学(名词):________
2. 人造卫星;卫星(名词):________
3. 疯狂的;不理智的(形容词):________
4. 人;人类(短语):________
5. 要求;需要(动词):________
6. 取消;终止(动词):________
7. 刊登;出版(动词):________
8. 火箭(名词):________
9. 系外行星(名词):________
10. 太阳的;太阳能的(形容词):________
11. 对…… 做研究(短语):________
12. 去…… 的旅行(短语):________
13. 航天中心(短语):________
14. 充满(短语):________
15. 数以千计的;成千上万的(短语):________
16. 四处移动;绕着…… 转(短语):________
17. 到目前为止(短语):________
18. 为…… 所知(短语):________
19. 随着技术的进步(短语):________
20. 与…… 相似(短语):________
21. 对…… 感到兴奋(短语):________
二、必会考点
1.一般将来时态被动语态
1. New technology will soon be developed!新技术很快将会被研发出来!
2. Exploration of the planet Mars will be continued.对火星的探索将会继续进行。
3. International research stations will be built on the moon and Mars.
国际研究站将会建在月球和火星上。
4. Will life be found on another planet?在其他星球上会发现生命吗?
5. Will you be visited by other astronauts?会有其他宇航员来拜访你吗?
一般将来时态被动语态
一、核心含义
一般将来时:动作将要发生
被动语态:主语是动作的承受者(不是发出动作的人)
👉 翻译:…… 将会被……
✅ 基础主动对比:
主动:Someone will develop new technology.有人将会研发新技术。(someone 是动作发出者)
被动:New technology will soon be developed.新技术很快将会被研发出来。(new technology 承受 “研发” 这个动作,就是课文原句)
一般将来时
主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他
Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。
When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成?
二、固定结构(必背!)
will be + 及物动词的过去分词 (done)
四种句式
1. 肯定句:主语 + will be + done
International research stations will be built.国际科研站将会被建造。
2. 否定句:主语 + will not (won’t) be + done
The plan won’t be changed.这个计划不会被更改。
3. 一般疑问句:Will + 主语 + be + done?
Will life be found on another planet?别的星球上会发现生命吗?(课文原句)
4. 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + done?
Where will the stations be built?这些空间站将会建在哪里?
主动语态变被动语态(三步法)
以主动句为例:We will build a new hospital next year.我们明年将建一座新医院。
步骤
操作
结果
第一步
把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语
A new hospital
第二步
谓语变为 "will be + 过去分词"
will be built
第三步
主动句的主语变为 by + 宾格(可省略)
by us
更多转换示例
主动语态
被动语态
People will forget this story.
This story will be forgotten (by people).
They will hold a meeting tomorrow.
A meeting will be held tomorrow.
We are going to discuss the problem.
The problem is going to be discussed.
【即学即练】
1. A new rocket ________ (send) into space soon.
2. ________ more exoplanets ________ (find) in the future?
3. The work ________ (not finish) today.
4. They will continue the exploration.(改为被动)
The exploration ________ ________ ________.
2.For a long time, scientists have known that the universe is filled with stars.
长期以来,科学家们都知道宇宙中布满了恒星。
be filled with系表结构(源于被动语态)充满;装满
句式
结构
中文含义
例句
主动
fill A with B
用 B 装满 A
She fills the bottle with water.她用水装满瓶子。
被动 / 系表
A be filled with B
A 被 B 装满;A 充满 B
The bottle is filled with water.瓶子装满了水。
短语
核心含义
侧重点
例句
be filled with
充满;装满
源自 fill 的被动,侧重 “被装填进去” 这个结果
The universe is filled with stars.
be full of
充满;满是
full 形容词,单纯描述状态,最常用来替换
The universe is full of stars.
be crowded with
挤满;满是
侧重人、大量生物拥挤
The square is crowded with visitors.
be packed with
塞满;挤满
强调塞得满满当当、紧凑
The box is packed with tools.
【即学即练】
1. The schoolbag ________ ________ ________ (充满) storybooks.(用 be filled with)
2. Please fill the glass ________ milk.(with / of)
3. The garden is full ________ different flowers.(with / of)
4. The universe ________ ________ ________ stars.(课文原句)
3. In more recent times, however, thousands of “exoplanets” have also been discovered.
然而,在近代,成千上万颗 “系外行星” 也已经被发现。
①thousands of数以千计的;成千上万的 表示:模糊数量,概数
结构
形式
含义
例句
数词 + thousand
thousand 不加 s,后面不加 of
准确数字:几千
two thousand students 两千名学生
thousands of
thousand 加 s,必须搭配 of
模糊概数:成千上万
thousands of stars 成千上万颗恒星
同类概数短语:
hundreds of 数以百计的 millions of 数百万的 billions of 数十亿的
例句:
1. Thousands of people visit the space centre every year.每年有成千上万的人参观航天中心。
2. Five thousand rockets have been made.五千枚火箭已经被制造出来。
②在完成时被动:已经被……
强调:动作在过去发生,对现在造成影响 / 结果;主语是动作的承受者。
句式
结构
肯定
主语 + have /has + been + 过去分词 (done)
否定
主语 + have /has + not + been + done haven’t / hasn’t been done
一般疑问
Have / Has + 主语 + been + done?
特殊疑问
疑问词 + have /has + 主语 + been + done?
【即学即练】
1. ________ (thousand) of exoplanets have been found.
2. There are three ________ (thousand) workers in the factory.
3. ________ of students took part in the science show. (Thousand / Thousands)
4. So far, thousands of exoplanets ________ ________ ________ (discover).
5. A new rocket ________ ________ ________ (not send) into space yet.(单数)
6. Have the research stations ________ ________ (build)?
7. Scientists have found many new stars.(改为被动)
Many new stars ________ ________ ________ by scientists.
4.So far, more than 5,000 exoplanets have been known to us, and as technology improves, many more will be found.到目前为止,我们已知的系外行星有 5000 多颗;随着技术进步,还会发现更多。
be known to为…… 所知;被…… 所熟知
短语
含义
例句
be known to
为…… 所知
So far, more than 5,000 exoplanets have been known to us.到目前为止,五千多颗系外行星已经为我们所知。(课文原句)
be known for
因…… 而出名
The place is known for its space museum.这个地方因太空博物馆而出名。
be known as
作为…… 而出名
He is known as a great scientist.他作为一名伟大的科学家而出名。
【即学即练】
1. So far, these stars ________ ________ ________ (know to) humans.(现在完成被动)
2. The town is known ________ its rocket factory. (to / for / as)
3. Yuan Longping is known ________ a great scientist. (to / for / as)
4. This secret isn’t known ________ anyone else. (to / for / as)
5.Some exoplanets are similar to Earth.一些系外行星和地球相似。
be similar to与…… 相似
短语
含义
例句
be similar to
与…… 相似
Some exoplanets are similar to Earth.一些系外行星和地球相似。(课文原句)
be the same as
和…… 相同
Her bag is the same as mine. 她的包和我的一样。
【即学即练】
1. Some exoplanets ________ ________ ________ (be similar to) Earth.
2. My new rocket model is similar ________ yours. (to / with / as)
3. The two planets are not the same ________ each other. (to / with / as)
4. This machine ________ ________ ________ (not be similar to) that one.
6.Scientists are excited about this.科学家们对此感到兴奋。
be excited about对…… 感到兴奋;对…… 激动
单词
修饰对象
含义
搭配
例句
excited
人(主语是人)
感到兴奋的(被动感受)
①be excited about sth
②be excited to do sth
Scientists are excited about this.科学家们对此感到兴奋。
exciting
事物
令人兴奋的(事物本身让人激动)
修饰名词 / 作表语(物作主语)
It is an exciting discovery. 这是一项令人振奋的发现。
✅ 拓展搭配
1. be excited about + 名词 / 代词 /doing
He is excited about the trip to Mars.他对火星之旅感到兴奋。
She is excited about visiting the space centre.她对参观航天中心感到兴奋。
2. be excited to do sth 很兴奋去做某事
We are excited to see the new rocket.我们很兴奋能看到这枚新火箭。
【即学即练】
1. Scientists ________ ________ ________ (be excited about) this discovery.
2. The news is ________ (excited / exciting).
3. He is excited ________ the trip to the space centre. (about / to)
4. The kids were excited ________ (see) the satellite model.(to do)
7.It is thought that if there is water, there might also be alien life!人们认为,如果有水,或许也会存在外星生命!
It is thought that + 从句 被动句型(it 形式主语)人们认为……;大家认为……
✅ 句型拆解
It:形式主语,没有实际意思,只是占位
is thought:think 的一般现在时被动语态,“被认为”
that 从句:真正的主语(主语从句)
句型
翻译
It is said that…
据说……
It is reported that…
据报道……
It is believed that…
人们相信……
It is known that…
众所周知……
【即学即练】
1. It ________ ________ (think) that many exoplanets are similar to Earth.
2. It is thought that aliens exist.(改为简单句)
Aliens ________ ________ ________ exist.
3. ________ is thought that the technology will develop fast.(It / That)
✅ 核心语法:一般将来时被动语态 will be done & 现在完成时被动语态 have/has been done
1、 必背单词(语法填空高频・词形变换)
单词
词性
释义
易错变形 & 拓展
require
v.
需要;要求
required (过去式 / 过去分词);requirement n. 需要,要求
cancel
v.
取消;终止
cancelled/canceled;cancelling/canceling
publish
v.
出版;刊登
published;publishing;publication n. 出版
geology
n.
地质;地质学
geological adj. 地质的;geologist n. 地质学家
solar
adj.
太阳的;太阳能的
solar system 太阳系
satellite
n.
卫星;人造卫星
satellites (复数)
exoplanet
n.
系外行星
exoplanets (复数)
二、Grammar Focus 重点句型(课本原句,必背)
1. New technology will soon be developed.
新技术很快将会被研发出来。(一般将来被动)
2. Exploration of Mars will be continued.
对火星的探索将会继续。(一般将来被动)
3. International research stations will be built on the moon and Mars.
国际科研站将会建在月球和火星上。(一般将来被动)
4. Will life be found on another planet?
别的星球上会发现生命吗?(一般将来被动一般疑问)
5. Thousands of exoplanets have been discovered.
成千上万颗系外行星已经被发现。(现在完成被动)
6. So far, more than 5,000 exoplanets have been known to us.
到目前为止,五千多颗系外行星已经为我们所知。(现在完成被动 + be known to)
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Unit 6 Beyond Earth
Unit 6 课时3 Section A Grammar focus 4a-4c核心知识梳理
一、必背词汇
学科网(北京)股份有限公司1 / 11
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. 地质;地质学(名词):geology
2. 人造卫星;卫星(名词):satellite
3. 疯狂的;不理智的(形容词):crazy
4. 人;人类(短语):human being
5. 要求;需要(动词):require
6. 取消;终止(动词):cancel
7. 刊登;出版(动词):publish
8. 火箭(名词):rocket
9. 系外行星(名词):exoplanet
10. 太阳的;太阳能的(形容词):solar
11. 对…… 做研究(短语):do research on
12. 去…… 的旅行:the trip to
13. 航天中心:the space centre
14. 充满:be filled with
15. 数以千计的;成千上万的:thousands of
16. 四处移动;绕着…… 转:move around
17. 到目前为止:so far
18. 为…… 所知:be known to
19. 随着技术的进步:as technology improves
20. 与…… 相似:be similar to
21. 对…… 感到兴奋:be excited about
1. 地质;地质学(名词):________
2. 人造卫星;卫星(名词):________
3. 疯狂的;不理智的(形容词):________
4. 人;人类(短语):________
5. 要求;需要(动词):________
6. 取消;终止(动词):________
7. 刊登;出版(动词):________
8. 火箭(名词):________
9. 系外行星(名词):________
10. 太阳的;太阳能的(形容词):________
11. 对…… 做研究(短语):________
12. 去…… 的旅行(短语):________
13. 航天中心(短语):________
14. 充满(短语):________
15. 数以千计的;成千上万的(短语):________
16. 四处移动;绕着…… 转(短语):________
17. 到目前为止(短语):________
18. 为…… 所知(短语):________
19. 随着技术的进步(短语):________
20. 与…… 相似(短语):________
21. 对…… 感到兴奋(短语):________
二、必会考点
1.一般将来时态被动语态
1. New technology will soon be developed!新技术很快将会被研发出来!
2. Exploration of the planet Mars will be continued.对火星的探索将会继续进行。
3. International research stations will be built on the moon and Mars.
国际研究站将会建在月球和火星上。
4. Will life be found on another planet?在其他星球上会发现生命吗?
5. Will you be visited by other astronauts?会有其他宇航员来拜访你吗?
一般将来时态被动语态
一、核心含义
一般将来时:动作将要发生
被动语态:主语是动作的承受者(不是发出动作的人)
👉 翻译:…… 将会被……
✅ 基础主动对比:
主动:Someone will develop new technology.有人将会研发新技术。(someone 是动作发出者)
被动:New technology will soon be developed.新技术很快将会被研发出来。(new technology 承受 “研发” 这个动作,就是课文原句)
一般将来时
主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他
Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。
When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成?
二、固定结构(必背!)
will be + 及物动词的过去分词 (done)
四种句式
1. 肯定句:主语 + will be + done
International research stations will be built.国际科研站将会被建造。
2. 否定句:主语 + will not (won’t) be + done
The plan won’t be changed.这个计划不会被更改。
3. 一般疑问句:Will + 主语 + be + done?
Will life be found on another planet?别的星球上会发现生命吗?(课文原句)
4. 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + done?
Where will the stations be built?这些空间站将会建在哪里?
主动语态变被动语态(三步法)
以主动句为例:We will build a new hospital next year.我们明年将建一座新医院。
步骤
操作
结果
第一步
把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语
A new hospital
第二步
谓语变为 "will be + 过去分词"
will be built
第三步
主动句的主语变为 by + 宾格(可省略)
by us
更多转换示例
主动语态
被动语态
People will forget this story.
This story will be forgotten (by people).
They will hold a meeting tomorrow.
A meeting will be held tomorrow.
We are going to discuss the problem.
The problem is going to be discussed.
【即学即练】
1. A new rocket ________ (send) into space soon.
2. ________ more exoplanets ________ (find) in the future?
3. The work ________ (not finish) today.
4. They will continue the exploration.(改为被动)
The exploration ________ ________ ________.
【参考答案】1. will be sent 2. Will; be found 3. won’t be finished 4. will be continued
2.For a long time, scientists have known that the universe is filled with stars.
长期以来,科学家们都知道宇宙中布满了恒星。
be filled with系表结构(源于被动语态)充满;装满
句式
结构
中文含义
例句
主动
fill A with B
用 B 装满 A
She fills the bottle with water.她用水装满瓶子。
被动 / 系表
A be filled with B
A 被 B 装满;A 充满 B
The bottle is filled with water.瓶子装满了水。
短语
核心含义
侧重点
例句
be filled with
充满;装满
源自 fill 的被动,侧重 “被装填进去” 这个结果
The universe is filled with stars.
be full of
充满;满是
full 形容词,单纯描述状态,最常用来替换
The universe is full of stars.
be crowded with
挤满;满是
侧重人、大量生物拥挤
The square is crowded with visitors.
be packed with
塞满;挤满
强调塞得满满当当、紧凑
The box is packed with tools.
【即学即练】
1. The schoolbag ________ ________ ________ (充满) storybooks.(用 be filled with)
2. Please fill the glass ________ milk.(with / of)
3. The garden is full ________ different flowers.(with / of)
4. The universe ________ ________ ________ stars.(课文原句)
【参考答案】1. is filled with 2. with 3. of 4. is filled with
3. In more recent times, however, thousands of “exoplanets” have also been discovered.
然而,在近代,成千上万颗 “系外行星” 也已经被发现。
①thousands of数以千计的;成千上万的 表示:模糊数量,概数
结构
形式
含义
例句
数词 + thousand
thousand 不加 s,后面不加 of
准确数字:几千
two thousand students 两千名学生
thousands of
thousand 加 s,必须搭配 of
模糊概数:成千上万
thousands of stars 成千上万颗恒星
同类概数短语:
hundreds of 数以百计的 millions of 数百万的 billions of 数十亿的
例句:
1. Thousands of people visit the space centre every year.每年有成千上万的人参观航天中心。
2. Five thousand rockets have been made.五千枚火箭已经被制造出来。
②在完成时被动:已经被……
强调:动作在过去发生,对现在造成影响 / 结果;主语是动作的承受者。
句式
结构
肯定
主语 + have /has + been + 过去分词 (done)
否定
主语 + have /has + not + been + done haven’t / hasn’t been done
一般疑问
Have / Has + 主语 + been + done?
特殊疑问
疑问词 + have /has + 主语 + been + done?
【即学即练】
1. ________ (thousand) of exoplanets have been found.
2. There are three ________ (thousand) workers in the factory.
3. ________ of students took part in the science show. (Thousand / Thousands)
4. So far, thousands of exoplanets ________ ________ ________ (discover).
5. A new rocket ________ ________ ________ (not send) into space yet.(单数)
6. Have the research stations ________ ________ (build)?
7. Scientists have found many new stars.(改为被动)
Many new stars ________ ________ ________ by scientists.
【参考答案】1. Thousands 2. thousand 3. Thousands 4. have been discovered 5. hasn’t been sent
6. been built 7. have been found
4.So far, more than 5,000 exoplanets have been known to us, and as technology improves, many more will be found.到目前为止,我们已知的系外行星有 5000 多颗;随着技术进步,还会发现更多。
be known to为…… 所知;被…… 所熟知
短语
含义
例句
be known to
为…… 所知
So far, more than 5,000 exoplanets have been known to us.到目前为止,五千多颗系外行星已经为我们所知。(课文原句)
be known for
因…… 而出名
The place is known for its space museum.这个地方因太空博物馆而出名。
be known as
作为…… 而出名
He is known as a great scientist.他作为一名伟大的科学家而出名。
【即学即练】
1. So far, these stars ________ ________ ________ (know to) humans.(现在完成被动)
2. The town is known ________ its rocket factory. (to / for / as)
3. Yuan Longping is known ________ a great scientist. (to / for / as)
4. This secret isn’t known ________ anyone else. (to / for / as)
【参考答案】1. have been known to 2. for 3. as 4. to
5.Some exoplanets are similar to Earth.一些系外行星和地球相似。
be similar to与…… 相似
短语
含义
例句
be similar to
与…… 相似
Some exoplanets are similar to Earth.一些系外行星和地球相似。(课文原句)
be the same as
和…… 相同
Her bag is the same as mine. 她的包和我的一样。
【即学即练】
1. Some exoplanets ________ ________ ________ (be similar to) Earth.
2. My new rocket model is similar ________ yours. (to / with / as)
3. The two planets are not the same ________ each other. (to / with / as)
4. This machine ________ ________ ________ (not be similar to) that one.
【参考答案】1. are similar to 2. to 3. as 4. isn’t similar to
6.Scientists are excited about this.科学家们对此感到兴奋。
be excited about对…… 感到兴奋;对…… 激动
单词
修饰对象
含义
搭配
例句
excited
人(主语是人)
感到兴奋的(被动感受)
①be excited about sth
②be excited to do sth
Scientists are excited about this.科学家们对此感到兴奋。
exciting
事物
令人兴奋的(事物本身让人激动)
修饰名词 / 作表语(物作主语)
It is an exciting discovery. 这是一项令人振奋的发现。
✅ 拓展搭配
1. be excited about + 名词 / 代词 /doing
He is excited about the trip to Mars.他对火星之旅感到兴奋。
She is excited about visiting the space centre.她对参观航天中心感到兴奋。
2. be excited to do sth 很兴奋去做某事
We are excited to see the new rocket.我们很兴奋能看到这枚新火箭。
【即学即练】
1. Scientists ________ ________ ________ (be excited about) this discovery.
2. The news is ________ (excited / exciting).
3. He is excited ________ the trip to the space centre. (about / to)
4. The kids were excited ________ (see) the satellite model.(to do)
【参考答案】1. are excited about 2. exciting 3. about 4. to see
7.It is thought that if there is water, there might also be alien life!人们认为,如果有水,或许也会存在外星生命!
It is thought that + 从句 被动句型(it 形式主语)人们认为……;大家认为……
✅ 句型拆解
It:形式主语,没有实际意思,只是占位
is thought:think 的一般现在时被动语态,“被认为”
that 从句:真正的主语(主语从句)
句型
翻译
It is said that…
据说……
It is reported that…
据报道……
It is believed that…
人们相信……
It is known that…
众所周知……
【即学即练】
1. It ________ ________ (think) that many exoplanets are similar to Earth.
2. It is thought that aliens exist.(改为简单句)
Aliens ________ ________ ________ exist.
3. ________ is thought that the technology will develop fast.(It / That)
【参考答案】1. is thought 2. are thought to 3. It
✅ 核心语法:一般将来时被动语态 will be done & 现在完成时被动语态 have/has been done
1、 必背单词(语法填空高频・词形变换)
单词
词性
释义
易错变形 & 拓展
require
v.
需要;要求
required (过去式 / 过去分词);requirement n. 需要,要求
cancel
v.
取消;终止
cancelled/canceled;cancelling/canceling
publish
v.
出版;刊登
published;publishing;publication n. 出版
geology
n.
地质;地质学
geological adj. 地质的;geologist n. 地质学家
solar
adj.
太阳的;太阳能的
solar system 太阳系
satellite
n.
卫星;人造卫星
satellites (复数)
exoplanet
n.
系外行星
exoplanets (复数)
二、Grammar Focus 重点句型(课本原句,必背)
1. New technology will soon be developed.
新技术很快将会被研发出来。(一般将来被动)
2. Exploration of Mars will be continued.
对火星的探索将会继续。(一般将来被动)
3. International research stations will be built on the moon and Mars.
国际科研站将会建在月球和火星上。(一般将来被动)
4. Will life be found on another planet?
别的星球上会发现生命吗?(一般将来被动一般疑问)
5. Thousands of exoplanets have been discovered.
成千上万颗系外行星已经被发现。(现在完成被动)
6. So far, more than 5,000 exoplanets have been known to us.
到目前为止,五千多颗系外行星已经为我们所知。(现在完成被动 + be known to)
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