Unit 8 Then and now（易错题专项训练.语法提升）英语译林版三起六年级上册（新教材）

Unit 8 Then and now 专题02 语法提升·易错题专项训练 高频易错点03 In the past … Now … 描述变化 高频易错点01 一般过去时的动词变化 高频易错点02 be 动词与 There be 句型 高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨 易错精讲 一般过去时的动词变化高频易错点01 一般过去时讲过去的事，一般现在时讲现在的习惯 重点：句中有 two weeks ago / in the past / then / last Sunday，动词用过去式；有 now / these days / often / every day，动词用一般现在时。 1. 规则动词：词尾加 -ed，以 e 结尾只加 -d work — worked　cook — cooked　play — played　like — liked 2. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾：变 y 为 i 再加 -ed study — studied　carry — carried　worry — worried（play 前是元音字母 a，直接加 -ed） 3. 重读闭音节：双写末尾字母再加 -ed stop — stopped　plan — planned　chat — chatted　shop — shopped 4. 不规则动词只能逐个记 go — went　buy — bought　win — won　come — came　spend — spent pay — paid　write — wrote　have — had　is — was　are — were Two weeks ago, Bobby’s parents bought a robot from a shop. 两周前，波比的父母从商店买了一台机器人。 The robot won every time. 这台机器人每次都赢。 5. 一般现在时：主语是第三人称单数时，动词加 -s / -es Now my father often shops online and pays on his smartphone. 现在我爸爸经常在网上购物，并用手机付款。 These days, my mother sometimes works from home. 这些天我妈妈有时在家工作。 💡小知识点：时间词就是“时态开关” ago / then / in the past / last… → 用过去式；now / these days / often / every day → 用一般现在时。 易错点提示 一、-ed 不是随便加的 ✅ study → studied　✅ chat → chatted　❌ studyed　❌ chated 二、不规则动词不能再加 -ed ✅ went　✅ bought　✅ won　❌ goed　❌ buyed　❌ winned 三、did / didn’t 后面的动词一定用原形 ✅ Did you go to the park?　❌ Did you went to the park? ✅ I didn’t buy the robot.　❌ I didn’t bought the robot. 四、第三人称单数别丢 -s ✅ My father often shops online.　❌ My father often shop online. 五、一句话里时间词和动词形式要一致 ✅ In the past, people wrote letters.　❌ In the past, people write letters. 小练笔 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1．Two weeks ago, Bobby’s parents ________ (buy) a robot from a shop. 2．The robot ________ (cook) a big dinner last night. 3．Wang Bing’s father ________ (go) to shops twenty years ago. 4．Now he often ________ (shop) online. 5．My grandmother ________ (write) letters to her friends in the past. 6．These days she ________ (chat) with us on the internet. 7．The robot ________ (play) Chinese chess with Bobby and ________ (win) every time. 8．My cousin ________ (study) English for an hour every day. 点拨 1．答案：bought 解析：two weeks ago 表示过去，buy 是不规则动词，过去式为 bought。　句意：两周前，波比的父母从商店买了一台机器人。 2．答案：cooked 解析：last night 是过去时间，cook 是规则动词，直接加 -ed。　句意：昨晚机器人做了一顿丰盛的晚餐。 3．答案：went 解析：twenty years ago 表示过去，go 的过去式是 went。　句意：二十年前，王兵的爸爸去商店买东西。 4．答案：shops 解析：now 表示现在，主语 he 是第三人称单数，shop 直接加 -s。　句意：现在他经常在网上购物。 5．答案：wrote 解析：in the past 表示过去，write 的过去式是 wrote。　句意：过去我奶奶给朋友们写信。 6．答案：chats 解析：these days 表示现在，主语 she 是第三人称单数，chat 直接加 -s。　句意：这些天她在网上和我们聊天。 7．答案：played; won 解析：and 连接两个并列动作，时态一致，都用过去式；play 加 -ed，win 的过去式是 won。　句意：这台机器人跟波比下中国象棋，每次都赢。 8．答案：studies 解析：every day 表示经常性动作，主语 my cousin 是第三人称单数，study 变 y 为 i 加 -es。　句意：我表弟每天学一小时英语。 be 动词与 There be 句型 高频易错点02 was / were 与 There be：过去的“是”和“有” 重点：am / is 的过去式是 was，are 的过去式是 were；There is / There are 的过去式是 There was / There were。 1. 单数主语用 was：I / he / she / it / 单数名词 The robot was very smart. 