Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 跨文化交流（单元阅读精练）英语新教材鲁教版（五四学制）八年级上册

Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 跨文化交流 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 约 240 本文介绍去日本友人家里做客的各项礼仪禁忌，包含脱鞋、鞠躬、送礼、餐桌筷子礼仪等内容，帮助读者了解日本待客文化。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 约 220 介绍中国是礼仪之邦，讲述中国人待客的习惯，泡茶、准备丰盛饭菜、热情招待客人，体现中国人好客的传统文化。 实战演练 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 约 250 介绍出国旅行时不同国家的社交礼仪差异，包括握手、肢体接触、个人空间、用餐、拜访礼仪，引导读者入乡随俗。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 约 230 介绍中外送礼、收礼习俗差异，列举各国送礼禁忌，告诉我们了解风俗能够避免尴尬和误会。 Passage3 完形填空 记叙文 约 260 讲述作者在澳大利亚误解 “bring a plate” 习俗，带空盘子赴宴的趣事，从中了解当地聚餐文化，懂得尊重文化差异。 Passage4 完形填空 说明文 约 220 介绍中国传统餐桌礼仪，包括邀请客人、尊老、筷子使用规范、餐后剔牙的注意事项，展现中式餐桌文化。 Passage5 选词填空 说明文 约 200 通过笔友来信，对比介绍西方餐桌礼仪，包含刀叉使用、用餐禁忌，让读者感受不同国家餐桌文化的区别。 Passage6 选词填空 记叙文 约 210 讲述作者第一次拜访中国朋友，在吃饭的过程中学习中式餐桌礼仪的经历，明白礼仪可以向主人表达尊重。 Passage7 语法填空 说明文 约 190 介绍当今世界中外文化交融的现状，讲述文化交流带来的好处，倡导尊重不同文化、互相学习，共同发展。 Passage8 语法填空 说明文 约 200 介绍中国、南非、印度三个国家送礼的习俗与禁忌，说明送礼是一门学问，需要具备文化意识。 Passage9 阅读表达 应用文（书信） 约 230 Nancy 写信向 Diana 分享法国派对社交礼仪，从到场时间、伴手礼、着装、聊天话题、语言使用五个方面给出建议。 Passage1 When you visit a Japanese friend’s home for the first time, there are many special rules you need to follow—small mistakes might make others feel uncomfortable. First, you must take off your shoes at the entrance. Japanese people believe shoes carry dirt from outside, so wearing them indoors is seen as rude. You should put your shoes in the shoe rack (鞋架) neatly, with the toes facing the door (it’s easier to put them on when you leave). Second, bowing is more than just a greeting. The degree of the bow shows different levels of respect: a 15-degree bow is for saying “hello” or “thank you” to friends; a 30-degree bow is used when you meet elders or apologize; a deep 45-degree bow is only for serious situations like saying “I’m truly sorry”. Third, gift-giving has strict taboos (禁忌). You should never bring gifts in sets of four—because the Japanese word for “four” sounds the same as the word for “death”. Also, gifts should be wrapped (包装) nicely, but avoid white wrapping paper (it’s connected to funerals (葬礼)). Common gifts include tea, cookies, or small plants. At dinner, wait for the host to say “itadakimasu” (which means “I will receive this food”) before you start eating. Never stick your chopsticks upright (直立的) in the rice—this looks like the incense sticks (香烛) used at funerals, which is a serious taboo. If you need to put chopsticks down, place them on the chopstick rest, not on the table. 【翻译】 当你第一次去日本朋友家里做客时，有许多特别的规矩需要遵守 —— 小小的失误就可能让别人感到不适。 首先，你必须在门口脱鞋。日本人认为鞋子会带进外面的尘土，所以在室内穿鞋被视作不礼貌。你要把鞋子整齐摆放在鞋架上，鞋头朝向门口（这样离开时方便穿上）。 其次，鞠躬不仅仅是一种问候方式。鞠躬的幅度代表不同程度的敬意：15 度鞠躬用于向朋友问好或道谢；30 度鞠躬用于拜见长辈或者道歉；45 度深鞠躬只用于郑重场合，比如表达诚挚的歉意。 第三，赠送礼物有严格禁忌。不要送数量为四件的礼物，因为日语里 “四” 的读音和 “死” 相同。礼物要精美包装，但不要用白色包装纸（白色和葬礼相关）。合适的礼物一般有茶叶、饼干或者小型盆栽。 用餐时，要等主人说 “いただきます（我开动了）” 之后再开始吃饭。千万别把筷子直直插在米饭里 —— 这个样子和葬礼上的香烛很像，是很忌讳的事情。如果需要放下筷子，放在筷架上，不要直接放在桌面上。 【长难句分析】 1. The degree of the bow shows different levels of respect: a 15-degree bow is for saying “hello” or “thank you” to friends; a 30-degree bow is used when you meet elders or apologize; a deep 45-degree bow is only for serious situations like saying “I’m truly sorry”. ✅ 结构：主句 + 三个并列分句，when 引导时间状语从句 翻译：鞠躬的幅度代表不同程度的敬意：15 度鞠躬用于向朋友问好或道谢；30 度鞠躬用于拜见长辈或者道歉；45 度深鞠躬只用于郑重场合，比如表达诚挚的歉意。 2. Never stick your chopsticks upright in the rice—this looks like the incense sticks used at funerals, which is a serious taboo. ✅ 结构：破折号解释说明，which 引导非限制性定语从句 翻译：千万别把筷子直直插在米饭里 —— 这个样子和葬礼上的香烛很像，是很忌讳的事情。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. entrance n. 入口，门口 2. neatly adv. 整齐地 3. bow v./n. 鞠躬 4. degree n. 程度；幅度 5. respect n. 尊重 6. elder n. 长辈 7. apologize v. 道歉 8. taboo n. 禁忌 9. wrap v. 包装 10. funeral n. 葬礼 11. host n. 主人，东道主 12. stick v. 插入，粘贴 13. upright adv. 直立地 14. incense n. 香 15. chopstick n. 筷子 16. rest n. 托架，支架 Passage2 ①China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪). Chinese people are among the most hospitable (好客的) people in the world. If foreigners visit a Chinese family, they would be surprised at the warmth that they would receive as guests. ②When you visit a Chinese family, the host usually makes tea for you. Then he will serve you snacks like biscuits or candy. Someone in the family will also chat with you, never letting you feel lonely. ③At the same time, other family members will prepare a meal for you. Chinese people treat their guests to a big meal. They always present more food than the guests can eat. And the guests must be the first to eat. Perhaps one of the things that surprise Western guests most is that the Chinese hosts like to pick up food for visitors, which won’t happen at Western tables. The Chinese family go out of their way to make you feel at home. As you finish eating, the host usually says, “It seems that you didn’t eat much. Please have more.” although you tell them you are full, they still put more food in your bowl. ④Being warm and hospitable has long been an important part of Chinese culture and tradition. As Confucius (孔子) said thousands of years ago, “To meet friends from afar, how happy we are!” 【翻译】 ① 中国是礼仪之邦。中国人是世界上最好客的人群之一。如果外国人到访中国家庭，他们会为作为客人所感受到的热情而惊讶。 ② 当你拜访中国家庭时，主人通常会为你泡茶，然后端上饼干、糖果之类的点心。家里会有人陪你聊天，不让你感到孤单。 ③ 与此同时，其他家人会为你准备饭菜。中国人会用丰盛的饭菜招待客人，准备的食物总是多于客人能吃完的量，而且要让客人先动筷。或许最让西方客人吃惊的一件事是：中国主人喜欢给客人夹菜，这在西方餐桌上是不会出现的。中国家庭会竭尽全力，让你有宾至如归的感觉。当你吃完，主人常会说：“好像你没吃多少，再多吃点吧。” 即便你说已经饱了，他们还是会往你的碗里添菜。 ④ 热情好客，长久以来都是中华文化与传统的重要组成部分。正如几千年前孔子所言：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎！” Passage 1 （25-26八年级下·云南楚雄·期末）Many people love traveling to different countries, but if you plan to go abroad, you should know how to behave in different situations around the world. It’s great to meet new people during a trip, but sometimes you can be impolite without saying anything. In Russia, you should never shake hands in a doorway, and if you’re traveling in Thailand, never touch people’s heads or point your feet at people. In most countries in Europe, people expect a lot of eye contact (接触) when you talk to them, but in many Asian countries a lot of eye contact seems unfriendly. And in South America, people usually stand quite close to each other when they talk, but in countries like the USA you need to give people more personal space. Also, it’s impolite to interrupt Japanese people while they are talking to you. You must wait until they finish talking before you start speaking. When you eat in China, it’s impolite to talk with your mouth full. Remember to eat with your right hand in India. Also avoid leaving empty bottles on the dinner table in Russia—that’s bad luck. When you’re traveling in some Asian countries, if someone invites you to his or her home, don’t forget to take off your shoes when you arrive. And if you visit an Arab family’s home, don’t admire anything valuable because your host will feel he should give it to you as a gift. 1．