内容正文:
高一上④完形填空完形填空·动词名词辨析
第一模块:结构化系统知识梳理
一、核心词汇体系:完形填空动词、名词高频辨析
1.动词义近辨析(高考完形最常考)
动词组
核心区别
典型语境
高考扣分点
say /tell speak
say+内容;tell sb sth;
say hello tell a lie
tel后必须接人,say后
speak+语言/正式场合;
speak English talk
talk
不直接接人
talk with/to sb
with friends
Iook主动看;see结果看
look at;see a film
look see watch/
watch用于动态,see强
见;watch持续观看动
watch TV;observe
observe
调结果
态;observe仔细观察
rules
listen主动听;hear结
listen to music hear
listen hear
listen后必须加to
果听到
a noise
borrow lend
borrow借入;lend借出
borrow from lend to
方向混淆高频陷阱
bring带来;take带走;
bring here take
bring /take /fetch/
fetch去取回;carry携
away fetch water
take与bring方向相反
carry
带
carry bag
cost物作主;spend人
cost /spend pay
It takes sb spends
作主;pay人作主+for;
主语判断错即扣分
take
sb pays for sth costs
take形式主语
accept主动接受;
accept gift receive
accept receive
主观Vs客观
receive客观收到
letter
raise及物;rise不及
raise hand rise up
raise rise /arise
及物性混淆
物;arise抽象问题出现
arise problem
affect health have
affect effect
affect动词;effect名词
词性误用
effect on
lie /lay
lie躺/位于;lay放置
lie down lay eggs
过去式lay/laid混淆
2.名词义近辨析
名词组
核心区别
典型语境
高考扣分点
problem难题;
solve problem
problem question
搭配固定
question疑问
answer question
名词组
核心区别
典型语境
高考扣分点
reason理由;cause起
reason/cause
因
reason for cause of
介词搭配
job职业;work工作;
find a job at work
job work/task
可数不可数
task任务
finish task
chance/
chance偶然机会;
by chance take
固定搭配
opportunity
opportunity良机
opportunity
amount+不可数;
amount of water
amount number
修饰对象
number+可数
number of students
side effect as a
effect result/
effect影响;result结
result bad
语境色彩
consequence
果;consequence后果
consequence
custom习俗;habit个
local custom form a
custom habit
主体差异
人习惯
habit
sight景象;view视野;
in sight view of;on
sight view scene
scene场景;scenery风
the scene natural
不可数scenery
scenery
景总称
scenery
price价格;cost成本;
at a price at all
price cost value
介词搭配
value价值
costs of value
energy能量;power权
save energy in
energy power
力/电力;force力量;
power;by force
抽象具体
force strength
strength体力
physical strength
二、重难点系统梳理
1.完形填空动词辨析三大判断维度
1.看主语:人作主语vs物作主语(cost/take/spend/pay核心判断)
2.看及物性:及物动词必须带宾语;不及物动词不带宾语(raise/rise)
3.看方向:动作方向决定词选(borrow./八end;bring/take)
2.完形填空名词辨析三大判断维度
1.看可数性:可数vs不可数(amount,/number;scenery不可数)
2.看搭配:介词搭配固定(reason for;.cause of)
3.看语境色彩:褒义/贬义/中性(consequence偏贬义)
3.高考完形固定搭配高频清单
动词短语
含义
高考频次
make sense
讲得通
★★★★★
动词短语
含义
高考频次
take effect
生效
★★★★
make a difference
有影响
★★★★★
play a role in
起作用
★★★★★
have access to
有权使用
★★★★
take advantage of
利用
★★★★
come to terms with
妥协
★★★
make up for
弥补
★★★★
live up to
不辜负
★★★★
put up with
忍受
★★★★
三、易混易错对比表
易混点
核心区别
适用语境
高考扣分点
正确用法
sb spend...on It
spend/take/cost/p
主语不同
花费句型
主语判断错
takes...;sth
ay
costs;sb pay for
borrow from
borrow小end
方向相反
借还场景
方向搞反
lend to
raise+宾语;rise
raise/rise
及物性
上升场景
缺宾语
无宾语
affect v.effect
affect/effect
词性
影响场景
词性混用
n.
accept主动;
accept/receive
主客观
接收场景
主观客观混
receive客观
amount-+不可数;
amount/number
可数性
数量场景
修饰对象错
number-+可数
solve problem
problem/question
语义
问题场景
搭配错
answer question
custom/habit
主体
习惯场景
custom群体;
群体个人混
habit个人
lie/lay
及物性
位置场景
过去式错
lie-lay-lain lay-
laid-laid
易混点
核心区别
适用语境
高考扣分点
正确用法
chance/opportuni
c
偶然/良机
机会场景
搭配错
by chance;take
opportunity
四、高考必考规律汇总
1.完形填空动词辨析黄金公式:主语性质→及物性→动作方向→搭配→语境色彩
2.完形填空名词辨析黄金公式:可数性→介词搭配→语境色彩→固定搭配
3.高频句式模板:
It takes sb some time to do sth
sb spends time/money on sth /(in)doing sth
sth costs sb some money
sb pays some money for sth
4.高频替换词:
important>significant vital crucial
difficult->challenging tough
happy>delighted content
sad→depressed/upset
五、题型解题方法论(完形填空专属)
1.完形填空动词名词辨析四步法
1.读全文:抓主旨,定语境基调(褒/贬/中性)
2.看空格:判断词性(动词/名词),确定考点类型
3.比选项:按“主语-及物性-方向-搭配-色彩”逐层排除
4.代入验证:通读检查逻辑与搭配是否通顺
2.完形填空避坑套路表
陷阱类型
表现
破解方法
近义词干扰
四个选项意思相近
看搭配、看主语、看方向
词性混淆
affect/effect类
先判词性,再选词
方向陷阱
borrow/lend bring/take
明确动作方向
搭配陷阱
介词搭配错
背固定搭配
语境色彩
褒贬误用
抓全文情感基调
复现原则
上下文原词复现
找同义/反义复现线索
3.考场时间分配
1.完形填空建议用时:12-15分钟
2.第一遍:通读+填简单空(3-4分钟)
3.第二遍:逐空辨析+排除(6-8分钟)
4.第三遍:代入复读+检查(2-3分钟)
第二模块:溯源真题训练
t
me three hours to finish the task,but I felt satisfied.
A.spent
B.took
C.cost
D.paid
【标准答案】B
2.
I forgot to bring my pen,so I
one from my classmate.
A.lent
B.borrowed
C.returned
D.offered
【标准答案】B
3.
We need to solve the
of air pollution as soon as possible.
A.question
B.problem
C.reason
D.cause
【标准答案】B
4.
Lack of sleep can seriously
your health.
A.effect
B.affect
C.produce
D.cause
【标准答案】B
5.
A large
of students took part in the volunteer activity.
A.amount
B.number
C.deal
D.quantity
【标准答案】B
6.
she】
the invitation with great pleasure.
A.received
B.accepted
C.refused
D.returned
【标准答案】B
7
The sun
in the east and sets in the west.
A.raises
B.rises
C.arises
D.lifts
【标准答案】B
8.
Studying abroad gave her the_
to experience different cultures.
A.chance
B.opportunity
C.reason
D.result
【标准答案】B