这台机器人很聪明。 Fifty years ago, there was no phone in my home. 五十年前，我家没有电话。 2. 复数主语用 were：we / you / they / 复数名词 There were no phones then. 那时候没有电话。 Bobby and Tina were hungry after the walk. 走了一段路后，波比和蒂娜饿了。 3. There be 的“就近原则” There was a robot and two children in the room. 房间里有一台机器人和两个孩子。 There were two children and a robot in the room. 房间里有两个孩子和一台机器人。 4. 否定句与一般疑问句 There was no dinner on the table. 桌上没有晚饭。 Were there any phones then? —— No, there weren’t. 那时有电话吗？——没有。 💡小知识点：There be 只表示“某地有某物” 不能和 have 连用：❌ There had a robot in the room. ✅ There was a robot in the room. 易错点提示 一、看主语定 was / were，不要看时间 ✅ The robot was smart.　✅ The robots were smart.　❌ The robots was smart. 二、There be 用就近原则 ✅ There was a book and two pens on the desk. ❌ There were a book and two pens on the desk. 三、否定的两种写法 ✅ There were no phones.　✅ There weren’t any phones.　❌ There were not phones. 四、There be 与 have 不能混用 ✅ There was a robot in the room.　❌ There had a robot in the room. 五、回答用 there 开头，单复数要对应 ✅ Yes, there were.　❌ Yes, there was.（问句是 Were there…?） 一般过去时（讲过去） 一般现在时（讲现在） In the past, I wrote letters. Now I chat on the internet. Twenty years ago, I paid in cash. I often pay on my phone. 小练笔 用 be 动词的适当形式填空。 1．Fifty years ago, there ________ (be) no phones in the village. 2．There ________ (be) a robot and two mice in the room. 3．My grandparents ________ (be) farmers twenty years ago. 4．The robot ________ (be) very smart and could do many things. 5．Twenty years ago, there ________ (be) no high-speed trains. 6．Now there ________ (be) many changes in our lives. 7．________ (be) there any computers in your school then? 8．Bobby and Tina ________ (be) hungry when they came back. 点拨 1．答案：were 解析：no phones 是复数，There be 用 were。　句意：五十年前，村里没有电话。 2．答案：was 解析：就近原则：be 与最近的名词 a robot 一致，用 was。　句意：房间里有一台机器人和两只老鼠。 3．答案：were 解析：主语 my grandparents 是复数，用 were。　句意：二十年前我的祖父母是农民。 4．答案：was 解析：主语 the robot 是单数，用 was。　句意：这台机器人很聪明，能做很多事。 5．答案：were 解析：no high-speed trains 是复数，用 were。　句意：二十年前没有高铁。 6．答案：are 解析：now 表示现在，changes 是复数，用 are。　句意：现在我们的生活中有很多变化。 7．答案：Were 解析：一般疑问句把 were 提到句首；computers 是复数。　句意：那时你们学校有电脑吗？ 8．答案：were 解析：Bobby and Tina 是并列主语，看作复数。　句意：波比和蒂娜回来时饿了。 In the past … Now … 描述变化高频易错点03 In the past … Now …：怎样描述“变化” 重点：同一件事，用 In the past / … ago 讲过去，用 Now / These days 讲现在，动词形式跟着换。 1. 讲过去：In the past, … / … years ago, … In the past, we went to different places on foot. 过去我们步行去不同的地方。 Twenty years ago, he went to shops and paid in cash. 二十年前，他去商店并用现金付款。 2. 讲现在：Now … / These days … Now we go to different places by metro. 现在我们乘地铁去不同的地方。 These days, my mother sometimes works from home and has online meetings. 这些天我妈妈有时在家工作、开线上会议。 3. 过去的疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形？ Did you go to the park yesterday? —— Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. What did the robot do? —— It cooked a big dinner. 机器人做了什么？——它做了一顿丰盛的晚餐。 4. 课文里的三个常用问句 What happened? 发生了什么？（happen 是不及物动词，没有被动语态） What’s wrong with the robot? 机器人怎么了？ Where’s our dinner? 我们的晚饭在哪里？ 💡小知识点：ago 要放在“时间段”后面 two weeks ago、twenty years ago；不能说 ago two weeks。 