What is considered impolite in the USA? A．Shaking hands with others in the doorway. B．Standing too close to someone when talking. C．Wearing shoes when visiting a friend’s home. D．Having eye contact when talking with someone. 2．What does the underlined word “interrupt” probably mean? A．Follow. B．Help. C．Touch. D．Stop. 3．What does the writer want to tell us? A．It’s never too late to learn. B．There’s no place like home. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 4．Which of the following is the best structure of the passage?( Paragraph 1=①, Paragraph 2=②,…) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Cultural Differences B．Body Language C．Public Rules D．Traveling Plans Passage 2 （25-26八年级下·吉林·期末）Giving gifts is a common way to show kindness, respect and care. It also helps us to improve relationships with others. However, if you don’t know the customs, you will make some mistakes. In China, when we choose gifts, we should avoid many things. For example, we never choose clocks as gifts because the word “clock” sounds like “zhong” in Chinese, which means death. Giving shoes is also a bad idea because in Chinese shoes sound like “xie”, which means something bad or unlucky. Things are similar in Western countries. They never choose handkerchiefs (手帕), because people use them to wipe tears. They mean sadness. Also, sharp objects like knives or scissors are not good choices, as they mean cutting off the relationship. Knowing these can help us avoid embarrassment. What’s more, when receiving gifts, Chinese people may refuse a gift two or three times before accepting it to show politeness. Also, they usually do not open a gift in front of the giver. They do it after the giver leaves. However, Western people like Americans or Englishmen open gifts at once in front of the giver to show respect and politeness. And refusing a gift is considered impolite in the West. All in all, knowing the customs well is of great importance. The more you know about them, the fewer embarrassments and misunderstandings (误解) you will have. So next time you want to give a gift to others, don’t forget what you have read today. Hope it can help you. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1．Why don’t Chinese people give clocks as gifts? A．Clocks are too expensive. B．The word sounds like “death” in Chinese. C．Clocks are not beautiful. D．The clock means something bad or unlucky. 2．What do Western people NOT choose as gifts? A．Clocks. B．Books. C．Handkerchiefs. D．Flowers. 3．Knives and scissors are bad gifts because they mean ________. A．happiness B．cutting off the relationship C．good luck D．helping us avoid embarrassment 4．What do Chinese people usually do when receiving gifts? A．They open the gift right away. B．They refuse it many times first. C．They never accept gifts. D．They open the gift after the giver leaves. 5．Which is TRUE according to the passage? A．Knowing the customs well is very important for us. B．Western people often open gifts after guests leave. C．Refusing a gift is considered polite in the West. D．In Western countries, handkerchiefs mean happiness. Passage 3 （25-26八年级下·辽宁锦州·期末）阅读短文，理解其大意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Ann was my first close friend after I moved to Australia last year. We first met in the small park at the end of our quiet street when we both took our pet dogs out to 1 . We chatted warmly as our dogs ran and played together on the green grass. We shared lots of little stories every time we met, and we soon became really good 2 within just a few weeks. One afternoon when we walked our dogs as usual, Ann asked whether I had free time this coming Saturday. She wanted to invite me to join a small dinner 3 at her house with several neighbors. I looked through my daily plan and told her I was totally available. We continued our walk and talked happily about the coming dinner. Right before we parted, Ann told me to bring a plate with me when I visited her home. I felt quite 4 and wondered why she needed an empty plate, yet I didn’t 5 to her about my question. On Saturday morning, I picked a nice decorated plate and took it to Ann’s house. As soon as she opened the door and saw the empty plate in my hands, she laughed 6 . She invited me inside and patiently told me that “bring a plate” is a local custom here. It actually means bringing some homemade food to 7 with everyone instead of just an empty plate. I didn’t realize this cultural 8 before. Later I 9 lots of tasty dishes from other guests and had great fun. This funny experience taught me an important 10 about different cultural customs. I will keep this warm memory in my heart forever. 1．A．jump B．walk C．sleep D．swim 2．A．guests B．classmates    C．friends     D．relatives 3．A．party B．exam C．concert D．competition 4．A．familiar B．embarrassed C．excited D．confused 5．A．give up B．speak up C．fix up D．clean up 6．A．loudly B．correctly C．secretly D．slowly 7．A．fight B．argue C．share D．compare 8．A．effect B．difference C．background D．value 9．A．brought B．returned C．provided D．tasted 10．A．problem B．worth C．lesson D．sign Passage 4 （25-26八年级下·广东揭阳·期末）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。 China pays great attention to manners, especially when it comes to food. In China, it’s common to 1 a friend or a business partner to have dinner together in a restaurant. At table, it’s polite to let the guests 2 the menu and choose what they’d like to eat first. Filial piety (孝顺) also plays an important part in Chinese culture. When eating with elderly people, it’s good manners to 3 food to them. If a dish is very 4 , we should let the elders have more of it. There is something about the use of 5 . One of the most impolite things that we should never do is to stick our chopsticks into a bowl of rice. It’s also 6 to point our chopsticks at other people. 7 , noisy eating is impolite behaviour in China. And many Chinese people like to use toothpicks (牙签) to clean their teeth after they finish the 8 . But always remember to cover our 9 with a hand while doing so. What’s more, it’s impolite to 10 a toothpick between our lips (嘴唇) when talking to someone. It’s rude behaviour. 1．A．make B．order C．invite D．compare 2．A．think of B．go through C．look after D．search for 3．A．cook B．lift C．collect D．pass 4．A．cheap B．simple C．common D．delicious 5．A．spoons B．chopsticks C．bowls D．forks 6．A．important B．impatient C．improper D．impossible 7．A．Traditionally B．Suddenly C．Luckily D．Sincerely 8．A．meal B．trip C．job D．lesson 9．A．heads B．mouths C．noses D．eyes 10．A．move B．open C．leave D．paint Passage 5 （25-26八年级下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）从方框中选择适当的词填空，使短文意思完整，每词限用一次。 special  confusing  forks   excited   well  elbows  blouse  manners  proper  if Last week, I heard from my pen pal Lisa who lives in another country. I was so 1 to receive her letter. She told me about the table manners there, which are quite different from ours. In her country, people use 2 and knives instead of chopsticks. It is embarrassing 3 you make noise while eating. Also, you should keep your 4 off the table. The serving chopsticks are used to get food from shared dishes, and it’s 5 to wait for the host to start eating. Lisa said she had to get used to these cultural customs. At first, she found some rules 6 , but now she follows them 7 . She even mentioned an occasion where she wore a beautiful 8 to a dinner party. She asked me whether there are any 9 table manners in my country. I told her that in China, we value (重视) good 10 too, like sitting up straight when eating. It’s so interesting to learn about different customs around the world! Passage 6 （25-26八年级下·陕西榆林·期末）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。） custom   quiet   show   people   he   great   should   one   thank   be Do you know anything about Chinese table manners? Last month, I visited my Chinese friend Xiao Wei for the 1 time. Before dinner, he gave me some advice. He said, “Don’t stick your chopsticks into a bowl of rice. In Chinese 2 eyes, it’s very rude.” I thought that was surprising because in my country we don’t have that custom. When we sat down at the table, I felt a little confused. There 3 many shared dishes in the middle. Xiao Wei told me, “You 4 use the serving chopsticks to take food from the shared dishes.” I tried my best to follow 5 words. During the meal, I wanted to reach for a dish that was far away. Xiao Wei 6 said, “Don’t stand up to reach for food. Just ask someone to pass it to you.” So I did as he said. After dinner, I 7 Xiao Wei’s parents and said that everything was delicious. They were very happy. Xiao Wei told me, “You did a 8 job as a guest.” I learned that good table manners are very important. They help us to 9 respect to the host. Now I am more confident when I eat with Chinese friends. I will keep learning about different 10 in the future! Passage 7 （25-26八年级下·吉林长春·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In today’s world, Chinese and foreign cultures mix more and more closely. China has a long history and rich traditions. These provide 1 good environment for cultural exchange. Chinese culture 2 (influence) the world in many ways since long ago. Ancient Chinese useful things, well-known food and kung fu bring fast 3 (develop) to different cultures. For example, Chinese tea culture has reached many countries, becoming a symbol of peace and relaxation. At the same time, Western music and art have also become popular in China. They mix with traditional Chinese styles. It is a good way 4 (create) something new and exciting. This cultural exchange makes life 5 (color) than before. It also helps people understand each other 6 (clear). Still, it is not 7 (common) for people to worry about protecting their own culture. However, we should treat different cultures with respect. We bravely work together with other cultures, share our traditions and learn 8 others. In short, cultural mixing is not about losing who we are but about 9 (grow) together. 10 we share different cultures with one another, we can build a more connected and warmer world. This is the beauty of cultural mixing. It brings people closer and enriches everyone’s lives. Passage 8 （25-26八年级下·浙江杭州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Giving and receiving gifts play an important role in building relationships. However, what you think is a thoughtful present might be completely improper somewhere else! Let’s explore gift-giving traditions from different corners of the world. In China, 1 (you) choice of gifts can either make or break a relationship. Remember 2 (avoid) anything with the number four. It’s connected with death because “four” sounds similar to the word for “death” in Chinese. But Chinese people consider eight as a 3 (luck) number and it means wealth. You can choose something like tea as 4 gift. When it comes to wrapping (包装) , red and gold are your 5 (good) choices of all! In South Africa, gift-giving isn’t as formal 6 in other parts of the world, but it’s still a meaningful practice. A thoughtful gift like a bottle of wine, chocolates, or flowers works great. Don’t forget to give and receive gifts with both 7 (hand) — it’s a sign of respect and thanks. In India, sweets are a 8 (real) popular choice, especially during festivals like Diwali or Holi. But don’t wrap your gift in black or white paper 9 these colors are unlucky in their eyes. Instead, go for bright colors like red, gold, or yellow. Have you ever 10 (give) any special gifts to others? Gift-giving is truly an art. It needs a little thought, effort, and cultural awareness. Understanding the “why” behind each tradition is what makes the experience so meaningful. Passage 9 （25-26八年级下·山东菏泽·期末）阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。 Hi Diana, It’s so great to hear from you. Life in Paris is pretty good! I was a little lonely at first, but I’m starting to make some friends. They helped me to learn more about the customs here after I had some embarrassing experiences at a party last month. I’d like to share some tips with you. First, you shouldn’t arrive early to a party. It’s normal to be on time or a few minutes late, but arriving early can cause problems. Once, I arrived 10 minutes early to a party. Usually that’s the polite thing to do, right? But my friend looked so surprised to see me! He was still getting everything ready. Second, it’s important to bring a gift when you visit someone. When I attended my friend’s party, I didn’t bring anything. It wasn’t his birthday, but everyone else brought gifts like chocolates or flowers to thank him for the party. I was so embarrassed! Third, you should always try to dress for the occasion. At that party, it was surprising to see how nicely everyone was dressed. It was summer, so I was just wearing a simple blouse and shorts. But everyone else was dressed so well that I felt silly. Fourth, it’s best not to ask personal questions unless you know the person quite well. Many French people are quite private. They don’t like it when others ask them about their age, their family, whether they are married or how much money they make. Food and culture, however, are safe conversation topics. Last but not least, make sure you use French whenever you can. Lots of people speak English here, but you can develop closer relationships with them if you use French. It’s very important in their culture. I found that even a simple “merci” goes a long way! You’ll see what I mean as soon as you get here! Au revoir Nancy 1．What does Nancy mainly talk about in the letter? 2．What is the safe conversation topic in France? 3．How many suggestions does Nancy give? 4．How can you develop a closer relationship with a person in France? 5．What do you think of the customs in Paris? And which one do you like best? 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 跨文化交流 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 约 240 本文介绍去日本友人家里做客的各项礼仪禁忌，包含脱鞋、鞠躬、送礼、餐桌筷子礼仪等内容，帮助读者了解日本待客文化。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 约 220 介绍中国是礼仪之邦，讲述中国人待客的习惯，泡茶、准备丰盛饭菜、热情招待客人，体现中国人好客的传统文化。 实战演练 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 约 250 介绍出国旅行时不同国家的社交礼仪差异，包括握手、肢体接触、个人空间、用餐、拜访礼仪，引导读者入乡随俗。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 约 230 介绍中外送礼、收礼习俗差异，列举各国送礼禁忌，告诉我们了解风俗能够避免尴尬和误会。 Passage3 完形填空 记叙文 约 260 讲述作者在澳大利亚误解 “bring a plate” 习俗，带空盘子赴宴的趣事，从中了解当地聚餐文化，懂得尊重文化差异。 Passage4 完形填空 说明文 约 220 介绍中国传统餐桌礼仪，包括邀请客人、尊老、筷子使用规范、餐后剔牙的注意事项，展现中式餐桌文化。 Passage5 选词填空 说明文 约 200 通过笔友来信，对比介绍西方餐桌礼仪，包含刀叉使用、用餐禁忌，让读者感受不同国家餐桌文化的区别。 Passage6 选词填空 记叙文 约 210 讲述作者第一次拜访中国朋友，在吃饭的过程中学习中式餐桌礼仪的经历，明白礼仪可以向主人表达尊重。 Passage7 语法填空 说明文 约 190 介绍当今世界中外文化交融的现状，讲述文化交流带来的好处，倡导尊重不同文化、互相学习，共同发展。 Passage8 语法填空 说明文 约 200 介绍中国、南非、印度三个国家送礼的习俗与禁忌，说明送礼是一门学问，需要具备文化意识。 Passage9 阅读表达 应用文（书信） 约 230 Nancy 写信向 Diana 分享法国派对社交礼仪，从到场时间、伴手礼、着装、聊天话题、语言使用五个方面给出建议。 Passage1 When you visit a Japanese friend’s home for the first time, there are many special rules you need to follow—small mistakes might make others feel uncomfortable. First, you must take off your shoes at the entrance. Japanese people believe shoes carry dirt from outside, so wearing them indoors is seen as rude. You should put your shoes in the shoe rack (鞋架) neatly, with the toes facing the door (it’s easier to put them on when you leave). Second, bowing is more than just a greeting. The degree of the bow shows different levels of respect: a 15-degree bow is for saying “hello” or “thank you” to friends; a 30-degree bow is used when you meet elders or apologize; a deep 45-degree bow is only for serious situations like saying “I’m truly sorry”. Third, gift-giving has strict taboos (禁忌). You should never bring gifts in sets of four—because the Japanese word for “four” sounds the same as the word for “death”. Also, gifts should be wrapped (包装) nicely, but avoid white wrapping paper (it’s connected to funerals (葬礼)). Common gifts include tea, cookies, or small plants. At dinner, wait for the host to say “itadakimasu” (which means “I will receive this food”) before you start eating. Never stick your chopsticks upright (直立的) in the rice—this looks like the incense sticks (香烛) used at funerals, which is a serious taboo. If you need to put chopsticks down, place them on the chopstick rest, not on the table. 【翻译】 当你第一次去日本朋友家里做客时，有许多特别的规矩需要遵守 —— 小小的失误就可能让别人感到不适。 首先，你必须在门口脱鞋。日本人认为鞋子会带进外面的尘土，所以在室内穿鞋被视作不礼貌。你要把鞋子整齐摆放在鞋架上，鞋头朝向门口（这样离开时方便穿上）。 其次，鞠躬不仅仅是一种问候方式。鞠躬的幅度代表不同程度的敬意：15 度鞠躬用于向朋友问好或道谢；30 度鞠躬用于拜见长辈或者道歉；45 度深鞠躬只用于郑重场合，比如表达诚挚的歉意。 第三，赠送礼物有严格禁忌。不要送数量为四件的礼物，因为日语里 “四” 的读音和 “死” 相同。礼物要精美包装，但不要用白色包装纸（白色和葬礼相关）。合适的礼物一般有茶叶、饼干或者小型盆栽。 用餐时，要等主人说 “いただきます（我开动了）” 之后再开始吃饭。千万别把筷子直直插在米饭里 —— 这个样子和葬礼上的香烛很像，是很忌讳的事情。如果需要放下筷子，放在筷架上，不要直接放在桌面上。 【长难句分析】 1. The degree of the bow shows different levels of respect: a 15-degree bow is for saying “hello” or “thank you” to friends; a 30-degree bow is used when you meet elders or apologize; a deep 45-degree bow is only for serious situations like saying “I’m truly sorry”. ✅ 结构：主句 + 三个并列分句，when 引导时间状语从句 翻译：鞠躬的幅度代表不同程度的敬意：15 度鞠躬用于向朋友问好或道谢；30 度鞠躬用于拜见长辈或者道歉；45 度深鞠躬只用于郑重场合，比如表达诚挚的歉意。 2. Never stick your chopsticks upright in the rice—this looks like the incense sticks used at funerals, which is a serious taboo. ✅ 结构：破折号解释说明，which 引导非限制性定语从句 翻译：千万别把筷子直直插在米饭里 —— 这个样子和葬礼上的香烛很像，是很忌讳的事情。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. entrance n. 入口，门口 2. neatly adv. 整齐地 3. bow v./n. 鞠躬 4. degree n. 程度；幅度 5. respect n. 尊重 6. elder n. 长辈 7. apologize v. 道歉 8. taboo n. 禁忌 9. wrap v. 包装 10. funeral n. 葬礼 11. host n. 主人，东道主 12. stick v. 插入，粘贴 13. upright adv. 直立地 14. incense n. 香 15. chopstick n. 筷子 16. rest n. 托架，支架 Passage2 ①China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪). Chinese people are among the most hospitable (好客的) people in the world. If foreigners visit a Chinese family, they would be surprised at the warmth that they would receive as guests. ②When you visit a Chinese family, the host usually makes tea for you. Then he will serve you snacks like biscuits or candy. Someone in the family will also chat with you, never letting you feel lonely. ③At the same time, other family members will prepare a meal for you. Chinese people treat their guests to a big meal. They always present more food than the guests can eat. And the guests must be the first to eat. Perhaps one of the things that surprise Western guests most is that the Chinese hosts like to pick up food for visitors, which won’t happen at Western tables. The Chinese family go out of their way to make you feel at home. As you finish eating, the host usually says, “It seems that you didn’t eat much. Please have more.” although you tell them you are full, they still put more food in your bowl. ④Being warm and hospitable has long been an important part of Chinese culture and tradition. As Confucius (孔子) said thousands of years ago, “To meet friends from afar, how happy we are!” 【翻译】 ① 中国是礼仪之邦。中国人是世界上最好客的人群之一。如果外国人到访中国家庭，他们会为作为客人所感受到的热情而惊讶。 ② 当你拜访中国家庭时，主人通常会为你泡茶，然后端上饼干、糖果之类的点心。家里会有人陪你聊天，不让你感到孤单。 ③ 与此同时，其他家人会为你准备饭菜。中国人会用丰盛的饭菜招待客人，准备的食物总是多于客人能吃完的量，而且要让客人先动筷。或许最让西方客人吃惊的一件事是：中国主人喜欢给客人夹菜，这在西方餐桌上是不会出现的。中国家庭会竭尽全力，让你有宾至如归的感觉。当你吃完，主人常会说：“好像你没吃多少，再多吃点吧。” 即便你说已经饱了，他们还是会往你的碗里添菜。 ④ 热情好客，长久以来都是中华文化与传统的重要组成部分。正如几千年前孔子所言：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎！” Passage 1 （25-26八年级下·云南楚雄·期末）Many people love traveling to different countries, but if you plan to go abroad, you should know how to behave in different situations around the world. It’s great to meet new people during a trip, but sometimes you can be impolite without saying anything. In Russia, you should never shake hands in a doorway, and if you’re traveling in Thailand, never touch people’s heads or point your feet at people. In most countries in Europe, people expect a lot of eye contact (接触) when you talk to them, but in many Asian countries a lot of eye contact seems unfriendly. And in South America, people usually stand quite close to each other when they talk, but in countries like the USA you need to give people more personal space. Also, it’s impolite to interrupt Japanese people while they are talking to you. You must wait until they finish talking before you start speaking. When you eat in China, it’s impolite to talk with your mouth full. Remember to eat with your right hand in India. Also avoid leaving empty bottles on the dinner table in Russia—that’s bad luck. When you’re traveling in some Asian countries, if someone invites you to his or her home, don’t forget to take off your shoes when you arrive. And if you visit an Arab family’s home, don’t admire anything valuable because your host will feel he should give it to you as a gift. 1．What is considered impolite in the USA? A．Shaking hands with others in the doorway. B．Standing too close to someone when talking. C．Wearing shoes when visiting a friend’s home. D．Having eye contact when talking with someone. 2．What does the underlined word “interrupt” probably mean? A．Follow. B．Help. C．Touch. D．Stop. 3．What does the writer want to tell us? A．It’s never too late to learn. B．There’s no place like home. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 4．Which of the following is the best structure of the passage?( Paragraph 1=①, Paragraph 2=②,…) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Cultural Differences B．Body Language C．Public Rules D．Traveling Plans 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了出国旅行时在不同国家和地区应遵守的文化礼仪和社交规范，涉及肢体接触、交谈距离、用餐习惯和拜访礼节等方面，旨在帮助读者了解文化差异，避免冒犯他人。 1．第三段第二句“in countries like the USA you need to give people more personal space.”，说明在美国与人交谈时需要保持一定的个人空间，站得太近是不礼貌的。 2．第三段最后两句“it’s impolite to interrupt Japanese people while they are talking to you. You must wait until they finish talking before you start speaking.”，说明在别人说话时插入进去是不礼貌的，应当等对方说完。因此interrupt意为“打断”，与stop（使停止）意思最接近。 3．全文列举了多个国家在不同场合下的礼仪规范（俄罗斯、泰国、欧洲、亚洲、美国、中国、印度、阿拉伯等），目的是告诉读者去不同国家时应入乡随俗、尊重当地文化。 4．第①段：总起，提出出国旅行应了解不同场合的行为规范（总）；第②段：初次见面的礼仪（握手、触碰头部、脚的方向）；第③段：交谈中的礼仪（眼神接触、个人空间、打断说话）；第④段：用餐礼仪；第⑤段：拜访他人家中的礼仪；后四段分别从不同方面列举各国的具体规范（分）。因此结构为：总（①）——分（②③④⑤）。 5．全文围绕不同国家的行为礼仪差异展开，涵盖了社交习惯、用餐礼仪、拜访礼节等多个方面，因此最佳标题是“文化差异”。 Passage 2 （25-26八年级下·吉林·期末）Giving gifts is a common way to show kindness, respect and care. It also helps us to improve relationships with others. However, if you don’t know the customs, you will make some mistakes. In China, when we choose gifts, we should avoid many things. For example, we never choose clocks as gifts because the word “clock” sounds like “zhong” in Chinese, which means death. Giving shoes is also a bad idea because in Chinese shoes sound like “xie”, which means something bad or unlucky. Things are similar in Western countries. They never choose handkerchiefs (手帕), because people use them to wipe tears. They mean sadness. Also, sharp objects like knives or scissors are not good choices, as they mean cutting off the relationship. Knowing these can help us avoid embarrassment. What’s more, when receiving gifts, Chinese people may refuse a gift two or three times before accepting it to show politeness. Also, they usually do not open a gift in front of the giver. They do it after the giver leaves. However, Western people like Americans or Englishmen open gifts at once in front of the giver to show respect and politeness. And refusing a gift is considered impolite in the West. All in all, knowing the customs well is of great importance. The more you know about them, the fewer embarrassments and misunderstandings (误解) you will have. So next time you want to give a gift to others, don’t forget what you have read today. Hope it can help you. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1．Why don’t Chinese people give clocks as gifts? A．Clocks are too expensive. B．The word sounds like “death” in Chinese. C．Clocks are not beautiful. D．The clock means something bad or unlucky. 2．What do Western people NOT choose as gifts? A．Clocks. B．Books. C．Handkerchiefs. D．Flowers. 3．Knives and scissors are bad gifts because they mean ________. A．happiness B．cutting off the relationship C．good luck D．helping us avoid embarrassment 4．What do Chinese people usually do when receiving gifts? A．They open the gift right away. B．They refuse it many times first. C．They never accept gifts. D．They open the gift after the giver leaves. 5．Which is TRUE according to the passage? A．Knowing the customs well is very important for us. B．Western people often open gifts after guests leave. C．Refusing a gift is considered polite in the West. D．In Western countries, handkerchiefs mean happiness. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了中外送礼与收礼的不同习俗，说明了各地不宜赠送的礼品及其缘由、收礼的不同礼仪，强调了解相关习俗对避免尴尬和误解十分重要。 1．原文第二段提到“we never choose clocks as gifts because the word “clock” sounds like “zhong” in Chinese, which means death”，说明了中国人不把钟表当作礼物赠送的原因是它的读音在中文里和代表“死亡”的字相近。 2．原文第二段提到“Things are similar in Western countries. They never choose handkerchiefs”，说明了西方人不会将手帕选为赠送的礼物。 3．原文第二段提到“Also, sharp objects like knives or scissors are not good choices, as they mean cutting off the relationship”，说明了刀和剪刀不适合做礼物的原因是它们寓意着断绝人际关系。 4．原文第三段提到“What’s more, when receiving gifts, Chinese people may refuse a gift two or three times before accepting it to show politeness. Also, they usually do not open a gift in front of the giver. They do it after the giver leaves”，说明了中国人收礼时会先推辞两三次以示礼貌，且一般不会当着送礼人的面拆开礼物，会等对方离开后再拆开。 5．原文最后一段提到“All in all, knowing the customs well is of great importance”，说明了熟知送礼相关习俗有着很重要的意义。 Passage 3 （25-26八年级下·辽宁锦州·期末）阅读短文，理解其大意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Ann was my first close friend after I moved to Australia last year. We first met in the small park at the end of our quiet street when we both took our pet dogs out to 1 . We chatted warmly as our dogs ran and played together on the green grass. We shared lots of little stories every time we met, and we soon became really good 2 within just a few weeks. One afternoon when we walked our dogs as usual, Ann asked whether I had free time this coming Saturday. She wanted to invite me to join a small dinner 3 at her house with several neighbors. I looked through my daily plan and told her I was totally available. We continued our walk and talked happily about the coming dinner. Right before we parted, Ann told me to bring a plate with me when I visited her home. I felt quite 4 and wondered why she needed an empty plate, yet I didn’t 5 to her about my question. On Saturday morning, I picked a nice decorated plate and took it to Ann’s house. As soon as she opened the door and saw the empty plate in my hands, she laughed 6 . She invited me inside and patiently told me that “bring a plate” is a local custom here. It actually means bringing some homemade food to 7 with everyone instead of just an empty plate. I didn’t realize this cultural 8 before. Later I 9 lots of tasty dishes from other guests and had great fun. This funny experience taught me an important 10 about different cultural customs. I will keep this warm memory in my heart forever. 1．A．jump B．walk C．sleep D．swim 2．A．guests B．classmates    C．friends     D．relatives 3．A．party B．exam C．concert D．competition 4．A．familiar B．embarrassed C．excited D．confused 5．A．give up B．speak up C．fix up D．clean up 6．A．loudly B．correctly C．secretly D．slowly 7．A．fight B．argue C．share D．compare 8．A．effect B．difference C．background D．value 9．A．brought B．returned C．provided D．tasted 10．A．problem B．worth C．lesson D．sign 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者因误解澳大利亚“bring a plate”的习俗而带了个空盘子去聚会，后来才明白这是带食物分享的文化习惯，并从中学会了尊重文化差异。 1．句意：我们第一次在安静街道尽头的小公园碰面，当时我们都带着自家宠物狗出去散步。 固定搭配take dogs out to walk=walk dogs（遛狗），是生活常用表达，后文也出现“walked our dogs as usual”对应提示，选walk。jump“跳”；sleep“睡觉”；swim“游泳”，都不符合语境 2．句意：每次碰面我们都会分享很多小事，短短几周我们就成了十分要好的朋友。 文章第一句“Ann was my first close friend”点明Ann是我的挚友，此处呼应前文，填friends。guests“客人”；classmates“同班同学”；relatives“亲戚”，均不符合。 3．句意：她邀请我去她家，和几位邻居参加一场小型的晚餐聚会。 后文提到去她家、带食物、其他客人，明显是“晚餐聚会”（dinner party）。exam“考试”；concert“音乐会”；competition“比赛”，均不合逻辑。 4．句意：我感到十分困惑，不明白她为什么要我带一个空盘子过去。 后文“wondered why she needed an empty plate”（疑惑为何需要空盘子），对应内心困惑，填confused。familiar“熟悉”；embarrassed“尴尬”；excited“兴奋”都不贴合此处心理。 5．句意：但我没有开口说出我的疑问。 此处表示作者心里有疑问但没有“说出来”，填speak up，表示坦率说出、开口表达（疑问、想法）。give up“放弃”；fix up“修理”；clean up“打扫”均不符。 6．句意：她一开门看见我手里拿着空盘子，就大声笑了起来。 主人公只带了空盘子不懂当地习俗，安妮觉得这件事好笑，于是放声大笑，loudly laughed“大声发笑”，符合场景。correctly“正确地”；secretly“秘密地”；slowly“慢慢地”，均不符合场景。 7．句意：这个习俗其实是带上自家做的食物和所有人一起分享，而不是只拿一个空盘子。 聚餐习俗自带食物分给大家，share sth with sb“和某人分享某物”，为固定搭配。fight“打架”；argue“争论”；compare“比较”，均不符合语境。 8．句意：我之前没意识到这种文化差异。 不同国家习俗不同，体现文化差异，cultural difference“文化差异”，填difference。effect“影响”；background“背景”；value“价值”，均不符合。 9．句意：后来我品尝了其他客人带来的许多美味菜肴，玩得十分开心。 晚宴上自然是品尝各家带来的美食，tasted dishes“品尝菜品”，逻辑通顺。brought“带来”，若是作者带来则与前文冲突；returned“归还”；provided“提供”，均不符合。 10．句意：这段有趣的经历，教会了我关于不同风俗习惯的重要一课。 teach sb an important lesson固定短语，意为“给某人上了重要一课、让某人收获经验教训”。problem“问题”；worth“价值”；sign“标志”，都不贴切。 Passage 4 （25-26八年级下·广东揭阳·期末）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。 China pays great attention to manners, especially when it comes to food. In China, it’s common to 1 a friend or a business partner to have dinner together in a restaurant. At table, it’s polite to let the guests 2 the menu and choose what they’d like to eat first. Filial piety (孝顺) also plays an important part in Chinese culture. When eating with elderly people, it’s good manners to 3 food to them. If a dish is very 4 , we should let the elders have more of it. There is something about the use of 5 . One of the most impolite things that we should never do is to stick our chopsticks into a bowl of rice. It’s also 6 to point our chopsticks at other people. 7 , noisy eating is impolite behaviour in China. And many Chinese people like to use toothpicks (牙签) to clean their teeth after they finish the 8 . But always remember to cover our 9 with a hand while doing so. What’s more, it’s impolite to 10 a toothpick between our lips (嘴唇) when talking to someone. It’s rude behaviour. 1．A．make B．order C．invite D．compare 2．A．think of B．go through C．look after D．search for 3．A．cook B．lift C．collect D．pass 4．A．cheap B．simple C．common D．delicious 5．A．spoons B．chopsticks C．bowls D．forks 6．A．important B．impatient C．improper D．impossible 7．A．Traditionally B．Suddenly C．Luckily D．Sincerely 8．A．meal B．trip C．job D．lesson 9．A．heads B．mouths C．noses D．eyes 10．A．move B．open C．leave D．paint 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文主要介绍中国的饮食礼仪，包括邀请客人、尊敬长辈、筷子使用规范及餐后注意事项，体现了中国传统文化。 1．句意：在中国，邀请朋友或商业伙伴一起在餐厅吃饭很常见。 根据“to have dinner together”，可知是邀请某人。固定搭配invite sb. to do sth.表示“邀请某人做某事”，故选invite。make：make sb. do表示“使某人做”，不能搭配“to have dinner”，语义不通；order“命令、点餐”，order sb.表示“命令别人”，不符合待客吃饭的语境；compare：compare A to B表示“把 A 比作 B”，和吃饭场景毫无关联。 2．句意：在桌上，让客人浏览菜单并先选菜是礼貌的。 go through意为“翻阅、浏览” ，go through the menu表示“翻看菜单”，符合请客时让客人先看菜单点菜的礼仪。think of“想起、考虑”，think of the menu表示“想着菜单”，不符合动作；look after“照顾”，“照顾菜单”不符合逻辑；search for“搜寻、查找（丢失物品）”，不用于翻看菜单。 3．句意：与长辈吃饭时，把食物递给他们是礼貌的。 pass sth. to sb.表示“把某物递给某人”，餐桌上给长辈递菜（pass）是孝顺礼仪。cook“做饭”，后文已经是餐桌上，不需要现场做饭；lift“举起”，lift food“举起饭菜”，不符合餐桌动作；collect“收集、积攒”，语义完全不匹配。 4．句意：如果一道菜很美味，我们应该让长辈多吃。 根据“let the elders have more”，好吃（delicious）才多给长辈。cheap“便宜的”、simple“简单的”、common“普通的”，这三项都没有理由要特意让长辈多吃，只有美味的菜符合尊老的逻辑。 5．句意：关于筷子的使用有一些讲究。 根据下文“stick our chopsticks”，可知此处指筷子（chopsticks）。spoons “勺子”、bowls“碗”、forks“叉子”，后文没有再提到这三样餐具，直接排除。 6．句意：用筷子指人也是不恰当的。 前一句说把筷子插米饭里是极其不礼貌的事，本句also表示并列，用筷子指人同样是不妥当、失礼的（improper）。important“重要的”，与语境含义相反；impatient“不耐烦的”，形容人的情绪，不能形容行为；impossible“不可能的”，句意不通。 7．句意：传统上，吃饭出声在中国是不礼貌的行为。 本段继续介绍中国长久以来的餐桌规矩：吃饭出声不礼貌。 Traditionally意为“传统上来说、按照传统习惯”，贴合介绍传统礼仪的文章基调。Suddenly“突然地”、Luckily“幸运地”、Sincerely“真诚地”，三个副词代入句子语义完全不通顺。 8．句意：许多中国人喜欢吃完饭后用牙签剔牙。 全文围绕餐桌吃饭礼仪，finish the meal表示“吃完饭、用餐结束”，之后用牙签剔牙。故选meal。trip“旅行”、job“工作”、lesson“课程”均和吃饭场景无关。 9．句意：但记得这样做时用手遮住嘴。 根据“clean their teeth”，剔牙遮嘴（mouths）是礼貌。heads“头”、noses“鼻子”、eyes“眼睛”都不是剔牙需要遮挡的部位。 10．句意：此外，说话时把牙签留在唇间是不礼貌的。 根据“between our lips”，指留着牙签在那。leave a toothpick between lips表示“把牙签叼在嘴唇之间”。故选leave。move“移动”、open“打开”、paint“绘画”，三个动词都无法搭配“牙签夹在嘴唇间”这个动作。 Passage 5 （25-26八年级下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）从方框中选择适当的词填空，使短文意思完整，每词限用一次。 special  confusing  forks   excited   well  elbows  blouse  manners  proper  if Last week, I heard from my pen pal Lisa who lives in another country. I was so 1 to receive her letter. She told me about the table manners there, which are quite different from ours. In her country, people use 2 and knives instead of chopsticks. It is embarrassing 3 you make noise while eating. Also, you should keep your 4 off the table. The serving chopsticks are used to get food from shared dishes, and it’s 5 to wait for the host to start eating. Lisa said she had to get used to these cultural customs. At first, she found some rules 6 , but now she follows them 7 . She even mentioned an occasion where she wore a beautiful 8 to a dinner party. She asked me whether there are any 9 table manners in my country. I told her that in China, we value (重视) good 10 too, like sitting up straight when eating. It’s so interesting to learn about different customs around the world! 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者收到笔友Lisa的来信，信中介绍了她所在国家的餐桌礼仪，并与中国的餐桌礼仪进行了对比，体现了不同文化的差异。 1．句意：收到她的信我非常激动。空格前有系动词was和副词so，需要形容词作表语，修饰主语I，excited（感到激动的）符合语法及“收到笔友来信时开心激动”的语境。 2．句意：在她的国家，人们使用刀叉而不是筷子。此处与knives并列，指代餐具，forks（叉子）符合语法及“西方餐具刀和叉”的语境。 3．句意：如果你吃饭时发出声音，那是很尴尬的。根据“It is embarrassing...you make noise while eating.”可知空格引导一个条件状语从句，if（如果）符合语法及“在吃饭时发出声音会尴尬”的语境。 4．句意：而且，你应该把手肘离开桌面。根据餐桌礼仪常识，吃饭时肘部不能放在餐桌上，固定搭配keep one’s elbows off the table表示“手肘不放在桌上”，elbows（手肘）符合语法及“餐桌礼仪中手肘不上桌”的语境。 5．句意：使用公筷从共享的菜肴中夹取食物，等主人先开始吃才是合适的。It is+adj.+to do sth.句型中，空格处需要形容词，proper（合适的、恰当的）符合语法及“等候主人先吃”的餐桌礼仪语境。 6．句意：起初，她觉得一些规则令人困惑。find sth.+adj.结构，形容词作宾语补足语，描述事物带给人的感受，结合At first，说明刚开始不理解这些规则，confusing（令人困惑的）符合语法及“起初不适应异国文化习俗”的语境。 7．句意：但现在她很好地遵守了它们。空格修饰动词follows，需要副词，well（好地）符合语法及“现在能很好地遵守规则”的语境。 8．句意：她甚至提到有一次她穿了一件漂亮的女式衬衫去参加晚宴。不定冠词a后接单数名词，blouse（女式衬衫）符合语法及“穿着漂亮衬衫去参加晚宴”的语境。 9．句意：她问我我的国家是否有任何特别的餐桌礼仪。修饰名词table manners，需要形容词作定语，special（特别的）符合语法及“询问是否有特别的餐桌礼仪”的语境。 10．句意：我告诉她，在中国，我们也重视良好的礼仪。good后接名词，manners（礼仪）符合语法及“中国同样重视良好的餐桌礼仪”的语境。 Passage 6 （25-26八年级下·陕西榆林·期末）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。） custom   quiet   show   people   he   great   should   one   thank   be Do you know anything about Chinese table manners? Last month, I visited my Chinese friend Xiao Wei for the 1 time. Before dinner, he gave me some advice. He said, “Don’t stick your chopsticks into a bowl of rice. In Chinese 2 eyes, it’s very rude.” I thought that was surprising because in my country we don’t have that custom. When we sat down at the table, I felt a little confused. There 3 many shared dishes in the middle. Xiao Wei told me, “You 4 use the serving chopsticks to take food from the shared dishes.” I tried my best to follow 5 words. During the meal, I wanted to reach for a dish that was far away. Xiao Wei 6 said, “Don’t stand up to reach for food. Just ask someone to pass it to you.” So I did as he said. After dinner, I 7 Xiao Wei’s parents and said that everything was delicious. They were very happy. Xiao Wei told me, “You did a 8 job as a guest.” I learned that good table manners are very important. They help us to 9 respect to the host. Now I am more confident when I eat with Chinese friends. I will keep learning about different 10 in the future! 【答案】 1．first 2．people’s 3．were 4．should 5．his 6．quietly 7．thanked 8．great 9．show 10．customs 【导语】本文讲述作者第一次拜访中国朋友小伟，在饭桌上学习中国餐桌礼仪的经历，明白了良好餐桌礼仪可以表达尊重，今后也会继续了解各地不同风俗。 1．句意：上个月，我第一次拜访了我的中国朋友小伟。此处需要一个序数词，在句中表示顺序。因为“for the first time”表示“第一次”，是固定搭配，所以选择one并变为first。故填first。 2．句意：在中国人的眼中，这非常不礼貌。此处需要一个名词所有格，在句中修饰eyes。因为空后是名词eyes，需要表示“人们的眼中”，people与eyes之间是所属关系，所以选择people并变为people’s。故填people’s。 3．句意：中间有许多共享的菜。此处需要一个系动词，在句中构成there be句型。因为后面的主语many shared dishes为复数，且文章讲述过去发生的事情，所以选择be并变为were。故填were。 4．句意：你应该使用公筷从共享菜盘中夹菜。此处需要一个情态动词，在句中表示建议。因为should表示“应该”，结合中国餐桌礼仪中的正确做法，所以选择should。故填should。 5．句意：我尽力遵循他的话。此处需要一个形容词性物主代词，在句中修饰words。因为空后是名词words，需要表示“小伟的话”，主语为he，所以选择he并变为his。故填his。 6．．句意：小伟轻声地说：“不要站起来夹远处的菜。”此处需要一个副词，在句中修饰动词said。因为空后有直接引语，结合语境可知小伟是在礼貌地提醒作者，所以选择quiet并变为quietly。故填quietly。 7．句意：晚饭后，我感谢了小伟的父母，夸赞饭菜都很美味。句子时态为一般过去时，结合语境吃完饭表达谢意；备选词thank的过去式thanked符合语境，故填thanked。 8．句意：小伟告诉我：“作为一名客人，你做得很好。”此处需要一个形容词，在句中修饰job。因为“do a great job”表示“做得很好”，符合语境，所以选择great。故填great。 9．句意：它们帮助我们向主人表达尊重。此处需要一个动词，在句中构成“help sb. do sth.”结构。因为help后接动词原形，“show respect”表示“表示尊重”，符合语境，所以选择show。故填show。 10．句意：未来我会继续了解不同的风俗。different意为“不同的”，后面要接可数名词复数；备选词custom是可数名词，复数形式为customs，对应前文介绍的餐桌风俗，符合语境，故填customs。 Passage 7 （25-26八年级下·吉林长春·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In today’s world, Chinese and foreign cultures mix more and more closely. China has a long history and rich traditions. These provide 1 good environment for cultural exchange. Chinese culture 2 (influence) the world in many ways since long ago. Ancient Chinese useful things, well-known food and kung fu bring fast 3 (develop) to different cultures. For example, Chinese tea culture has reached many countries, becoming a symbol of peace and relaxation. At the same time, Western music and art have also become popular in China. They mix with traditional Chinese styles. It is a good way 4 (create) something new and exciting. This cultural exchange makes life 5 (color) than before. It also helps people understand each other 6 (clear). Still, it is not 7 (common) for people to worry about protecting their own culture. However, we should treat different cultures with respect. We bravely work together with other cultures, share our traditions and learn 8 others. In short, cultural mixing is not about losing who we are but about 9 (grow) together. 10 we share different cultures with one another, we can build a more connected and warmer world. This is the beauty of cultural mixing. It brings people closer and enriches everyone’s lives. 【答案】 1．a 2．has influenced 3．development 4．to create 5．more colorful 6．clearly 7．uncommon 8．from 9．growing 10．If 【导语】本文讲述了中外文化深度交融的现状，阐明文化交流带来的益处，呼吁人们尊重多元文化、互学互鉴共同发展。 1．句意：这些为文化交流提供了良好的环境。固定搭配provide a good environment for...表示“为……提供一个良好的环境”，good以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 2．句意：中华文化很久以前就从方方面面影响着世界。时态标志词since long ago是现在完成时标志，主语Chinese culture为单数，故填has influenced。 3．句意：中国古代实用物品、知名美食和武术为不同文化带来了飞速发展。动词bring后需要名词作宾语，develop的名词形式是development。 4．句意：这是创造新鲜有趣事物的好方式。固定句型It is a good way to do sth.，不定式作后置定语，用来修饰way。 5．句意：这场文化交融让生活比从前更加丰富多彩。出现比较级标志词than，先将名词color变为形容词colorful，多音节形容词前加more构成比较级。 6．句意：它也帮助人们清楚地理解对方。空格修饰动词understand，需要使用副词，clear的副词变形为clearly。 7．句意：人们会担忧保护自身本土文化，这一现象并不罕见。后文however表转折，说明人们担心本土文化是很正常的事，给common加否定前缀un-，构成uncommon。 8．句意：我们勇敢地和其他文化协作，分享传统并向别人学习。固定短语learn from others，意思是“向他人学习”。 9．句意：简而言之，文化交融不是丢掉自我，而是共同成长。介词about后面要接动名词形式，grow的动名词为growing。 10．句意：如果我们互相分享不同的文化，就可以打造一个联系更紧密、更温暖的世界。此处用if引导条件状语从句，表达如果各国互相分享文化，就能共建更美好的世界，符合文章逻辑。 Passage 8 （25-26八年级下·浙江杭州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Giving and receiving gifts play an important role in building relationships. However, what you think is a thoughtful present might be completely improper somewhere else! Let’s explore gift-giving traditions from different corners of the world. In China, 1 (you) choice of gifts can either make or break a relationship. Remember 2 (avoid) anything with the number four. It’s connected with death because “four” sounds similar to the word for “death” in Chinese. But Chinese people consider eight as a 3 (luck) number and it means wealth. You can choose something like tea as 4 gift. When it comes to wrapping (包装) , red and gold are your 5 (good) choices of all! In South Africa, gift-giving isn’t as formal 6 in other parts of the world, but it’s still a meaningful practice. A thoughtful gift like a bottle of wine, chocolates, or flowers works great. Don’t forget to give and receive gifts with both 7 (hand) — it’s a sign of respect and thanks. In India, sweets are a 8 (real) popular choice, especially during festivals like Diwali or Holi. But don’t wrap your gift in black or white paper 9 these colors are unlucky in their eyes. Instead, go for bright colors like red, gold, or yellow. Have you ever 10 (give) any special gifts to others? Gift-giving is truly an art. It needs a little thought, effort, and cultural awareness. Understanding the “why” behind each tradition is what makes the experience so meaningful. 【答案】 1．your 2．to avoid 3．lucky 4．a 5．best 6．as 7．hands 8．really 9．because 10．given 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍中国、南非、印度三个国家送礼的不同文化习俗与禁忌。 1．句意：在中国，你的礼物选择可能会成就一段关系，也可能毁掉一段关系。空格后是名词choice，需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词；后文全文围绕挑选礼物展开，此处用来指代“你的（礼物选择）”这件事，故填your。 2．句意：记得避开任何带有数字四的物品。remember to do sth.表示“记得要做某事”；后文说明数字四谐音“死”不吉利，所以这里提醒大家挑选礼物时记得避开含数字四的物品，故填不定式结构to avoid。 3．句意：但中国人认为八是一个吉利数字，它代表财富。空格后是名词number，需要形容词修饰名词；前文提及数字四寓意不吉，本句转折介绍数字八象征财富，是幸运数字，名词luck需变为形容词lucky（幸运的），故填lucky。 4．句意：你可以选茶叶这类物品当作一份礼物。空格后gift是可数名词单数，此处泛指一件礼品；前文介绍合适的送礼品类，茶叶是通用礼品之一，gift以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。 5．句意：说到包装，红色和金色是你所有选择里最好的！句尾of all表示在全部包装颜色范围内对比，三者及以上比较要用形容词最高级；结合中国送礼文化，红、金色是寓意喜庆的首选包装色，good的最高级为best（最好的），故填best。 6．句意：在南非，送礼不像世界其他地区那样正式，但它依旧是有意义的习俗。本句使用原级比较否定结构“not as + 形容词原级 + as”，用来对比南非和世界其他地方送礼礼仪的正式程度，结合句式结构，故填as。 7．句意：不要忘了递收礼物都要用双手，这是表达尊重与感谢的象征。空前both意为两者都，后面需要搭配可数名词复数；结合南非当地礼仪文化，双手递接礼物代表敬意，单数hand需变为复数hands，故填hands。 8．句意：在印度，甜食是非常受欢迎的选择，尤其是排灯节、胡里节这类节日期间。空格后是形容词popular，修饰形容词要使用副词；后文列举印度多个传统节日，能看出甜食在当地送礼场合格外受欢迎，形容词real需变为副词really修饰popular，表“十分、格外”，故填really。 9．句意：不要用黑色或白色纸张包装礼物，因为在他们眼中这些颜色不吉利。前半句提出送礼禁忌，后半句解释不能选用黑白包装纸的原因，前后分句构成因果逻辑，连词because用来引导原因状语从句，故填because。 10．句意：你曾经给别人送过什么特别的礼物吗？句首Have you ever是现在完成时疑问句式，结构为“have + 主语 + 动词过去分词”；本段末尾由各国送礼习俗向读者发起提问，动词give的过去分词为given，故填given。 Passage 9 （25-26八年级下·山东菏泽·期末）阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。 Hi Diana, It’s so great to hear from you. Life in Paris is pretty good! I was a little lonely at first, but I’m starting to make some friends. They helped me to learn more about the customs here after I had some embarrassing experiences at a party last month. I’d like to share some tips with you. First, you shouldn’t arrive early to a party. It’s normal to be on time or a few minutes late, but arriving early can cause problems. Once, I arrived 10 minutes early to a party. Usually that’s the polite thing to do, right? But my friend looked so surprised to see me! He was still getting everything ready. Second, it’s important to bring a gift when you visit someone. When I attended my friend’s party, I didn’t bring anything. It wasn’t his birthday, but everyone else brought gifts like chocolates or flowers to thank him for the party. I was so embarrassed! Third, you should always try to dress for the occasion. At that party, it was surprising to see how nicely everyone was dressed. It was summer, so I was just wearing a simple blouse and shorts. But everyone else was dressed so well that I felt silly. Fourth, it’s best not to ask personal questions unless you know the person quite well. Many French people are quite private. They don’t like it when others ask them about their age, their family, whether they are married or how much money they make. Food and culture, however, are safe conversation topics. Last but not least, make sure you use French whenever you can. Lots of people speak English here, but you can develop closer relationships with them if you use French. It’s very important in their culture. I found that even a simple “merci” goes a long way! You’ll see what I mean as soon as you get here! Au revoir Nancy 1．What does Nancy mainly talk about in the letter? 2．What is the safe conversation topic in France? 3．How many suggestions does Nancy give? 4．How can you develop a closer relationship with a person in France? 5．What do you think of the customs in Paris? And which one do you like best? 【答案】1．She mainly talks about some customs and tips in Paris/France. 2．Food and culture (are safe conversation topics). 3．She gives five/5 suggestions. 4．We can use French (whenever we can). 5．They are helpful and important. I like bringing gifts best because it shows thanks and respect. 【导语】本文主要讲述了Nancy在巴黎的生活经历，并基于自己的尴尬经历向Diana分享了五条关于法国当地习俗的建议。 1．第一段提到：“Life in Paris is pretty good...They helped me to learn more about the customs here after I had some embarrassing experiences at a party last month. I’d like to share some tips with you.”，表明Nancy在信中主要谈论的是关于巴黎/法国的习俗和建议。 2．第五段提到在法国安全的交谈话题为“Food and culture”。答案是原文的直接信息。 3．文章第二至六段“First...Second...Third...Fourth...Last but not least…”表明，Nancy一共给出了五条建议。 4．第六段提到：“you can develop closer relationships with them if you use French”，表明要想发展更亲密的关系，要尽可能地使用法语。 5．本题为主观开放题，答案不唯一。结合文中Nancy分享的法国社交礼仪，表达个人看法并说明最喜欢哪条建议即可。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $