内容正文:
第四部分 语法填空
第01讲 语法填空 — 有提示词
考情分析
年份
卷别
词数
有提示词
无提示词
谓语
非谓语
名词
形容词副词
代词
介词
冠词
数词
并列连词
从属连词
2026
全国I卷
230
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
全国II卷
264
1
2
2
1+1
1
1
1
浙江1月
222
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
2025
全国I卷
258
2
1
1
1+1
1
1
1
1
全国II卷
240
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
浙江1月
226
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
2024
全国I卷
243
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
全国Ⅱ卷
220
2
3
2
1
1
1
1.从命题内容上看,高考命题主要从以下几方面考查:
1)考查中国传统文化; 2)考查人物故事; 3)考查科学技术进步;
4)考查跨学科融合; 5)考查中外文化交流,国际视野。
注重通过语篇体现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴,引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀,坚定文化自信,拓展国际视野,在跨文化交流学习中增进国际理解,推动世界文明共同发展。
2.从命题思路上看:
1) 考查谓语动词一般都给出比较具体的时间状语,考生能通过时间状语确定相应的时态,难度适中;
2) 非谓语动词的考查多集中在作定语或状语成分上,难点是根据语境确定用哪种非谓语动词形式;
3) 形容词和副词考查频繁,但难度较小,一般考查词形转换,考查比较等级是相对较难的方向。
4) 名词考查主要考查:名词的单复数、名词所有格、词形转换
5) 代词考查较少,主要考查:代词的格、形容词性物主代词、反身代词。
有提示词类:设置6~7个小题
高频考点
谓语动词
1~2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致,其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题,答案最多三个单词。
非谓语动词
1~2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词,每种最多设1题。
派生词
1~3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。
名词
0~1题。主要考查可数名词的复数,也可能会考查名词的所有格。
形容词和副词类
0~1题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换,以及其比较级或最高级。
低频考点
代词:0~1题。一般给出人称代词的主格,要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。
· 考点一 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
知识点1 动词的时态
一、确定作谓语
分析句子结构,若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但空处所填词与之是并列关系时,空处就用谓语动词。
若填谓语动词,就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
(1)根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态;
(2)根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态;
(3)根据人称和数,确保主谓一致。
二、确定时态
1.根据具体的时间状语:常见的时态的时间状语标志词
时态
时间状语
一般现在时
now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等
一般过去时
yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等
一般将来时
next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等
现在进行时
now, at present, at this moment等
现在完成时
since+时间点,in/over the past... years, in recent years, for+时间段, so far等
过去完成时
by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等
2.根据具并列关系:
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
3.根据常用句式定时态:
(1) was/were doing... when...+一般过去时
(2) was/were about to do... when...+一般过去时
(3) it is the+序数词+time+that...+现在完成时
(4) it was the+序数词+time+that...+过去完成时
(5) No sooner had+主语+done... than+一般过去时
(6) Hardly/Scarcely had+主语+done... when+一般过去时
(7) It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时
4.根据语境暗示。
没有标志性的时间状语,且其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过正确理解语境暗示解题,也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。
知识点2 动词的语态
确定语态
1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系
(1)分析句子结构,发现提示词作谓语,若与主语之间是主动关系,应考虑用主动语态;若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。
(2)被动语态的基本形式为:be+过去分词。
(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态,再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。
2.主动表被动
(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时;
(2)当read,sell,wear,write,wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时;
知识点3 主谓一致
得分速记
确定“主谓一致”
项目
主语
谓语动词
语法
一致
不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number of+复数可数名词
单数
复数可数名词,and连接的两个名词,a number of+复数可数名词
复数
(together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语
与前面主语一致
意义
一致
“the+形容词”表示抽象概念;强调整体的集合名词
单数
“the+形容词”表示一类人或物;强调个体的集合名词
复数
就近
一致
neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语;“here/there+谓语+主语”结构中的主语不止一个时
与邻近主语一致
· 思维建模:
一、利用平行关系解决时态问题
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
二、确定谓语动词语态的关键
确定谓语动词语态的关键是弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系。如果所给动词的主语是动作的执行者,则用主动语态;若所给动词的主语是动作的承受者,则用被动语态。
1.“一定”辨明主语、谓语和时态。
2.牢记常考时态的被动语态结构,一般时态中be done=get/become done; 牢记主动表被动含义的常见结构,如“用作不及物意义的动词+副词”。
· 考点二 提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
确定作非谓语
分析句子结构,所给提示词是动词时,若句中已有谓语动词,又无连词时,则考虑填非谓语动词。
知识点1 非谓语动词作状语
1.寻找线索
(1) 挖空句有谓语动词,通常用逗号把状语与主干分隔开。
(2) 我们需要认真分析句子结构,明确句子成分,先甄别出句子的主干,再确定用哪种形式作状语。
2.解题指导
(1) 找句子主干:认真阅读挖空的句子,找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语),从而正确理解句意。
(2) 确定谓语动词和非谓语动词:分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
(3) 确定填哪种非谓语动词形式:
① 主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系:表目的,用to do; 表出乎意料的结果,用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果,用doing。
② 主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系:表动作还未发生,用to be done; 表动作已经发生,用done。
知识点2 非谓语动词作定语
1.寻找线索
(1)空格可在名词或代词之前,也可在名词或代词之后,对该名词或代词起修饰或限定作用。
(2)如果有逗号隔开,放在名词或代词之后,通常对该名词进行补充说明,其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
2.解题指导
(1)如果名词中心词是该动作的发出者,通常用现在分词(短语)作定语。
(2)如果名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用过去分词(短语)作定语。
(3)如果表示未发生的动作,且名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用动词不定式作定语。
知识点3 非谓语动词作表语
1.寻找线索
非谓语动词作表语包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式三种。空格通常在系动词 be, become, get, seem, appear, look, turn等之后,描述主语的特点或状态。
2.解题指导
(1)主语是表示人的名词或代词,通常用过去分词作表语,表示主语的心情和感受。
(2)主语是表示事物的名词或代词,通常用现在分词作表语,表示事物的特点。
(3)动词不定式作表语通常表示未发生的动作。
知识点4 非谓语动词作宾语
1.寻找线索
动词不定式和动名词都可以充当宾语。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构:
得分速记
(1)介词(如by, for, of, with, without, after等)之后加动名词作宾语,注意to的身份识别。
(2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语:advise, admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustomed to, be devoted to, lead to, object to等。
(3)在下列动词之后,常接不定式作宾语:decide, demand, offer, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。
2.解题指导
(1)仔细观察挖空的句子。
(2)找出(句子的)谓语动词。
(3)确定填动名词还是动词不定式。
知识点5 非谓语动词作主语
1.寻找线索
主语是谓语陈述的对象,通常位于句首。动名词(doing)和动词不定式(to do)都可以充当主语。
2.解题指导
(1)句中缺少主语,找到句子的谓语部分,确定应用doing还是to do作主语。
(2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing,表具体某一次的动作用to do。
(3)掌握用动名词或不定式作主语的句型:
①It's +adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(+for/of sb)+to do sth
②It's no use/no good/no fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth
③It takes sb+some time/money+to do sth
知识点6 非谓语动词作补足语
1.寻找线索
动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可充当宾语补足语。
得分速记
(1)不定式作宾补:allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, persuade, tell等+sb to do sth。
(2)have sb/sth doing “让某人/某物一直做”; have sb/sth done “使某人/某物被……”。
(3)with复合结构
①with+宾语+to do,表示动作还未发生;
②with+宾语+doing,表示主动、动作正在进行;
③with+宾语+done,表示被动、动作已完成。
2.解题指导
(1)动词不定式作宾语补足语,通常表示一个宾语发出的动作。在一些结构中必须用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
(2)现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的发出者,表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作。
(3)过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的承受者,表示一个完成的、被动的动作。
· 思维建模:
一、非谓语动词作状语
1. 找句子主干:认真阅读挖空的句子,找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语),从而正确理解句意。
2. 确定谓语动词和非谓语动词:分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
3. 确定填哪种非谓语动词形式:
①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系:表目的,用to do; 表出乎意料的结果,用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果,用doing。
②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系:表动作还未发生,用to be done; 表动作已经发生,用done。
二、不定式作定语
①常接不定式作定语的词有:chance,opportunity,ability,decision,right(权利),不定代词等。
1)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
2)Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference.
②不定式作定语,修饰序数词等She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today.
三、过去分词作定语
1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时,通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外),是一个短语作定语时,就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时,被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。
2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成,不表示被动:
a fallen tree/leaf:倒下的树/落叶 the risen sun/moon:升起了的太阳/月亮
a faded rose:凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人
an escaped prisoner:逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生
1. 现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。
表示心理状态的动词-ing形式,意为“令人……的”;动词-ed形式,意为“(人)感到……的”,也可修饰体现内心感受的look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名词。
2. 动词不定式在平时模拟考试中,考查的频度较大,导致很多学生产生思维定势,见到不定式的题就用一般式to do的形式,这是平时训练的缺陷。临近高考前要进一步强化,做到查漏补缺。
四、不定式作宾语补足语
①常接不定式作宾补的动词有:ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/
need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer sb to do……:
例:Miss Janson persuaded the boy not to smoke any more.
②在feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时,后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加to; 但以上动词如为被动语态,后面接的动词前要加to。
1)Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard.
2)The teacher is often listened to to sing the English song at home.
五、不定式作宾语
1.常接不定式作宾语的词:like/love / want/ wish/ hope /expect/ desire/ hate/ prefer/ continue/ manage/ try/ ask/ beg/ demand /afford /offer/ fail/ start/ begin/ forget /remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/choose/pretend/arrange to do…:
2.it作形式宾语代不定式: find/ think/ consider/ feel/ make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…We find it necessary to master German and French.
六、非谓语动词作主语
不定式作主语:
1.不定式作主语:动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
2.表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来发生的动作,多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时,多用doing作主语。
3.在下列两个句型中it是形式主语,不定式是真正主语;of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语:
A. It is/was + 形容词(of sb)to do sth.
【赞扬,责备的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语:wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous,considerate…】
B. It is/was + 形容词(for sb)to do sth.
【以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语:easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful…。多数情况都用for sb作逻辑主语。】
1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old.
2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do.
· 考点三 提示词为动词—考查转换为名词或形容词
知识点1 动词变为名词
名词后缀
示例
-er/
-or
announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员
instruct→instructor 指导者,教师 design→designer设计师
-ment
achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论;论据
equip →equipment装备;设备 govern→government政府
-y
recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现
-ance/
-ence
appear→appearance出现;外貌 perform→performance表演;表现
prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考,查阅
-ure/
-ture
fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力
depart→departure离开;出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
-ing
hear→hearing听力,听觉 begin→beginning开始
build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
-ion/
-tion/
-sion/
correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝
conclude→conclusion结论;结束 discuss→discussion讨论;论述
decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认;准许加入
permit→permission允许,许可 invite→invitation邀请
explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望
知识点2 动词变形容词
形容词后缀
示例
-able
enjoy vt.享受→enjoyable adj.令人愉快的
suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的
-ed
frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的annoy vt.使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的
-ing
convince vt.说服,使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的
thrill vt.使兴奋 → thrilling adj.令人兴奋的
-ful
forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的
succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的
-ive
comprehend v. 理解→comprehensive adj. 综合性的
create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造力的
-ant
tolerate v.容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的,容忍的
ignore v. 忽视→ignorant adj. 无知的,愚昧的
· 考点四 提示词为名词—考查名词复数、所有格和词形转换
知识点1 名词复数
1. 牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式
(1)一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s:book→ books, mouth→ mouths, house→ houses, girl→ girls
(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es:glass→ glasses, box→ boxes, match→ matches
(3)以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es;city→ cities, country→ countries, party→ parties
(4) 【注意】以o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s:radios, zoos, pianos, kilos, photos;加-es的有以下词:heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes。
(5) 【注意】以-f,-fe结尾的名词
①少数直接加-s:roof→ roofs,belief→ beliefs。
②一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es:self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half。
2.名词在不定代词few, a few, other, all, both, many, several等后时,要想到用复数形式。
3.谓语动词为复数形式,要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。
4.【注意】注意一些不规则变化的名词复数,如child→ children, man→ men, tooth→ teeth, foot→ feet, woman→ women等。但human→ humans(准确记住不规则变化一轮复习不留知识死角。)
5.有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等,如congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。
6.【高频再现】一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式,常见的有:make friends with(与……交朋友)、shake hands with...(与……握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make preparations for(为……作准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。
7.常考的不可数名词
(1)表物质的不可数名词:baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。
(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词:work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)等。
(3)【注意】永远不可数的重点名词:advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。(一定记牢)
得分速记
名词单复数的形式比较复杂,注意掌握好以下的情况
(1)有些名词一般不用复数形式,但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别
fishes各种鱼; fruits各种水果; steels各种钢材
(2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义
snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人,two peoples两个民族
(3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时,为物质名词,不可数
The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时,则为个体名词,可数;
如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作 “眼镜”解时,须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses
(4)paper一词作“纸”解时,不可数
write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时,则可数,如: hand in your test papers
(5)物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词,要根据情况使用单数或复数形式
a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap
(6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义
time(时间)→times( 时代,次,倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作,工厂,工事)
air(空气) →airs( 气派,架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌)
custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息)
arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金)
glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物)
compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗)
知识点2 名词所有格
1.有生命的名词,其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。
2.表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格。
3.无生命的名词,借用of表示所属关系。
4.【注意】如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。
Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)
5.【注意】双重所有格:“a/two/some... +名词+of+名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友
two photos of hers 她的两张照片
知识点3 提示词是名词的词形转换
1.名词考查转化为形容词或动词的后缀
后缀
示例
--y
sun→sunny 有阳光的,晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的
--ed
balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
--ful
meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的
--able
suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的
--ous
courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的
--al
addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的
--ly
friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的
--en
wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的
--cal
politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的
--ant
significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的
--cial
commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的
-en
deep→deepen 变深,加深 length→lengthen 延长
2.名词转化为名词后缀
后缀
例词
-ian/
-ist/
music→ musician音乐家politics→ politician政治家
science→ scientist科学家piano→ pianist钢琴家
①history→ historian历史学家 library→ librarian图书管理员
②cycle→ cyclist骑自行车的人
· 思维建模:
一、判断名词复数方法
根据规则确定名词单复数
1.如果空格处被these, several, many和数词等修饰时, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
2.如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
二、名词的所有格
1.如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。
Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)
2.双重所有格:“a/two/some... +名词+of+名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友 two photos of hers 她的两张照片
· 考点五 提示词为形容词、副词—考查形容词、副词比较等级及词形转换
知识点1 形容词、副词的词性转化
1.形容词的词形转换
类别
例词
词尾加-y
cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy
词尾加-(e)d
gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited
词尾加ing
surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening
词尾加-ful/-less
meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless
词尾加-able
comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable
词尾加-ous
danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous
词尾的-ce变为-t
confidence→confident, difference→different
词尾加-al
music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional
词尾加-ly
friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely
词尾加-en
wood→wooden, wool→woolen
其他常见变化
energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific
以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y (如sun→sunny, fun→funny等),以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)
动词词尾加ive/ative
attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective
2.副词的词形转换规律总结
类别
例词
形容词+后缀-ly
clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词,把y变成i再加-ly
happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/,直接加ly)
词尾为ble/le的形容词,去掉e,再加-y
terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外:whole→wholly)
词尾为-ue的形容词,去掉e再加-ly
true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)
词尾为-ll的形容词,直接加-y
full→fully, dull→dully
词尾为-ic的形容词,加-ally
basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically
知识点2 形容词、副词比较等级
形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成(+er/est)转换
以e结尾
+r/st
late—later—latest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变-y为i,+er/est
early—earlier—earliest
以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母)
双写结尾字母+er/est
big—bigger—biggest
多音节和部分双音节结尾
前面加more/most
beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful
(1)有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加er和est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有:common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。
(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。
(3)不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good, well
better
best
bad, badly, ill
worse
worst
many, much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”)
farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的;最远的”)
further(指空间距离“更远的”;在更大程度上)
furthest(指空间距离“最远的”;在最大程度上)
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
知识点3 形容词、副词的比较级相关的句型
(1)同级比较
①as+adj./adv. (原形)+as... “和……一样”;not as/so+adj./adv. (原形)+as... “和……不一样”
②当as... as结构中有名词时,可用以下结构:
as+形容词原级+a(n)+n. +as...
as+many+可数名词复数+as...
as+much+不可数名词+as...
(2)比较级
“形容词/副词比较级+than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less+形容词/副词原级+than”结构,表示“一方不及另一方……”。
the+比较级+of the two+名词/代词“两者中较……的”。
Who is the younger of the two boys?
这两个男孩中较小的是哪一个?
介词in和of引导的短语说明比较的范围。如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in;如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。
修饰比较等级的副词:much, even, still, far, yet, a little, a lot, a bit, rather, any等。more, very等副词不可修饰比较级。
(3)最高级
①表示三者或三者以上的比较,常见的结构:“the+最高级+表示比较范围的短语或从句”,表示“……是……中最……的”。
②最高级的其他表达法
A. 否定词+比较级
B. 比较级+than+any other+单数名词
C. 比较级+than+all the other+复数名词
D. 比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词
E. 比较级+than anything/anyone else
有些词本身就有最高级含义,不能再用最高级形式,常见的:favourite,wonderful,exhausted等;有些词本身有比较级含义,故不与than连用,如be senior to等。
(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型
①the+adj. /adv. 比较级, the+adj. /adv. 比较级 “越……,越……”
②adj. /adv. 比较级+and+adj. /adv. 比较级“越来越……”
③the+adj. 比较级+of the two+名词“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个”
④no more than“仅仅”, not more than“至多;不超过”
⑤more... than... “与其说……不如说……”
⑥no+比较级+than “和……一样不……”
⑦not+比较级+than “不比……更……”
⑧倍数句型
A is+倍数+比较级+than+B
A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
A is+倍数+the+名词(size, length, height等)+of+B
形容词后缀-able
1.能……的;可……的
rely→ reliable 可信赖的,可依靠的
特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间
change →changeable 易变的 admire →admirable 可钦佩的 believe →believable 可相信的
2.具有……的特点
enjoy →enjoyable 令人愉快的
特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间
value →valuable 有价值的 knowledge →knowledgeable 有丰富知识的,博学的
· 考点六 提示词为代词—考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词
知识点1 人称代词
人称代词主格
I
we
you (你)
you (你们)
he
she
it
they
人称代词宾格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
知识点2 物主代词
形容词性物主代词
my
our
your (你的)
your (你们的)
his
her
its
their
名词性物主代词
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
知识点3 反身代词
反身代词
单数
myself
yourself
himself, herself, itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
与反身代词相对的短语
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
come to oneself 苏醒
by oneself 独自地
teach oneself 自学
devote oneself to 致力于……
of oneself 自动地
behave oneself 举止得体
help oneself to 自己取用……
for oneself 为自己
seat oneself 坐下
make oneself at home 不拘束
be oneself 身心自在
知识点4 与it相关的句型
it用于某些句型
1)It's (about/high) time+that-从句
某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时,有时也用“should+动词原形”)
2)It's the first/second... time+that sb. has/have done 这是某人第几次做某事
3)It's+时间段+since-从句 自从……有多长时间了
4)It's+时间段+before-从句 过了多长时间才……
5)it作形式主语(宾语)的用法
it常作形式主语(宾语),替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
(1) it作形式主语的句型
①It+be+adj. +(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。
②It+be+adj.+of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
③It+be+n.(+for sb./sth.)+to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
④It+be+adj./n.+doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。
⑤It+be+n./adj.+主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange+that从句”中,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。
(2) it作形式宾语的情况
①主语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+adj./n.+不定式/动名词/从句。
②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。
思维建模: 提示词为代词,应考虑以下几种情况
1.若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语,则应考虑人称代词的主格形式;
2.若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语,则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式;
3.若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语,则应考虑形容词性物主代词;
4.若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语,且和主语是同一人时,则应考虑反身代词。
考点七 提示词为基数词—考查其序数词或其他形式
知识点1 基数词和序数词的相互转换
①一般来说,序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。
②十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i,再加e t h。
③两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。
此外,常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内,具体见下表。
one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth
six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth
eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth
fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth
nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth
sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth
知识点2 与数词相关的表达法
①分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。
②表示某人的大约年龄,即“几十多岁”时,使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s+整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如:in his fifties。
③当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时,用单数形式,词尾不加-s;前面有many, several, a few修饰时,仍用单数形式。如:several billion years。
④“数词+普通名词+形容词”构成的合成形容词中,数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。
实战闯关·模考特训
1. 2026届 苏锡常镇四市高三下学期教学情况调研(一)
From the misty hills of Guizhou emerges a melody (旋律) shaped by earth, water and fire. Dating back over 600 years, clay whistles once were blown through rural festivals and family gatherings. Made from clay ____56____ (entire) by hand, the whistles are formed into animal figures typically. A small air hole ____57____ (leave) at the base, allowing the whistle to produce a clear sound when blown. ____58____ (combine) functionality with visual appeal, the clay whistle is both a playable object ___59___ a form of folk art that integrates sound with sculpture. Locals often say ____60____ blowing a clay whistle brings is more than just the sound of wind — it also carries the echoes of time and memory of childhood in Guizhou’s mountain landscapes.
Beyond artistry, these whistles are driving ____61____ (sustain) tourism in the region. Workshops led by inheritors (传承人) welcome travelers all over the world and offer hands-on lessons ____62____ combine tradition with modern storytelling. According to local tourism boards, visits to heritage sites in Guizhou ____63____ (rise) by 25% in the last two years — proof that culture and community can fuel economic growth.
____64____ business and tech enthusiasts, Guizhou’s singing clay is a case study in preserving tradition through ____65____ (innovate). Thought leaders see lessons in community-led preservation, while young global citizens find a fresh way to connect across borders through song.
2. 2026届 苏锡常镇四市2026年5月高三教学情况调研(二)
China’s space station, Tiangong, has become a platform for international scientific cooperation, attracting researchers from around the world. Since its ____56____ (complete) in 2022, Tiangong has hosted a series of scientific experiments and ____57____ (welcome) astronauts from different countries to work on board.
Recently, a team of scientists from China and Italy has launched a joint experiment on Tiangong. The experiment, ____58____ focuses on space medicine, aims to study ____59____ long-term space travel affects the human body. This research will provide valuable data ____60____ future space exploration missions, including trips to the moon and Mars.
The Chinese government has always been committed to ____61____ (promote) international cooperation in space. It has signed cooperation agreements with more than 40 countries and regions, making Tiangong a ____62____ (share) platform for global scientific progress. Many young scientists are also encouraged to participate in space research, which helps to train ____63____ next generation of space experts.
Astronauts on Tiangong have also carried out a variety of public science activities, helping people around the world learn more about space exploration. These activities have inspired many young people ____64____ (pursue) careers in science and technology.
With the continuous development of China’s space program, Tiangong will continue to play an important role in promoting international scientific cooperation ____65____ advancing human knowledge of space.
3. 2026届 南通(泰扬盐徐连淮宿)八市 高三第二次调研测试
Lhamo Yudron was born into a family of embroiderers. She gained a reputation in the village for her exceptional needlework skills, with many soon-to-be brides turning to her for ____56____ (assist) in creating their dowries.
However, she found that most local crafts were passed down by the older generation. Driven by an ambition ____57____ (carve) out a new path for the art, she woke up at 4 am every day to study embroidery theory. In 2009, Lhamo Yudron set up an embroidery company in her hometown and____58____ (transfer) the patterns from Tibetan costumes onto canvas, ____59____ (display) natural landscapes and wildlife through the art. Her artistic presentation combines legacies from the two ethnic groups____60____ is flexible in creating new patterns.
In 2014, her distinct embroidery products began to gain global reputation. Over the past decade, Lhamo Yudron ____61____ (cooperate) with the Van Gogh Museum. Over a dozen established brands want to purchase the copyright of her design ____62____ a high price. She attributes the popularity of her work to the unique charm of Chinese ethnic culture.
Today, Lhamo Yudron remains ____63____ (commit) to her mission, ensuring that this ancient art continues to evolve. “ ____64____ is traditional can become fashionable. The key is that we must learn to innovate because that is the best form of inheritance and the best way to give the past ____65____future,” she says.
4. 25-26 南京师大附中、海安中学、天一中学、海门中学 高三联考
Dining customs often provide an insight into a culture’s values. In the West, a separate meal for each person is a common practice. Even at a banquet, people take ___36___ they like for themselves rather than sharing dishes. With ever-widening opening up to the outside world, this Western culinary (烹饪的) practice has influenced China to a certain extent, ___37___ has not basically changed the eating habits of the Chinese people.
In the eyes of the Chinese, what is important about eating, especially at festivals, is to eat in a certain atmosphere and with certain sentiments (情感). In the process, the old and young sit ___38___ the order of seniority, talking and laughing in a joyous atmosphere, ___39___ the elders select food for the young, and the young make toasts to the elders. It is a lively, warm and harmonious family ___40___ (reunite). A hostess or host in China would distribute the dishes to treat guests. Using a pair of serving chopsticks, she or he offers the best part of ___41___ (fry) fish to the most important guest, ___42___ custom which expresses respect, concern and hospitality and is still popular among elder Chinese.
Such culinary customs ___43___ (have) a certain influence on the character of the Chinese people since ancient times. In a sense, it has strengthened the ___44___ (collect) spirit of the nation. At a party or a banquet, everyone first takes into consideration the needs of the group, with the eating process also ____45____ (be) a time to show humility and concern for others. This is different from Western eating habits, which pay more attention to individual needs.
5. 25-26 浙江省Z20名校联盟(浙江省名校新高考研究联盟)高三上 第一次联考
In the primeval forests of Hanzhong, Shaanxi province, ____56____ (grow) a remarkable vine (藤蔓). It is known for its unmatched flexibility, ____57____ (exception) length, and a smooth surface.
Since ancient times, locals have recognized its potential as ____58____ high-quality natural weaving material, ____59____ (prize) for the vine’s lightness, breathability and remarkable durability.
The Records of the Three Kingdoms by Western Jin Dynasty ____60____ (history) Chen Shou documented its military applications, describing “vine armor” so effective that it could float across rivers, resist water, and stand against arrows.
“It is an ancient handicraft that creates functional household items ____61____ (use) wooden or bamboo frames as structures ____62____ green vines as weaving substance, and employing traditional handweaving techniques,” explains Chen Liangshun, who ____63____ (practise) the craft for more than three decades.
At his company in Huangguan town, Nanzheng district of Hanzhong, villagers have been busy preparing summer products, among ____64____ fans have been particularly popular recently. “The online sales have easily reached 1,000 to 2,000 orders daily,” says Chen ____65____ his 50s.
6. 25-26 浙江省Z20名校联盟(浙江省名校新高考研究联盟)高三上 第二次联考
Throughout the ages, Chinese women have different ways to make them look more beautiful. Compared with the modern, ancient women had ____36____ (few) kinds of makeup. But they still had their own set of “secret weapons”.
____37____ (believe) to have originated during the Spring and Autumn Period, facial powder was one of the most basic forms of makeup. In order to make their skin look white, ancient people directly applied highly toxic lead powder to the face. Rouge, powder used ____38____ (color) the lips or cheeks, can date back to the Shang dynasty. Lipstick is another popular beauty enhancement product since the pre-Qin dynasty, ____39____ color in ancient China was mostly red to make women look more youthful and energetic.
Chinese women have always paid great attention to their eyebrows as they believe that this facial feature ____40____ (link) to their fate. The beauty-loving women first used burnt willow branches ____41____ eyebrow pens. Later, they grinded Dai (黛), a kind of mineral with a dark blue color, into powder and then added water to mix. There were dozens of popular eyebrow shapes during the Tang dynasty. The arched and thin eyebrow, ____42____ (resemble) a willow leaf, was trendy then as it was regarded as ____43____ symbol of elegance.
The aesthetic standards of ancient people were different from ____44____ of us now, and modern popular makeup is also different from traditional Chinese makeup, but the unchangeable ____45____ (pursue) of beauty has been around for thousands of years.
7. 25-26 浙江省北斗星盟高三一模
Quiet Voices, Lasting Legacy: Women Who Shaped Literary Heritage
Throughout history, women have crafted extraordinary literary works that capture the ____36____ (deep) of human experience. While historical records often focus on politics and wars, women’s writing offers ____37____ different perspective — one that lives in the subtle moments between major events and in the language of human relationships.
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Chinese poet Cai Wenji wrote Poem of Sorrow and Anger, bearing witness ____38____ the human cost of war. Centuries earlier, the Greek poet Sappho explored love with striking modernity. While Cai documented external scars, Sappho ____39____ (map) inner feelings — together showing two essential dimensions of women’s literary contributions.
The Song Dynasty poet Li Qingzhao found profound meaning in nature’s small changes, ____40____ (reveal) the extraordinary in ordinary life. ____41____ (similar), American poet Emily Dickinson, who wrote quietly from her home, discovered freedom in anonymity (匿名). Her work celebrates connection beyond public recognition.
The power of women‘s literature ____42____ (root) in its unwavering pursuit of emotional truth. It shows not just what happened, ____43____ how it felt to live through those times. These writers created an alternative history — not of empires, but of the human heart.
Today, this legacy is carried forward by contemporary women writers across China and the globe, ____44____ continue this foundational way of seeing and writing about the world. Their works ensure women’s voices — often quiet but deeply _____45_____ (insight) — remain essential to our cultural heritage, enriching our understanding of what connects us all.
8. 25-26 浙江省杭州学军中学 高三上 首考适应性考试
ZheBA, or the Zhejiang Provincial City Basketball Association, is ____36____ premier grassroots sporting event initiated by Zhejiang province ____37____ (promote) nationwide fitness and tap into the potential of community-level basketball events. It ____38____ (become) a beloved platform for amateur players to showcase their skills and for local residents to embrace the joy of sports to date.
On the evening of July 6, the opening match of the 2025 ZheBA was held in Zhuji, Shaoxing, marking the official launch of the province’s ____39____ (large) grassroots basketball competition.
The Association spans all 11 cities and 90 counties across the province and ____40____ (structure) into two phases. The first phase is the“Hundred counties Battle” preliminary round (预赛) taking place in July, during ____41____ 11 county-level champion teams emerged after fierce round-robin matches. The second phase—the City Championship—is running from August 8 to February. At this stage, 22 teams, ____42____ (compose) of the 11 county champions and 11 city-level joint teams, are competing in a mixed format ____43____ the ultimate provincial title.
Using basketball as a unifying force, Zhejiang is promoting a deeper integration of mass fitness and local culture, ____44____ (inject) fresh vitality into grassroots sports development. This basketball celebration is set to ignite the sporting _____45_____ (enthusiastic) of people across the province, strengthening community bonds and fostering a healthier, more active lifestyle for all participants and spectators alike.
9. 2026届 浙江省名校协作体G12联盟 高三下 二模
The great smell of cooking beef soup and the impressive skills of noodle chefs bring many customers to Ox Lan. This popular restaurant is in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, ____56____ a traditional Chinese noodle dish has become a big hit.
The idea of opening Ox Lan started when Zhou Yan from China visited Stockholm in 2023. ____57____ Japanese ramen (拉面) and Vietnamese pho (粉) were readily available in the city, what Zhou found most surprising was that authentic Chinese noodles remained noticeably absent from the otherwise diverse food scene. Zhou saw an opportunity ____58____ (introduce) Swedes to his hometown’s special — beef noodles.
“I’ve always found ____59____ strange that American fast food is everywhere but Chinese isn’t.” Zhou said. He then learned Swedish business rules, ____60____ (hire) a good noodle chef, and opened Sweden’s first Lanzhou noodle shop.
Now 70% of customers are Swedish. They love watching chefs turn dough into noodles. People can choose the ____61____ (wide) of their noodles, from a delicate 0.5 mm to a robust 50 mm strand. “In Lanzhou, the most popular choice is erxi (二细) for its perfect balance of texture and bite,” he added. “But in Sweden, there isn’t a favorite yet. People are open to trying all seven ____62____ (option).”
“ ____63____ (date) back to 1915, this food tradition originated in Lanzhou, which is home ____64____ an estimated 2,000 to 3,000 beef noodle shops.” Zhou said proudly. He plans to open more restaurants in Spain and other countries, hoping more people in major ____65____ (Europe) cities will enjoy real Chinese fast food.
10. 25-26 Z20名校联盟(浙江省名校新高考研究联盟)高三第三次学情诊断
Modern life moves faster than our minds were designed to handle. In the last twenty years, technology ____56____ (advance) ahead of human evolution. We live in a 24/7 digital world, but our brains still run on ancient “hardware” designed for ____57____(survive). This “speed gap” helps explain ____58____ we often feel overwhelmed. Our ancestors faced short bursts of stress from physical ____59____ (threat), but today we face “small alarms” all day. An angry email or a social media notification (通知) activates the same heart-racing response as a lion. Feeling ____60____ (stress) today is a natural biological reaction to a nonstop world.
We are ____61____ (constant) in this “high alert” mode for hours. This prevents the body from entering the essential “rest and digest” state needed for long-term health, ____62____ (leave) us feeling permanently “fried.” In fact, much of ____63____ mental exhaustion comes from “decision overload.” We make thousands of choices daily, which consumes the brain’s energy. To address this, experts recommend using self-exploration questions to cut through the noise, such as “Is it worth my peace of mind?” By making fewer, more ____64____ (intention) decisions, you protect your mental battery and save your precious energy ____65____ things that truly matter. By respecting your biological limits, you make the fast-paced world feel less threatening.
第02讲 语法填空 — 无提示词
无提示词类:设置3~4个小题
高频考点
介词
0~1题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词,一般不涉及短语介词。
冠词
0~1题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词,一般不涉及零冠词。
从属关联词
0~2题。侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外,名词性从句、状语从句也偶有涉及。
低频考点
并列连词
0~1题。并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。
其他
0~1题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do, does, did;构成部分倒装的do, does, did;构成一般疑问句的do, does, did),构成强调结构的it或that,连接性副词(before, ago, however, anyway ...)等。
年份
卷别
词数
有提示词
无提示词
谓语
非谓语
名词
形容词副词
代词
介词
冠词
数词
并列连词
从属连词
2026
全国I卷
230
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
全国II卷
264
1
2
2
1+1
1
1
1
浙江1月
222
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
2025
全国I卷
258
2
1
1
1+1
1
1
1
1
全国II卷
240
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
浙江1月
226
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
2024
全国I卷
243
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
全国Ⅱ卷
220
2
3
2
1
1
1
· 考点一 考查从句中的关系词
知识点1 定语从句
1.确定是定语从句
设空处跟在名词后面,且空后的句子对这个名词进行修饰限定,即表示这个名词的性质、特点等,则为定语从句。当确定为定语从句后,首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点,还是其他,然后再根据先行词在句子中所作的成分去判断用何关系词。
2.掌握三步法解题技巧
(1)分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。
①先行词的后面出现逗号,是非限制性定语从句。
②that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
③which引导非限制性定语从句,可以代表主句的全部或部分内容;代表整个主句时,which意为“这一点”。
④as引导非限制性定语从句,可置于句中或句首,意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。
(2)寻找先行词,判断属性(指人还是指物,表示时间,地点,还是原因)。
①先行词指人:that/who/whom/whose;
②先行词指物:that/which/whose;
③表示时间/地点/原因:when/where/why。
(3)判断定语从句所缺成分,确定关系词。
①缺少主语:that/which/who;
②缺少动词的宾语:that/which/who/whom;
③缺少定语:whose;
④缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。
1.that与which的区别
(1)只用which不用that的情况:
①当关系代词前面有介词或介词短语时;
②引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2)只用that不用which的情况:
①当先行词是all、everything、nothing、something、few、little、much等不定代词时;
②当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the very、the only、any、the last等修饰时;
③先行词既有人又有物时。
2.which与as
关系词
which
as
位置上
只能放在主句的后面
位置灵活,可置于句首、句中,也可置于句末
搭配上
无动词的
限制
谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,如see、hear、know、expect、remember等
意思上
意为“这一点”
表示“正如……”“正像……的那样”
只用that而不用which的情况
当先行词是all,much,little,few,everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。
There is nothing that we can do now.现在我们什么也做不了。
· 思维建模:
一、 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,介词的宾语只能用which或whom,且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon/on which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
2.“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级+of+which/whom”引导的定语从句,表示部分与整体的关系。
Many young people,most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们中的大部分都受过良好的教育。
3. 在非限制性定语从句中,whose修饰物时可以换为“the+名词+of which”;修饰人时,可以换为“the+名词+of whom”。
The newly-built café, the walls of which (=whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆,墙被刷成了浅绿色,对我们来说,真是一个安静的地方,特别是在辛苦工作后。
二、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
知识点2考查名词性从句
宾语从句
1.宾语从句的引导词
引导词
作用
连接词
that, whether, if
只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分
连接代词
what, who, whom,which,whichever,whatever, whoever
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词
when, where, how, why
在从句中作状语
①I'm writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference.我写信是想告诉你,我叔叔李明要去你的城市开会。
②We promise whoever attends the party will have a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们保证,任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那个电影明星合影。
③I don't know whether to set off for Beijing or not.我不知道是否出发去北京。
(1)that引导宾语从句时,常被省去,但下列情况下不能省略:①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个that可省略,其余的不可省略;②宾语从句前有插入语时;③that引导的从句位于句首时。
(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句,连接词表示“是否”时,只能用whether,不能用if。
2.形式宾语【高频再现】
宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后,但是,在下列情况下,须用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make+it+宾补(形容词或名词)+不定式/从句
(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy+it+从句
(3)短语动词see to/depend on/rely on+it+从句
(4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb. that+从句
Most of us young men take it for granted that parents do everything for us.我们大部分年轻人认为父母为我们做的一切是理所当然的。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.当你不在的时候,我负责把他照顾好。
3.宾语从句的时态
一般情况下,宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致,即主句是一般现在时,从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态;主句为过去的某种时态,从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时,须用一般现在时。
表语从句
1.表语从句的引导词
引导词
作用
连接词
that, whether
只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分
连接代词
what, who, whom, which,whichever, whatever,whoever
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词
when, where, how, why
在从句中作状语
The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.
对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up.
这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。
if不能引导表语从句;that引导表语从句时不能省略。
2.as if/as though引导表语从句
as if/as though意为“好像,仿佛”,引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况,从句用虚拟语气;若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况,从句用陈述语气。
The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市,好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到了它的上面。
3.其他常考的表语从句【高频再现】
(1) This/That/It is why+表语从句(表示结果)“这/那就是……的原因”
(2) This/That/It is because+表语从句(表示原因)“这/那是因为……”
(3) The reason why... is that+表语从句“……的原因是……”
主语从句
1.主语从句的引导词
引导词
作用
连接词
that, whether, if
只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分
连接代词
what, who, whom,which, whichever,whatever, whoever
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词
when, where,how, why
在从句中作状语
When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
延迟的飞机何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。
Where Professor Han was born is known to the public.韩教授出生的地方人人皆知。
What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.
影片中最打动我的是父亲对儿子深深的爱。
(1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。
That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.
从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们是亲姐妹。
(2)whether与if引导主语从句的区别:
主语从句位于主句的谓语动词前,表示“是否”,只能用whether而不能用if引导;若用it作形式主语,则if与whether可互换。
Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.
我们能否有干净的饮用水在于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。
It remains to be seen whether/if this idea can be put into practice. 这一想法能否付诸实施还有待观察。
2.形式主语【高频再现】
it作形式主语的常见句型:
(1)It+be+形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)+that从句
(2)It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)+that从句
(3)It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported等)+that从句
(4)It+不及物动词(seem, appear, happen, matter等)+that从句
It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about,although about two thousand patients have taken it.
尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药,但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。
It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。
一、名词性从句中that与what的区别:
引导名词性从句既可以用that,也可以用what。两者的区别在于that在句中不作成分,what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
二、whether与if引导主语从句的区别:
主语从句位于主句的谓语动词前,表示“是否”,只能用whether而不能用if引导;若用it作形式主语,则if与whether可互换。
Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.
我们能否有干净的饮用水在于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。
It remains to be seen whether/if this idea can be put into practice. 这一想法能否付诸实施还有待观察。
三、what & that在名词性从句中的用法:
that是从属连词,在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,也没有任何意义。而what是连接代词,在名词性从句中充当成分,通常充当主语、宾语或表语。
I believe that I will succeed if I study hard.我相信如果我努力学习我会成功的。
知识点3状语从句
一、时间状语从句
1.when引导时间状语从句,意为“正在这时”,表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时,突然发生另一动作。
Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.
汤姆正要关窗户,这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。
when还可表原因,意为“既然”。
How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me?
既然他们不听我说,我怎么帮他们理解?
2.as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……),这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一……就……”,从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming. 我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。
The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。
no sooner... than..., hardly/scarcely....when....的时态搭配:hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时,应用倒装语序。
He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
=No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.
他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。
3.before
(1) 表示“还未……就……;不到……就……;还没来得及……就……”。
The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. 小女孩还没来得及按门铃,门就突然开了,并且她的朋友冲出来问候她。
Please write it down before you forget it. 趁你现在没忘把它记下来。
(2) It will be+一段时间+before...多久之后才……。
It is+一段时间+since... 自从……多久了。
John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.
约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。
二、条件状语从句
1.通常由if, unless, as(so)long as, in case(that), once等连词引导。
Unless children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.
除非孩子们相信他们能够成功,否则他们将永远无法完全独立。
2.由on condition(that); provided(that); providing (that); supposing(that)等引导的条件状语从句。
You can go swimming on condition that you don't go too far from the river bank.
只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。
三、让步状语从句
1.让步状语从句可由although, though, as, while, even if(though), whenever, whether... or..., no matter who(when, what...)等引导。
Although regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
尽管有规律的锻炼是很重要的,但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。
However serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
不论你的问题有多严重,你都应该鼓起勇气,接受挑战。
2.while作“尽管”讲,引导让步状语从句时,往往放在句首。
While the Internet is of great help, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time on it.
尽管因特网对我们有很大的帮助,但我认为花太多的时间上网也不是一个好主意。
while也可以用来表对比转折,意为“而,却”。
At school, some students are active while some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.
在学校,有的学生很活跃而有的很腼腆,但他们能成为好朋友。
四、原因状语从句与方式状语从句
1.方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式,常由as“像……一样”,as if (though)“似乎,好像”等引导。
The house was greatly damaged by the truck. We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive.
卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。
He acted as if nothing had happened. 他表现得好像什么也没发生。
2.原因状语从句通常由because, since, as, now that, seeing(that), considering that等引导。
Now that you have grown up, you must do it by yourself. 既然你已经长大了,就必须自己做这件事。
Considering that I have told you three times, you must know it.鉴于我已经告诉你三次,你必须知道它。
五、地点状语从句
1.通常由连词where和wherever引导,从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。
The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.
这个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她妈妈。
Today, we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.
今天我们将在昨天停止的地方开始,为的是不漏掉知识点。
2.地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。
Where there's a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。
Where(ver) there's plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green. 哪里阳光雨水充足,哪里的田野就绿油油。
3.where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别
where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词,而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。
When solving the problem a second time, you'd better be more careful where you made a mistake.
=When solving the problem a second time, you'd better be more careful in the place where you made a mistake.
当你第二次解决这个问题的时候,你要在出过差错的地方更加小心。
六、目的状语从句与结果状语从句
1.目的状语从句。
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that,in order that, for fear that, in case,lest等。
(1) in order that与so that。
两个连词都意为“以便……;为了……”,引导的状语从句中需用情态动词,in order that比so that正式,引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后,而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。
I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me. 我说慢一点以便你能听懂。
In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.
为了能看到日出,我们很早就向山顶出发了。
(2) for fear that, in case与lest。
这三个从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用(should+)动词原形,它本身带有否定意义,相当于so that... not...或in order that... not...。
The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father(should) see him.
男孩躲到树后以防被父亲发现。
Take your raincoat in case/lest it (should) rain. 带着你的雨衣,以防下雨。
2.结果状语从句。
(1)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:so that, so...that..., such...that...。在非正式语体中,由so...that...和such...that...引导的句子中that可以省略,注意其结构形式:
Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.
=Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. 迈克是如此诚实的工人以至于我们都信任他。
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. 天气如此的好,我们都想去公园。
He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family. 他挣钱太少以至于无法养活家人。
(2)当so或such置于句首时,主句要用倒装语序。
So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
他是一个如此聪明的学生,以至于他能算出所有的难题。
六、状语从句的省略
在时间、条件、让步、原因等状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致,或从句主语是it,且含有动词be时,可以将从句主语和动词be动词省略。
The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult.
学校规则规定:除非有大人的陪伴,否则任何孩子白天都不允许出学校。
The problem, if not carefully dealt with, will cause a lot of damage.
这个问题,如果不小心处理,将会造成重大损失。
The dying man is moving his eyes slowly as if looking for his family.
这个奄奄一息的人慢慢地转动眼睛好像在寻找家人。
· 思维建模 如何确定状语从句
1.确定是状语从句
空处所在的句子作整个句子的状语时,应用状语从句的引导词。
2.状语从句的特殊考点要记牢
(1)连词before的意义及句型
It will be+一段时间+before ... “多久以后才……”;
It won't be+一段时间+before ... “用不了多久就……”。
(2)连词since的意义及句型
It is +一段时间+since引导的时间状语从句=It has been +一段时间+since引导的时间状语从句。
该固定句型意为“自从……以来,已经多长时间了”。
(3) whether ...or ...,疑问词+-ever,引导让步状语从句。
(4) where引导地点状语从句。
1.when, while, as
(1)when, while, as三者都可以用来引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”。
(2)在when和as引导的从句中,谓语动词既可以是延续性动词也可以是终止性动词,而在while引导的从句中,谓语动词只能是延续性动词。
(3)三者中as引导时间状语从句时,表示主从句动作同时发生或前后紧接着发生,常译为“(正当)……的时候”“随着……”“一边……一边……”等。
2.so ...that ..., such ...that ...
(1)二者都可以引导结果状语从句。so 后中心词为形容词或副词, such后中心词为名词。
(2)若中心词之前有表示数量的many、much、little、few修饰时,只能用so。
首先判断是否用连词,与定语从句要区别开来。连词连接的往往是两个完整的句子,其中一个用连词连接,是状语从句。如果其中一个句子中缺少成分,那么就是定语从句,不能用引导状语从句的连词。
状语从句省略后,只剩下不定式(to do)短语、现在分词(doing)短语和过去分词(done)短语,表示“将要做的事情”用不定式(to do)短语;表示“主动的动作”用现在分词(doing)短语;表示“被动且完成的动作”用过去分词(done)短语。
· 考点二 并列句及并列连词
1.确定填并列连词
无提示词,空前后是两个并列的主谓完整的句子、单词、短语等;而且相并列的成分之间是并列、转折、选择或因果关系,应填并列连词。
2.两个技巧要熟用
技巧1:关系分析法
分析空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系,确定用哪个连词。
(1)表示并列或递进关系的有and、both ...and ...、not only ...but (also) ...、neither ...nor ...等。
(2)表示选择关系的有or、either ...or ...、not ...but ...等。
(3)表示转折或对比关系的有but、while等。
(4)表示因果关系的有so、for等。
技巧2:句型法
(1)祈使句+and/or+陈述句,如表示顺承用and,表示转折用or。
(2)when作并列连词的常用句型:
Sb be doing sth when ...
Sb be about to do sth when ...
Sb had (just) done sth when ...
Hardly ...when ...
1.并列句与定语从句
防止并列句与定语从句混用:并列句由and、but等并列连词连接,句中已有连接词,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
①They live in a small house, in front of ___________stands an orange tree.
②They live in a small house, and in front of ___________ stands an orange tree.
【解析】两句的区别是连词and,句①逗号后为非限制性定语从句,空处为引导词,表示物,故填which;句②中and连接两个并列分句,空处指代前面分句中的a small house,故填it。
③The old man has three sons, none of ___________ is a doctor.
④The old man has three sons, but none of ___________is a doctor.
【解析】两句的区别是连词but,句③逗号后为非限制性定语从句,空处为引导词,表示人,且其前为介词of,故填whom;句④中but连接两个并列分句,空处指代前面分句中的three sons,故填them。
2.并列句与状语从句
辨清并列句与状语从句:并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”,两者之间是并列关系;而状语从句中前后两个句子,一个是主句,一个是从句,从句是用来修饰主句的。
①___________you take the medicine, you will be all right.
②Take this medicine, ___________you will be all right.
【解析】句①空处引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”,故填If;句②中两个并列分句是顺承关系,故填and。
③ ___________money is necessary for a happy life, it can't buy happiness.
④Money is necessary for a happy life, ___________it can't buy happiness.
【解析】句③空处所在句子是让步状语从句,故填Although/Though;句④空处前后是转折关系,故填but。
· 考点三 特殊句式
知识点1强调结构
1.强调句型。
(1)强调句型的基本结构为:It is/w+被强调的部分+tt/who+句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语等进行强调。
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构为:Is/Was+it+被强调的部分+that/who+句子其他部分?
He asked what it was that made him so upset. 他询问究竟是什么让他如此难过。
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子其他部分?
强调句型亦可用于宾语从句中,但注意语序要用陈述句语序。
It was not until he took off his sunglasses that I realized him. 直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他。
(4)not...until句型的强调句型结构为:It is/was not until...+that+句子其他部分。
2.强调谓语动词。
用助动词do,does或did来强调谓语动词,用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中,do还可以用于祈使句。
知识点2倒装句
1.将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首引起的部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有:never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely...when..., no sooner...than..., not only...but also..., not until, nowhere, neither...nor...等。
Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
她以前从没见过打网球和罗伯特一样好的人。
2.only+状语置于句首时,主句要进行部分倒装。
Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.
讨论这个问题数小时后他们才做出决定。
3.作状语的介词短语放于句首时引起的句子要全部倒装。有时为了强调将作状语的介词短语放在句首,而将主语放到句末;或者当句子中主语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常把作状语的介词短语置于句首。
Through the window came in the sweet music. 从窗户里飘出美妙的音乐。
4.so/such...that...结构中的so,such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。
So frightened was she that she could not say a word. 她如此害怕以至于一句话也说不出来。
Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。
5.表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。
6.as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。即as引导的让步状语从句中必须将表语、状语(形容词、副词、分词)或实义动词提前,构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词+as+主语+谓语的其他部分”的形式。 使用as进行倒装时需要注意的是:
(1)句首是单数可数名词时,名词不能带任何冠词。
Pop star as she is, she still needs to improve. 尽管她已是很受欢迎的歌手,但仍需要提高。
(2)句首是实义动词时,其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Fail as I did, I would never give up. 尽管我失败了,但我不放弃。
知识点3省略句
1.复合句中的省略。
在用as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的从句中,若谓语部分含be动词,而主语又与主句的主语一致时,从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。
All the photographs in this book, unless stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.
这本书里的相片,除非有说明,否则都是二十世纪五十年代的。
2.动词不定式符号to的省略及不定式的省略。
在主动语态中,感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时,往往将不定式符号to省略;在同一句话或同一情景对话中,当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时,通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。
3.so/not构成替代省略。
英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容,so/not多跟在I'm afraid/IpI think/II believe等开头的答句中;条件状语从句中有时也有类似的用法,如:if so/if not等。
It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. If so, we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
听起来好像汽车引擎出故障了。如果这样的话,我们最好立即把它送到汽修厂。
知识点4 there be 句型
There be 句型表示“某时间/空间存在/有……”,there本身没有词义,谓语动词be后面的名词/代词是主语。be可以有不同的时态,可以和情态动词连用。There be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, come, occur, happen to be, appear to be, seem to be , used to be等替换。
Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。
There have been many great changes in our country since then.
从那以后,我国发生了许多巨大的变化。
1.There be句型中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。
There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶中有一朵花。
There are five books on the desk. 桌上有五本书。
2.若There be句型中主语为并列结构,be的数和人称遵循就近原则。
There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一个男孩、一个女孩和两个妇女。
There are ten students and a teacher in the office. 办公室里有十个学生和一个老师。
3. there be结构的非谓语动词形式
There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。
I expect there to be no argument about this. 我希望在这方面不会有任何争论。
I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me. 我从没想过会有什么好机会。
There being nothing else to do,we went home. (there be句型的独立主格结构)
由于我们无事可做,我们就回家了。
there be句型的常考句型:
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事
There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/ with sth.做某事(没)有困难
There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能
知识点5 感叹句
1.what引导的感叹句
what引导的感叹句
示例
What+a/an+(adj.)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!
What a good heart you have! 你的心肠真好!
What+(adj.)+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语!
What interesting stories he's told us!
他给我们讲的故事真有趣!
2.how引导的感叹句
how引导的感叹句
示例
How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!
How clever the boy is! 这个男孩多么聪明啊!
How+adj.+a/an+单词名词+主语+谓语!
How clever a boy he is! 他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊!
How+主语+谓语!
How time flies! 光阴似箭!
1.针对not…until…句型进行强调,要把not一并提前,构成“It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他成分。”
2.注意用于强调句型就不能把Not until….倒装句式混用。
3.有些句子特别复杂,把强调句型和定语从句融合在一起,其句式为:It is/was+被强调部分+定语从句+that/who+其他。
4.解题时注意断句,把定语从句视为一个整体单位来理解。
5. only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时,句子(主句)采用部分倒装语序。
6. only修饰状语从句时,注意主句部分倒装,从句不倒装。
7. Not until…句型位于句首,句子采用倒装语序。注意until从句不倒装。
8. not/never/hardly….until…构成否定句式,主句谓语动词用瞬时性动词。
9. 后接名词短语时,until用作介词;后接从句时,until用作连词。
· 思维建模: 状语从句的省略
状语从句省略后,只剩下不定式(to do)短语、现在分词(doing)短语和过去分词(done)短语,表示“将要做的事情”用不定式(to do)短语;表示“主动的动作”用现在分词(doing)短语;表示“被动且完成的动作”用过去分词(done)短语。
· 考点四 考查冠词的用法
知识点1不定冠词表示泛指
1.根据语境判断不定冠词表示泛指:(常考点)
(1)不定冠词与单数名词连用,泛指一类事物或一类事物中的一个。
(2)用于某人或某物的名字前,指与其具有相同特性的人或物。
(3)在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。
(4)a用在辅音开头的单词前,an用在以元音开头单词前【不见元音不加an,不看字母看发音】
(5)用于表示价格、速度、比率、时间、重量、长度等的单位名词前,表示“每一”,相当于every,each或per。
(6)表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前有形容词修饰时,加a或an。
2. 不定冠词a/an分析句子结构,发现空后有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑用不定冠词a/an。
知识点2 定冠词表特指
①用于特指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。
When I passed the station this morning, I saw an accident.今天早晨经过车站时,我看到了一起交通事故。
②用于复述上文已经提到的人或事物。
I applied for a university in the USA. The university enjoys a good reputation.
我申请了一所美国大学,这所大学享有很好的声誉。
③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或发明创造的名词前。
The sun is much larger than the earth. 太阳比地球大的多。
④用于表示演奏的西洋乐器的名词前。
He started to play the piano at five. 他五岁开始学习弹钢琴。
【高频再现】
①用于姓氏的复数前表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。
The Smiths are watching TV now.史密斯一家正在看电视。
②用于形容词前表示一类人。
the rich, the poor, the old, the Chinese, the wounded, the injured, the disabled。
③用于序数词或形容词的最高级前面。
The first thing you should do is to think it over and over again.你首先要做的事情是再三考虑一下。
知识点3 短语中的冠词
1.高频短语中的不定冠词
不定冠词用在固定搭配中,如catch a cold、have a fever、all of a sudden、as a matter of fact、as a result、have a gift for、make a living、have/take a rest、give sb a lift、have a good knowledge of、a handful of 等。
2.高频短语中的定冠词
①定冠词用在固定搭配中,如at the same time、on the contrary、to tell the truth、in the distance、make the most/best of、in the middle of、on the spot等。
②动词(catch/take/hit等)+sb+介词+the+身体部位。
知识点4 句型中的冠词
常考的固定句型中的冠词
1.主语+be+the size/length/width/height+of+被比较的对象
Our building is twice the height of yours. 我们的大楼是你们的大楼的两倍高。
2.主语+be+the+形容词比较级+of/between...
He is the taller of the two. 他是两人之中较高的那个。
3. 主语+be+the+形容词或副词最高级
Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。
4. one of+the+形容词或副词最高级
The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China. 黄河是中国最长的河之一。
5.one... the other ...一个,另一个
知识点5 抽象名词具体化中的冠词
①抽象名词具体化,使之具有了“一”的概念。
The house is full of joy.
The little girl is a joy to her parents. (令人高兴的人或物)
Failure is the mother of success.
He is a success. (一个成功的人或物)
He gave me a lot of pleasure.
It is a pleasure to work with you. (一件令人愉快的事情)
She looked up in surprise.
What a great surprise you gave me. (一件令人惊讶的事情)
Knowledge is power.
He has a wide knowledge of animals. (一门…的知识)
He received little education/ a good education. (一种…的教育)
②某些物质名词也可以和不定冠词连用,而变成具体化的名词。例如
I like coffee.
Would you like a coffee? (一杯咖啡)
I has just had lunch.
I has just had a big lunch. (一顿丰盛的午餐)
1. 深度理解不定冠词表示泛指:泛指就是指抽象的,不具体的信息,也就是对某事物没有详细具体的信息。
2. 有定语从句修饰的名词不一定是特指,有时是泛指。
· 思维建模: 判断泛指和特指的方法
注意泛指还是特指
①如果空格后的名词或“形容词+名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。
②如果空格及后面的名词在文中第一次出现,可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”,一般填a/an;如果是前文已经提到过,可翻译成“这/那个,这/那些”,一般填the。
③如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。
1.所有学生都知道must是情态动词,意为:必须。但有些学生不知道其用作名词时,意为:一件必须要做的事。
2.此处考查抽象名词具体化。
· 考点五 考查介词的意义及用法
知识点1 介词的基本含义及用法
介词的基本含义总结
1) in表示情况、状态,意为“处在……中”;表示手段、形式、方式,意为“以,用”;表示服饰,意为“穿着,戴着”;表示范围、领域,意为“在……方面”。
2) with表示状态,意为“带有,具有”;表示手段、方法,意为“以,用”;表示关系,意为“和……在一起”;表示伴随,意为“随着”;表示原因,意为“因为,由于”。
3) by用于被动语态,意为“被,由”;表示方式,意为“用,靠,凭借”;表示乘用交通工具,意为“乘坐,驾驶”。
4) for表示方向,意为“往,向”;表示对象、用途等,意为“为,给”;表示时间、距离、数量等,意为“计,达”;表示原因,意为“因为,由于”。
5) through表示位置,意为“穿过”;表示时间,意为“在整个期间,自始至终”;表示手段、媒介,意为“以,凭借”。
6) as介词的用法:①如同,像;②作为,当作
忽略介词的核心意义(语境中介词的基本用法)
仔细分析句子结构,句子的逻辑意思即可推知常用介词的基础含义。
具体步骤如下:
第一步:观察设空处为无提示词,根据句法确定为介词。
第二步:理清句子成分,合理翻译句意,推知介词的核心意义。
第三步:根据介词的基础用法即可填写答案。
知识点2 介词短语的含义和用法
常考的介词短语
①at+名词
at a loss不知所措 at dinner在吃晚餐 at peace处于和平状态
at dawn在黎明 at war在战争中 at work在工作
②其他高频介词短语
against time 争分夺秒 at the sight of 一看到…… at the age of在……岁时
in the face of 面对;面临 in addition (to)另外;除了 in case of 万一
in charge of负责;主管 in favour of赞成;支持 in need of 需要
in no time立刻 in a hurry匆忙 in preparation for为……作准备
in return for作为回报 of help/use 有帮助的/有用的 of importance重要的 on behalf of代表
③by+名词
by accident偶然地 by chance偶然地 by force用暴力 by hand手工地
by mistake错误地 by the month按月算
④beyond+名词
beyond comparison无与伦比 beyond control失控 beyond description难以描述
beyond doubt毋庸置疑 beyond expression 难以表达 beyond (one's) reach够不到
⑤in+名词
in bed在床上;卧床 in danger处于危险中 in debt负债 in difficulty 处于困难中
in high spirits情绪高昂 in need处于困难中 in order 整齐;井然有序 in surprise 吃惊地
in trouble 在困难中 in use使用中
⑥on+名词
on a trip在旅行 on business出差 on display/show在展出 on duty在值班
on holiday/vacation在度假 on sale在出售 on strike在罢工 on the way在途中
⑦out of+名词
out of balance失去平衡 out of control失去控制 out of danger 脱离危险
out of date过期 out of order出故障 out of work失业
⑧under+名词
under consideration在考虑中 under construction在建造中 under control在控制之下
under discussion在讨论中 under pressure在压力下 under repair在修理中
under treatment在治疗中
忽略设空处前后词的搭配(固定短语错用)
观察设空处前后,如果考查固定短语中的介词,设空前一两个词中会出现相关动词。如是形容词短语中的介词,则仍需在设空前寻找线索。其后也会出现固定搭配中的若干词语。故瞻前顾后需谨慎。
具体步骤如下:
第一步:观察设空处为无提示词,根据句法功能判断为介词。
第二步:根据空格处前后有无出现含有介词的固定搭配,仔细鉴别句意。
第三步:推敲得出结论。
知识点3 介词的特殊含义及用法
介词的特殊含义
1.with的用法
① [表让步]尽管,虽然
With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱,他并不快乐。
With all his efforts, he lost the match. 虽然尽了全力,他还是输了那场比赛。
②[表伴随或附带情况]与…同时
Michelle had fallen asleep with her head against his shoulder.米歇尔睡着了,头靠在他的肩上。
I slept with the window open. 我开着窗户睡觉。
Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。
③伴着(声音或手势);带着(表情)
With a sigh, she leant back and closed her eyes.她叹了口气,身体向后倚靠,闭上了眼睛。
The front door closed with a crash behind him.前门在他身后砰的一声关上了。
2.against
①紧靠;倚
The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。
He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。
②迎着;逆着
You should fly your kite against the wind. 你应该迎着风放风筝。
We are sailing against the wind.(with the wind表示“顺风”) 我们的船正在逆风行驶。
③映衬;相映;对照【高频再现】
The red flag looks very bright against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。
The little red house looks so beautiful against the green woods.
那座红色的小屋在翠绿的森林衬托下显得很美。
3.by
①到…为止;不迟于
They had finished the work by the end of last week. 到上周末他们已完成了工作。
Maybe she has come back by now. 或许到现在为止她已经回来了。
I’ll have arrived by five o’clock this afternoon. 我最迟在今天下午5点前到这里。
【注】by后接表示过去的时间状语时,多与过去完成时连用;后接now时,多与现在完成时连用;后接表示将来的时间状语时,多与将来完成时或一般将来时连用(尤其谓语是be动词时)。
②凭;靠(后接动名词表示行为的方式或手段)
He makes a living by teaching.他以教书为生。
Lock this door by turning the key twice to the left.锁这扇门要把钥匙向左转两圈。
③表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分(by+身体部位名词或衣服名词)
Suddenly she caught him by the ear. 突然间她抓住了他的耳朵。
The policeman took the thief by the hand. 警察抓住了小偷的手。
④表升降、增减的程度(by+数量词)
The number of the students has increased by one-third.学生数量增加了三分之一。
She’s taller than her younger brother by two inches.她比她小弟高两英寸。
4.through
①由于,因为
The thought of someone suffering through a mistake of mine makes me shiver.
想到有人因为我犯的错误而吃苦头,我就不寒而栗。
②经受;经历
The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。
She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。
5.for
①支持;赞成(反义词:against)
Are you for or against the plan?你是支持还是反对这个计划?
I’m all for the young enjoying themselves. 我完全赞成年轻人多玩玩。
②就…而言;相对…来说(表示相对来说不寻常)
He’s done well for a beginner. 作为新手,他干得很好。
He is heavy for a small boy. 作为一个小男孩而言,他的身体算重的了。
The day is cool for July. 在7月里这样的日子算是凉快的了。
③对于;至于;关于
For her, books were as necessary to life as bread.对她来说,书就像面包一样,是生活必需品。
It would be excellent experience for him to travel a little.对他来说,偶尔出去旅游会是很不错的经历。
6.from
①(表示区别、比较)
He is old enough to know right from wrong. 他已长大,能够辨别是非了。
I can’t tell one twin from the other. 我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。
②(表示原因)因为,由于
He wasn't ill; he stayed in bed from laziness. 他没病,躺在床上是因懒惰之故。
He is trembling from fear. 他吓得发抖
③(表判断、观点)由(…来看),根据(…来判断)
From her looks you would say she was about twenty. 从她的模样看,你会说她约摸20岁。
The expression on his face changed from sympathy to surprise.他脸上的表情从同情变为惊讶。
在解答介词题时,应当重点关注设空处前后内容和句意。如果空格后有名词、代词或动名词,且这些词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语,那么该空大概率填介词。
介词:1.考查介词短语的具体意义。2.考查介词与其前面的动词构成的固定短语的具体含义。
· 思维建模
一、判断介词的用法
1. 时间名词前的介词:年月周前要用in,日子前面却要禁。遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏须用at,黎明用它也不错。at也用在时分前。
2. 地点和方式名词的介词:在.......里,用in;在.......上,用on;穿过.....用through/across;通过.....方式,用by;借助......工具,用with等。
3. "介词+n."搭配:by accident, in trouble, in spite of, i honour of, in search of, in vain, in turn,in return, at risk, on board, on average等
4. "vi.十介词"搭配:remind sb. of sth., rob sb. of sth., go back to/date from, exchange.for. runwwwwout of, account for, agree with 等。
5. "adj.十介词"搭配:be known as, be curious about, be proud of, be rich in, be devoted to 等。
二、判断介词的方法
(1)高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。
(2)语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格,即没有提示词,这对学生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。
(3)名词或动词-ing形式在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前一定填介词。介词可位于名词之前,如at night、on Sunday等;也可位于形容词之后,如be interested in、be good at等;还可位于不及物动词之后,如listen to、arrive at、look for等。
三、判断介词的方法
(1)与动词搭配,如: remind sb of sth“提醒某人某事”;rob sb of sth“抢劫某人某物”。
(2)与名词或代词搭配,如: by accident“偶然”;by oneself “靠自己”。
(3)与形容词搭配,如:be curious about“对……感到好奇”;be proud of “因……而自豪”。
(4)其他搭配,如:not ...until ...“直到……才……”;from ...to ...“从……到……”;between ...and ... “在……和……之间”。
· 考点六 没有提示词的代词用法
知识点1通过句式结构和“指代”内容判断是否用it
①如果指代上文提到的同一个事物,用it;
②如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况,用it;
③如果作形式主语或形式宾语,用it;
④某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句,此时需先用it作形式宾语,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语)有like、dislike、hate、appreciate、depend on、rely on、count on、see to等。
知识点2指示代词用法
1. it代指上文提到的同一人、同一物
---Where's your car? --- It's in the garage. ---你的汽车在哪儿?--- 在车库里。
Start a new file and put this letter in it. 建立一个新档案,把这封信放进去。
2. that指代上文提到的不可数名词或单数名词
The population of China is larger than that one. 中国人口比日本多。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Hainan.北京的天气比海南冷。
3. those特指上文提到的复数名词
The houses in Zhengzhou are cheaper than those in Beijing. 郑州的房屋比北京房屋便宜。
4. one泛指上文提到的可数名词,前有定语
I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了,这是一个新的。
I'd like an apple. Are you having one, too? 我想买吃苹果,你也要吗?
5. ones代替泛指的复数名词
Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
6. the one特指上文提到的单数名词
This school is the one we visited last week. 这是我上周参观的那个学校。
Our house is the one next to the school. 我家的房子就是学校旁边的那座。
7. the ones特指上文提到的复数名词
Don’t buy the expensive apples; buy the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果,买那便宜的。
知识点3 常考不定代词的含义及用法
1. 两者与三者
有些不定代词只用于表示两个人或两个事物,它们是both, either和neither;而有些不定代词则只用于指三个或三个以上的人或事物,它们是all, any, none和every。在使用时千万不要弄混了。
each既可用于两者,也可用于三者或三者以上,而every只用于三者或三者以上,所以当用于两者时,只能用each,不能用every。比如要表示“路的每一边”,我们要说成each side of the road,但不能说成every side of the road,因为“路”只有两个side。但是,如果说“广场的每一边”,我们就可以说every side of the square,因为“广场”一般都有四个side。
2. 复合不定代词
复合不定代词指的是由some, any, every, no后接thing, one, body等构成的一类代词,它们包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等。它们在句中通常只用作主语、宾语或表语,不能直接用于名词前作定语。
someone不能用于名词man前作定语,况且从意义上看,someone已经表示“某人”或“有人”,在它后面接man显然是多余的。
注意,复合不定代词虽然不能用作定语,但是它们可以定语的修饰,此时要注意将修饰它们定语放在它们后面,而不是前面。如:
There’s nothing wrong with the machine. 机器没有毛病。
句中的wrong是修饰nothing的定语,但只能说成nothing wrong,不能说成wrong nothing。
还有一点要注意,就是anyone, everyone 等只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接 of 短语,可用 any one, every one (即分开写)。
3. all, every与each
从意思上看,all表示“所有的”,every表示“每个”,each也表示“每个”,它们都可以用来概括全体,但是它们的强调重点有所不同:all主要用来整体性地考虑总体,every 是考虑总体中的所有成员(与all很接近),而each则是逐个逐个地考虑总体。
从用法上看,all和each既可以单独使用,也可以后接名词,还可后接of短语;而every 后必须接名词,既不能单独使用也不能后接 of 短语。如:
从指代数量上看,each可用于指两者或两者以上的“每个”,every只能指三者或三者以上“每个”,因此指两者时只能用 each。
· 思维建模:
一、通过句式结构和“指代”,判断是否用it
如果指代上文提到的同一个事物,则用it;如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况则用it;如果作形式主语或形式宾语,则用it;注意一些固定用法:dislike/hate/appreciate/depend on/see to...+it+从句。
二、通过分析指代意义确定替代词
1.指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词则用that,若指代复数形式用those;
2. 指代前面出现过的某类事物中的“一个”则用one,若指代复数形式用ones。
三、看清句式,理清范围,确定代词
1.两者:二者选其一用either; 二者都不选用neither; 二者都选用both;
2.三者或三者以上:三者或三者以上的任何一个用any; 三者或三者以上都不选用none; 三者或三者以上都选用all;
3.其他:若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用another;若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用the other;若表示“其余的,另外的”,在名词前用other; 若不跟名词且指代复数, 用others。
· 无提示词的语法填空重难点突破:
1.先判断从句类型--定连接词
(1)定语从句有先行词,先行词在从句中作成分,因此定语从句是缺成分的句子。
(2)名词性从句:宾语从句前有及物动词;系动词后是表语从句;主语从句充当主语,是一个句子作主语,其在谓语动词的前面,主语从句在句首时连接词不能省略。
(3)掌握常用状语从句的连接词,状语从句主要靠句子的意思来确定。
2.利用并列关系--定并列连词
3.利用句子成分和词性的位置--确定冠词、介词和代词
实战闯关·模考特训
1. 25-26 浙江杭州第二中学 5月高三 适应性检测
At dawn in Guangzhou’s tea houses, bamboo steamers rise and teacups are washed in skilled rhythm. Nothing can bring us more ____56____ (refresh) than a cup of yum cha, or morning tea. For Patrick Parsons, ____57____ Irishman, this time-honored Lingnan routine is not only a window to a different culture ____58____ he has immersed himself for more than two decades, but a deeply rooted part of everyday life.
His tea habits ____59____ (undergo) a quiet transformation over the years. In Ireland, black tea is typically served with milk and sugar. But in Guangzhou’s tea houses, Parsons has come to prefer tea ____60____ its pure form. Whether Pu’er or his favored Jin Jun Mei, he drinks it unmixed. “I’ve learned to appreciate tea’s ____61____ (origin) flavor,” he said. In his view, the lively atmosphere of Guangzhou’s tea houses ____62____ (echo) the social function of Irish pubs. Parsons observed: “People come together to meet friends, to gather with family. It feels similar.” He is also fascinated by the finer details of the tradition, such as the custom of tapping fingers on the table ____63____ (express) thanks when tea is poured. Gradually, tea has reshaped his taste and broadened his understanding of local Cantonese culture.
With tradition and times ____64____ (evolve) together, yum cha continues to adapt. Yet each morning, the routine remains: diners wash their cups, share a few steamers, ____65____ ease into the day — one sip of tea, two bites of dim sum.
2. 25-26 浙江杭州市 高三下 教学质量检测二模
Before sunrise, Beijing parks look ordinary in winter — bare trees, empty benches, a few early risers. But then, a melody begins, ____56____ (float) through the air, and suddenly the space is transformed. People gather, strangers become neighbors, ____57____ art fills the public space with possibility.
Sun Chubo, a young bamboo flute (长笛) professional from the China National Opera and Dance Drama, has moved the stage from the theater to the masses. The countless ____58____ (like) both offline and online prove that this is ____59____ means for art to burst forth with vigorous and dynamic vitality.
“In outdoor performances, I can see everyone’s expressions up close. It is much easier to intuitively (直觉地) sense whether the audience enjoys the piece I am playing and ____60____ (feel) their emotions directly,” Sun told the Global Times.
When artists move into public spaces to create and perform, art steps out from the closed environment of theaters into the more open settings of public life, making itself truly seen, ____61____ (hear), and participated in. Meanwhile, authentic audience feedback and the ____62____ (interact) atmosphere of live events often inspire artists, pushing them to reconsider ____63____ they express themselves through their work.
From the depths of a bamboo forest to city squares, the venue may change, but the connection between art and the public ____64____ (remain) constant. When performers enter more public spaces and residents pause ____65____ art, this “mutual journey” in the city’s public spaces gives art its truest warmth.
3. Z20+名校联盟(浙江省名校新高考研究联盟)2027届高三第一次学情诊断
In the boundless expanse of Inner Mongolia thrives a unique musical tradition. At its heart is the morin khuur, or horse-headed fiddle, a two-stringed instrument ____56____ (name) after the carved horse head atop its neck.
The sound of the morin khuur is one of a kind. It can be as soft as a gentle whisper or as grand as a rolling thunderstorm. Legend has ____57____ that the instrument was crafted by a herder who grieved deeply for his beloved horse and made the fiddle in its memory. Since then, the morin khuur has remained a ____58____ (faith) companion to the Mongolian people.
What makes the morin khuur truly special, however, is its ____59____ (present) in everyday life. It blesses newlyweds at wedding ceremonies and fuels the passion of dancers and wrestlers at traditional festivals. On quiet evenings, herders play the fiddle by campfires, ____60____ (tell) tales of heroic ancestors through every single note.
____61____ urbanization and technological change, the morin khuur has never faded in charm. In 2017, the instrument ____62____ (introduce) to classrooms across Inner Mongolia, enabling urban children to stay connected with their cultural roots. Today, it is not ____63____ (common) to see the morin khuur performed in symphony halls alongside Western orchestras, which forms ____64____ cultural dialogue between East and West.
The morin khuur is far more than a musical instrument. It is the voice of a people — a voice _____65_____ carries the wind, the horses, and the vast grassland within every note. To listen to its melody is to feel the enduring heartbeat of a centuries-old grassland culture.
4. 26-27 浙江杭州第二中学 高三年级9月开学适应性检测
Little remains of the original edition of Yongle Dadian, an encyclopedia completed in 1408 after ____56____ (authorize) by Emperor Yongle during the Ming Dynasty. From ____57____ is left of the handwritten tome(著作), it is not difficult to imagine just how impressive it was. It not only charts the emperor’s ambitions, but acts as a ____58____ (refer) work for culture and knowledge in China. Though generally referred to as ____59____ “encyclopedia”in the English-speaking world, Yongle Dadian is distinct from modern encyclopedias that provide summarized introductions. It is known as leishu (“category book”), ____60____ lengthy citations or entire works, rather than excerpts, are categorized based on themes and the pronunciation of key words. More than 600 leishu works ____61____ (write) in ancient China, the oldest of them dating to the 3rd century.
In imperial times, Yongle Dadian was meant ____62____ (read) only by emperors. In 1403, ____63____ (win) a civil war and seized the throne from his nephew, Zhu Di appointed Xie Jin, chief of the cabinet, to compile the encyclopedia ____64____ an attempt to calm intellectuals and academics. Xie handed in a draft, but the emperor was not satisfied because he thought it mainly focused on ancient classics and was not ____65____ (include) enough. Yao Guangxiao,a monk and a political adviser to Zhu Di, took over the job as editor-in-chief. For the Chinese, it embodies the brilliance and cultural resilience of Chinese civilization.
5. 26-27 浙江省杭州第二中学 高三上 10月月考英语试题
For Spanish scholar Ana Maria, traditional Chinese poetry is more than literature — it is a bond connecting two distant civilizations through ___36___ (share) feelings and lasting charm.
Her work, River Echo: Selected Classical Chinese Poems, ___37___(publish) in 2024 and quickly won several important awards. It collects masterpieces by ___38___(literature) masters including Tao Yuanming, Du Fu, Li Bai, and Su Shi, spanning from the Tang Dynasty (618–907) to the Qing Dynasty (1636–1912).
“Translating ancient Chinese poems into modern Spanish was a huge challenge, because Spanish literature is ___39___(relative) short-lived, while Chinese poetry has thousands of years of growth, with rich styles and many distinguished poets,” Ana Maria says.___40___(link) different cultures, she carefully keeps the emotion and rhythm of the originals while mixing them with the beauty of Spanish poetry, creating a warm dialogue that bridges cultures. She also adds notes to explain historical events and ___41___ (poet) lives.
For Ana Maria, translation is not only about words but about passing on thoughts and feelings across languages. In this task, she tries to show the heart of the original work, whether it is a poem ___42___ a thinker’s ideas. Therefore, when the translation reaches readers, it gains new life, ___43___(present) Chinese culture from her special view.
Ana Maria hopes her work will help local people better understand Chinese culture, just as she said — Poetry is ___44___ a stream that crosses mountains and rivers and flows into ____45____ heart of a foreign land.
6. 26-27 安徽华师联盟 高三上 9月份开学质量检测
During the May Day holiday, wellness tourism gained popularity ____56____ a fresh alternative to traditional travel options like cross-border trips and city sightseeing.
Li Yanling from Beijing ____57____(choose) the Fengcheng health and wellness demonstration zone in Jincheng for a relaxing getaway. “Popular tourist spots are usually overcrowded, ____58____(leave) us exhausted. This time, we wanted a trip that rejuvenates (使年轻)both body and mind,” he said.
Wellness tourism combines medical services, healthcare and leisure activities. ____59____(fuel) by China’s aging population, policy support and people’s rising health awareness,____60____ industry is expanding rapidly. The 60-square-kilometre Fengcheng zone, with high-end resorts and forest retreats (疗养所), has attracted hundreds of thousands of visitors. Jincheng is exploring the “tourism plus wellness” model. New ____61____(trend) like TCM (中医)tourism and meditation retreats are rising. The Wolong Bay resort mixes wellness with TCM, holding lectures ____62____(enrich) visitors’ experiences.
Other places also catch the trend. Bama County in Guangxi, ____63____ is known as a “longevity haven (长寿之乡)”, and Mogan Mountain in Zhejiang with ____64____(it) homestays have developed rural wellness tourism.
Though middle-aged and elderly visitors are the main market, more young people are taking part. “This slow-paced wellness holiday was so refreshing, and we’ll ____65____(definite) take more trips like this,” Li Yanling said.
7. 26-27 福建福州高级中学 高三上 8月适应性考试
For centuries, Chinese poets have caught the amazing beauty of the Fuchun River in Hangzhou through simple but poetic words.
In July 2024, poets from the BRICS countries followed the same path and engaged in ____36____ impromptu (即兴的) poetry event inspired by the river. Their creations were collected in Messengers from the Vernal Wood, ____37____ was released in Germany on October 18, 2024. ____38____ (edit) Li Shaojun said poetry is a universal language expressing shared human emotions. “The BRICS countries all have a splendid history, and through this common language, we can greatly improve communication and exchange, ____39____ (connect) more BRICS poets,” he said.
Talking about his journey to the poetry festival, Brazilian poet Thiago Moraes said he was still excited to visit a country ____40____ (total) different from his own. To his surprise, Moraes found some ____41____ (similar) with the Chinese poet friends in expressing their inner worlds ____42____ landscapes. He emphasized that poetry keeps people humble, open and diverse. “We poets should gather our efforts to make a ____43____ (good) world,” he added.
Ethiopian poet Seife Temam, impressed by Tang poet Li Bai, ____44____ (pen) a romantic line: I am a child of the Nile, ____45____ I am drawn to the Fuchun River.
8. 26-27 湖北高中名校联盟 高三上学期一模
A celebration marking the 2026 UN “International Day of Dialogue among Civilizations”, the “Guizhou Colorido” performance was held on June 12 in Santiago, the capital of Chile.
The performance kicked off ____56____ the beautiful sounds of lusheng (reed pipe) and mangtong (bamboo pipe), as performers ____57____ (dress) in delicate Guizhou ethnic costumes sang the Welcoming Wine Song, a classic folk tune. The show ____58____ (vivid) presented the profound heritage and unique charm of Guizhou’s diverse ethnic cultures through varied song and dance acts. The Guizhou Provincial Song and Dance Theatre ____59____ (stage) two masterpieces: the Dong ethnic dance Green Mountains and Lucid Waters, ____60____ a musical piece named Duet of Forest Sounds, performed on fresh wood leaves and lusheng. ____61____ wonderful performance won non-stop cheers and warm applause from the entire audience.
Niu Qingbao, Chinese ambassador to Chile, expressed his sincere hope ____62____ the China Cultural Center in Santiago could serve as a new starting point. He expected both countries would cooperate closely ____63____ (promote) cultural exchanges and let the fruits of mutual learning benefit citizens on both sides.
Guizhou, ____64____ (feature) rich and colorful ethnic resources, has long attached great importance to international cultural communication. Such wonderful performances build a soft bridge between China and Latin America, proving that all ____65____ (nation) are equal and splendid.
9. 26-27 湖北武汉市 高中毕业生9月调研考试
Last month, a group of international visual creators and bloggers from nine countries ___36___ (tour) the Yungang Grottoes (洞穴) and the Hanging Temple in Datong, Shanxi province, to learn about ancient architecture and achievements in digital ___37___ (preserve).
The Yungang Grottoes were first carved during the Northern Wei Dynasty, making them China’s first large-scale royal grotto complex ___38___ (construct) after the introduction of Buddhism. Local authorities ___39___ (advance) digital conservation efforts and research on Yungang studies since 2003.
Fabio Nodari, an Italian photographer, visited Shanxi for the second time. In his view, the Yungang Grottoes represents the combination of multiple ethnic groups and diverse cultures. “The statues’ ___40___ (face) features, colorful costumes, and decorative patterns contain a wealth of foreign cultural elements integrated with Chinese artistic elements, forming a distinctive style ___41___ their own among China’s art treasures,” he said. Veldesen Yaputra, a blogger from Indonesia, said after the show, “Digital technology allows us ___42___ (visualize) the grotto statues, and also helps audiences truly appreciate ___43___ ancient craftsmen created architectural miracles.”
___44___ tour group recorded their visits in the form of short videos, photography and paintings, ____45____ (share) Shanxi’s stories with audiences at home and abroad. Their works are part of Discovering Shanxi’s Ancient Chinese Architecture, a visual journey through cultural heritage recently launched by China Daily and Shanxi Daily.
10. 26-27 湖南长沙市长郡中学 高三上学期开学英语试题
The Grand Canal, the world’s longest man-made waterway, is a monumental engineering achievement that stretches over 1,794 kilometers across central and eastern China. Its width may vary, but at its ____36____ (wide), the Canal is up to 131 feet.
This vast canal system extends from Beijing in the north to Zhejiang province in the south, ____37____ (cross) numerous provincial-level regions. ____38____ (list) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014, the Grand Canal continues to be a significant cultural and historical landmark that reflects brilliant ancient Chinese ____39____ (civilize).
The origins of the Grand Canal can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period(770-476 BC), ____40____ its earliest sections were established. During the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Yang Guang recognized the need for a comprehensive transportation network to facilitate the movement of goods, people, and military ____41____ (force) across the unified nation. In 605 AD, he started the ambitious project ____42____ (construct) the Grand Canal, which was completed in 611 AD, connecting the Yellow River with the Yangtze River. This massive undertaking marked ____43____ creation of the world’s largest civil engineering project prior to the Industrial Revolution.
Historically, the Grand Canal ____44____ (be) a crucial lifeline for ancient China’s economy, facilitating the transport of agricultural produce, especially grain, from the fertile southern regions to the northern capitals. Today, it is recognized _____45_____ a model of hydraulic engineering and evidence for human creativity and adaptability in overcoming natural challenges.
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第四部分 语法填空
第01讲 语法填空 — 有提示词
考情分析
年份
卷别
词数
有提示词
无提示词
谓语
非谓语
名词
形容词副词
代词
介词
冠词
数词
并列连词
从属连词
2026
全国I卷
230
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
全国II卷
264
1
2
2
1+1
1
1
1
浙江1月
222
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
2025
全国I卷
258
2
1
1
1+1
1
1
1
1
全国II卷
240
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
浙江1月
226
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
2024
全国I卷
243
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
全国Ⅱ卷
220
2
3
2
1
1
1
1.从命题内容上看,高考命题主要从以下几方面考查:
1)考查中国传统文化; 2)考查人物故事; 3)考查科学技术进步;
4)考查跨学科融合; 5)考查中外文化交流,国际视野。
注重通过语篇体现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴,引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀,坚定文化自信,拓展国际视野,在跨文化交流学习中增进国际理解,推动世界文明共同发展。
2.从命题思路上看:
1) 考查谓语动词一般都给出比较具体的时间状语,考生能通过时间状语确定相应的时态,难度适中;
2) 非谓语动词的考查多集中在作定语或状语成分上,难点是根据语境确定用哪种非谓语动词形式;
3) 形容词和副词考查频繁,但难度较小,一般考查词形转换,考查比较等级是相对较难的方向。
4) 名词考查主要考查:名词的单复数、名词所有格、词形转换
5) 代词考查较少,主要考查:代词的格、形容词性物主代词、反身代词。
有提示词类:设置6~7个小题
高频考点
谓语动词
1~2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致,其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题,答案最多三个单词。
非谓语动词
1~2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词,每种最多设1题。
派生词
1~3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。
名词
0~1题。主要考查可数名词的复数,也可能会考查名词的所有格。
形容词和副词类
0~1题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换,以及其比较级或最高级。
低频考点
代词:0~1题。一般给出人称代词的主格,要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。
· 考点一 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
知识点1 动词的时态
一、确定作谓语
分析句子结构,若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但空处所填词与之是并列关系时,空处就用谓语动词。
若填谓语动词,就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
(1)根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态;
(2)根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态;
(3)根据人称和数,确保主谓一致。
二、确定时态
1.根据具体的时间状语:常见的时态的时间状语标志词
时态
时间状语
一般现在时
now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等
一般过去时
yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等
一般将来时
next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等
现在进行时
now, at present, at this moment等
现在完成时
since+时间点,in/over the past... years, in recent years, for+时间段, so far等
过去完成时
by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等
2.根据具并列关系:
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
3.根据常用句式定时态:
(1) was/were doing... when...+一般过去时
(2) was/were about to do... when...+一般过去时
(3) it is the+序数词+time+that...+现在完成时
(4) it was the+序数词+time+that...+过去完成时
(5) No sooner had+主语+done... than+一般过去时
(6) Hardly/Scarcely had+主语+done... when+一般过去时
(7) It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时
4.根据语境暗示。
没有标志性的时间状语,且其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过正确理解语境暗示解题,也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。
知识点2 动词的语态
确定语态
1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系
(1)分析句子结构,发现提示词作谓语,若与主语之间是主动关系,应考虑用主动语态;若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。
(2)被动语态的基本形式为:be+过去分词。
(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态,再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。
2.主动表被动
(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时;
(2)当read,sell,wear,write,wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时;
知识点3 主谓一致
得分速记
确定“主谓一致”
项目
主语
谓语动词
语法
一致
不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number of+复数可数名词
单数
复数可数名词,and连接的两个名词,a number of+复数可数名词
复数
(together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语
与前面主语一致
意义
一致
“the+形容词”表示抽象概念;强调整体的集合名词
单数
“the+形容词”表示一类人或物;强调个体的集合名词
复数
就近
一致
neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语;“here/there+谓语+主语”结构中的主语不止一个时
与邻近主语一致
· 思维建模:
一、利用平行关系解决时态问题
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
二、确定谓语动词语态的关键
确定谓语动词语态的关键是弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系。如果所给动词的主语是动作的执行者,则用主动语态;若所给动词的主语是动作的承受者,则用被动语态。
1.“一定”辨明主语、谓语和时态。
2.牢记常考时态的被动语态结构,一般时态中be done=get/become done; 牢记主动表被动含义的常见结构,如“用作不及物意义的动词+副词”。
· 考点二 提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
确定作非谓语
分析句子结构,所给提示词是动词时,若句中已有谓语动词,又无连词时,则考虑填非谓语动词。
知识点1 非谓语动词作状语
1.寻找线索
(1) 挖空句有谓语动词,通常用逗号把状语与主干分隔开。
(2) 我们需要认真分析句子结构,明确句子成分,先甄别出句子的主干,再确定用哪种形式作状语。
2.解题指导
(1) 找句子主干:认真阅读挖空的句子,找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语),从而正确理解句意。
(2) 确定谓语动词和非谓语动词:分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
(3) 确定填哪种非谓语动词形式:
① 主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系:表目的,用to do; 表出乎意料的结果,用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果,用doing。
② 主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系:表动作还未发生,用to be done; 表动作已经发生,用done。
知识点2 非谓语动词作定语
1.寻找线索
(1)空格可在名词或代词之前,也可在名词或代词之后,对该名词或代词起修饰或限定作用。
(2)如果有逗号隔开,放在名词或代词之后,通常对该名词进行补充说明,其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
2.解题指导
(1)如果名词中心词是该动作的发出者,通常用现在分词(短语)作定语。
(2)如果名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用过去分词(短语)作定语。
(3)如果表示未发生的动作,且名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用动词不定式作定语。
知识点3 非谓语动词作表语
1.寻找线索
非谓语动词作表语包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式三种。空格通常在系动词 be, become, get, seem, appear, look, turn等之后,描述主语的特点或状态。
2.解题指导
(1)主语是表示人的名词或代词,通常用过去分词作表语,表示主语的心情和感受。
(2)主语是表示事物的名词或代词,通常用现在分词作表语,表示事物的特点。
(3)动词不定式作表语通常表示未发生的动作。
知识点4 非谓语动词作宾语
1.寻找线索
动词不定式和动名词都可以充当宾语。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构:
得分速记
(1)介词(如by, for, of, with, without, after等)之后加动名词作宾语,注意to的身份识别。
(2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语:advise, admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustomed to, be devoted to, lead to, object to等。
(3)在下列动词之后,常接不定式作宾语:decide, demand, offer, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。
2.解题指导
(1)仔细观察挖空的句子。
(2)找出(句子的)谓语动词。
(3)确定填动名词还是动词不定式。
知识点5 非谓语动词作主语
1.寻找线索
主语是谓语陈述的对象,通常位于句首。动名词(doing)和动词不定式(to do)都可以充当主语。
2.解题指导
(1)句中缺少主语,找到句子的谓语部分,确定应用doing还是to do作主语。
(2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing,表具体某一次的动作用to do。
(3)掌握用动名词或不定式作主语的句型:
①It's +adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(+for/of sb)+to do sth
②It's no use/no good/no fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth
③It takes sb+some time/money+to do sth
知识点6 非谓语动词作补足语
1.寻找线索
动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可充当宾语补足语。
得分速记
(1)不定式作宾补:allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, persuade, tell等+sb to do sth。
(2)have sb/sth doing “让某人/某物一直做”; have sb/sth done “使某人/某物被……”。
(3)with复合结构
①with+宾语+to do,表示动作还未发生;
②with+宾语+doing,表示主动、动作正在进行;
③with+宾语+done,表示被动、动作已完成。
2.解题指导
(1)动词不定式作宾语补足语,通常表示一个宾语发出的动作。在一些结构中必须用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
(2)现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的发出者,表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作。
(3)过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的承受者,表示一个完成的、被动的动作。
· 思维建模:
一、非谓语动词作状语
1. 找句子主干:认真阅读挖空的句子,找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语),从而正确理解句意。
2. 确定谓语动词和非谓语动词:分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
3. 确定填哪种非谓语动词形式:
①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系:表目的,用to do; 表出乎意料的结果,用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果,用doing。
②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系:表动作还未发生,用to be done; 表动作已经发生,用done。
二、不定式作定语
①常接不定式作定语的词有:chance,opportunity,ability,decision,right(权利),不定代词等。
1)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
2)Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference.
②不定式作定语,修饰序数词等She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today.
三、过去分词作定语
1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时,通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外),是一个短语作定语时,就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时,被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。
2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成,不表示被动:
a fallen tree/leaf:倒下的树/落叶 the risen sun/moon:升起了的太阳/月亮
a faded rose:凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人
an escaped prisoner:逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生
1. 现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。
表示心理状态的动词-ing形式,意为“令人……的”;动词-ed形式,意为“(人)感到……的”,也可修饰体现内心感受的look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名词。
2. 动词不定式在平时模拟考试中,考查的频度较大,导致很多学生产生思维定势,见到不定式的题就用一般式to do的形式,这是平时训练的缺陷。临近高考前要进一步强化,做到查漏补缺。
四、不定式作宾语补足语
①常接不定式作宾补的动词有:ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/
need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer sb to do……:
例:Miss Janson persuaded the boy not to smoke any more.
②在feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时,后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加to; 但以上动词如为被动语态,后面接的动词前要加to。
1)Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard.
2)The teacher is often listened to to sing the English song at home.
五、不定式作宾语
1.常接不定式作宾语的词:like/love / want/ wish/ hope /expect/ desire/ hate/ prefer/ continue/ manage/ try/ ask/ beg/ demand /afford /offer/ fail/ start/ begin/ forget /remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/choose/pretend/arrange to do…:
2.it作形式宾语代不定式: find/ think/ consider/ feel/ make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…We find it necessary to master German and French.
六、非谓语动词作主语
不定式作主语:
1.不定式作主语:动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
2.表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来发生的动作,多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时,多用doing作主语。
3.在下列两个句型中it是形式主语,不定式是真正主语;of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语:
A. It is/was + 形容词(of sb)to do sth.
【赞扬,责备的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语:wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous,considerate…】
B. It is/was + 形容词(for sb)to do sth.
【以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语:easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful…。多数情况都用for sb作逻辑主语。】
1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old.
2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do.
· 考点三 提示词为动词—考查转换为名词或形容词
知识点1 动词变为名词
名词后缀
示例
-er/
-or
announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员
instruct→instructor 指导者,教师 design→designer设计师
-ment
achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论;论据
equip →equipment装备;设备 govern→government政府
-y
recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现
-ance/
-ence
appear→appearance出现;外貌 perform→performance表演;表现
prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考,查阅
-ure/
-ture
fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力
depart→departure离开;出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
-ing
hear→hearing听力,听觉 begin→beginning开始
build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
-ion/
-tion/
-sion/
correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝
conclude→conclusion结论;结束 discuss→discussion讨论;论述
decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认;准许加入
permit→permission允许,许可 invite→invitation邀请
explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望
知识点2 动词变形容词
形容词后缀
示例
-able
enjoy vt.享受→enjoyable adj.令人愉快的
suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的
-ed
frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的annoy vt.使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的
-ing
convince vt.说服,使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的
thrill vt.使兴奋 → thrilling adj.令人兴奋的
-ful
forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的
succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的
-ive
comprehend v. 理解→comprehensive adj. 综合性的
create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造力的
-ant
tolerate v.容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的,容忍的
ignore v. 忽视→ignorant adj. 无知的,愚昧的
· 考点四 提示词为名词—考查名词复数、所有格和词形转换
知识点1 名词复数
1. 牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式
(1)一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s:book→ books, mouth→ mouths, house→ houses, girl→ girls
(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es:glass→ glasses, box→ boxes, match→ matches
(3)以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es;city→ cities, country→ countries, party→ parties
(4) 【注意】以o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s:radios, zoos, pianos, kilos, photos;加-es的有以下词:heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes。
(5) 【注意】以-f,-fe结尾的名词
①少数直接加-s:roof→ roofs,belief→ beliefs。
②一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es:self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half。
2.名词在不定代词few, a few, other, all, both, many, several等后时,要想到用复数形式。
3.谓语动词为复数形式,要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。
4.【注意】注意一些不规则变化的名词复数,如child→ children, man→ men, tooth→ teeth, foot→ feet, woman→ women等。但human→ humans(准确记住不规则变化一轮复习不留知识死角。)
5.有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等,如congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。
6.【高频再现】一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式,常见的有:make friends with(与……交朋友)、shake hands with...(与……握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make preparations for(为……作准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。
7.常考的不可数名词
(1)表物质的不可数名词:baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。
(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词:work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)等。
(3)【注意】永远不可数的重点名词:advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。(一定记牢)
得分速记
名词单复数的形式比较复杂,注意掌握好以下的情况
(1)有些名词一般不用复数形式,但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别
fishes各种鱼; fruits各种水果; steels各种钢材
(2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义
snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人,two peoples两个民族
(3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时,为物质名词,不可数
The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时,则为个体名词,可数;
如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作 “眼镜”解时,须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses
(4)paper一词作“纸”解时,不可数
write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时,则可数,如: hand in your test papers
(5)物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词,要根据情况使用单数或复数形式
a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap
(6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义
time(时间)→times( 时代,次,倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作,工厂,工事)
air(空气) →airs( 气派,架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌)
custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息)
arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金)
glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物)
compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗)
知识点2 名词所有格
1.有生命的名词,其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。
2.表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格。
3.无生命的名词,借用of表示所属关系。
4.【注意】如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。
Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)
5.【注意】双重所有格:“a/two/some... +名词+of+名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友
two photos of hers 她的两张照片
知识点3 提示词是名词的词形转换
1.名词考查转化为形容词或动词的后缀
后缀
示例
--y
sun→sunny 有阳光的,晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的
--ed
balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
--ful
meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的
--able
suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的
--ous
courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的
--al
addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的
--ly
friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的
--en
wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的
--cal
politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的
--ant
significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的
--cial
commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的
-en
deep→deepen 变深,加深 length→lengthen 延长
2.名词转化为名词后缀
后缀
例词
-ian/
-ist/
music→ musician音乐家politics→ politician政治家
science→ scientist科学家piano→ pianist钢琴家
①history→ historian历史学家 library→ librarian图书管理员
②cycle→ cyclist骑自行车的人
· 思维建模:
一、判断名词复数方法
根据规则确定名词单复数
1.如果空格处被these, several, many和数词等修饰时, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
2.如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
二、名词的所有格
1.如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。
Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)
2.双重所有格:“a/two/some... +名词+of+名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友 two photos of hers 她的两张照片
· 考点五 提示词为形容词、副词—考查形容词、副词比较等级及词形转换
知识点1 形容词、副词的词性转化
1.形容词的词形转换
类别
例词
词尾加-y
cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy
词尾加-(e)d
gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited
词尾加ing
surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening
词尾加-ful/-less
meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless
词尾加-able
comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable
词尾加-ous
danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous
词尾的-ce变为-t
confidence→confident, difference→different
词尾加-al
music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional
词尾加-ly
friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely
词尾加-en
wood→wooden, wool→woolen
其他常见变化
energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific
以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y (如sun→sunny, fun→funny等),以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)
动词词尾加ive/ative
attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective
2.副词的词形转换规律总结
类别
例词
形容词+后缀-ly
clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词,把y变成i再加-ly
happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/,直接加ly)
词尾为ble/le的形容词,去掉e,再加-y
terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外:whole→wholly)
词尾为-ue的形容词,去掉e再加-ly
true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)
词尾为-ll的形容词,直接加-y
full→fully, dull→dully
词尾为-ic的形容词,加-ally
basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically
知识点2 形容词、副词比较等级
形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成(+er/est)转换
以e结尾
+r/st
late—later—latest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变-y为i,+er/est
early—earlier—earliest
以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母)
双写结尾字母+er/est
big—bigger—biggest
多音节和部分双音节结尾
前面加more/most
beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful
(1)有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加er和est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有:common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。
(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。
(3)不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good, well
better
best
bad, badly, ill
worse
worst
many, much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”)
farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的;最远的”)
further(指空间距离“更远的”;在更大程度上)
furthest(指空间距离“最远的”;在最大程度上)
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
知识点3 形容词、副词的比较级相关的句型
(1)同级比较
①as+adj./adv. (原形)+as... “和……一样”;not as/so+adj./adv. (原形)+as... “和……不一样”
②当as... as结构中有名词时,可用以下结构:
as+形容词原级+a(n)+n. +as...
as+many+可数名词复数+as...
as+much+不可数名词+as...
(2)比较级
“形容词/副词比较级+than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less+形容词/副词原级+than”结构,表示“一方不及另一方……”。
the+比较级+of the two+名词/代词“两者中较……的”。
Who is the younger of the two boys?
这两个男孩中较小的是哪一个?
介词in和of引导的短语说明比较的范围。如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in;如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。
修饰比较等级的副词:much, even, still, far, yet, a little, a lot, a bit, rather, any等。more, very等副词不可修饰比较级。
(3)最高级
①表示三者或三者以上的比较,常见的结构:“the+最高级+表示比较范围的短语或从句”,表示“……是……中最……的”。
②最高级的其他表达法
A. 否定词+比较级
B. 比较级+than+any other+单数名词
C. 比较级+than+all the other+复数名词
D. 比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词
E. 比较级+than anything/anyone else
有些词本身就有最高级含义,不能再用最高级形式,常见的:favourite,wonderful,exhausted等;有些词本身有比较级含义,故不与than连用,如be senior to等。
(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型
①the+adj. /adv. 比较级, the+adj. /adv. 比较级 “越……,越……”
②adj. /adv. 比较级+and+adj. /adv. 比较级“越来越……”
③the+adj. 比较级+of the two+名词“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个”
④no more than“仅仅”, not more than“至多;不超过”
⑤more... than... “与其说……不如说……”
⑥no+比较级+than “和……一样不……”
⑦not+比较级+than “不比……更……”
⑧倍数句型
A is+倍数+比较级+than+B
A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
A is+倍数+the+名词(size, length, height等)+of+B
形容词后缀-able
1.能……的;可……的
rely→ reliable 可信赖的,可依靠的
特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间
change →changeable 易变的 admire →admirable 可钦佩的 believe →believable 可相信的
2.具有……的特点
enjoy →enjoyable 令人愉快的
特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间
value →valuable 有价值的 knowledge →knowledgeable 有丰富知识的,博学的
· 考点六 提示词为代词—考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词
知识点1 人称代词
人称代词主格
I
we
you (你)
you (你们)
he
she
it
they
人称代词宾格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
知识点2 物主代词
形容词性物主代词
my
our
your (你的)
your (你们的)
his
her
its
their
名词性物主代词
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
知识点3 反身代词
反身代词
单数
myself
yourself
himself, herself, itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
与反身代词相对的短语
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
come to oneself 苏醒
by oneself 独自地
teach oneself 自学
devote oneself to 致力于……
of oneself 自动地
behave oneself 举止得体
help oneself to 自己取用……
for oneself 为自己
seat oneself 坐下
make oneself at home 不拘束
be oneself 身心自在
知识点4 与it相关的句型
it用于某些句型
1)It's (about/high) time+that-从句
某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时,有时也用“should+动词原形”)
2)It's the first/second... time+that sb. has/have done 这是某人第几次做某事
3)It's+时间段+since-从句 自从……有多长时间了
4)It's+时间段+before-从句 过了多长时间才……
5)it作形式主语(宾语)的用法
it常作形式主语(宾语),替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
(1) it作形式主语的句型
①It+be+adj. +(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。
②It+be+adj.+of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
③It+be+n.(+for sb./sth.)+to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
④It+be+adj./n.+doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。
⑤It+be+n./adj.+主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange+that从句”中,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。
(2) it作形式宾语的情况
①主语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+adj./n.+不定式/动名词/从句。
②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。
思维建模: 提示词为代词,应考虑以下几种情况
1.若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语,则应考虑人称代词的主格形式;
2.若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语,则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式;
3.若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语,则应考虑形容词性物主代词;
4.若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语,且和主语是同一人时,则应考虑反身代词。
考点七 提示词为基数词—考查其序数词或其他形式
知识点1 基数词和序数词的相互转换
①一般来说,序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。
②十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i,再加e t h。
③两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。
此外,常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内,具体见下表。
one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth
six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth
eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth
fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth
nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth
sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth
知识点2 与数词相关的表达法
①分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。
②表示某人的大约年龄,即“几十多岁”时,使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s+整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如:in his fifties。
③当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时,用单数形式,词尾不加-s;前面有many, several, a few修饰时,仍用单数形式。如:several billion years。
④“数词+普通名词+形容词”构成的合成形容词中,数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。
实战闯关·模考特训
1. 2026届 苏锡常镇四市高三下学期教学情况调研(一)
From the misty hills of Guizhou emerges a melody (旋律) shaped by earth, water and fire. Dating back over 600 years, clay whistles once were blown through rural festivals and family gatherings. Made from clay ____56____ (entire) by hand, the whistles are formed into animal figures typically. A small air hole ____57____ (leave) at the base, allowing the whistle to produce a clear sound when blown. ____58____ (combine) functionality with visual appeal, the clay whistle is both a playable object ___59___ a form of folk art that integrates sound with sculpture. Locals often say ____60____ blowing a clay whistle brings is more than just the sound of wind — it also carries the echoes of time and memory of childhood in Guizhou’s mountain landscapes.
Beyond artistry, these whistles are driving ____61____ (sustain) tourism in the region. Workshops led by inheritors (传承人) welcome travelers all over the world and offer hands-on lessons ____62____ combine tradition with modern storytelling. According to local tourism boards, visits to heritage sites in Guizhou ____63____ (rise) by 25% in the last two years — proof that culture and community can fuel economic growth.
____64____ business and tech enthusiasts, Guizhou’s singing clay is a case study in preserving tradition through ____65____ (innovate). Thought leaders see lessons in community-led preservation, while young global citizens find a fresh way to connect across borders through song.
【答案】56. entirely 57. is left 58. Combining 59. and 60. what
61. sustainable 62. that / which 63. have risen 64. For 65. innovation
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了贵州有着600多年历史的泥哨,讲述了其手工制作工艺、艺术价值,还阐述了泥哨不仅是民间艺术,更推动了当地可持续旅游发展,成为通过创新保护传统的典范,实现了文化传承与经济发展的融合。
【56题详解】
考查副词。句意:这些泥哨完全由手工用黏土制成,通常被塑造成动物的形状。所填词作状语修饰过去分词made,要将形容词entire变成副词entirely。故填entirely。
【57题详解】
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:泥哨的底部留有一个小气孔,吹奏时就能发出清脆的声音。主语A small air hole与谓语动词leave之间是被动关系;由于前句谓语动词are formed是一般现在时的被动语态,本句也要使用该语态,主语是单数名词,被动语态结构为is+动词的过去分词。故填is left。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:泥哨将功能性与视觉美感融为一体,既是一件可吹奏的器物,也是一种融合了声音与雕塑的民间艺术形式。本句已有谓语动词 is,_________(combine) functionality with visual appeal在句首作状语,要将括号里的动词combine变成非谓语动词。由于主语the clay whistle与combine之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,要用现在分词作状语,combine放在句首时首字母需大写。故填Combining。
【59题详解】
考查连词。句意:泥哨将功能性与视觉美感融为一体,既是一件可吹奏的器物,也是一种融合了声音与雕塑的民间艺术形式。根据both a playable object可知,本题考查固定搭配both...and...,表示“既……又……”。故填and。
【60题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意:当地人常说,吹泥哨带来的不仅仅是风声,它还承载着时光的回响和贵州山区童年的记忆。________blowing a clay whistle brings is more than just the sound of wind是连接词引导的宾语从句,其中________blowing a clay whistle brings在该从句中又充当主语从句,所填词作动词brings的宾语,表示“……的东西”,连接代词what符合要求。故填what。
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意:除了艺术价值,这些泥哨还推动了该地区的可持续旅游业发展。所填词作定语修饰名词tourism,要将sustain变成形容词sustainable。故填sustainable。
【62题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:由传承人开办的工坊迎接来自世界各地的游客,并提供将传统与现代叙事相结合的实践课程。_______combine tradition with modern storytelling是关系词引导的定语从句修饰先行词lessons,先行词是事物名词,所填关系词在该从句中作主语,关系代词that或which符合要求。故填that/which。
【63题详解】
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:据当地旅游部门称,过去两年,贵州文化遗产地的游客数量增长了25% —— 这证明了文化和社区能够推动经济增长。in the last two years是现在完成时的时间状语,主语visits是复数名词,和动词rise(增长)之间是主动关系,要用现在完成时的主动语态have+动词的过去分词。故填have risen。
【64题详解】
考查介词。句意:对于商界和科技界的爱好者来说,贵州会唱歌的泥哨是通过创新保护传统的典型案例。本句空格后的名词business and tech enthusiasts(商业和科技爱好者)表示对象,介词for表示“对于……来说”,用于引出对象,for放在句首时首字母要大写。故填For。
【65题详解】
考查名词。句意:对于商界和科技界的爱好者来说,贵州会唱歌的泥哨是通过创新保护传统的典型案例。根据介词through可知,此处要用名词作宾语,innovate的名词形式为innovation,表示“创新”,为不可数名词。故填innovation。
2. 2026届 苏锡常镇四市2026年5月高三教学情况调研(二)
China’s space station, Tiangong, has become a platform for international scientific cooperation, attracting researchers from around the world. Since its ____56____ (complete) in 2022, Tiangong has hosted a series of scientific experiments and ____57____ (welcome) astronauts from different countries to work on board.
Recently, a team of scientists from China and Italy has launched a joint experiment on Tiangong. The experiment, ____58____ focuses on space medicine, aims to study ____59____ long-term space travel affects the human body. This research will provide valuable data ____60____ future space exploration missions, including trips to the moon and Mars.
The Chinese government has always been committed to ____61____ (promote) international cooperation in space. It has signed cooperation agreements with more than 40 countries and regions, making Tiangong a ____62____ (share) platform for global scientific progress. Many young scientists are also encouraged to participate in space research, which helps to train ____63____ next generation of space experts.
Astronauts on Tiangong have also carried out a variety of public science activities, helping people around the world learn more about space exploration. These activities have inspired many young people ____64____ (pursue) careers in science and technology.
With the continuous development of China’s space program, Tiangong will continue to play an important role in promoting international scientific cooperation ____65____ advancing human knowledge of space.
【答案】56. completion 57. welcomed 58. which 59. how 60. for
61. promoting 62. shared 63. the 64. to pursue 65. and
【解析】【导语】介绍了中国空间站“天宫”自建成后成为国际科学合作平台,开展了一系列科学实验,吸引各国宇航员参与,同时中国致力于推动太空领域国际合作,“天宫”还开展科普活动,未来将在推动国际合作与增进人类对太空认知方面发挥更重要作用。
【56题详解】考查名词。句意:自2022年建成以来,“天宫”已经举办了一系列科学实验,并欢迎来自不同国家的宇航员到上面工作。its为形容词性物主代词,后接名词,complete的名词形式为completion,意为“完成,建成”作宾语。
【57题详解】考查动词时态。句意:自2022年建成以来,“天宫”已经举办了一系列科学实验,并欢迎来自不同国家的宇航员到上面工作。根据时间状语“Since its completion in 2022”可知,此处应用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has +过去分词”,and连接两个并列的过去分词,hosted用了过去分词形式,所以welcome也用过去分词welcomed。
【58题详解】考查定语从句。句意:这项专注于太空医学的实验,旨在研究长期太空旅行如何影响人体。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为“The experiment”,指物,在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which引导。
【59题详解】考查宾语从句。句意:这项专注于太空医学的实验,旨在研究长期太空旅行如何影响人体。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句作study的宾语,从句中缺少方式状语,结合句意,此处表示“如何”,所以用连接词how。
【60题详解】考查介词。句意:这项研究将为未来的太空探索任务,包括月球和火星之旅,提供有价值的数据。provide sth. for sb./sth.为固定搭配,意为“为……提供……”,所以此处用介词for。
【61题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国政府一直致力于推动太空领域的国际合作。be committed to doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“致力于做某事”,to为介词,后接动名词,所以此处用promoting。
【62题详解】考查形容词。句意:它已经与40多个国家和地区签署了合作协议,使“天宫”成为全球科学进步的共享平台。此处修饰名词“platform”,应用形容词,share的形容词形式为shared,意为“共享的”。
【63题详解】考查冠词。句意:许多年轻科学家也被鼓励参与太空研究,这有助于培养下一代太空专家。the next generation为固定表达,意为“下一代”,所以此处用定冠词the。
【64题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这些活动激励了许多年轻人追求科学技术领域的职业。inspire sb. to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“激励某人做某事”,所以此处用动词不定式to pursue。故填to pursue。
【65题详解】考查连词。句意:随着中国太空计划的不断发展,“天宫”将继续在促进国际科学合作和推进人类对太空的认知方面发挥重要作用。“promoting international scientific cooperation”与“advancing human knowledge of space”为并列关系,所以用连词and连接。
3. 2026届 南通(泰扬盐徐连淮宿)八市 高三第二次调研测试
Lhamo Yudron was born into a family of embroiderers. She gained a reputation in the village for her exceptional needlework skills, with many soon-to-be brides turning to her for ____56____ (assist) in creating their dowries.
However, she found that most local crafts were passed down by the older generation. Driven by an ambition ____57____ (carve) out a new path for the art, she woke up at 4 am every day to study embroidery theory. In 2009, Lhamo Yudron set up an embroidery company in her hometown and____58____ (transfer) the patterns from Tibetan costumes onto canvas, ____59____ (display) natural landscapes and wildlife through the art. Her artistic presentation combines legacies from the two ethnic groups____60____ is flexible in creating new patterns.
In 2014, her distinct embroidery products began to gain global reputation. Over the past decade, Lhamo Yudron ____61____ (cooperate) with the Van Gogh Museum. Over a dozen established brands want to purchase the copyright of her design ____62____ a high price. She attributes the popularity of her work to the unique charm of Chinese ethnic culture.
Today, Lhamo Yudron remains ____63____ (commit) to her mission, ensuring that this ancient art continues to evolve. “ ____64____ is traditional can become fashionable. The key is that we must learn to innovate because that is the best form of inheritance and the best way to give the past ____65____future,” she says.
【答案】resist = resistance
56. assistance 57. to carve 58. transferred 59. displaying 60. and
61. has cooperated /has been cooperating 62. at 63. committed 64. What 65. a
【解析】
【导语】文章讲述了藏族刺绣传承人拉毛叶忠如何凭借精湛技艺和创新精神,推动传统刺绣艺术走向世界的故事。
【56题详解】
考查名词。句意:她因出色的刺绣技艺在村里赢得了声誉,许多准新娘都向她寻求帮助,以制作自己的嫁妆。空前为介词for,空处需要填入名词作宾语,所给动词assist的名词形式为assistance,意为“帮助”。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:怀着为这门艺术开辟新道路的雄心,她每天早上4点起床学习刺绣理论。句中有谓语动词woke up,空处需填入非谓语动词。空前为名词ambition,其后应用不定式作后置定语。
【58题详解】
考查时态。句意:2009年,拉毛叶忠在家乡创办了一家刺绣公司,并将藏族服饰上的纹样复刻到画布之上,以刺绣艺术展现自然风光与野生动植物风貌。空处与set up为并列的句子谓语动词,且根据时间状语In 2009可知,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时,transfer的过去式为transferred。
【59题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:2009年,拉毛叶忠在家乡创办了一家刺绣公司,并将藏族服饰上的纹样复刻到画布之上,以刺绣艺术展现自然风光与野生动植物风貌。本句已有谓语动词set up和transferred,空处需要填入非谓语动词。所给词display与逻辑主语Lhamo Yudron之间为主动关系,应用现在分词displaying作状语。
【60题详解】
考查连词。句意:她的艺术表现形式融合了两个民族的遗产,并且在创造新图案方面具有灵活性。句中combines与空后的is是并列的谓语,应用并列连词and连接。
【61题详解】
考查时态。句意:在过去的十年里,拉毛叶忠一直与梵高博物馆合作。时间状语Over the past decade提示动作从过去持续到现在,可能仍在进行,可用现在完成时或现在完成进行时来表示。主语Lhamo Yudron为第三人称单数,现在完成时为has cooperated,现在完成进行时为has been cooperating。
【62题详解】
考查介词。句意:十多个知名品牌想要以高价购买她设计的版权。表示“以……的价格”时,介词应用at,at a high price为固定用法,意为“以高价”。
【63题详解】
考查形容词。句意:如今,拉毛叶忠仍然致力于自己的使命,确保这门古老的艺术继续发展。空前remains为系动词,空处需要填入形容词作表语。所给动词commit的形容词形式为committed,意为“致力于……”。
【64题详解】
考查主语从句。句意:传统的东西也可以变得时尚。空处引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语,此时应用连接代词what引导主语从句,且在句首,what首字母需大写。
【65题详解】
考查冠词。句意:她说,“关键在于我们必须学会创新,因为这是最好的传承形式,也是给过去一个未来的最佳方式。”空后future为可数名词,此处泛指“一个未来”,且future以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。
4. 25-26 南京师大附中、海安中学、天一中学、海门中学 高三联考
Dining customs often provide an insight into a culture’s values. In the West, a separate meal for each person is a common practice. Even at a banquet, people take ___36___ they like for themselves rather than sharing dishes. With ever-widening opening up to the outside world, this Western culinary (烹饪的) practice has influenced China to a certain extent, ___37___ has not basically changed the eating habits of the Chinese people.
In the eyes of the Chinese, what is important about eating, especially at festivals, is to eat in a certain atmosphere and with certain sentiments (情感). In the process, the old and young sit ___38___ the order of seniority, talking and laughing in a joyous atmosphere, ___39___ the elders select food for the young, and the young make toasts to the elders. It is a lively, warm and harmonious family ___40___ (reunite). A hostess or host in China would distribute the dishes to treat guests. Using a pair of serving chopsticks, she or he offers the best part of ___41___ (fry) fish to the most important guest, ___42___ custom which expresses respect, concern and hospitality and is still popular among elder Chinese.
Such culinary customs ___43___ (have) a certain influence on the character of the Chinese people since ancient times. In a sense, it has strengthened the ___44___ (collect) spirit of the nation. At a party or a banquet, everyone first takes into consideration the needs of the group, with the eating process also ____45____ (be) a time to show humility and concern for others. This is different from Western eating habits, which pay more attention to individual needs.
【答案】36. what 37. but##yet 38. in 39. where 40. reunion
41. fried 42. a 43. have had 44. collective 45. being
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要对比介绍了中西方用餐习俗的差异,指出西方“分餐制”与中国“共餐制”背后的文化价值观,强调了中国饮食习俗对民族性格和集体精神的影响。
【36题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意:即使在宴会上,人们也会自己取喜欢的食物,而不是分享菜肴。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,从句中“like”后缺少宾语,指代“所喜欢的东西”,应用连接代词what来引导。故填what。
【37题详解】
考查连词。句意:随着中国对外开放不断扩大,这种西方饮食习俗在一定程度上影响了中国,但并没有从根本上改变中国人的饮食习惯。根据语意可知,空格前后为转折关系,应用连词but或yet来连接。故填but/yet。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意:在这个过程中,老少按辈分就座,在欢乐的气氛中谈笑风生,长辈为晚辈夹菜,晚辈向长辈敬酒。“in the order of”为固定短语,意为“按照……的顺序”,故填in。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:同上。此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是“a joyous atmosphere”,表示抽象地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where来引导。故填where。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意:这是一场生动、温暖、和谐的家庭团聚。根据空格前的不定冠词“a”可知,此处应用reunite的名词单数形式reunion,意为“团聚”,family reunion表示“家庭团聚”。故填reunion。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:主人或女主人会用公筷把煎鱼最好的部分夹给最重要的客人,这是一种表达尊重、关心和好客的习俗,在年长的中国人中仍然很流行。句中已有谓语动词offers,所以此处应用fry的非谓语动词形式,因其与修饰名词“fish”之间为被动关系,即鱼被煎,所以应用过去分词形式作定语。故填fried。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意:同上。此处空格后的“custom”为可数名词,表示泛指“一种习俗”,且“custom”以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a来修饰。故填a。
【43题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这种饮食习俗自古以来对中国人的性格产生了一定的影响。根据时间状语“since ancient times”和语境可知,此处表示过去某事对现在造成影响,应用现在完成时;主语“Such culinary customs”为复数,助动词用have,故填have had。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意:从某种意义上说,它增强了民族的集体精神。修饰名词“spirit”,应用collect的形容词形式collective作定语,意为“集体的”。故填collective。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:在聚会或宴会上,每个人首先考虑的是群体的需要,而用餐过程也是展示谦逊和关心他人的时刻。此处为“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”复合结构,“be”与宾语“the eating process”之间为主动关系,应用其现在分词形式作宾补。故填being。
5. 25-26 浙江省Z20名校联盟(浙江省名校新高考研究联盟)高三上 第一次联考
In the primeval forests of Hanzhong, Shaanxi province, ____56____ (grow) a remarkable vine (藤蔓). It is known for its unmatched flexibility, ____57____ (exception) length, and a smooth surface.
Since ancient times, locals have recognized its potential as ____58____ high-quality natural weaving material, ____59____ (prize) for the vine’s lightness, breathability and remarkable durability.
The Records of the Three Kingdoms by Western Jin Dynasty ____60____ (history) Chen Shou documented its military applications, describing “vine armor” so effective that it could float across rivers, resist water, and stand against arrows.
“It is an ancient handicraft that creates functional household items ____61____ (use) wooden or bamboo frames as structures ____62____ green vines as weaving substance, and employing traditional handweaving techniques,” explains Chen Liangshun, who ____63____ (practise) the craft for more than three decades.
At his company in Huangguan town, Nanzheng district of Hanzhong, villagers have been busy preparing summer products, among ____64____ fans have been particularly popular recently. “The online sales have easily reached 1,000 to 2,000 orders daily,” says Chen ____65____ his 50s.
【答案】56. grows 57. exceptional 58. a 59. prized 60. historian
61. using 62. and 63. has practised / has been practising 64. which 65. in
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了陕西省汉中市原始森林中的一种藤蔓,这种藤蔓具有极高的柔韧性和耐用性,被用于制作各种生活用品和军事装备,展现了其独特的价值和传统工艺的魅力。
【56题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在陕西省汉中市的原始森林中,生长着一种非凡的藤蔓。这是一个倒装句,提示词grow(生长)是谓语动词,与主语a remarkable vine之间是主动关系,描述客观事实用一般现在时态,主语是单数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。故填grows。
【57题详解】
考查形容词。句意:它以其无与伦比的柔韧性、非凡的长度和光滑的表面而闻名。提示词修饰名词length,应用形容词exceptional作定语,意为“非凡的”。故填exceptional。
【58题详解】
考查冠词。句意:自古以来,当地人就认识到它作为优质天然编织材料的潜力,因其轻盈、透气和卓越的耐用性而备受珍视。material是可数名词,泛指“一种材料”,且high-quality发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
【59题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:自古以来,当地人就认识到它作为优质天然编织材料的潜力,因其轻盈、透气和卓越的耐用性而备受珍视。“(prize) for the vine’s lightness, breathability and remarkable durability”作后置定语,prize(珍视)与逻辑主语high-quality natural weaving material之间是被动关系,用过去分词表被动。故填prized。
【60题详解】
考查名词。句意:西晋历史学家陈寿所著的《三国志》记载了它的军事用途,描述了“藤甲”非常有效,可以浮过河流,防水,并能抵御箭矢。根据句意,此处指“历史学家”,应用名词historian作介词by的宾语,此处表示一位历史学家,用单数形式。故填historian。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:“这是一种古老的手工艺,利用木制或竹制框架作为结构,绿色藤蔓作为编织材料,并采用传统的手工编织技术,制作出实用的家居用品,”陈良顺解释说,他从事这项工艺已有30多年。“(use) wooden or bamboo frames as structures”作状语,use(使用)用非谓语动词形式,与其逻辑主语an ancient handicraft之间是主动关系,用现在分词表主动。故填using。
【62题详解】
考查连词。句意:“这是一种古老的手工艺,利用木制或竹制框架作为结构,绿色藤蔓作为编织材料,并采用 传统的手工编织技术,制作出实用的家居用品,”陈良顺解释说,他从事这项工艺已有30多年。结合句意,“wooden or bamboo frames as structures”和“green vines as weaving substance”之间是并列关系,用连词and连接。故填and。
【63题详解】
考查时态。句意:“这是一种古老的手工艺,利用木制或竹制框架作为结构,绿色藤蔓作为编织材料,并采用传统的手工编织技术,制作出实用的家居用品,”陈良顺解释说,他从事这项工艺已有30多年。practise(从事)是定语从句中谓语动词,根据时间状语“for more than three decades”可知,表示从过去持续到现在的动作,用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时,主语who(即先行词Chen Liangshun)是专有名词,谓语动词用单数形式。故填has practised/has been practising。
【64题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:在汉中市南郑区皇冠镇他的公司里,村民们一直在忙着准备夏季产品,其中扇子最近特别受欢迎。“among _____ fans have been particularly popular recently”是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词summer products,指物,关系词将其代入定语从句中作介词among的宾语,用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
【65题详解】
考查介词。句意:“网上的订单每天轻松达到1000到2000单,”50多岁的陈说。表示“在某人几十岁时”,用介词in和表示年龄的名词复数连用,即“in one’s+基数词复数”。故填in。
6. 25-26 浙江省Z20名校联盟(浙江省名校新高考研究联盟)高三上 第二次联考
Throughout the ages, Chinese women have different ways to make them look more beautiful. Compared with the modern, ancient women had ____36____ (few) kinds of makeup. But they still had their own set of “secret weapons”.
____37____ (believe) to have originated during the Spring and Autumn Period, facial powder was one of the most basic forms of makeup. In order to make their skin look white, ancient people directly applied highly toxic lead powder to the face. Rouge, powder used ____38____ (color) the lips or cheeks, can date back to the Shang dynasty. Lipstick is another popular beauty enhancement product since the pre-Qin dynasty, ____39____ color in ancient China was mostly red to make women look more youthful and energetic.
Chinese women have always paid great attention to their eyebrows as they believe that this facial feature ____40____ (link) to their fate. The beauty-loving women first used burnt willow branches ____41____ eyebrow pens. Later, they grinded Dai (黛), a kind of mineral with a dark blue color, into powder and then added water to mix. There were dozens of popular eyebrow shapes during the Tang dynasty. The arched and thin eyebrow, ____42____ (resemble) a willow leaf, was trendy then as it was regarded as ____43____ symbol of elegance.
The aesthetic standards of ancient people were different from ____44____ of us now, and modern popular makeup is also different from traditional Chinese makeup, but the unchangeable ____45____ (pursue) of beauty has been around for thousands of years.
【答案】36. fewer 37. Believed 38. to color 39. whose 40. is linked
41. as 42. resembling 43. a 44. those 45. pursuit
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国古代女性使用不同化妆品和美容方法的历史及文化意义。
【36题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意:与现代相比,古代女性的化妆品种类较少。根据“Compared with the modern”可知,此处应用形容词few的比较级fewer,表示“更少的”。故填fewer。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:据信起源于春秋时期,面霜是最基本的化妆形式之一。本句谓语为was,此处为非谓语动词,作状语,believe“相信”与逻辑主语facial powder之间为被动关系,所以此处使用过去分词believed,且位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Believed。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:胭脂,一种用于给嘴唇或脸颊上色的粉末,可以追溯到商朝。color“着色”。本句谓语为can date back to,此处为非谓语动词,作状语,表示目的,所以使用动词不定式to color。故填to color。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:口红是自先秦时期以来另一种流行的美容产品,在中国古代,口红的颜色大多是红色,使女性看起来更年轻、更有活力。本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Lipstick,指物,关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语,修饰color,用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
【40题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意:中国女性一直非常注重自己的眉毛,因为他们认为这个面部特征与他们的命运息息相关。本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,link“把(物体、机器、地方等)连接起来”与主语this facial feature之间为被动关系,用一般现在时的被动语态,主语为第三人称单数,所以be动词为is。故填is linked。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意:爱美的女性首先用烧焦的柳枝作为眉笔。use sth. as sth.意为“把……用作……”,as为介词。故填as。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:柳叶眉,形似柳叶,在当时很流行,因为它被视为优雅的象征。本句谓语为was,此处为非谓语动词,作后置定语,The arched and thin eyebrow与resemble“像,类似于”之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式。故填resembling。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意:柳叶眉,形似柳叶,在当时很流行,因为它被视为优雅的象征。symbol为可数名词,此处表示泛指“一个象征”,且symbol为辅音音素开头的单词,所以使用不定冠词a。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查代词。句意:古代人的审美标准与我们现在的不同,现代流行的妆容也与中国传统妆容不同,但不变的对美的追求已经存在了几千年。此处指代前面的“aesthetic standards”,用名词性物主代词ours“我们的”。故填those。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意:古代人的审美标准与我们现在的不同,现代流行的妆容也与中国传统妆容不同,但不变的对美的追求已经存在了几千年。此处作主语,用名词pursuit“追求”。故填pursuit。
7. 25-26 浙江省北斗星盟高三一模
Quiet Voices, Lasting Legacy: Women Who Shaped Literary Heritage
Throughout history, women have crafted extraordinary literary works that capture the ____36____ (deep) of human experience. While historical records often focus on politics and wars, women’s writing offers ____37____ different perspective — one that lives in the subtle moments between major events and in the language of human relationships.
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Chinese poet Cai Wenji wrote Poem of Sorrow and Anger, bearing witness ____38____ the human cost of war. Centuries earlier, the Greek poet Sappho explored love with striking modernity. While Cai documented external scars, Sappho ____39____ (map) inner feelings — together showing two essential dimensions of women’s literary contributions.
The Song Dynasty poet Li Qingzhao found profound meaning in nature’s small changes, ____40____ (reveal) the extraordinary in ordinary life. ____41____ (similar), American poet Emily Dickinson, who wrote quietly from her home, discovered freedom in anonymity (匿名). Her work celebrates connection beyond public recognition.
The power of women‘s literature ____42____ (root) in its unwavering pursuit of emotional truth. It shows not just what happened, ____43____ how it felt to live through those times. These writers created an alternative history — not of empires, but of the human heart.
Today, this legacy is carried forward by contemporary women writers across China and the globe, ____44____ continue this foundational way of seeing and writing about the world. Their works ensure women’s voices — often quiet but deeply _____45_____ (insight) — remain essential to our cultural heritage, enriching our understanding of what connects us all.
【答案】36. depth / depths 37. a 38. to 39. mapped 40. revealing
41. Similarly 42. is rooted 43. but 44. who 45. insightful
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍中外杰出女性作家的文学成就及其作品对人类文化遗产的深远影响。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意:纵观历史,女性创作了非凡的文学作品,捕捉了人类经历的深度。此处作动词capture的宾语,且有定冠词the修饰,用deep的名词形式depth,表示“深度(情感、思想、理解等层面)”为不可数名词,也可以使用其复数depths,表示意为“(情感、苦难等的)深处、极致”。故填depth/depths。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意:虽然历史记载往往聚焦于政治与战争,但女性的作品提供了一种不同的视角——一种存在于重大事件间隙的微妙时刻与人际关系话语中的视角。此处泛指“一种不同的视角”,different是以辅音音素开头的单词,用不定冠词a。故填a。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意:东汉时期,中国女诗人蔡文姬创作了《悲愤诗》,见证了战争给人类带来的代价。此处为固定搭配bear witness to,意为“见证”,用介词to。故填to。
【39题详解】
考查动词时态。句意:蔡文姬记录的是外在的创伤,而萨福描绘的是内心的情感——二者共同展现了女性文学贡献的两个重要维度。此处为谓语动词,与前面的documented时态保持一致,描述过去发生的动作,用一般过去时,所以谓语动词为mapped。故填mapped。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:宋代女词人李清照从自然的细微变化中探寻深刻的意义,于平凡生活中发掘不凡的价值。此处为非谓语动词作状语,Li Qingzhao与reveal为主动关系,用现在分词revealing。故填revealing。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意:同样地,在家中默默创作的美国诗人艾米莉·狄金森,在匿名创作中找到了自由。此处修饰整个句子,用similar的副词形式similarly,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Similarly。
【42题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意:女性文学的力量根植于其对情感真相的执着追求。此处为固定短语be rooted in,意为“根植于”,描述客观事实用一般现在时,主语The power为第三人称单数,所以谓语动词用is rooted。故填is rooted。
【43题详解】
考查连词。句意:它不仅展现了历史事件本身,更诉说了亲历那些岁月的真切感受。此处为固定搭配not just...but...,意为“不仅……而且……”,用连词but。故填but。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:如今,这一遗产由中国及全球的当代女性作家传承下去,她们延续了这种观察和书写世界的基本方式。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为contemporary women writers,指人,在从句中作主语,用关系代词who。故填who。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意:她们的作品确保了女性的声音——往往轻柔却极具洞察力——始终是人类文化遗产的重要组成部分,丰富了我们对人类共同联结的理解。此处与quiet并列作定语,修饰voices,用insight的形容词形式insightful,意为“富有洞察力的”。故填insightful。
8. 25-26 浙江省杭州学军中学 高三上 首考适应性考试
ZheBA, or the Zhejiang Provincial City Basketball Association, is ____36____ premier grassroots sporting event initiated by Zhejiang province ____37____ (promote) nationwide fitness and tap into the potential of community-level basketball events. It ____38____ (become) a beloved platform for amateur players to showcase their skills and for local residents to embrace the joy of sports to date.
On the evening of July 6, the opening match of the 2025 ZheBA was held in Zhuji, Shaoxing, marking the official launch of the province’s ____39____ (large) grassroots basketball competition.
The Association spans all 11 cities and 90 counties across the province and ____40____ (structure) into two phases. The first phase is the“Hundred counties Battle” preliminary round (预赛) taking place in July, during ____41____ 11 county-level champion teams emerged after fierce round-robin matches. The second phase—the City Championship—is running from August 8 to February. At this stage, 22 teams, ____42____ (compose) of the 11 county champions and 11 city-level joint teams, are competing in a mixed format ____43____ the ultimate provincial title.
Using basketball as a unifying force, Zhejiang is promoting a deeper integration of mass fitness and local culture, ____44____ (inject) fresh vitality into grassroots sports development. This basketball celebration is set to ignite the sporting _____45_____ (enthusiastic) of people across the province, strengthening community bonds and fostering a healthier, more active lifestyle for all participants and spectators alike.
【答案】36. a 37. to promote 38. has become 39. largest 40. is structured
41. which 42. composed 43. for 44. injecting 45. enthusiasm
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了浙江省篮球协会(ZheBA)的创办目的和赛事结构。该赛事旨在推广全民健身,已成为草根球员展示技能和居民享受运动的平台。ZheBA分为县预赛和城市锦标赛两个阶段,旨在促进体育与文化的融合,推动基层体育发展。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意:浙BA,即浙江省城市篮球协会,是浙江省为推动全民健身、挖掘社区级篮球赛事潜力而发起的一项顶级基层体育赛事。根据句意可知,此处表示泛指“一项顶级基层体育赛事”,且premier是以辅音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:浙BA,即浙江省城市篮球协会,是浙江省为推动全民健身、挖掘社区级篮球赛事潜力而发起的一项顶级基层体育赛事。句中is为谓语动词,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语,表示“为了推动全民健身、挖掘社区级篮球赛事潜力”。故填to promote。
【38题详解】
考查动词时态。句意:迄今为止,它已成为业余选手展示技能、当地居民享受运动乐趣的热门平台。根据时间状语“to date”可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语为It,助动词用has。故填has become。
【39题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意:7月6日晚,2025年浙BA揭幕战在绍兴诸暨举行,标志着全省规模最大的基层篮球赛事正式拉开帷幕。根据句意和空前的“the province’s”可知,此处表示“全省规模最大的”,应用形容词最高级。故填largest。
【40题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意:该协会覆盖全省11个城市和90个县,分为两个阶段。structure在句中作谓语,和主语The Association之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,且句子描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语为单数,be动词用is。故填is structured。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:第一阶段是7月举行的“百县大战”预赛,经过激烈的循环赛,11支县级冠军队伍脱颖而出。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词July,先行词在从句中作介词during的宾语,指物,应用关系代词which。故填which。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:第二阶段——城市锦标赛——从8月8日持续到2月,在这个阶段,22支队伍,包括11支县级冠军队伍和11支市级联合队伍,将以混合赛制争夺最终的省级冠军。分析句子结构可知,compose在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语22 teams构成被动关系,应用过去分词作定语。故填composed。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意:第二阶段——城市锦标赛——从8月8日持续到2月,在这个阶段,22支队伍,包括11支县级冠军队伍和11支市级联合队伍,将以混合赛制争夺最终的省级冠军。根据句意可知,此处表示“为了争夺最终的省级冠军”,应用介词for表示目的。故填for。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:浙江以篮球为纽带,推动全民健身与地方文化深度融合,为基层体育发展注入新的活力。句中is promoting为谓语动词,inject在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语Zhejiang构成主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。故填injecting。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意:这场篮球盛宴将点燃全省人民的运动热情,加强社区联系,为所有参与者和观众培养更健康、更积极的生活方式。空处作ignite的宾语,应用名词enthusiasm,表示“热情”,为不可数名词。故填enthusiasm。
9. 2026届 浙江省名校协作体G12联盟 高三下 二模
The great smell of cooking beef soup and the impressive skills of noodle chefs bring many customers to Ox Lan. This popular restaurant is in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, ____56____ a traditional Chinese noodle dish has become a big hit.
The idea of opening Ox Lan started when Zhou Yan from China visited Stockholm in 2023. ____57____ Japanese ramen (拉面) and Vietnamese pho (粉) were readily available in the city, what Zhou found most surprising was that authentic Chinese noodles remained noticeably absent from the otherwise diverse food scene. Zhou saw an opportunity ____58____ (introduce) Swedes to his hometown’s special — beef noodles.
“I’ve always found ____59____ strange that American fast food is everywhere but Chinese isn’t.” Zhou said. He then learned Swedish business rules, ____60____ (hire) a good noodle chef, and opened Sweden’s first Lanzhou noodle shop.
Now 70% of customers are Swedish. They love watching chefs turn dough into noodles. People can choose the ____61____ (wide) of their noodles, from a delicate 0.5 mm to a robust 50 mm strand. “In Lanzhou, the most popular choice is erxi (二细) for its perfect balance of texture and bite,” he added. “But in Sweden, there isn’t a favorite yet. People are open to trying all seven ____62____ (option).”
“ ____63____ (date) back to 1915, this food tradition originated in Lanzhou, which is home ____64____ an estimated 2,000 to 3,000 beef noodle shops.” Zhou said proudly. He plans to open more restaurants in Spain and other countries, hoping more people in major ____65____ (Europe) cities will enjoy real Chinese fast food.
【答案】56. where 57. While / Although / Though 58. to introduce 59. it 60. hired
61. width 62. options 63. Dating 64. to 65. European
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Zhou Yan发现瑞典斯德哥尔摩缺少正宗中国面条后,抓住机会向瑞典人介绍兰州特色牛肉面并开设了面馆,还计划在更多欧洲国家开餐厅,让更多人品尝到正宗中国美食的故事。
【56题详解】考查定语从句。句意:这家受欢迎的餐厅位于瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩,传统的中国面食在这里大受欢迎。此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Stockholm,从句主系表结构完整,空处在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【57题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意:虽然这座城市里很容易买到日本拉面和越南河粉,但最让周惊讶的是,在这个原本多样化的美食场景中,正宗的中国面条明显缺失。根据“were readily available (很容易买到)”和“remained noticeably absent (明显缺失)”的对比可知,此空表示“虽然;尽管”,应用While/ Although/ Though引导让步状语从句,句首单词首字母大写。故填While/ Although/ Though。
【58题详解】考查动词不定式。句意:周看到了一个向瑞典人介绍他家乡特色牛肉面的机会。an/ the opportunity to do sth.是固定用法,意为“做某事的机会”,此处用动词不定式to introduce作后置定语修饰名词opportunity。故填to introduce。
【59题详解】考查it作形式宾语。句意:“我一直觉得很奇怪,美国快餐到处都是,但中国快餐却不是。”周说。that American fast food is everywhere but Chinese isn’t 是found的宾语,that引导的宾语从句是真正的宾语,此空应用it作形式宾语。故填it。
【60题详解】考查动词时态。句意:然后他学习了瑞典的商业规则,雇了一个好厨师,开了瑞典第一家兰州面馆。根据“learned..., and opened (学习了……开了……)”可知,此句是三个并列谓语,应统一用一般过去时。故填hired。
【61题详解】考查名词。句意:人们可以选择面条的宽度,从精致的 0.5 毫米到粗壮的 50 毫米不等。根据“the... of”可知,此空应用名词,wide的名词形式是width,意为“宽度”。故填width。
【62题详解】考查名词。句意:人们乐于尝试所有七种选择。根据“seven (七个)”可知,此空是可数名词复数,option的复数形式是options。故填options。
【63题详解】考查现在分词。句意:这种美食传统可以追溯到兰州,那里大约有2000到3000家牛肉面馆。date back to意为“追溯到”,无被动形式,用法是“sth. dates back to...”,this food tradition和date是主谓关系,故此空用现在分词dating。句首字母大写,故填Dating。
【64题详解】考查固定短语。句意:这种美食传统可以追溯到兰州,那里大约有2000到3000家牛肉面馆。be home to是固定短语,意为“是……的所在地;是……的家园”。故填to。
【65题详解】考查形容词。句意:他计划在西班牙和其他国家开更多餐厅,希望更多欧洲主要城市的人能品尝到真正的中国美食。此空修饰名词cities,应用形容词作定语,名词Europe的形容词形式是European。故填European。
10. 25-26 Z20名校联盟(浙江省名校新高考研究联盟)高三第三次学情诊断
Modern life moves faster than our minds were designed to handle. In the last twenty years, technology ____56____ (advance) ahead of human evolution. We live in a 24/7 digital world, but our brains still run on ancient “hardware” designed for ____57____(survive). This “speed gap” helps explain ____58____ we often feel overwhelmed. Our ancestors faced short bursts of stress from physical ____59____ (threat), but today we face “small alarms” all day. An angry email or a social media notification (通知) activates the same heart-racing response as a lion. Feeling ____60____ (stress) today is a natural biological reaction to a nonstop world.
We are ____61____ (constant) in this “high alert” mode for hours. This prevents the body from entering the essential “rest and digest” state needed for long-term health, ____62____ (leave) us feeling permanently “fried.” In fact, much of ____63____ mental exhaustion comes from “decision overload.” We make thousands of choices daily, which consumes the brain’s energy. To address this, experts recommend using self-exploration questions to cut through the noise, such as “Is it worth my peace of mind?” By making fewer, more ____64____ (intention) decisions, you protect your mental battery and save your precious energy ____65____ things that truly matter. By respecting your biological limits, you make the fast-paced world feel less threatening.
【答案】
56. has advanced 57. survival 58. why 59. threats 60. stressed
61. constantly 62. leaving 63. the 64. intentional 65. for
【解析】【导语】文章主要讲述了现代生活节奏远超人类大脑进化速度,导致人们长期处于高压和决策疲劳状态,并提出了通过减少决策、尊重生理极限来应对这一问题的方法。
【56题详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去二十年里,技术的发展已经超越了人类进化的速度。时间状语“In the last twenty years”是现在完成时的典型标志,表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。主语technology是单数。
【57题详解】考查名词。句意:我们生活在一个7×24小时的数字世界中,但我们的大脑仍然运行在古老的“硬件”上,这些硬件是为生存而设计的。介词for后需要接名词,survive的名词形式是survival。
【58题详解】考查宾语从句。句意:这种“速度差”有助于解释为什么我们经常感到不堪重负。explain后接宾语从句,从句意“这‘速度差’解释了为什么我们常常感到不堪重负”可知,缺少原因状语,应填连接副词why。
【59题详解】考查名词。句意:我们的祖先面临着来自身体威胁的短暂压力爆发,但今天我们却整天面对“小警报”。physical是形容词,修饰名词。threat (威胁) 是可数名词,且前面无冠词,根据句意“来自身体威胁的短期压力”,此处应用复数形式threats,指代多种威胁。
【60题详解】考查形容词。句意:如今感到有压力是对这个永不停歇的世界的一种自然的生物反应。系动词"Feeling"后需接形容词作表语,修饰人,stressed是过去分词形容词化,意为“感到有压力的”。
【61题详解】考查副词。句意:我们连续数小时处于这种“高度警戒”模式中。此处修饰介词短语in this “high alert” mode,应用副词形式。
【62题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这阻止了身体进入长期健康所必需的“休息和消化”状态,使我们感到永久性的“精疲力竭”。本句已有谓语动词prevents,因此leave需要用非谓语形式。This prevents...导致的结果是“让我们感觉永久‘精疲力竭’”,leaving引导的现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。
【63题详解】考查冠词。句意:事实上,大部分的精神疲惫来自于“决策过载”。mental exhaustion是特指上文描述的那种因持续高度警觉和决策过载导致的疲惫,因此需要定冠词the表示特指。
【64题详解】考查形容词。句意:通过做出更少、更有意图的决策,你保护了自己的精神电池,并将宝贵的精力节省下来用于真正重要的事情。more修饰形容词,intention的形容词形式是intentional。
【65题详解】考查介词。句意:通过做出更少、更有意图的决策,你保护了自己的精神电池,并将宝贵的精力节省下来用于真正重要的事情。save...for...是固定搭配,意为“为……节省……”。句意为“将你宝贵的精力节省下来,用于那些真正重要的事情。”
第02讲 语法填空 — 无提示词
无提示词类:设置3~4个小题
高频考点
介词
0~1题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词,一般不涉及短语介词。
冠词
0~1题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词,一般不涉及零冠词。
从属关联词
0~2题。侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外,名词性从句、状语从句也偶有涉及。
低频考点
并列连词
0~1题。并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。
其他
0~1题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do, does, did;构成部分倒装的do, does, did;构成一般疑问句的do, does, did),构成强调结构的it或that,连接性副词(before, ago, however, anyway ...)等。
年份
卷别
词数
有提示词
无提示词
谓语
非谓语
名词
形容词副词
代词
介词
冠词
数词
并列连词
从属连词
2026
全国I卷
230
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
全国II卷
264
1
2
2
1+1
1
1
1
浙江1月
222
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
2025
全国I卷
258
2
1
1
1+1
1
1
1
1
全国II卷
240
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
浙江1月
226
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
2024
全国I卷
243
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
全国Ⅱ卷
220
2
3
2
1
1
1
· 考点一 考查从句中的关系词
知识点1 定语从句
1.确定是定语从句
设空处跟在名词后面,且空后的句子对这个名词进行修饰限定,即表示这个名词的性质、特点等,则为定语从句。当确定为定语从句后,首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点,还是其他,然后再根据先行词在句子中所作的成分去判断用何关系词。
2.掌握三步法解题技巧
(1)分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。
①先行词的后面出现逗号,是非限制性定语从句。
②that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
③which引导非限制性定语从句,可以代表主句的全部或部分内容;代表整个主句时,which意为“这一点”。
④as引导非限制性定语从句,可置于句中或句首,意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。
(2)寻找先行词,判断属性(指人还是指物,表示时间,地点,还是原因)。
①先行词指人:that/who/whom/whose;
②先行词指物:that/which/whose;
③表示时间/地点/原因:when/where/why。
(3)判断定语从句所缺成分,确定关系词。
①缺少主语:that/which/who;
②缺少动词的宾语:that/which/who/whom;
③缺少定语:whose;
④缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。
1.that与which的区别
(1)只用which不用that的情况:
①当关系代词前面有介词或介词短语时;
②引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2)只用that不用which的情况:
①当先行词是all、everything、nothing、something、few、little、much等不定代词时;
②当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the very、the only、any、the last等修饰时;
③先行词既有人又有物时。
2.which与as
关系词
which
as
位置上
只能放在主句的后面
位置灵活,可置于句首、句中,也可置于句末
搭配上
无动词的
限制
谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,如see、hear、know、expect、remember等
意思上
意为“这一点”
表示“正如……”“正像……的那样”
只用that而不用which的情况
当先行词是all,much,little,few,everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。
There is nothing that we can do now.现在我们什么也做不了。
· 思维建模:
一、 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,介词的宾语只能用which或whom,且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon/on which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
2.“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级+of+which/whom”引导的定语从句,表示部分与整体的关系。
Many young people,most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们中的大部分都受过良好的教育。
3. 在非限制性定语从句中,whose修饰物时可以换为“the+名词+of which”;修饰人时,可以换为“the+名词+of whom”。
The newly-built café, the walls of which (=whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆,墙被刷成了浅绿色,对我们来说,真是一个安静的地方,特别是在辛苦工作后。
二、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
知识点2考查名词性从句
宾语从句
1.宾语从句的引导词
引导词
作用
连接词
that, whether, if
只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分
连接代词
what, who, whom,which,whichever,whatever, whoever
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词
when, where, how, why
在从句中作状语
①I'm writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference.我写信是想告诉你,我叔叔李明要去你的城市开会。
②We promise whoever attends the party will have a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们保证,任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那个电影明星合影。
③I don't know whether to set off for Beijing or not.我不知道是否出发去北京。
(1)that引导宾语从句时,常被省去,但下列情况下不能省略:①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个that可省略,其余的不可省略;②宾语从句前有插入语时;③that引导的从句位于句首时。
(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句,连接词表示“是否”时,只能用whether,不能用if。
2.形式宾语【高频再现】
宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后,但是,在下列情况下,须用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make+it+宾补(形容词或名词)+不定式/从句
(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy+it+从句
(3)短语动词see to/depend on/rely on+it+从句
(4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb. that+从句
Most of us young men take it for granted that parents do everything for us.我们大部分年轻人认为父母为我们做的一切是理所当然的。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.当你不在的时候,我负责把他照顾好。
3.宾语从句的时态
一般情况下,宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致,即主句是一般现在时,从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态;主句为过去的某种时态,从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时,须用一般现在时。
表语从句
1.表语从句的引导词
引导词
作用
连接词
that, whether
只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分
连接代词
what, who, whom, which,whichever, whatever,whoever
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词
when, where, how, why
在从句中作状语
The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.
对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up.
这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。
if不能引导表语从句;that引导表语从句时不能省略。
2.as if/as though引导表语从句
as if/as though意为“好像,仿佛”,引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况,从句用虚拟语气;若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况,从句用陈述语气。
The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市,好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到了它的上面。
3.其他常考的表语从句【高频再现】
(1) This/That/It is why+表语从句(表示结果)“这/那就是……的原因”
(2) This/That/It is because+表语从句(表示原因)“这/那是因为……”
(3) The reason why... is that+表语从句“……的原因是……”
主语从句
1.主语从句的引导词
引导词
作用
连接词
that, whether, if
只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分
连接代词
what, who, whom,which, whichever,whatever, whoever
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词
when, where,how, why
在从句中作状语
When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
延迟的飞机何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。
Where Professor Han was born is known to the public.韩教授出生的地方人人皆知。
What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.
影片中最打动我的是父亲对儿子深深的爱。
(1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。
That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.
从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们是亲姐妹。
(2)whether与if引导主语从句的区别:
主语从句位于主句的谓语动词前,表示“是否”,只能用whether而不能用if引导;若用it作形式主语,则if与whether可互换。
Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.
我们能否有干净的饮用水在于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。
It remains to be seen whether/if this idea can be put into practice. 这一想法能否付诸实施还有待观察。
2.形式主语【高频再现】
it作形式主语的常见句型:
(1)It+be+形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)+that从句
(2)It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)+that从句
(3)It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported等)+that从句
(4)It+不及物动词(seem, appear, happen, matter等)+that从句
It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about,although about two thousand patients have taken it.
尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药,但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。
It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。
一、名词性从句中that与what的区别:
引导名词性从句既可以用that,也可以用what。两者的区别在于that在句中不作成分,what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
二、whether与if引导主语从句的区别:
主语从句位于主句的谓语动词前,表示“是否”,只能用whether而不能用if引导;若用it作形式主语,则if与whether可互换。
Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.
我们能否有干净的饮用水在于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。
It remains to be seen whether/if this idea can be put into practice. 这一想法能否付诸实施还有待观察。
三、what & that在名词性从句中的用法:
that是从属连词,在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,也没有任何意义。而what是连接代词,在名词性从句中充当成分,通常充当主语、宾语或表语。
I believe that I will succeed if I study hard.我相信如果我努力学习我会成功的。
知识点3状语从句
一、时间状语从句
1.when引导时间状语从句,意为“正在这时”,表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时,突然发生另一动作。
Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.
汤姆正要关窗户,这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。
when还可表原因,意为“既然”。
How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me?
既然他们不听我说,我怎么帮他们理解?
2.as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……),这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一……就……”,从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming. 我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。
The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。
no sooner... than..., hardly/scarcely....when....的时态搭配:hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时,应用倒装语序。
He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
=No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.
他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。
3.before
(1) 表示“还未……就……;不到……就……;还没来得及……就……”。
The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. 小女孩还没来得及按门铃,门就突然开了,并且她的朋友冲出来问候她。
Please write it down before you forget it. 趁你现在没忘把它记下来。
(2) It will be+一段时间+before...多久之后才……。
It is+一段时间+since... 自从……多久了。
John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.
约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。
二、条件状语从句
1.通常由if, unless, as(so)long as, in case(that), once等连词引导。
Unless children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.
除非孩子们相信他们能够成功,否则他们将永远无法完全独立。
2.由on condition(that); provided(that); providing (that); supposing(that)等引导的条件状语从句。
You can go swimming on condition that you don't go too far from the river bank.
只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。
三、让步状语从句
1.让步状语从句可由although, though, as, while, even if(though), whenever, whether... or..., no matter who(when, what...)等引导。
Although regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
尽管有规律的锻炼是很重要的,但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。
However serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
不论你的问题有多严重,你都应该鼓起勇气,接受挑战。
2.while作“尽管”讲,引导让步状语从句时,往往放在句首。
While the Internet is of great help, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time on it.
尽管因特网对我们有很大的帮助,但我认为花太多的时间上网也不是一个好主意。
while也可以用来表对比转折,意为“而,却”。
At school, some students are active while some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.
在学校,有的学生很活跃而有的很腼腆,但他们能成为好朋友。
四、原因状语从句与方式状语从句
1.方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式,常由as“像……一样”,as if (though)“似乎,好像”等引导。
The house was greatly damaged by the truck. We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive.
卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。
He acted as if nothing had happened. 他表现得好像什么也没发生。
2.原因状语从句通常由because, since, as, now that, seeing(that), considering that等引导。
Now that you have grown up, you must do it by yourself. 既然你已经长大了,就必须自己做这件事。
Considering that I have told you three times, you must know it.鉴于我已经告诉你三次,你必须知道它。
五、地点状语从句
1.通常由连词where和wherever引导,从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。
The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.
这个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她妈妈。
Today, we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.
今天我们将在昨天停止的地方开始,为的是不漏掉知识点。
2.地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。
Where there's a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。
Where(ver) there's plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green. 哪里阳光雨水充足,哪里的田野就绿油油。
3.where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别
where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词,而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。
When solving the problem a second time, you'd better be more careful where you made a mistake.
=When solving the problem a second time, you'd better be more careful in the place where you made a mistake.
当你第二次解决这个问题的时候,你要在出过差错的地方更加小心。
六、目的状语从句与结果状语从句
1.目的状语从句。
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that,in order that, for fear that, in case,lest等。
(1) in order that与so that。
两个连词都意为“以便……;为了……”,引导的状语从句中需用情态动词,in order that比so that正式,引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后,而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。
I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me. 我说慢一点以便你能听懂。
In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.
为了能看到日出,我们很早就向山顶出发了。
(2) for fear that, in case与lest。
这三个从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用(should+)动词原形,它本身带有否定意义,相当于so that... not...或in order that... not...。
The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father(should) see him.
男孩躲到树后以防被父亲发现。
Take your raincoat in case/lest it (should) rain. 带着你的雨衣,以防下雨。
2.结果状语从句。
(1)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:so that, so...that..., such...that...。在非正式语体中,由so...that...和such...that...引导的句子中that可以省略,注意其结构形式:
Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.
=Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. 迈克是如此诚实的工人以至于我们都信任他。
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. 天气如此的好,我们都想去公园。
He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family. 他挣钱太少以至于无法养活家人。
(2)当so或such置于句首时,主句要用倒装语序。
So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
他是一个如此聪明的学生,以至于他能算出所有的难题。
六、状语从句的省略
在时间、条件、让步、原因等状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致,或从句主语是it,且含有动词be时,可以将从句主语和动词be动词省略。
The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult.
学校规则规定:除非有大人的陪伴,否则任何孩子白天都不允许出学校。
The problem, if not carefully dealt with, will cause a lot of damage.
这个问题,如果不小心处理,将会造成重大损失。
The dying man is moving his eyes slowly as if looking for his family.
这个奄奄一息的人慢慢地转动眼睛好像在寻找家人。
· 思维建模 如何确定状语从句
1.确定是状语从句
空处所在的句子作整个句子的状语时,应用状语从句的引导词。
2.状语从句的特殊考点要记牢
(1)连词before的意义及句型
It will be+一段时间+before ... “多久以后才……”;
It won't be+一段时间+before ... “用不了多久就……”。
(2)连词since的意义及句型
It is +一段时间+since引导的时间状语从句=It has been +一段时间+since引导的时间状语从句。
该固定句型意为“自从……以来,已经多长时间了”。
(3) whether ...or ...,疑问词+-ever,引导让步状语从句。
(4) where引导地点状语从句。
1.when, while, as
(1)when, while, as三者都可以用来引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”。
(2)在when和as引导的从句中,谓语动词既可以是延续性动词也可以是终止性动词,而在while引导的从句中,谓语动词只能是延续性动词。
(3)三者中as引导时间状语从句时,表示主从句动作同时发生或前后紧接着发生,常译为“(正当)……的时候”“随着……”“一边……一边……”等。
2.so ...that ..., such ...that ...
(1)二者都可以引导结果状语从句。so 后中心词为形容词或副词, such后中心词为名词。
(2)若中心词之前有表示数量的many、much、little、few修饰时,只能用so。
首先判断是否用连词,与定语从句要区别开来。连词连接的往往是两个完整的句子,其中一个用连词连接,是状语从句。如果其中一个句子中缺少成分,那么就是定语从句,不能用引导状语从句的连词。
状语从句省略后,只剩下不定式(to do)短语、现在分词(doing)短语和过去分词(done)短语,表示“将要做的事情”用不定式(to do)短语;表示“主动的动作”用现在分词(doing)短语;表示“被动且完成的动作”用过去分词(done)短语。
· 考点二 并列句及并列连词
1.确定填并列连词
无提示词,空前后是两个并列的主谓完整的句子、单词、短语等;而且相并列的成分之间是并列、转折、选择或因果关系,应填并列连词。
2.两个技巧要熟用
技巧1:关系分析法
分析空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系,确定用哪个连词。
(1)表示并列或递进关系的有and、both ...and ...、not only ...but (also) ...、neither ...nor ...等。
(2)表示选择关系的有or、either ...or ...、not ...but ...等。
(3)表示转折或对比关系的有but、while等。
(4)表示因果关系的有so、for等。
技巧2:句型法
(1)祈使句+and/or+陈述句,如表示顺承用and,表示转折用or。
(2)when作并列连词的常用句型:
Sb be doing sth when ...
Sb be about to do sth when ...
Sb had (just) done sth when ...
Hardly ...when ...
1.并列句与定语从句
防止并列句与定语从句混用:并列句由and、but等并列连词连接,句中已有连接词,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
①They live in a small house, in front of ___________stands an orange tree.
②They live in a small house, and in front of ___________ stands an orange tree.
【解析】两句的区别是连词and,句①逗号后为非限制性定语从句,空处为引导词,表示物,故填which;句②中and连接两个并列分句,空处指代前面分句中的a small house,故填it。
③The old man has three sons, none of ___________ is a doctor.
④The old man has three sons, but none of ___________is a doctor.
【解析】两句的区别是连词but,句③逗号后为非限制性定语从句,空处为引导词,表示人,且其前为介词of,故填whom;句④中but连接两个并列分句,空处指代前面分句中的three sons,故填them。
2.并列句与状语从句
辨清并列句与状语从句:并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”,两者之间是并列关系;而状语从句中前后两个句子,一个是主句,一个是从句,从句是用来修饰主句的。
①___________you take the medicine, you will be all right.
②Take this medicine, ___________you will be all right.
【解析】句①空处引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”,故填If;句②中两个并列分句是顺承关系,故填and。
③ ___________money is necessary for a happy life, it can't buy happiness.
④Money is necessary for a happy life, ___________it can't buy happiness.
【解析】句③空处所在句子是让步状语从句,故填Although/Though;句④空处前后是转折关系,故填but。
· 考点三 特殊句式
知识点1强调结构
1.强调句型。
(1)强调句型的基本结构为:It is/w+被强调的部分+tt/who+句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语等进行强调。
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构为:Is/Was+it+被强调的部分+that/who+句子其他部分?
He asked what it was that made him so upset. 他询问究竟是什么让他如此难过。
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子其他部分?
强调句型亦可用于宾语从句中,但注意语序要用陈述句语序。
It was not until he took off his sunglasses that I realized him. 直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他。
(4)not...until句型的强调句型结构为:It is/was not until...+that+句子其他部分。
2.强调谓语动词。
用助动词do,does或did来强调谓语动词,用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中,do还可以用于祈使句。
知识点2倒装句
1.将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首引起的部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有:never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely...when..., no sooner...than..., not only...but also..., not until, nowhere, neither...nor...等。
Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
她以前从没见过打网球和罗伯特一样好的人。
2.only+状语置于句首时,主句要进行部分倒装。
Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.
讨论这个问题数小时后他们才做出决定。
3.作状语的介词短语放于句首时引起的句子要全部倒装。有时为了强调将作状语的介词短语放在句首,而将主语放到句末;或者当句子中主语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常把作状语的介词短语置于句首。
Through the window came in the sweet music. 从窗户里飘出美妙的音乐。
4.so/such...that...结构中的so,such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。
So frightened was she that she could not say a word. 她如此害怕以至于一句话也说不出来。
Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。
5.表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。
6.as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。即as引导的让步状语从句中必须将表语、状语(形容词、副词、分词)或实义动词提前,构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词+as+主语+谓语的其他部分”的形式。 使用as进行倒装时需要注意的是:
(1)句首是单数可数名词时,名词不能带任何冠词。
Pop star as she is, she still needs to improve. 尽管她已是很受欢迎的歌手,但仍需要提高。
(2)句首是实义动词时,其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Fail as I did, I would never give up. 尽管我失败了,但我不放弃。
知识点3省略句
1.复合句中的省略。
在用as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的从句中,若谓语部分含be动词,而主语又与主句的主语一致时,从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。
All the photographs in this book, unless stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.
这本书里的相片,除非有说明,否则都是二十世纪五十年代的。
2.动词不定式符号to的省略及不定式的省略。
在主动语态中,感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时,往往将不定式符号to省略;在同一句话或同一情景对话中,当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时,通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。
3.so/not构成替代省略。
英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容,so/not多跟在I'm afraid/IpI think/II believe等开头的答句中;条件状语从句中有时也有类似的用法,如:if so/if not等。
It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. If so, we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
听起来好像汽车引擎出故障了。如果这样的话,我们最好立即把它送到汽修厂。
知识点4 there be 句型
There be 句型表示“某时间/空间存在/有……”,there本身没有词义,谓语动词be后面的名词/代词是主语。be可以有不同的时态,可以和情态动词连用。There be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, come, occur, happen to be, appear to be, seem to be , used to be等替换。
Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。
There have been many great changes in our country since then.
从那以后,我国发生了许多巨大的变化。
1.There be句型中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。
There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶中有一朵花。
There are five books on the desk. 桌上有五本书。
2.若There be句型中主语为并列结构,be的数和人称遵循就近原则。
There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一个男孩、一个女孩和两个妇女。
There are ten students and a teacher in the office. 办公室里有十个学生和一个老师。
3. there be结构的非谓语动词形式
There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。
I expect there to be no argument about this. 我希望在这方面不会有任何争论。
I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me. 我从没想过会有什么好机会。
There being nothing else to do,we went home. (there be句型的独立主格结构)
由于我们无事可做,我们就回家了。
there be句型的常考句型:
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事
There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/ with sth.做某事(没)有困难
There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能
知识点5 感叹句
1.what引导的感叹句
what引导的感叹句
示例
What+a/an+(adj.)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!
What a good heart you have! 你的心肠真好!
What+(adj.)+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语!
What interesting stories he's told us!
他给我们讲的故事真有趣!
2.how引导的感叹句
how引导的感叹句
示例
How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!
How clever the boy is! 这个男孩多么聪明啊!
How+adj.+a/an+单词名词+主语+谓语!
How clever a boy he is! 他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊!
How+主语+谓语!
How time flies! 光阴似箭!
1.针对not…until…句型进行强调,要把not一并提前,构成“It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他成分。”
2.注意用于强调句型就不能把Not until….倒装句式混用。
3.有些句子特别复杂,把强调句型和定语从句融合在一起,其句式为:It is/was+被强调部分+定语从句+that/who+其他。
4.解题时注意断句,把定语从句视为一个整体单位来理解。
5. only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时,句子(主句)采用部分倒装语序。
6. only修饰状语从句时,注意主句部分倒装,从句不倒装。
7. Not until…句型位于句首,句子采用倒装语序。注意until从句不倒装。
8. not/never/hardly….until…构成否定句式,主句谓语动词用瞬时性动词。
9. 后接名词短语时,until用作介词;后接从句时,until用作连词。
· 思维建模: 状语从句的省略
状语从句省略后,只剩下不定式(to do)短语、现在分词(doing)短语和过去分词(done)短语,表示“将要做的事情”用不定式(to do)短语;表示“主动的动作”用现在分词(doing)短语;表示“被动且完成的动作”用过去分词(done)短语。
· 考点四 考查冠词的用法
知识点1不定冠词表示泛指
1.根据语境判断不定冠词表示泛指:(常考点)
(1)不定冠词与单数名词连用,泛指一类事物或一类事物中的一个。
(2)用于某人或某物的名字前,指与其具有相同特性的人或物。
(3)在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。
(4)a用在辅音开头的单词前,an用在以元音开头单词前【不见元音不加an,不看字母看发音】
(5)用于表示价格、速度、比率、时间、重量、长度等的单位名词前,表示“每一”,相当于every,each或per。
(6)表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前有形容词修饰时,加a或an。
2. 不定冠词a/an分析句子结构,发现空后有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑用不定冠词a/an。
知识点2 定冠词表特指
①用于特指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。
When I passed the station this morning, I saw an accident.今天早晨经过车站时,我看到了一起交通事故。
②用于复述上文已经提到的人或事物。
I applied for a university in the USA. The university enjoys a good reputation.
我申请了一所美国大学,这所大学享有很好的声誉。
③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或发明创造的名词前。
The sun is much larger than the earth. 太阳比地球大的多。
④用于表示演奏的西洋乐器的名词前。
He started to play the piano at five. 他五岁开始学习弹钢琴。
【高频再现】
①用于姓氏的复数前表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。
The Smiths are watching TV now.史密斯一家正在看电视。
②用于形容词前表示一类人。
the rich, the poor, the old, the Chinese, the wounded, the injured, the disabled。
③用于序数词或形容词的最高级前面。
The first thing you should do is to think it over and over again.你首先要做的事情是再三考虑一下。
知识点3 短语中的冠词
1.高频短语中的不定冠词
不定冠词用在固定搭配中,如catch a cold、have a fever、all of a sudden、as a matter of fact、as a result、have a gift for、make a living、have/take a rest、give sb a lift、have a good knowledge of、a handful of 等。
2.高频短语中的定冠词
①定冠词用在固定搭配中,如at the same time、on the contrary、to tell the truth、in the distance、make the most/best of、in the middle of、on the spot等。
②动词(catch/take/hit等)+sb+介词+the+身体部位。
知识点4 句型中的冠词
常考的固定句型中的冠词
1.主语+be+the size/length/width/height+of+被比较的对象
Our building is twice the height of yours. 我们的大楼是你们的大楼的两倍高。
2.主语+be+the+形容词比较级+of/between...
He is the taller of the two. 他是两人之中较高的那个。
3. 主语+be+the+形容词或副词最高级
Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。
4. one of+the+形容词或副词最高级
The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China. 黄河是中国最长的河之一。
5.one... the other ...一个,另一个
知识点5 抽象名词具体化中的冠词
①抽象名词具体化,使之具有了“一”的概念。
The house is full of joy.
The little girl is a joy to her parents. (令人高兴的人或物)
Failure is the mother of success.
He is a success. (一个成功的人或物)
He gave me a lot of pleasure.
It is a pleasure to work with you. (一件令人愉快的事情)
She looked up in surprise.
What a great surprise you gave me. (一件令人惊讶的事情)
Knowledge is power.
He has a wide knowledge of animals. (一门…的知识)
He received little education/ a good education. (一种…的教育)
②某些物质名词也可以和不定冠词连用,而变成具体化的名词。例如
I like coffee.
Would you like a coffee? (一杯咖啡)
I has just had lunch.
I has just had a big lunch. (一顿丰盛的午餐)
1. 深度理解不定冠词表示泛指:泛指就是指抽象的,不具体的信息,也就是对某事物没有详细具体的信息。
2. 有定语从句修饰的名词不一定是特指,有时是泛指。
· 思维建模: 判断泛指和特指的方法
注意泛指还是特指
①如果空格后的名词或“形容词+名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。
②如果空格及后面的名词在文中第一次出现,可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”,一般填a/an;如果是前文已经提到过,可翻译成“这/那个,这/那些”,一般填the。
③如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。
1.所有学生都知道must是情态动词,意为:必须。但有些学生不知道其用作名词时,意为:一件必须要做的事。
2.此处考查抽象名词具体化。
· 考点五 考查介词的意义及用法
知识点1 介词的基本含义及用法
介词的基本含义总结
1) in表示情况、状态,意为“处在……中”;表示手段、形式、方式,意为“以,用”;表示服饰,意为“穿着,戴着”;表示范围、领域,意为“在……方面”。
2) with表示状态,意为“带有,具有”;表示手段、方法,意为“以,用”;表示关系,意为“和……在一起”;表示伴随,意为“随着”;表示原因,意为“因为,由于”。
3) by用于被动语态,意为“被,由”;表示方式,意为“用,靠,凭借”;表示乘用交通工具,意为“乘坐,驾驶”。
4) for表示方向,意为“往,向”;表示对象、用途等,意为“为,给”;表示时间、距离、数量等,意为“计,达”;表示原因,意为“因为,由于”。
5) through表示位置,意为“穿过”;表示时间,意为“在整个期间,自始至终”;表示手段、媒介,意为“以,凭借”。
6) as介词的用法:①如同,像;②作为,当作
忽略介词的核心意义(语境中介词的基本用法)
仔细分析句子结构,句子的逻辑意思即可推知常用介词的基础含义。
具体步骤如下:
第一步:观察设空处为无提示词,根据句法确定为介词。
第二步:理清句子成分,合理翻译句意,推知介词的核心意义。
第三步:根据介词的基础用法即可填写答案。
知识点2 介词短语的含义和用法
常考的介词短语
①at+名词
at a loss不知所措 at dinner在吃晚餐 at peace处于和平状态
at dawn在黎明 at war在战争中 at work在工作
②其他高频介词短语
against time 争分夺秒 at the sight of 一看到…… at the age of在……岁时
in the face of 面对;面临 in addition (to)另外;除了 in case of 万一
in charge of负责;主管 in favour of赞成;支持 in need of 需要
in no time立刻 in a hurry匆忙 in preparation for为……作准备
in return for作为回报 of help/use 有帮助的/有用的 of importance重要的 on behalf of代表
③by+名词
by accident偶然地 by chance偶然地 by force用暴力 by hand手工地
by mistake错误地 by the month按月算
④beyond+名词
beyond comparison无与伦比 beyond control失控 beyond description难以描述
beyond doubt毋庸置疑 beyond expression 难以表达 beyond (one's) reach够不到
⑤in+名词
in bed在床上;卧床 in danger处于危险中 in debt负债 in difficulty 处于困难中
in high spirits情绪高昂 in need处于困难中 in order 整齐;井然有序 in surprise 吃惊地
in trouble 在困难中 in use使用中
⑥on+名词
on a trip在旅行 on business出差 on display/show在展出 on duty在值班
on holiday/vacation在度假 on sale在出售 on strike在罢工 on the way在途中
⑦out of+名词
out of balance失去平衡 out of control失去控制 out of danger 脱离危险
out of date过期 out of order出故障 out of work失业
⑧under+名词
under consideration在考虑中 under construction在建造中 under control在控制之下
under discussion在讨论中 under pressure在压力下 under repair在修理中
under treatment在治疗中
忽略设空处前后词的搭配(固定短语错用)
观察设空处前后,如果考查固定短语中的介词,设空前一两个词中会出现相关动词。如是形容词短语中的介词,则仍需在设空前寻找线索。其后也会出现固定搭配中的若干词语。故瞻前顾后需谨慎。
具体步骤如下:
第一步:观察设空处为无提示词,根据句法功能判断为介词。
第二步:根据空格处前后有无出现含有介词的固定搭配,仔细鉴别句意。
第三步:推敲得出结论。
知识点3 介词的特殊含义及用法
介词的特殊含义
1.with的用法
① [表让步]尽管,虽然
With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱,他并不快乐。
With all his efforts, he lost the match. 虽然尽了全力,他还是输了那场比赛。
②[表伴随或附带情况]与…同时
Michelle had fallen asleep with her head against his shoulder.米歇尔睡着了,头靠在他的肩上。
I slept with the window open. 我开着窗户睡觉。
Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。
③伴着(声音或手势);带着(表情)
With a sigh, she leant back and closed her eyes.她叹了口气,身体向后倚靠,闭上了眼睛。
The front door closed with a crash behind him.前门在他身后砰的一声关上了。
2.against
①紧靠;倚
The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。
He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。
②迎着;逆着
You should fly your kite against the wind. 你应该迎着风放风筝。
We are sailing against the wind.(with the wind表示“顺风”) 我们的船正在逆风行驶。
③映衬;相映;对照【高频再现】
The red flag looks very bright against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。
The little red house looks so beautiful against the green woods.
那座红色的小屋在翠绿的森林衬托下显得很美。
3.by
①到…为止;不迟于
They had finished the work by the end of last week. 到上周末他们已完成了工作。
Maybe she has come back by now. 或许到现在为止她已经回来了。
I’ll have arrived by five o’clock this afternoon. 我最迟在今天下午5点前到这里。
【注】by后接表示过去的时间状语时,多与过去完成时连用;后接now时,多与现在完成时连用;后接表示将来的时间状语时,多与将来完成时或一般将来时连用(尤其谓语是be动词时)。
②凭;靠(后接动名词表示行为的方式或手段)
He makes a living by teaching.他以教书为生。
Lock this door by turning the key twice to the left.锁这扇门要把钥匙向左转两圈。
③表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分(by+身体部位名词或衣服名词)
Suddenly she caught him by the ear. 突然间她抓住了他的耳朵。
The policeman took the thief by the hand. 警察抓住了小偷的手。
④表升降、增减的程度(by+数量词)
The number of the students has increased by one-third.学生数量增加了三分之一。
She’s taller than her younger brother by two inches.她比她小弟高两英寸。
4.through
①由于,因为
The thought of someone suffering through a mistake of mine makes me shiver.
想到有人因为我犯的错误而吃苦头,我就不寒而栗。
②经受;经历
The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。
She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。
5.for
①支持;赞成(反义词:against)
Are you for or against the plan?你是支持还是反对这个计划?
I’m all for the young enjoying themselves. 我完全赞成年轻人多玩玩。
②就…而言;相对…来说(表示相对来说不寻常)
He’s done well for a beginner. 作为新手,他干得很好。
He is heavy for a small boy. 作为一个小男孩而言,他的身体算重的了。
The day is cool for July. 在7月里这样的日子算是凉快的了。
③对于;至于;关于
For her, books were as necessary to life as bread.对她来说,书就像面包一样,是生活必需品。
It would be excellent experience for him to travel a little.对他来说,偶尔出去旅游会是很不错的经历。
6.from
①(表示区别、比较)
He is old enough to know right from wrong. 他已长大,能够辨别是非了。
I can’t tell one twin from the other. 我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。
②(表示原因)因为,由于
He wasn't ill; he stayed in bed from laziness. 他没病,躺在床上是因懒惰之故。
He is trembling from fear. 他吓得发抖
③(表判断、观点)由(…来看),根据(…来判断)
From her looks you would say she was about twenty. 从她的模样看,你会说她约摸20岁。
The expression on his face changed from sympathy to surprise.他脸上的表情从同情变为惊讶。
在解答介词题时,应当重点关注设空处前后内容和句意。如果空格后有名词、代词或动名词,且这些词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语,那么该空大概率填介词。
介词:1.考查介词短语的具体意义。2.考查介词与其前面的动词构成的固定短语的具体含义。
· 思维建模
一、判断介词的用法
1. 时间名词前的介词:年月周前要用in,日子前面却要禁。遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏须用at,黎明用它也不错。at也用在时分前。
2. 地点和方式名词的介词:在.......里,用in;在.......上,用on;穿过.....用through/across;通过.....方式,用by;借助......工具,用with等。
3. "介词+n."搭配:by accident, in trouble, in spite of, i honour of, in search of, in vain, in turn,in return, at risk, on board, on average等
4. "vi.十介词"搭配:remind sb. of sth., rob sb. of sth., go back to/date from, exchange.for. runwwwwout of, account for, agree with 等。
5. "adj.十介词"搭配:be known as, be curious about, be proud of, be rich in, be devoted to 等。
二、判断介词的方法
(1)高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。
(2)语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格,即没有提示词,这对学生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。
(3)名词或动词-ing形式在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前一定填介词。介词可位于名词之前,如at night、on Sunday等;也可位于形容词之后,如be interested in、be good at等;还可位于不及物动词之后,如listen to、arrive at、look for等。
三、判断介词的方法
(1)与动词搭配,如: remind sb of sth“提醒某人某事”;rob sb of sth“抢劫某人某物”。
(2)与名词或代词搭配,如: by accident“偶然”;by oneself “靠自己”。
(3)与形容词搭配,如:be curious about“对……感到好奇”;be proud of “因……而自豪”。
(4)其他搭配,如:not ...until ...“直到……才……”;from ...to ...“从……到……”;between ...and ... “在……和……之间”。
· 考点六 没有提示词的代词用法
知识点1通过句式结构和“指代”内容判断是否用it
①如果指代上文提到的同一个事物,用it;
②如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况,用it;
③如果作形式主语或形式宾语,用it;
④某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句,此时需先用it作形式宾语,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语)有like、dislike、hate、appreciate、depend on、rely on、count on、see to等。
知识点2指示代词用法
1. it代指上文提到的同一人、同一物
---Where's your car? --- It's in the garage. ---你的汽车在哪儿?--- 在车库里。
Start a new file and put this letter in it. 建立一个新档案,把这封信放进去。
2. that指代上文提到的不可数名词或单数名词
The population of China is larger than that one. 中国人口比日本多。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Hainan.北京的天气比海南冷。
3. those特指上文提到的复数名词
The houses in Zhengzhou are cheaper than those in Beijing. 郑州的房屋比北京房屋便宜。
4. one泛指上文提到的可数名词,前有定语
I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了,这是一个新的。
I'd like an apple. Are you having one, too? 我想买吃苹果,你也要吗?
5. ones代替泛指的复数名词
Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
6. the one特指上文提到的单数名词
This school is the one we visited last week. 这是我上周参观的那个学校。
Our house is the one next to the school. 我家的房子就是学校旁边的那座。
7. the ones特指上文提到的复数名词
Don’t buy the expensive apples; buy the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果,买那便宜的。
知识点3 常考不定代词的含义及用法
1. 两者与三者
有些不定代词只用于表示两个人或两个事物,它们是both, either和neither;而有些不定代词则只用于指三个或三个以上的人或事物,它们是all, any, none和every。在使用时千万不要弄混了。
each既可用于两者,也可用于三者或三者以上,而every只用于三者或三者以上,所以当用于两者时,只能用each,不能用every。比如要表示“路的每一边”,我们要说成each side of the road,但不能说成every side of the road,因为“路”只有两个side。但是,如果说“广场的每一边”,我们就可以说every side of the square,因为“广场”一般都有四个side。
2. 复合不定代词
复合不定代词指的是由some, any, every, no后接thing, one, body等构成的一类代词,它们包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等。它们在句中通常只用作主语、宾语或表语,不能直接用于名词前作定语。
someone不能用于名词man前作定语,况且从意义上看,someone已经表示“某人”或“有人”,在它后面接man显然是多余的。
注意,复合不定代词虽然不能用作定语,但是它们可以定语的修饰,此时要注意将修饰它们定语放在它们后面,而不是前面。如:
There’s nothing wrong with the machine. 机器没有毛病。
句中的wrong是修饰nothing的定语,但只能说成nothing wrong,不能说成wrong nothing。
还有一点要注意,就是anyone, everyone 等只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接 of 短语,可用 any one, every one (即分开写)。
3. all, every与each
从意思上看,all表示“所有的”,every表示“每个”,each也表示“每个”,它们都可以用来概括全体,但是它们的强调重点有所不同:all主要用来整体性地考虑总体,every 是考虑总体中的所有成员(与all很接近),而each则是逐个逐个地考虑总体。
从用法上看,all和each既可以单独使用,也可以后接名词,还可后接of短语;而every 后必须接名词,既不能单独使用也不能后接 of 短语。如:
从指代数量上看,each可用于指两者或两者以上的“每个”,every只能指三者或三者以上“每个”,因此指两者时只能用 each。
· 思维建模:
一、通过句式结构和“指代”,判断是否用it
如果指代上文提到的同一个事物,则用it;如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况则用it;如果作形式主语或形式宾语,则用it;注意一些固定用法:dislike/hate/appreciate/depend on/see to...+it+从句。
二、通过分析指代意义确定替代词
1.指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词则用that,若指代复数形式用those;
2. 指代前面出现过的某类事物中的“一个”则用one,若指代复数形式用ones。
三、看清句式,理清范围,确定代词
1.两者:二者选其一用either; 二者都不选用neither; 二者都选用both;
2.三者或三者以上:三者或三者以上的任何一个用any; 三者或三者以上都不选用none; 三者或三者以上都选用all;
3.其他:若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用another;若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用the other;若表示“其余的,另外的”,在名词前用other; 若不跟名词且指代复数, 用others。
· 无提示词的语法填空重难点突破:
1.先判断从句类型--定连接词
(1)定语从句有先行词,先行词在从句中作成分,因此定语从句是缺成分的句子。
(2)名词性从句:宾语从句前有及物动词;系动词后是表语从句;主语从句充当主语,是一个句子作主语,其在谓语动词的前面,主语从句在句首时连接词不能省略。
(3)掌握常用状语从句的连接词,状语从句主要靠句子的意思来确定。
2.利用并列关系--定并列连词
3.利用句子成分和词性的位置--确定冠词、介词和代词
实战闯关·模考特训
1. 25-26 浙江杭州第二中学 5月高三 适应性检测
At dawn in Guangzhou’s tea houses, bamboo steamers rise and teacups are washed in skilled rhythm. Nothing can bring us more ____56____ (refresh) than a cup of yum cha, or morning tea. For Patrick Parsons, ____57____ Irishman, this time-honored Lingnan routine is not only a window to a different culture ____58____ he has immersed himself for more than two decades, but a deeply rooted part of everyday life.
His tea habits ____59____ (undergo) a quiet transformation over the years. In Ireland, black tea is typically served with milk and sugar. But in Guangzhou’s tea houses, Parsons has come to prefer tea ____60____ its pure form. Whether Pu’er or his favored Jin Jun Mei, he drinks it unmixed. “I’ve learned to appreciate tea’s ____61____ (origin) flavor,” he said. In his view, the lively atmosphere of Guangzhou’s tea houses ____62____ (echo) the social function of Irish pubs. Parsons observed: “People come together to meet friends, to gather with family. It feels similar.” He is also fascinated by the finer details of the tradition, such as the custom of tapping fingers on the table ____63____ (express) thanks when tea is poured. Gradually, tea has reshaped his taste and broadened his understanding of local Cantonese culture.
With tradition and times ____64____ (evolve) together, yum cha continues to adapt. Yet each morning, the routine remains: diners wash their cups, share a few steamers, ____65____ ease into the day — one sip of tea, two bites of dim sum.
【答案】56. refreshment 57. an 58. where 59. have undergone 60. in
61. original 62. echoes 63. to express 64. evolving 65. and
【解析】【导语】文章主要讲述了爱尔兰人帕特里克·帕森斯在广州的生活经历。
【56题详解】
考查名词。句意:没有什么比一杯早茶(yum cha),也就是早茶,更能让我们感到提神醒脑的了。“bring sb. sth.”为固定搭配,此处应用名词作宾语,refresh的名词形式为refreshment,意为“提神之物”,不可数。
【57题详解】
考查冠词。句意:对于爱尔兰人帕特里克·帕森斯来说,这种历史悠久的岭南传统不仅是一扇通向一种不同文化的窗口,二十多年来他一直沉浸其中,而且是他日常生活中根深蒂固的一部分。此处表示泛指“一个爱尔兰人”,且Irishman是发音以元音音素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词an。
【58题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:对于爱尔兰人帕特里克·帕森斯来说,这种历史悠久的岭南传统不仅是一扇通向一种不同文化的窗口,二十多年来他一直沉浸其中,而且是他日常生活中根深蒂固的一部分。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词是“a different culture”,在从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导。
【59题详解】
考查动词时态。句意:多年来,他的饮茶习惯经历了悄然的转变。根据时间状语“over the years”可知,此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,应用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has +过去分词”,主语“His tea habits”是复数,所以用have undergone。
【60题详解】
考查介词。句意:但在广州的茶馆里,帕森斯开始喜欢纯粹的茶。“in...form”为固定搭配,意为“以……形式”,所以此处用介词in。
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意:“我已经学会欣赏茶的原味了,”他说。此处修饰名词“flavor”,应用形容词,origin的形容词形式为original,意为“原来的,最初的”。
【62题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:在他看来,广州茶馆热闹的氛围与爱尔兰酒吧的社交功能相似。此处描述的是一般情况,应用一般现在时,主语“the lively atmosphere”是单数,所以谓语动词echo用第三人称单数形式echoes。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:他还对这一传统的一些细节着迷,比如倒茶时用手指轻敲桌子以表示感谢的习俗。此处用动词不定式to express作目的状语,表示用手指轻敲桌子的目的是表达感谢。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:随着传统与时代共同发展,早茶也在不断适应变化。此处为“with +宾语+宾语补足语”的结构,“tradition and times”与“evolve”之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词evolving作宾语补足语。
【65题详解】
考查连词。句意:然而,每天早上,惯例依旧:食客们清洗茶杯,分享几笼点心,然后轻松地开始新的一天——一口茶,两口点心。“wash their cups”“share a few steamers”与“ease into the day”是并列关系,所以用连词and连接。
2. 25-26 浙江杭州市 高三下 教学质量检测二模
Before sunrise, Beijing parks look ordinary in winter — bare trees, empty benches, a few early risers. But then, a melody begins, ____56____ (float) through the air, and suddenly the space is transformed. People gather, strangers become neighbors, ____57____ art fills the public space with possibility.
Sun Chubo, a young bamboo flute (长笛) professional from the China National Opera and Dance Drama, has moved the stage from the theater to the masses. The countless ____58____ (like) both offline and online prove that this is ____59____ means for art to burst forth with vigorous and dynamic vitality.
“In outdoor performances, I can see everyone’s expressions up close. It is much easier to intuitively (直觉地) sense whether the audience enjoys the piece I am playing and ____60____ (feel) their emotions directly,” Sun told the Global Times.
When artists move into public spaces to create and perform, art steps out from the closed environment of theaters into the more open settings of public life, making itself truly seen, ____61____ (hear), and participated in. Meanwhile, authentic audience feedback and the ____62____ (interact) atmosphere of live events often inspire artists, pushing them to reconsider ____63____ they express themselves through their work.
From the depths of a bamboo forest to city squares, the venue may change, but the connection between art and the public ____64____ (remain) constant. When performers enter more public spaces and residents pause ____65____ art, this “mutual journey” in the city’s public spaces gives art its truest warmth.
【答案】56. floating 57. and 58. likes 59. a 60. to feel / feel
61. heard 62. interactive 63. how 64. remains 65. for
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了青年竹笛演奏家孙楚泊将舞台从剧院移到公园等公共空间进行户外演出,艺术由此走出封闭剧场,与公众产生真实互动,赋予艺术最真实的温暖。
【56题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:但随后,一段旋律开始响起,在空中飘荡,空间瞬间被改变了。句中已有谓语动词 begins,此处应用非谓语动词形式。melody与float之间为逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填floating。
【57题详解】
考查连词。句意:人们聚在一起,陌生人变成邻居,艺术为公共空间注入了无限可能。此处三个分句“People gather”,“strangers become neighbors”,“art fills the public space”为并列关系,应用连词and连接最后一个分句。故填and。
【58题详解】
考查名词复数。句意:线上和线下无数的点赞证明,这是艺术迸发旺盛生命活力的一种方式。like作名词表示“点赞”,为可数名词,且被countless修饰,应用复数形式。故填likes。
【59题详解】
考查冠词。句意:线上和线下无数的点赞证明,这是艺术迸发旺盛生命活力的一种方式。means意为“方式,方法”,为可数名词,此处泛指“一种方式”,且means以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
【60题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意:孙告诉《环球时报》说:“在户外演出时,我可以近距离看到每个人的表情,直观地感受观众是否喜欢我正在演奏的曲目并直接体会他们的情绪要容易得多。”句子为固定句型“it is + adj. + to do sth.”,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式。此处与“to intuitively sense”并列,由and连接,应用动词不定式,且可以与前面“to intuitively sense”共用一个不定式符号“to”。故填to feel/feel。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:当艺术家进入公共空间进行创作和表演时,艺术走出剧场的封闭环境,进入更开放的公共生活空间,让自己真正被看见、被听见、被人们参与。分析句子结构可知,此处与“seen”和“participated in”并列,作“making”的宾语补足语。art与hear之间为被动关系,故用过去分词heard。故填heard。
【62题详解】
考查形容词。句意:同时,真实的观众反馈和现场演出的互动氛围常常激发艺术家,促使他们重新思考如何通过作品表达自己。修饰名词atmosphere应用形容词,interact的形容词形式为interactive,意为“互动的”。故填interactive。
【63题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意:同时,真实的观众反馈和现场演出的互动氛围常常激发艺术家,促使他们重新思考如何通过作品表达自己。空处引导宾语从句,作reconsider的宾语,从句中缺少方式状语,意为“如何”,应用连接副词how。故填how。
【64题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:从竹林深处到城市广场,地点可能改变,但艺术与公众之间的联系是恒常不变的。主语the connection为单数,且描述一般事实,应用一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填remains。
【65题详解】
考查介词。句意:当表演者进入更多公共空间,居民为艺术停下脚步时,城市公共空间中的这种“双向奔赴”赋予了艺术最真实的温暖。pause for意为“为……而停下”,为固定搭配。故填for。
3. Z20+名校联盟(浙江省名校新高考研究联盟)2027届高三第一次学情诊断
In the boundless expanse of Inner Mongolia thrives a unique musical tradition. At its heart is the morin khuur, or horse-headed fiddle, a two-stringed instrument ____56____ (name) after the carved horse head atop its neck.
The sound of the morin khuur is one of a kind. It can be as soft as a gentle whisper or as grand as a rolling thunderstorm. Legend has ____57____ that the instrument was crafted by a herder who grieved deeply for his beloved horse and made the fiddle in its memory. Since then, the morin khuur has remained a ____58____ (faith) companion to the Mongolian people.
What makes the morin khuur truly special, however, is its ____59____ (present) in everyday life. It blesses newlyweds at wedding ceremonies and fuels the passion of dancers and wrestlers at traditional festivals. On quiet evenings, herders play the fiddle by campfires, ____60____ (tell) tales of heroic ancestors through every single note.
____61____ urbanization and technological change, the morin khuur has never faded in charm. In 2017, the instrument ____62____ (introduce) to classrooms across Inner Mongolia, enabling urban children to stay connected with their cultural roots. Today, it is not ____63____ (common) to see the morin khuur performed in symphony halls alongside Western orchestras, which forms ____64____ cultural dialogue between East and West.
The morin khuur is far more than a musical instrument. It is the voice of a people — a voice _____65_____ carries the wind, the horses, and the vast grassland within every note. To listen to its melody is to feel the enduring heartbeat of a centuries-old grassland culture.
【答案】56. named 57. it 58. faithful 59. presence 60. telling
61. Despite 62. was introduced 63. uncommon 64. a 65. which##that
【解析】
【导语】文章主要介绍了内蒙古的马头琴这一独特的音乐传统,包括其名称由来、音色特点、在生活中的作用,以及它在现代化进程中的传承与发展。
【56题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:其核心是马头琴,一种两弦乐器,因琴颈顶端雕刻的马头而得名。句子已有谓语“is”,空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰instrument。name与instrument之间为被动关系,应用过去分词named。
【57题详解】
考查代词。句意:传说这种乐器是一位牧人因心爱的马而悲痛欲绝,为纪念它而制作的。Legend has it that...为固定句型,意为“传说……”,其中it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的that从句。
【58题详解】
考查形容词。句意:从那时起,马头琴一直是蒙古族人民忠实的伙伴。空后为名词companion,空处需填入形容词作定语。faith的形容词形式为faithful,意为“忠实的”。
【59题详解】
考查名词。句意:然而,真正让马头琴与众不同的是它在日常生活中的存在。空处需填入名词作表语,present的名词形式为presence,意为“存在”。
【60题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:在宁静的夜晚,牧民在篝火旁拉琴,通过每一个音符讲述着英雄祖先的故事。句子已有谓语“play”,空处应用非谓语动词作伴随状语,tell与主语herders之间为主动关系,应用现在分词telling。
【61题详解】
考查介词。句意:尽管城市化和技术变革,马头琴的魅力从未褪色。空后为名词短语urbanization and technological change,空处需填入介词构成让步状语。despite为介词,意为“尽管”,符合语境,在句首时首字母大写。
【62题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意:2017年,这种乐器被引入内蒙古各地的课堂,使城市儿童能够与他们的文化根源保持联系。主语instrument与introduce之间为被动关系,且时间状语In 2017表示过去,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为单数,空处填was introduced。
【63题详解】
考查形容词。句意:如今,在交响乐厅看到马头琴与西方管弦乐团同台演出已并不罕见,这形成了东西方之间的文化对话。空处应填形容词作表语,空前为is not,空处应填表示否定意义的词,构成双重否定表肯定。common的否定形式为uncommon,意为“罕见的”,符合“it is not uncommon to do sth.”这一常用句型,表示“做某事很常见、很普遍”。
【64题详解】
考查冠词。句意:如今,在交响乐厅看到马头琴与西方管弦乐团同台演出已并不罕见,这形成了东西方之间的文化对话。空后为单数可数名词dialogue,此处表示“一种文化对话”,应用不定冠词表泛指,cultural以辅音音素开头,不定冠词用a。
【65题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:它是一个民族的声音——一种用每一个音符承载着风、骏马和广袤草原的声音。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词a voice,先行词指物,关系词在从句中作主语,可用关系代词which或that引导。
4. 26-27 浙江杭州第二中学 高三年级9月开学适应性检测
Little remains of the original edition of Yongle Dadian, an encyclopedia completed in 1408 after ____56____ (authorize) by Emperor Yongle during the Ming Dynasty. From ____57____ is left of the handwritten tome(著作), it is not difficult to imagine just how impressive it was. It not only charts the emperor’s ambitions, but acts as a ____58____ (refer) work for culture and knowledge in China. Though generally referred to as ____59____ “encyclopedia”in the English-speaking world, Yongle Dadian is distinct from modern encyclopedias that provide summarized introductions. It is known as leishu (“category book”), ____60____ lengthy citations or entire works, rather than excerpts, are categorized based on themes and the pronunciation of key words. More than 600 leishu works ____61____ (write) in ancient China, the oldest of them dating to the 3rd century.
In imperial times, Yongle Dadian was meant ____62____ (read) only by emperors. In 1403, ____63____ (win) a civil war and seized the throne from his nephew, Zhu Di appointed Xie Jin, chief of the cabinet, to compile the encyclopedia ____64____ an attempt to calm intellectuals and academics. Xie handed in a draft, but the emperor was not satisfied because he thought it mainly focused on ancient classics and was not ____65____ (include) enough. Yao Guangxiao,a monk and a political adviser to Zhu Di, took over the job as editor-in-chief. For the Chinese, it embodies the brilliance and cultural resilience of Chinese civilization.
【答案】
56. being authorized 57. what 58. reference 59. an 60. where
61. were written 62. to be read 63. having won 64. in 65. inclusive
【解析】
【导语】文章介绍了明代《永乐大典》的编纂背景、体例特点及其作为中华文化瑰宝的重要价值。
【56题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:原版《永乐大典》留存下来的已经寥寥无几,这部百科全书是明代永乐皇帝授权后,于1408年编纂完成的。此处作介词宾语,authorize(授权)用动名词形式,且与其逻辑主语Yongle Dadian之间是被动关系,应用动名词的被动形式being authorized。
【57题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意:从残存的手写典籍之中,不难想象这部书当年何等恢弘壮丽。此处引导宾语从句,从句缺少主语,表示“残存的事物”,应用连接代词what引导该从句。
【58题详解】
考查名词。句意:它不仅映照帝王的抱负,也是中国文化知识的参考典籍。提示词refer(参考)在句中修饰名词work,应用名词形式reference作定语,构成名词词组reference work,意为“参考典籍”;名词作定语表类别。
【59题详解】
考查冠词。句意:尽管在英语世界中,它一般被称作一部“百科全书”,但《永乐大典》和提供摘要式介绍的现代百科全书并不一样。encyclopedia为可数名词单数,此处表示“一部百科全书”,泛指,且encyclopedia发音以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an。
【60题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:它被称为类书,在类书当中,完整引文甚至整部典籍会根据主题和关键词的读音进行分类,而不是摘录片段。此处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词为leishu,关系词将其代入在从句中作地点状语,是抽象地点,应用关系副词where引导该从句。
【61题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:中国古代有六百多部类书,最早的可以追溯到公元3世纪。提示词write(编写)是谓语动词,与主语works之间是被动关系;讲述古代的事情,应用一般过去时的被动语态;主语为复数,谓语用复数形式were written。
【62题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:在封建王朝,《永乐大典》仅供皇帝阅读。be meant to do为固定搭配,意为“目的是,理应”;且read(阅读)与其逻辑主语Yongle Dadian之间是被动关系,应用不定式的被动形式to be read,作主语补足语。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:1403年,朱棣打赢内战,从侄子手中夺取皇位之后,任命内阁首辅解缙编纂这部典籍,以此安抚文人学士。此处作时间状语,win(赢得)用非谓语形式,与其逻辑主语Zhu Di之间是主动关系,且动作发生在seized之前,应用现在分词的完成式having won表主动和完成。
【64题详解】
考查介词。句意:1403年,朱棣打赢内战,从侄子手中夺取皇位之后,任命内阁首辅解缙编纂这部典籍,以此安抚文人学士。in an attempt to do为固定搭配,意为“试图,力求”。
【65题详解】
考查形容词。句意:解缙上交了初稿,但是皇帝并不满意,认为它主要聚焦古代经典,内容不够包罗万象。系动词was后用形容词作表语,提示词include(包括)的形容词形式是inclusive,意为“包罗广泛的,内容全面的”。
5. 26-27 浙江省杭州第二中学 高三上 10月月考英语试题
For Spanish scholar Ana Maria, traditional Chinese poetry is more than literature — it is a bond connecting two distant civilizations through ___36___ (share) feelings and lasting charm.
Her work, River Echo: Selected Classical Chinese Poems, ___37___(publish) in 2024 and quickly won several important awards. It collects masterpieces by ___38___(literature) masters including Tao Yuanming, Du Fu, Li Bai, and Su Shi, spanning from the Tang Dynasty (618–907) to the Qing Dynasty (1636–1912).
“Translating ancient Chinese poems into modern Spanish was a huge challenge, because Spanish literature is ___39___(relative) short-lived, while Chinese poetry has thousands of years of growth, with rich styles and many distinguished poets,” Ana Maria says.___40___(link) different cultures, she carefully keeps the emotion and rhythm of the originals while mixing them with the beauty of Spanish poetry, creating a warm dialogue that bridges cultures. She also adds notes to explain historical events and ___41___ (poet) lives.
For Ana Maria, translation is not only about words but about passing on thoughts and feelings across languages. In this task, she tries to show the heart of the original work, whether it is a poem ___42___ a thinker’s ideas. Therefore, when the translation reaches readers, it gains new life, ___43___(present) Chinese culture from her special view.
Ana Maria hopes her work will help local people better understand Chinese culture, just as she said — Poetry is ___44___ a stream that crosses mountains and rivers and flows into ____45____ heart of a foreign land.
【答案】36. shared 37. was published 38. literary 39. relatively 40. To link
41. poets’ 42. or 43. presenting 44. like 45. the
【解析】【导语】文章介绍西班牙学者安娜·玛丽亚翻译中国古典诗集《 River Echo: Selected Classical Chinese Poems》,讲述她翻译中国古诗的理念与文化传播意义。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意:对于西班牙学者安娜·玛丽亚来说,中国传统诗歌不仅仅是文学作品——它是一条纽带,通过共通的情感和持久的魅力连接两种遥远的文明。空格修饰名词feelings,括号内share为动词,变为形容词shared,意为“共有的,共享的”,作定语修饰feelings。
【37题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意:她的作品《River Echo: Selected Classical Chinese Poems》于2024年出版,并迅速斩获多项重要奖项。主语Her work与publish之间是被动关系;时间状语in 2024表示过去时间,用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为单数,所以用was published。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意:这本书收录了陶渊明、杜甫、李白、苏轼等文学大师的经典作品,时间跨度从唐朝(618–907)到清朝(1636–1912)。空格修饰名词masters,括号内literature是名词,变为形容词literary,意为“文学的”,作定语。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意:“把中国古诗翻译成现代西班牙语是一项巨大的挑战,因为西班牙文学历史相对较短,而中国诗歌历经数千年发展,风格丰富,名家辈出。”安娜·玛丽亚说道。空格修饰形容词short-lived,括号内relative为形容词,变为副词relatively,意为“相对地”。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:为了连接不同的文化,她精心保留原作的情感与韵律,同时融入西班牙诗歌之美,创造出温暖的跨文化对话。此处作目的状语,表示“为了连接不同文化”,用动词不定式To link。
【41题详解】
考查名词所有格。句意:她还添加注释,解读历史事件以及诗人们的生平。此处修饰名词lives,poet是可数名词,指多位诗人,先变复数poets,再用所有格poets’表示“诗人们的”。
【42题详解】
考查连词。句意:在这项工作中,她努力展现原作的内核,无论是一首诗歌还是一位思想家的观点。固定搭配whether...or...意为“无论是……还是……”。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:因此,当译本抵达读者手中时,它获得了新生,以她独特的视角展现中国文化。present和逻辑主语it(the translation)之间是主动关系,用现在分词presenting作结果状语。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意:安娜·玛丽亚希望她的作品能帮助当地人更好地理解中国文化,正如她所说——诗歌就像一条溪流,翻山越岭,流入异国的内心。此处like是介词,意为“像”,用来打比方。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意:安娜·玛丽亚希望她的作品能帮助当地人更好地理解中国文化,正如她所说——诗歌就像一条溪流,翻山越岭,流入异国的内心。固定结构the heart of...,of短语限定heart,表示特指,用定冠词the。
6. 26-27 安徽华师联盟 高三上 9月份开学质量检测
During the May Day holiday, wellness tourism gained popularity ____56____ a fresh alternative to traditional travel options like cross-border trips and city sightseeing.
Li Yanling from Beijing ____57____(choose) the Fengcheng health and wellness demonstration zone in Jincheng for a relaxing getaway. “Popular tourist spots are usually overcrowded, ____58____(leave) us exhausted. This time, we wanted a trip that rejuvenates (使年轻)both body and mind,” he said.
Wellness tourism combines medical services, healthcare and leisure activities. ____59____(fuel) by China’s aging population, policy support and people’s rising health awareness,____60____ industry is expanding rapidly. The 60-square-kilometre Fengcheng zone, with high-end resorts and forest retreats (疗养所), has attracted hundreds of thousands of visitors. Jincheng is exploring the “tourism plus wellness” model. New ____61____(trend) like TCM (中医)tourism and meditation retreats are rising. The Wolong Bay resort mixes wellness with TCM, holding lectures ____62____(enrich) visitors’ experiences.
Other places also catch the trend. Bama County in Guangxi, ____63____ is known as a “longevity haven (长寿之乡)”, and Mogan Mountain in Zhejiang with ____64____(it) homestays have developed rural wellness tourism.
Though middle-aged and elderly visitors are the main market, more young people are taking part. “This slow-paced wellness holiday was so refreshing, and we’ll ____65____(definite) take more trips like this,” Li Yanling said.
【答案】56. as 57. chose 58. leaving 59. Fuelled##Fueled 60. the
61. trends 62. to enrich 63. which 64. its 65. definitely
【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍五一假期康养旅游成为新型出游选择,阐述了康养旅游的发展动因、各地发展模式以及受众群体的变化。
【56题详解】
考查介词。句意:五一假期期间,康养旅游作为跨境旅行、城市观光等传统旅游方式的全新替代选择,广受青睐。根据句意可知,此处表示“作为一种新选择”,介词as有“作为”的含义。
【57题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意:来自北京的李艳玲(音译)选择了晋城凤城康养示范区进行一次放松的短途旅行。此处为本句谓语动词,根据全文讲述五一假期的过往经历可知,时态为一般过去时,choose的过去式为chose。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:热门旅游景点通常人满为患,让我们身心俱疲。本句已有谓语动词are,此处为非谓语动词作结果状语,空前整件事是leave的逻辑主语,二者为主动关系,需用现在分词形式。
【59题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:受中国人口老龄化、政策支持以及民众健康意识不断提升的推动,该行业正在快速发展。本句已有谓语动词is expanding,此处为非谓语动词作状语,主语the industry与fuel为被动关系,需用过去分词形式,句首首字母大写。
【60题详解】
考查冠词。句意:受中国人口老龄化、政策支持以及民众健康意识不断提升的推动,该行业正在快速发展。此处特指前文提到的康养旅游行业,需用定冠词the修饰限定industry。
【61题详解】
考查名词复数。句意:中医旅游、静修疗养等新趋势正在兴起。trend为可数名词$