易错点提示 一、ago 的位置 ✅ two weeks ago　❌ ago two weeks 二、Did 后面跟动词原形 ✅ What did the robot cook?　❌ What did the robot cooked? 三、happen 没有被动语态 ✅ What happened to the robot?　❌ What was happened to the robot? 四、In the past 配过去式，Now 配现在时 ✅ In the past, I wrote letters. Now I chat on the internet. 五、pay 的搭配 ✅ pay in cash　✅ pay on my smartphone　❌ pay by cash 小练笔 单项选择。 ( ) 1．—What ________ to the robot?　—It stopped working. A．happened　 B．was happened　 C．happens ( ) 2．Twenty years ago, my father ________ to work by bike. A．goes　 B．went　 C．going ( ) 3．—________ you go to the park last Sunday?　—Yes, I did. A．Do　 B．Did　 C．Were ( ) 4．Now my mother often ________ online meetings at home. A．have　 B．has　 C．had ( ) 5．________ the past, people wrote letters to their friends. A．On　 B．At　 C．In 点拨 1．答案：A 解析：What happened to …? 意为“……怎么了？”，happen 是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用第三人称单数。　句意：——机器人怎么了？——它不工作了。 2．答案：B 解析：twenty years ago 表示过去，动词用过去式 went。　句意：二十年前，我爸爸骑自行车上班。 3．答案：B 解析：答句 Yes, I did 提示问句用助动词 Did；last Sunday 是过去时间。　句意：——上周日你去公园了吗？——是的，我去了。 4．答案：B 解析：now 表示现在，主语 my mother 是第三人称单数，have 变 has。　句意：现在我妈妈经常在家开线上会议。 5．答案：C 解析：in the past 是固定短语，意为“在过去”，句末用逗号与主句隔开。　句意：过去人们给朋友写信。 综合训练 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1．Two weeks ago, Bobby’s parents ________ (buy) a robot from a shop. 2．Yesterday the robot ________ (cook) a big dinner for the family. 3．Liu Jiajia’s grandmother ________ (walk) to different places fifty years ago. 4．Now she ________ (go) to different places by metro. 5．These days, Wang Bing’s mother sometimes ________ (work) from home. 6．Twenty years ago, his father ________ (pay) in cash. 7．Now he ________ (shop) online and ________ (use) his smartphone. 8．In the past, there ________ (be) no high-speed trains. 9．The robot ________ (play) Chinese chess with Bobby and ________ (win) every time. 10．My grandparents ________ (chat) with us on the internet now. 二、选择正确的答案，将其序号填入题前括号内。 ( ) 1．—What ________ to our robot? —It can’t walk now. A．happened　 B．was happened　 C．happen ( ) 2．There ________ a robot and two children in the room just now. A．was　 B．were　 C．are ( ) 3．—________ there any phones in your village fifty years ago? —No, there weren’t. A．Was　 B．Were　 C．Are ( ) 4．In the past, people ________ letters to their friends. A．write　 B．wrote　 C．writes ( ) 5．Now my father ________ online meetings at home. A．have　 B．has　 C．had ( ) 6．—Did you ________ chess with the robot? —Yes, but I lost. A．played　 B．play　 C．playing ( ) 7．Twenty years ago, my mother ________ in an office. A．works　 B．worked　 C．work ( ) 8．The robot can do ________ things. It’s very ________. A．many; smart　 B．much; clever　 C．many; weak ( ) 9．—Where’s our dinner? —________ A．It’s in the kitchen.　 B．Yes, it is.　 C．No, it isn’t. ( ) 10．These days, we ________ e-books on the computer. A．read　 B．reads　 C．reading ( ) 11．My grandfather ________ a lot of time on the road then. A．spend　 B．spent　 C．spends ( ) 12．There ________ no dinner on the table when we came back. A．was　 B．were　 C．is ( ) 13．—How did people go to different places in the past? —They went ________ foot. A．by　 B．on　 C．in ( ) 14．The robot ________ every game, so Bobby was not happy. A．win　 B．won　 C．wins ( ) 15．Technology ________ our lives a lot. There are many changes now. A．change　 B．changes　 C．changed 三、按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。 1．Bobby’s parents bought a robot two weeks ago.（改为否定句） Bobby’s parents ________ ________ a robot two weeks ago. 2．The robot cooked a big dinner.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ the robot ________? 3．There were some phones in the school.（改为一般疑问句） ________ there ________ phones in the school? 4．My father went to shops twenty years ago.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ your father ________ to shops? 5．Wang Bing’s mother works in an office now.（用 in the past 改写） In the past, Wang Bing’s mother ________ in an office. 6．The robot played Chinese chess with Bobby.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ the robot ________ with Bobby? 7．I chatted with my friends on the internet.（改为一般疑问句） ________ you ________ with your friends on the internet? 8．There was a robot in the room.（改为复数句） There ________ some ________ in the room. 9．People went to different places on foot in the past.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ people ________ to different places in the past? 10．What happened to the robot?（改为同义句） What ________ ________ with the robot? 四、选择合适的句子补全短文，将其字母序号填在横线上（有 2 个多余选项）。 Hello, I’m Liu Jiajia. I’m doing a project on life in the past and now. ____1____ Fifty years ago, my grandmother walked to different places. ____2____ Now she goes to different places by metro. My father is a doctor. Twenty years ago, he went to shops and paid in cash. ____3____ My mother worked in an office before. ____4____ We also have a robot helper at home. ____5____ It really makes our life easy. A．There were no phones in her home then. B．Now he often shops online and pays on his smartphone. C．But now she works from home and has online meetings. D．There are many changes in our lives. E．She uses a smartphone to chat with us now. F．It can cook meals and clean the house. G．My grandmother likes watching TV very much. 五、完形填空。 Last Sunday, Mike and his family went to visit his grandparents. They ____1____ there by high-speed train. Mike was surprised. “Grandpa, how did you go to school when you were young?” he asked. “I ____2____ to school on foot every day,” said Grandpa. “There ____3____ no bikes in our village then.” Grandpa also told Mike that he ____4____ letters to his parents when he worked in another city. Now Grandpa has a smartphone. He often ____5____ with Mike on the internet. Mike thinks technology has changed our lives a lot. ( ) 1．A．go　 B．went　 C．goes ( ) 2．A．walk　 B．walked　 C．walks ( ) 3．A．was　 B．were　 C．are ( ) 4．A．write　 B．wrote　 C．writes ( ) 5．A．chats　 B．chat　 C．chatted 参考答案 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. bought 解析：two weeks ago 表示过去，buy 是不规则动词，过去式为 bought。 2. cooked 解析：yesterday 是过去时间，cook 是规则动词，直接加 -ed。 3. walked 解析：fifty years ago 表示过去，walk 加 -ed。 4. goes 解析：now 表示现在，主语 she 是第三人称单数，go 加 -es。 5. works 解析：these days 表示现在，主语 his mother 是第三人称单数。 6. paid 解析：twenty years ago 表示过去，pay 的过去式是 paid。 7. shops; uses 解析：now 表示现在，主语 he 是第三人称单数，两个动词都要加 -s。 8. were 解析：in the past 表示过去，no high-speed trains 是复数，用 were。 9. played; won 解析：and 连接两个并列动作，时态一致；play 加 -ed，win 的过去式是 won。 10. chat 解析：now 表示现在，主语 my grandparents 是复数，用原形。 二、单项选择 1．A　 2．A　 3．B　 4．B　5．B　 6．B　7．B　8．A　9．A　10．A　 11．B　12．A　13．B　14．B　15．B 1. A 解析：What happened to …? 是固定说法，happen 没有被动语态，也不能用第三人称单数形式。 句意：——我们的机器人怎么了？——它现在不能走路了。 2. A 解析：just now 表示刚才，用过去时；There be 遵循就近原则，与 a robot 一致，用 was。 句意：刚才房间里有一台机器人和两个孩子。 3. B 解析：fifty years ago 表示过去，phones 是复数，一般疑问句把 were 提前。 句意：——五十年前你们村里有电话吗？——不，没有。 4. B 解析：in the past 表示过去，write 的过去式是 wrote。 句意：过去人们给朋友们写信。 5. B 解析：now 表示现在，主语 my father 是第三人称单数，have 变 has。 句意：现在我爸爸在家开线上会议。 6. B 解析：助动词 Did 后面用动词原形 play；played 是过去式，不能再用。 句意：——你和机器人下棋了吗？——下了，但我输了。 7. B 解析：twenty years ago 表示过去，动词用过去式 worked。 句意：二十年前，我妈妈在一间办公室里工作。 8. A 解析：things 是可数名词复数，用 many 修饰；能做好多事说明它很 smart（聪明）。 句意：这台机器人能做很多事，它非常聪明。 9. A 解析：Where 引导的特殊疑问句不能用 Yes / No 回答，要说出具体地点。 句意：——我们的晚饭在哪里？——在厨房里。 10. A 解析：these days 表示现在的习惯，主语 we 是复数，用原形 read。 句意：这些天我们在电脑上读电子书。 11. B 解析：then 指“那时”，表示过去，spend 的过去式是 spent。 句意：那时我爷爷在路上花了很多时间。 12. A 解析：dinner 是不可数名词，There be 用 was；when we came back 说明是过去。 句意：我们回来时桌上没有晚饭。 13. B 解析：on foot 是固定搭配，意为“步行”；by 后接交通工具，如 by bus。 句意：——过去人们怎样去不同的地方？——他们步行去。 14. B 解析：由 was not happy 可知事情发生在过去，win 的过去式是 won。 句意：机器人赢了每一局，所以波比不高兴。 15. B 解析：主语 technology 是不可数名词，作第三人称单数，changes 表示现在的情况。 句意：科技大大改变了我们的生活，现在有很多变化。 三、按要求改写句子 1. didn’t buy 解析：一般过去时的否定句用 didn’t + 动词原形，bought 要还原成 buy。 句意：波比的父母两周前没有买机器人。 2. What did; cook 解析：对宾语 a big dinner 提问用 What；cooked 是过去式，疑问句用 did，动词还原为 cook。 句意：机器人做了什么？ 3. Were; any 解析：were 提到句首构成一般疑问句；some 在疑问句中改为 any。 句意：学校里有电话吗？ 4. When did; go 解析：对时间状语 twenty years ago 提问用 When；went 还原为 go。 句意：你爸爸什么时候去商店的？ 5. worked 解析：用 in the past 改写要换成一般过去时，works 变 worked。 句意：过去王兵的妈妈在一间办公室里工作。 6. What did; play 解析：对宾语 Chinese chess 提问用 What；played 还原为 play。 句意：机器人和波比下了什么？ 7. Did; chat 解析：实义动词 chatted 的一般疑问句用 Did 开头，动词还原为 chat。 句意：你在网上和朋友们聊天了吗？ 8. were; robots 解析：改为复数句时，was 变 were，a robot 变 some robots。 句意：房间里有几台机器人。 9. How did; go 解析：对方式状语 on foot 提问用 How；went 还原为 go。 句意：过去人们怎样去不同的地方？ 10. is wrong 解析：两个问句意思相同，都表示“……怎么了？”。 句意：机器人怎么了？ 四、补全短文 1．D　2．A　3．B　4．C　5．F（多余选项：E、G） 翻译：D．生活有很多变化。五十年前，奶奶步行去不同的地方。A．那时她家没有电话，现在她乘地铁。爸爸二十年前用现金付款。B．现在他在网上购物、用手机付款。妈妈以前在办公室，现在在家工作。C．她还开线上会议。家里还有机器人帮手。F．它会做饭、打扫房子。 五、完形填空 1．B　2．B　3．B　4．B　5．A 1. B. 时间标志 Last Sunday（上周日），是一般过去时，动词要用过去式。go 的过去式是 went。 2. B. 问句 `how did you go to school when you were young` 问爷爷小时候的情况，属于过去，用一般过去时。walk 的过去式 walked。 3. B. `then（那时候）` 表示过去；后面名词 bikes 是复数，there be 句型复数过去式用 were。 4. B. 爷爷讲述过去在外地工作时的事情，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。write 的过去式 wrote。 5. A. 时间标志 often（经常），表示现在经常性动作，一般现在时；主语 He 是第三人称单数，chat 变 chats。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $