专题05 首字母填空-【题型易-必考题型精练】2026-2027学年九年级上册英语期中考 满分冲刺考前梯度特训（译林版·南通专用）

考前特训 专题05 首字母填空 期中考满分冲刺（南通专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 首字母填空（短文填空）是南通中考及九上期中卷的常考题型。它在短文中挖去若干单词并给出首字母，要求考生依据首字母、语法功能与上下文语义写出完整、正确的单词，同时考查拼写与词形变化，属于语境立意、拼写落地的综合能力题。 二、命题形式与题量 本次特训共选编 8 篇短文，每篇设 10 空，合计 80 题。每个设空只给一个首字母，答案多为一个完整单词，需同时满足“首字母匹配、词性正确、词形恰当、语义通顺”四项要求。答题时既要判断词性与形式，又必须把单词拼写准确。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 80 题梳理） 本次特训 8 篇共 80 空，考点集中在词形转换、固定搭配与句法功能三个层面，可归纳为以下八类： （1）名词：单复数与不可数（adults / challenges / chances / experiences），注意 many、plenty of、one of 等修饰语对单复数的提示。 （2）动词时态与主谓一致：一般过去时（decided / dropped / mentioned / experienced）、一般现在时第三人称单数（shows / finishes）、被动语态（regarded / encouraged）。 （3）非谓语动词：介词后接动名词（dealing / solving / giving / letting），需与固定搭配中的介词 to、at、of 等配合判断。 （4）形容词：作表语或定语（social / real / stupid / difficult / focused / true / small / bad / enough）。 （5）副词：修饰动词或全句（probably / bravely / actively / accurately / mostly / Nearly）。 （6）固定搭配：be likely to、cooperate with、go through、pay off、deal with、be bad for、stick to、focus on、depend on、pay attention to、in need、be born in。 （7）连词、连接词与逻辑词：When（时间状语从句）、that（宾语从句）、Because of（原因）、Instead（转折）、What’s more（递进）。 （8）代词与词性转换：反身代词 myself；名词派生 development / imagination；形容词、副词派生 social / bravely / actively，须结合首字母与句法功能判断。 四、难度与趋势 整体难度中等。首字母填空在语法填空基础上叠加了“拼写＋词形”的双重门槛：不仅要判断词性与形式，还要依据首字母准确拼写，并使词义与上下文吻合。语篇题材涵盖成长励志、身心健康、社会现象等，长度在 160–330 词之间。近年南通卷趋向长语篇、多线索：同一空往往需要首字母、语法功能与上下文语义三重印证，单纯“见到搭配就填”的题明显减少。 一、四步解题法 第一步：通读全文，抓住主旨与基本时态，标注时间标志词与逻辑连接词，为后面的词形判断做准备。 第二步：看首字母定“词族”——先由首字母把可能的单词缩小到一定范围，再由句子成分判定所需词性：缺主语或宾语填名词，作定语或表语填形容词，修饰动词填副词，作谓语填动词。 第三步：结合上下文语义与固定搭配锁定唯一答案，注意时态、语态、单复数、比较等级等形式变化，做到“词对、形对”。 第四步：复核拼写与首字母大小写（句首、专有名词），把答案代回原文通读，确保句意通顺、语法正确。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】名词复数——以Passage 1 题 1 为例：题 1 首字母为 a，句意为“当我们成为成年人时，我们将承担更多责任”。设空作 become 的表语，指人且为复数，故填 adults，不能只写 adult。原文“take on more responsibilities”提示主语是群体，需与复数形式保持一致。 【点拨2】many 后接可数名词复数——以Passage 2 题 5 为例：题 5 首字母为 c，前面是 many，后面讲述他当医生后遇到的种种难处，故填可数名词复数 challenges。原文“he faced many”已明确提示该空受 many 修饰，见到 many、plenty of、a number of 就要想到名词复数。 【点拨3】副词与首字母大写——以Passage 3 题 1 为例：题 1 位于句首、首字母为 N，句意为“几乎每个人在某个时候都可能有这种感觉”，修饰 everyone 表示“几乎”，故填 Nearly，句首首字母须大写。原文“everyone may have this feeling at some time”说明该词是对范围的限定，属于程度副词的典型用法。 【点拨4】副词修饰动词——以Passage 4 题 6 为例：题 6 首字母为 b，句意为“她选择勇敢面对挑战”，此处修饰动词 face，需用副词 bravely。原文“she chose to face the challenge”中 face 是实义动词，修饰动词要用副词而非形容词，这是本题的判断关键。 【点拨5】形容词作定语修饰名词——以Passage 5 题 3 为例：题 3 首字母为 d，设空修饰名词 lives，表示“日常生活”，需用形容词 daily。原文“has influenced their”之后紧跟设空，形容词作前置定语修饰 lives，注意 daily 本身即以 -ly 结尾，但此处是形容词而非副词。 【点拨6】介词后接动名词——以Passage 6 题 4 为例：题 4 首字母为 d，设空位于介词 at 之后，get better at doing sth. 表示“越来越擅长做某事”，故填动名词 dealing。原文“as people get better at”提示该空紧跟介词 at，介词宾语必须用名词或动名词，切勿误填动词原形。 【点拨7】一般过去时——以Passage 7 题 3 为例：题 3 首字母为 d，句中有 Last month 与 spent 等过去时间标志，讲的是已经发生的事，故填 dropped（注意双写 p 加 -ed）。原文“but my math score still”提示前后转折，成绩“仍然大幅下降”是过去的结果，须用一般过去时。 【点拨8】名词派生（词性转换）——以Passage 8 题 4 为例：题 4 首字母为 d，设空位于 the normal 之后、of the mind and body 之前，需要名词，由动词 develop 派生出 development（不可数），表示身心“正常发育”。原文“Sleep plays an important role in the normal”表明该空是介词 in 宾语的核心名词，词性判断是破题第一步。 三、易错提醒 • 首字母只是“起点”不是“答案”：同一首字母可能对应多个单词，必须用上下文语义与词性双重筛选，避免“看到搭配就填”。 • 词形别漏变：decide→decided、drop→dropped、mention→mentioned，注意时态、双写与 -ed 拼写。 • 单复数看修饰语：many、plenty of、one of、a number of 后接可数名词复数（challenges / chances / experiences）。 • 副词与形容词要分清：修饰动词用副词（bravely face / actively communicate），系动词后作表语用形容词（stay focused / feel anxious）。 • 固定搭配要完整：pay attention to、be likely to、stick to、depend on、go through 中的介词与不定式符号 to 都不可漏写。 • 句首单词首字母大写，专有名词与从句引导词（When / Because / Instead）注意大小写与拼写。 Passage 1 根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整的单词。 Every teenager should develop good personal qualities to get well prepared for the future. Good qualities, such as patience, courage, and teamwork, help us grow into better people. When we become a 1 , we will take on more responsibilities. We will join different s 2 groups in our daily life. We talk and get to know more people, and do things together. As a result, we are l 3 to take part in plenty of group tasks. We need to c 4 with others to complete meaningful team projects. For example, we can listen carefully, share ideas, and solve problems together. During these projects, we will p 5 meet all kinds of unexpected difficulties. Sometimes, we may go t 6 lonely and tiring periods. Even then, we can bravely v 7 our own ideas at the right moment. We should r 8 positive whenever trouble comes. Remember that our efforts will pay o 9 sooner or later. It is a s 10 to give up before we try our best. Passage 2 根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。 My grandfather is a man with a strong will. He was b 1 in a poor family and had to work hard from a young age. He always tells me the story of how he became a doctor. When he was 18, he d 2 to become a doctor. But his family couldn’t a 3 to send him to medical school. Instead of g 4 up, he worked during the day and studied at night. He saved every penny he could. After five years of hard work, he finally got into medical school. Even after he became a doctor, he faced many c 5 . He worked long hours and often had to d 6 with difficult patients. But he never let anything stop him. He always said, “Difficulties are just c 7 to become stronger.” Now my grandfather is retired, but he still helps people in n 8 . He often goes to the community centre to give free health a 9 . He has inspired many people with his kindness and determination. I hope I can be someone l 10 him when I grow up. Passage 3 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为66-75的相应位置。 Have you ever felt anxious (焦虑的) about a maths question? N 1 everyone may have this feeling at some time. What may not seem so obvious is that many other people have felt the same way and that maths anxiety is a r 2 problem. Even the Maths Anxiety Trust (数学焦虑症信托基金会) has been set up to r 3 the awareness (意识). A survey for the trust found more than a third of 13 to 15-year-olds feel anxious when they are s 4 a math problem. The same happens to one in five a 5 . Celia Hoyles, professor of mathematics education at University College London says, “With maths, there’s a right or a wrong answer and that’s why people can feel so anxious—they are afraid of looking s 6 .” One problem that needs to be dealt with is how maths is taught. “We need teachers to see o 7 points of view. In this way, they can understand where pupils are finding aspects of the subject d 8 . As a result, pupils can be e 9 to solve their problems. In the past few years, many education technology products have been designed. But it isn’t e 10 to teach maths with pictures and games. Learning technology needs to be designed with deep understanding of how pupils learn and a healthy reality check around how teachers want to use it. Passage 4 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。 13-year-old Chinese girl Yu Zidi shone in the swimming pool at the 20th Aichi-Nagoya Asian Games. The teenager won three gold medals at her first Asian Games. She is r 1 as a rising swimming star by a wide audience. Her excellent performance made her the youngest MVP in Asian Games history. Yu was born in Baoding, Hebei Province in 2012. Her swimming story started by accident. W 2 she was six years old, she went to a water park with her father. Her coach Li Chao found that swimming could s 3 her natural talent in water. From then on, she went to the pool to train every day after school. The road to success was never smooth. The difficulties she faced were beyond many people’s i 4 . She once suffered from huge s 5 from training and schoolwork. At that time, she felt so tired that she even considered giving up swimming. With encouragement from her parents and coaches, she chose to face the challenge b 6 . She managed to achieve a balance between training and her lessons and stayed f 7 on every practice. Little by little, her efforts paid off. “I am confident in m 8 . I will keep improving my skills and compete in the Olympic Games one day.” Yu said to a reporter from China Daily. Yu’s growth tells us t 9 talent alone cannot bring success. It is perseverance and courage that help us go t 10 difficulties and move forward. Passage 5 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。 Younger people’s ideas about online life are changing. A new idea called “digital detox (数字排毒)” has appeared. This means teenagers don’t check social media at all times just for likes. I 1 , they care more about real-life communication and face-to-face talks. Digital detox encourages people not to use their phones too much. Unlike traditional habits, it makes people put down their phones and pays more a 2 to the true rest. This idea has become popular with younger people and has influenced their d 3 lives. This change shows that young people c 4 about different things now. Many young people are starting to realize that having many online friends doesn’t bring true happiness. Without worrying about following fashions, they are more interested in personal growth and building real social relationships. B 5 of this, they pay much attention to their inner needs. Besides focusing on real communication, they also start to care about how screens influence their health. This new way of thinking helps young people notice bigger problems l 6 poor eyesight and sleep loss. They know that using phones too much can be b 7 for their health, causing plenty of unnecessary tiredness. So they choose to s 8 to a healthier lifestyle. It is changing what people do and making life different. What’s m 9 , the idea of digital detox is also bringing changes in society. Schools are being pushed to take students’ mental health more seriously (重视). They f 10 on real communication skills when planning activities. In a word, digital detox helps young people live a better balanced life. Passage 6 Are you an introvert (someone who likes being alone) or an extrovert (someone who enjoys being with others)? Many people will be able to answer that question a 1 . They may see it as one of those things that cannot be changed. But a new study says something c 2 : how extroverted you are can change over time. It d 3 on how you handle (应对) your stress. The study found that as people get better at d 4 with their stress, they become more extroverted and open to new experiences. The researchers f 5 more than 2,000 people over an 18-year period from early middle age. During those 18 years, the people in the study completed the diaries three times. Each time, they wrote for eight days. In their diaries, they talked about their feelings, their personality, and the things that made them stressed. Lead author William Chopik said, “The cool thing about this study is that, as you got better at handling stress day by day, you also became more extroverted, agreeable, and o 6 to new experiences over time.” He added, “These s 7 improvements add up and change your personality over time.” However, he said that the opposite was also t 8 . The study showed that people who found it difficult to handle stress became more introverted, less agreeable, and less open to new experiences. Though the study didn’t talk about how to better handle stress, Chopik said that its results can give people a little hope. He explained, “If you can find ways to m 9 your feelings, you might be able to change your personality slowly.” Chopik also said that people who are more extroverted, agreeable, and open to new experiences are more l 10 to be happier. Passage 7 请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 Growing up as a junior three student, I used to think youth was full of sunshine and joy. However, as I grow older, I gradually meet countless troubles that only teenagers can understand. These small troubles made my teenage days m 1 with bitterness and growth. The biggest trouble comes from my heavy schoolwork and inner anxiety. The senior high school entrance examination is approaching day by day, leaving me little time to r 2 . Every day, I am buried in endless exercises and exams. Last month, I spent several nights reviewing my lessons, but my math score still d 3 sharply. Staring at the score, I felt helpless and doubted myself. I was afraid of falling behind and l 4 my parents and teachers down, and this worry haunted (缠绕，萦绕) me every night. Besides study pressure, the gap between my parents and me also bothers me. I long for understanding and private space, but my parents only f 5 on my grades. They always compare me with excellent classmates and keep asking me to study harder. Once I wanted to share my unhappiness with them, they just blamed me for being distracted (分心的). I had to h 6 my feelings silently and became more sensitive and lonely. I also feel confused about interpersonal (人际的) relationships. I try to be friendly to everyone, but I still cannot a 7 small conflicts with friends. Sometimes a casual misunderstanding will make our relationship awkward (别扭的). I always care too much about others' attitudes and force myself to cater to (迎合) others, which makes me tired inside. Later, I slowly realize that these troubles are necessary parts of growth. No growth is s 8 . Troubles teach me to be strong, calm and tolerant. Now I learn to adjust (调节)my mood, face pressure bravely and communicate with others a 9 . Those youthful troubles are no longer burdens (负担), but valuable e 10 that help me become a better self. Passage 8 请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 An increasing number of teenagers and young adults are having problems sleeping because of great study pressure or the overuse of the smartphone, as health experts call for families and schools to pay greater a 1 to the sleep quality of the youth. Lu Lin, a famous psychologist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that while sleep disorders are believed to m 2 influence middle-aged adults and the elderly, more and more youngsters said they get poor sleep and even need to take sleeping pills. The study s 3 that insomnia (失眠症), breathing problems during sleep and other sleep disorders influence about 36 percent of seniors and 26 percent of adults in China, according to Lu, who is also president of Peking University Sixth Hospital. Sleep plays an important role in the normal d 4 of the mind and body, and the lack of sleep could harm the cognitive capacities (认知能力) of children and teenagers. Then they suffer from poor memory and fail to stay f 5 . Lu m 6 that children and teenagers should have at least eight hours of sleep per day. “However, I have young patients who only sleep five hours a day. They go to bed after the last class f 7 at 11:00 p.m. and wake up as early as 5:30 a.m. for an early workout,” he said during an event held over the weekend ahead of this year’s World Sleep Day on Thursday. Lu also said that a large number of children cannot m 8 their time and begin having health problems that can influence them for the rest of their lives. What’s more, he believed that it is necessary to tell families and schools the importance of sleep and ask them not to put high s 9 on school grades over sleep and health. Liu Yanjiao, from Guang’anmen Hospital, suggested a short period of sleep during the day for anyone who slept late or e 10 sleep problems before. He also advised young people not to depend on sleeping pills. 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前特训 专题05 首字母填空 期中考满分冲刺（南通专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 首字母填空（短文填空）是南通中考及九上期中卷的常考题型。它在短文中挖去若干单词并给出首字母，要求考生依据首字母、语法功能与上下文语义写出完整、正确的单词，同时考查拼写与词形变化，属于语境立意、拼写落地的综合能力题。 二、命题形式与题量 本次特训共选编 8 篇短文，每篇设 10 空，合计 80 题。每个设空只给一个首字母，答案多为一个完整单词，需同时满足“首字母匹配、词性正确、词形恰当、语义通顺”四项要求。答题时既要判断词性与形式，又必须把单词拼写准确。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 80 题梳理） 本次特训 8 篇共 80 空，考点集中在词形转换、固定搭配与句法功能三个层面，可归纳为以下八类： （1）名词：单复数与不可数（adults / challenges / chances / experiences），注意 many、plenty of、one of 等修饰语对单复数的提示。 （2）动词时态与主谓一致：一般过去时（decided / dropped / mentioned / experienced）、一般现在时第三人称单数（shows / finishes）、被动语态（regarded / encouraged）。 （3）非谓语动词：介词后接动名词（dealing / solving / giving / letting），需与固定搭配中的介词 to、at、of 等配合判断。 （4）形容词：作表语或定语（social / real / stupid / difficult / focused / true / small / bad / enough）。 （5）副词：修饰动词或全句（probably / bravely / actively / accurately / mostly / Nearly）。 （6）固定搭配：be likely to、cooperate with、go through、pay off、deal with、be bad for、stick to、focus on、depend on、pay attention to、in need、be born in。 （7）连词、连接词与逻辑词：When（时间状语从句）、that（宾语从句）、Because of（原因）、Instead（转折）、What’s more（递进）。 （8）代词与词性转换：反身代词 myself；名词派生 development / imagination；形容词、副词派生 social / bravely / actively，须结合首字母与句法功能判断。 四、难度与趋势 整体难度中等。首字母填空在语法填空基础上叠加了“拼写＋词形”的双重门槛：不仅要判断词性与形式，还要依据首字母准确拼写，并使词义与上下文吻合。语篇题材涵盖成长励志、身心健康、社会现象等，长度在 160–330 词之间。近年南通卷趋向长语篇、多线索：同一空往往需要首字母、语法功能与上下文语义三重印证，单纯“见到搭配就填”的题明显减少。 一、四步解题法 第一步：通读全文，抓住主旨与基本时态，标注时间标志词与逻辑连接词，为后面的词形判断做准备。 第二步：看首字母定“词族”——先由首字母把可能的单词缩小到一定范围，再由句子成分判定所需词性：缺主语或宾语填名词，作定语或表语填形容词，修饰动词填副词，作谓语填动词。 第三步：结合上下文语义与固定搭配锁定唯一答案，注意时态、语态、单复数、比较等级等形式变化，做到“词对、形对”。 第四步：复核拼写与首字母大小写（句首、专有名词），把答案代回原文通读，确保句意通顺、语法正确。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】名词复数——以Passage 1 题 1 为例：题 1 首字母为 a，句意为“当我们成为成年人时，我们将承担更多责任”。设空作 become 的表语，指人且为复数，故填 adults，不能只写 adult。原文“take on more responsibilities”提示主语是群体，需与复数形式保持一致。 【点拨2】many 后接可数名词复数——以Passage 2 题 5 为例：题 5 首字母为 c，前面是 many，后面讲述他当医生后遇到的种种难处，故填可数名词复数 challenges。原文“he faced many”已明确提示该空受 many 修饰，见到 many、plenty of、a number of 就要想到名词复数。 【点拨3】副词与首字母大写——以Passage 3 题 1 为例：题 1 位于句首、首字母为 N，句意为“几乎每个人在某个时候都可能有这种感觉”，修饰 everyone 表示“几乎”，故填 Nearly，句首首字母须大写。原文“everyone may have this feeling at some time”说明该词是对范围的限定，属于程度副词的典型用法。 【点拨4】副词修饰动词——以Passage 4 题 6 为例：题 6 首字母为 b，句意为“她选择勇敢面对挑战”，此处修饰动词 face，需用副词 bravely。原文“she chose to face the challenge”中 face 是实义动词，修饰动词要用副词而非形容词，这是本题的判断关键。 【点拨5】形容词作定语修饰名词——以Passage 5 题 3 为例：题 3 首字母为 d，设空修饰名词 lives，表示“日常生活”，需用形容词 daily。原文“has influenced their”之后紧跟设空，形容词作前置定语修饰 lives，注意 daily 本身即以 -ly 结尾，但此处是形容词而非副词。 【点拨6】介词后接动名词——以Passage 6 题 4 为例：题 4 首字母为 d，设空位于介词 at 之后，get better at doing sth. 表示“越来越擅长做某事”，故填动名词 dealing。原文“as people get better at”提示该空紧跟介词 at，介词宾语必须用名词或动名词，切勿误填动词原形。 【点拨7】一般过去时——以Passage 7 题 3 为例：题 3 首字母为 d，句中有 Last month 与 spent 等过去时间标志，讲的是已经发生的事，故填 dropped（注意双写 p 加 -ed）。原文“but my math score still”提示前后转折，成绩“仍然大幅下降”是过去的结果，须用一般过去时。 【点拨8】名词派生（词性转换）——以Passage 8 题 4 为例：题 4 首字母为 d，设空位于 the normal 之后、of the mind and body 之前，需要名词，由动词 develop 派生出 development（不可数），表示身心“正常发育”。原文“Sleep plays an important role in the normal”表明该空是介词 in 宾语的核心名词，词性判断是破题第一步。 三、易错提醒 • 首字母只是“起点”不是“答案”：同一首字母可能对应多个单词，必须用上下文语义与词性双重筛选，避免“看到搭配就填”。 • 词形别漏变：decide→decided、drop→dropped、mention→mentioned，注意时态、双写与 -ed 拼写。 • 单复数看修饰语：many、plenty of、one of、a number of 后接可数名词复数（challenges / chances / experiences）。 • 副词与形容词要分清：修饰动词用副词（bravely face / actively communicate），系动词后作表语用形容词（stay focused / feel anxious）。 • 固定搭配要完整：pay attention to、be likely to、stick to、depend on、go through 中的介词与不定式符号 to 都不可漏写。 • 句首单词首字母大写，专有名词与从句引导词（When / Because / Instead）注意大小写与拼写。 Passage 1 根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整的单词。 Every teenager should develop good personal qualities to get well prepared for the future. Good qualities, such as patience, courage, and teamwork, help us grow into better people. When we become a 1 , we will take on more responsibilities. We will join different s 2 groups in our daily life. We talk and get to know more people, and do things together. As a result, we are l 3 to take part in plenty of group tasks. We need to c 4 with others to complete meaningful team projects. For example, we can listen carefully, share ideas, and solve problems together. During these projects, we will p 5 meet all kinds of unexpected difficulties. Sometimes, we may go t 6 lonely and tiring periods. Even then, we can bravely v 7 our own ideas at the right moment. We should r 8 positive whenever trouble comes. Remember that our efforts will pay o 9 sooner or later. It is a s 10 to give up before we try our best. 【答案】 1．adults 2．social 3．likely 4．cooperate 5．probably 6．through 7．voice 8．remain 9．off 10．shame 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要讲述了青少年应该培养耐心、勇气和团队合作等优良品质，以便为未来做好准备，承担责任，积极面对困难。 【详解】1．句意：当我们成为成年人时，我们将承担更多的责任。根据首字母和“take on more responsibilities”可知，此处指长大成为“成年人”，adult符合语境；主语we为复数，表语也应用复数形式，故填adults。 2．句意：我们将在日常生活中加入不同的社交团体。根据首字母和“groups”“talk and get to know more people”可知，此处指“社交”团体，需用形容词修饰名词groups，social“社交的”符合语境 3．句意：因此，我们很可能会参与大量的团队任务。根据首字母和“are...to take part in”可知，此处考查be likely to do sth.“很可能做某事”，likely“可能的”符合语境。 4．句意：我们需要与他人合作来完成有意义的团队项目。根据首字母和“with others to complete meaningful team projects”可知，此处指“合作”，need to后接动词原形，cooperate“合作”符合语境。 5．句意：在这些项目中，我们可能会遇到各种意想不到的困难。根据首字母和“meet all kinds of unexpected difficulties”可知，此处表示“可能”，需用副词修饰动词meet，probably“可能”符合语境。 6．句意：有时，我们可能会经历孤独而疲惫的时期。根据首字母和“go...lonely and tiring periods”可知，此处考查go through“经历；度过”，故填through。 7．句意：即使在那时，我们也可以在合适的时机勇敢地表达自己的想法。根据首字母和“our own ideas”可知，此处指“表达；说出”想法，can后接动词原形，voice“表达；说出”符合语境。 8．句意：每当麻烦来临时，我们应该保持积极。根据首字母和“positive whenever trouble comes”可知，此处指“保持”积极状态，should后接动词原形，remain“保持”符合语境。 9．句意：记住，我们的努力迟早会有回报。根据首字母和“our efforts will pay...”可知，此处考查pay off“得到回报；取得成功”，故填off。 10．句意：在竭尽全力之前就放弃是一种遗憾。根据首字母和“to give up before we try our best”可知，此处指这样做是“遗憾；羞耻”的事，a后接可数名词单数，shame“遗憾的事；羞耻”符合语境。 Passage 2 根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。 My grandfather is a man with a strong will. He was b 1 in a poor family and had to work hard from a young age. He always tells me the story of how he became a doctor. When he was 18, he d 2 to become a doctor. But his family couldn’t a 3 to send him to medical school. Instead of g 4 up, he worked during the day and studied at night. He saved every penny he could. After five years of hard work, he finally got into medical school. Even after he became a doctor, he faced many c 5 . He worked long hours and often had to d 6 with difficult patients. But he never let anything stop him. He always said, “Difficulties are just c 7 to become stronger.” Now my grandfather is retired, but he still helps people in n 8 . He often goes to the community centre to give free health a 9 . He has inspired many people with his kindness and determination. I hope I can be someone l 10 him when I grow up. 【答案】 1．born 2．decided 3．afford 4．giving 5．challenges 6．deal 7．chances 8．need 9．advice 10．like 【导语】本文讲述了作者的祖父出身贫寒，凭借顽强意志克服重重困难成为一名医生，退休之后依旧热心帮助他人，深深激励着作者的故事。 【详解】1．句意：他出生在一个贫困家庭，从小就不得不努力干活。根据“in a poor family”可知，此处表达出生，结合所给首字母，固定搭配be born表示“出生”，符合语境，故填born。 2．句意：在他 18 岁的时候，他决定成为一名医生。根据“When he was 18”可知时态为一般过去时，结合“to become a doctor”以及首字母，decide表示“决定”符合语境，decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，decide的过去式为decided。 3．句意：但是他的家庭负担不起送他去医学院上学的费用。根据“couldn’t”以及“to send him to medical school”，结合首字母，固定搭配afford to do sth.表示“负担得起做某事”符合语境，情态动词couldn’t后接动词原形，故填afford。 4．句意：他没有放弃，而是白天工作，晚上学习。根据后文“he worked during the day and studied at night”可知他没有放弃，结合首字母，固定搭配give up表示“放弃”符合语境，介词of后面接动名词形式，give的动名词为giving。 5．句意：甚至在他成为一名医生之后，他面临许多困难。根据“faced many”以及后文讲述的种种难处，结合首字母，challenge表示“挑战，困难”符合语境，many后接可数名词复数，故填challenges。 6．句意：他工作时间很长，并且常常要应对难相处的病人。根据“with difficult patients”，结合首字母，固定搭配deal with表示“处理，应对”符合语境，had to后面接动词原形，故填deal。 7．句意：他总是说：“困难只是变得更强大的机会。” 根据“Difficulties are just…to become stronger”，结合首字母，chance表示“机会”符合语境，主语Difficulties为复数，此处用复数形式chances。 8．句意：现在我的祖父退休了，但他仍然帮助处于困境中的人们。根据“helps people”，结合首字母，固定搭配in need表示“在困境中，有需要的”符合语境，故填need。 9．句意：他经常去社区中心提供免费的健康建议。根据“give free health”，结合首字母，advice表示“建议”符合语境，为不可数名词，health advice意为“健康建议”。 10．句意：我希望我长大后能成为像他一样的人。根据“be someone … him”，结合首字母，like表示“像……一样”符合语境，故填like。 Passage 3 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为66-75的相应位置。 Have you ever felt anxious (焦虑的) about a maths question? N 1 everyone may have this feeling at some time. What may not seem so obvious is that many other people have felt the same way and that maths anxiety is a r 2 problem. Even the Maths Anxiety Trust (数学焦虑症信托基金会) has been set up to r 3 the awareness (意识). A survey for the trust found more than a third of 13 to 15-year-olds feel anxious when they are s 4 a math problem. The same happens to one in five a 5 . Celia Hoyles, professor of mathematics education at University College London says, “With maths, there’s a right or a wrong answer and that’s why people can feel so anxious—they are afraid of looking s 6 .” One problem that needs to be dealt with is how maths is taught. “We need teachers to see o 7 points of view. In this way, they can understand where pupils are finding aspects of the subject d 8 . As a result, pupils can be e 9 to solve their problems. In the past few years, many education technology products have been designed. But it isn’t e 10 to teach maths with pictures and games. Learning technology needs to be designed with deep understanding of how pupils learn and a healthy reality check around how teachers want to use it. 【答案】 1．Nearly 2．real 3．raise 4．solving 5．adults 6．stupid 7．other 8．difficult 9．encouraged 10．enough 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了数学焦虑这一现象的普遍性、产生的原因以及应对方法，包括提高意识、改进教学方式和合理利用教育技术。 【详解】1．句意：几乎每个人都可能在某个时候有这种感觉。根据“What may not seem so obvious is that many other people have felt the same way and that maths anxiety is a...problem.”和首字母N及语境可知，此处是指几乎每个人在某个时候都会有数学焦虑，nearly表示“几乎”，符合语境，位于句首首字母大写。 2．句意：数学焦虑是一个真实的问题。结合“maths anxiety is a...problem”和首字母r可知，这里是指真实的问题，要填real“真的”，修饰名词problem，作定语。 3．句意：甚至成立了数学焦虑症信托基金会来提高意识。结合“...the awareness”和首字母r可知，这里是指提高意识，to后接动词原形表示目的，要填raise，意为“提高”。 4．句意：一项针对信托基金的调查发现超过三分之一的13至15岁青少年在解决数学问题时感到焦虑。结合“a math problem”和首字母s可知，这里是指解决数学问题，solve“解决”符合，are后接动词现在分词构成现在进行时，要填solve的现在分词solving。 5．句意：五分之一的成年人也是如此。one in five后接复数名词，根据首字母a及与青少年的对比可知，这里是指成年人，要填adults。 6．句意：他们害怕看起来愚蠢。结合“there’s a right or a wrong answer and that’s why people can feel so anxious—they are afraid of looking...”和首字母s可知，这里是指看起来愚蠢，look为系动词，后接形容词作表语，要填stupid，意为“愚蠢的”。 7．句意：我们需要老师看到其他观点。结合文章可知，老师不能只站在自己的角度，也要看到学生的其他想法，此处修饰名词短语points of view，根据首字母o可知，要填other，意为“其他的”。 8．句意：这样他们就能理解学生发现该学科的哪些方面困难。结合“finding aspects of the subject...”可知，这里是指发现该学科的哪些方面有困难，find sth. adj.表示“发现某物……”，根据首字母d可知，要填difficult，意为“困难的”。 9．句意：结果，学生可以被鼓励去解决他们的问题。结合“pupils can be...to solve their problems.”和首字母e可知，这里是指学生被鼓励去解决问题，encourage“鼓励”符合，can be后接过去分词构成被动语态，encourage的过去分词为encouraged。 10．句意：但仅用图片和游戏教数学是不够的。结合“Learning technology needs to be designed with deep understanding of how pupils learn and a healthy reality check around how teachers want to use it.”和首字母e可知，这里是指仅用图片和游戏教数学是不够的，isn’t后接形容词作表语，要填enough，意为“足够的”。 Passage 4 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。 13-year-old Chinese girl Yu Zidi shone in the swimming pool at the 20th Aichi-Nagoya Asian Games. The teenager won three gold medals at her first Asian Games. She is r 1 as a rising swimming star by a wide audience. Her excellent performance made her the youngest MVP in Asian Games history. Yu was born in Baoding, Hebei Province in 2012. Her swimming story started by accident. W 2 she was six years old, she went to a water park with her father. Her coach Li Chao found that swimming could s 3 her natural talent in water. From then on, she went to the pool to train every day after school. The road to success was never smooth. The difficulties she faced were beyond many people’s i 4 . She once suffered from huge s 5 from training and schoolwork. At that time, she felt so tired that she even considered giving up swimming. With encouragement from her parents and coaches, she chose to face the challenge b 6 . She managed to achieve a balance between training and her lessons and stayed f 7 on every practice. Little by little, her efforts paid off. “I am confident in m 8 . I will keep improving my skills and compete in the Olympic Games one day.” Yu said to a reporter from China Daily. Yu’s growth tells us t 9 talent alone cannot bring success. It is perseverance and courage that help us go t 10 difficulties and move forward. 【答案】 1．regarded 2．When 3．show 4．imagination 5．stress 6．bravely 7．focused 8．myself 9．that 10．through 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文（新闻报道），主要讲述了13岁中国游泳选手于子迪在亚运会上取得优异成绩及其背后的成长故事，强调了坚持和勇气的重要性。 【详解】1．句意：她被广大观众视为一颗冉冉升起的游泳明星。be regarded as为固定搭配，意为“被视为……”，此处是被动语态结构，需用过去分词。故填regarded。 2．句意：当她六岁时，她和父亲去了一个水上公园。根据句意及首字母，此处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，句首首字母大写。故填When。 3．句意：她的教练李超发现游泳可以展现她在水中的天赋。结合“her natural talent in water”和首字母“s”提示可知，是展示天赋，show意为“展示”，符合语境。could为情态动词，后接动词原形。故填show。 4．句意：她面临的困难超出了许多人的想象。beyond one’s imagination为固定短语，意为“超出某人的想象”，many people’s后接名词复数或不可数名词，此处用不可数名词。故填imagination。 5．句意：她曾经遭受来自训练和学业的巨大压力。结合句意和首字母“s”提示可知，训练和学业带来的是压力。huge为形容词，修饰名词，stress意为“压力”，符合训练和学业带来的负担语境，是不可数名词。故填stress。 6．句意：在父母和教练的鼓励下，她选择勇敢地面对挑战。结合“face” 和首字母“b”提示可知，她选择勇敢地面对挑战；此处修饰动词face，需用副词形式，bravely是副词，意为“勇敢地”。故填bravely。 7．句意：并在每次练习中保持专注。stay为系动词，后接形容词作表语，focused 意为“专注的”，stay focused on“专注于”，为常用搭配。故填focused。 8．句意：我对自己有信心。be confident in oneself “对自己有信心”，固定短语；主语是I，介词in后接反身代词表示“对自己”，I的反身代词是myself。故填myself。 9．句意：于子迪的成长告诉我们，仅靠天赋不能带来成功。此处引导宾语从句，从句结构完整，只起连接作用，无实际意义，用that。故填that。 10．句意：是毅力和勇气帮助我们渡过困难并向前迈进。go through为固定短语，意为“经历；渡过”，符合克服困难的语境。故填through。 Passage 5 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。 Younger people’s ideas about online life are changing. A new idea called “digital detox (数字排毒)” has appeared. This means teenagers don’t check social media at all times just for likes. I 1 , they care more about real-life communication and face-to-face talks. Digital detox encourages people not to use their phones too much. Unlike traditional habits, it makes people put down their phones and pays more a 2 to the true rest. This idea has become popular with younger people and has influenced their d 3 lives. This change shows that young people c 4 about different things now. Many young people are starting to realize that having many online friends doesn’t bring true happiness. Without worrying about following fashions, they are more interested in personal growth and building real social relationships. B 5 of this, they pay much attention to their inner needs. Besides focusing on real communication, they also start to care about how screens influence their health. This new way of thinking helps young people notice bigger problems l 6 poor eyesight and sleep loss. They know that using phones too much can be b 7 for their health, causing plenty of unnecessary tiredness. So they choose to s 8 to a healthier lifestyle. It is changing what people do and making life different. What’s m 9 , the idea of digital detox is also bringing changes in society. Schools are being pushed to take students’ mental health more seriously (重视). They f 10 on real communication skills when planning activities. In a word, digital detox helps young people live a better balanced life. 【答案】 1．Instead 2．attention 3．daily 4．care 5．Because 6．like 7．bad 8．stick 9．more 10．focus 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了年轻人关于网络生活观念的转变，介绍了“数字排毒”这一新概念，以及它如何影响年轻人的日常生活、健康观念和社会活动。 【详解】1．句意：相反，他们更关心现实生活中的交流和面对面的谈话。分析句子结构，前一句说青少年不再时刻查看社交媒体，本句说他们更关注现实交流，前后构成转折对比关系。结合首字母I可知，Instead意为“相反”，符合语境。故填Instead。 2．句意：它让人们放下手机，更多地关注真正的休息。分析句子结构，pay attention to是固定短语，意为“注意、关注”。结合首字母a可知，attention为不可数名词，符合语境。故填attention。 3．句意：这个想法已经在年轻人中流行起来，并影响了他们的日常生活。分析句子结构，此处修饰名词lives，需要形容词。结合首字母d可知，daily lives意为“日常生活”，符合语境。故填daily。 4．句意：这种变化表明年轻人现在关心不同的事情。分析句子结构，主语是young people，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用原形；care about是固定短语，意为“关心”。结合首字母c可知，care意为“关心”，符合语境。故填care。 5．句意：正因为如此，他们非常关注自己的内在需求。分析句子结构，because of是固定短语，意为“因为，由于”，后接名词或代词this。结合首字母B可知，Because意为“因为”，句首首字母大写，符合语境。故填Because。 6．句意：这种新的思维方式帮助年轻人注意到更大的问题，比如视力差和睡眠不足。分析句子结构，此处用来列举problems的具体例子。结合首字母l可知，like作介词意为“像，比如”，符合语境。故填like。 7．句意：他们知道过度使用手机可能对他们的健康有害。分析句子结构，be动词后接形容词作表语；be bad for是固定短语，意为“对……有害”，与后文造成疲惫相呼应。结合首字母b可知，bad意为“有害的”，符合语境。故填bad。 8．句意：所以他们选择坚持更健康的生活方式。分析句子结构，choose to do sth.意为“选择做某事”，此处填动词原形；stick to是固定短语，意为“坚持”。结合首字母s可知，stick意为“坚持”，符合语境。故填stick。 9．句意：此外，数字排毒的理念也给社会带来了变化。分析句子结构，what’s more是固定短语，意为“此外，而且”，用于引出递进内容。结合首字母m可知，more符合语境。故填more。 10．句意：他们在策划活动时专注于真实的沟通技巧。分析句子结构，主语是They，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用原形；focus on是固定短语，意为“专注于”。结合首字母f可知，focus意为“专注”，符合语境。故填focus。 Passage 6 Are you an introvert (someone who likes being alone) or an extrovert (someone who enjoys being with others)? Many people will be able to answer that question a 1 . They may see it as one of those things that cannot be changed. But a new study says something c 2 : how extroverted you are can change over time. It d 3 on how you handle (应对) your stress. The study found that as people get better at d 4 with their stress, they become more extroverted and open to new experiences. The researchers f 5 more than 2,000 people over an 18-year period from early middle age. During those 18 years, the people in the study completed the diaries three times. Each time, they wrote for eight days. In their diaries, they talked about their feelings, their personality, and the things that made them stressed. Lead author William Chopik said, “The cool thing about this study is that, as you got better at handling stress day by day, you also became more extroverted, agreeable, and o 6 to new experiences over time.” He added, “These s 7 improvements add up and change your personality over time.” However, he said that the opposite was also t 8 . The study showed that people who found it difficult to handle stress became more introverted, less agreeable, and less open to new experiences. Though the study didn’t talk about how to better handle stress, Chopik said that its results can give people a little hope. He explained, “If you can find ways to m 9 your feelings, you might be able to change your personality slowly.” Chopik also said that people who are more extroverted, agreeable, and open to new experiences are more l 10 to be happier. 【答案】 1．accurately 2．contrary 3．depends 4．dealing 5．followed 6．open 7．small 8．true 9．manage 10．likely 【导语】本文主要讲述了一项新研究，该研究发现人的性格（内向或外向）并非一成不变，而是会随着时间以及应对压力能力的变化而改变。 【详解】1．句意：很多人可以准确地回答那个问题。前文“Are you an introvert (someone who likes being alone) or an extrovert (someone who enjoys being with others)?”提出内向还是外向的问题，很多人能够给出答案。动词answer需要副词修饰，在句中作状语，首字母a对应accurately，意为“准确地”。 2．句意：但是一项新研究表明相反的情况：你的外向程度会随时间变化。前一句“They may see it as one of those things that cannot be changed.”表明人们认为性格无法改变，But表转折，说明新研究观点不一样。不定代词something后接形容词作后置定语，首字母c对应contrary，意为“相反的”。 3．句意：这取决于你如何应对你的压力。前文提出人的外向程度会随时间改变，本句介绍性格变化由应对压力的方式决定。depend on意为“取决于”，固定短语。主语It为第三人称单数，一般现在时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，首字母d对应depends。 4．句意：研究发现，当人们越来越擅长应对压力时，他们会变得更加外向，更愿意接受新体验。deal with意为“处理，应对”，get better at doing sth.表示“更擅长做某事”，at是介词，后接动名词，首字母d对应dealing。 5．句意：研究人员从中年早期开始，对2000多人进行了长达18年的跟踪调查。后文“over an 18-year period”说明这项研究持续跟踪受试者，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，动词在句中作谓语，首字母f对应followed，意为“跟踪，追踪”。 6．句意：随着你日益擅长处理压力，随着时间推移你也会变得更外向、更随和，并且对新体验更开放。此处与前文“open to new experiences”完全呼应，and连接三个并列的形容词，首字母o对应open。 7．句意：这些微小的改善日积月累，久而久之会改变你的性格。此处需用形容词修饰名词improvements，“improvements add up”说明每次进步不大，是“小的”改善叠加起来的结果，首字母s对应small，意为“微小的”。 8．句意：然而，他说相反的情况也成立。前文讲善于处理压力会变得外向，后文“The study showed that people who found it difficult to handle stress became more introverted...”说明不会处理压力会变得更内向，也就是相反的情况同样成立。形容词在句中作表语，首字母t对应true，the opposite is (also) true表示“反之亦然，相反情况也为真”，固定表达。 9．句意：如果你能找到方法管理你的情绪，你或许可以慢慢改变你的性格。ways to do sth.意为“做某事的方法”，to后接动词原形；后文“your feelings”搭配manage表示管理情绪，首字母m对应manage，意为“管理，掌控”。 10．句意：Chopik还说，更外向、随和、乐于接受新体验的人更有可能感到快乐。be likely to do sth.意为“有可能做某事”，形容词在句中作表语，首字母l对应likely，意为“可能的”。 Passage 7 请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 Growing up as a junior three student, I used to think youth was full of sunshine and joy. However, as I grow older, I gradually meet countless troubles that only teenagers can understand. These small troubles made my teenage days m 1 with bitterness and growth. The biggest trouble comes from my heavy schoolwork and inner anxiety. The senior high school entrance examination is approaching day by day, leaving me little time to r 2 . Every day, I am buried in endless exercises and exams. Last month, I spent several nights reviewing my lessons, but my math score still d 3 sharply. Staring at the score, I felt helpless and doubted myself. I was afraid of falling behind and l 4 my parents and teachers down, and this worry haunted (缠绕，萦绕) me every night. Besides study pressure, the gap between my parents and me also bothers me. I long for understanding and private space, but my parents only f 5 on my grades. They always compare me with excellent classmates and keep asking me to study harder. Once I wanted to share my unhappiness with them, they just blamed me for being distracted (分心的). I had to h 6 my feelings silently and became more sensitive and lonely. I also feel confused about interpersonal (人际的) relationships. I try to be friendly to everyone, but I still cannot a 7 small conflicts with friends. Sometimes a casual misunderstanding will make our relationship awkward (别扭的). I always care too much about others' attitudes and force myself to cater to (迎合) others, which makes me tired inside. Later, I slowly realize that these troubles are necessary parts of growth. No growth is s 8 . Troubles teach me to be strong, calm and tolerant. Now I learn to adjust (调节)my mood, face pressure bravely and communicate with others a 9 . Those youthful troubles are no longer burdens (负担), but valuable e 10 that help me become a better self. 【答案】 1．mixed 2．relax/rest 3．dropped 4．letting 5．focus 6．hide 7．avoid 8．smooth 9．actively 10．experiences 【导语】本文讲述了一名初三学生成长中遇到的学业压力、与父母的代沟以及人际交往等烦恼，并从中领悟到烦恼是成长的必经之路，让人变得更坚强成熟。 【详解】1．句意：这些小小的烦恼让我的少年时光交织着苦涩与成长。后文“with bitterness and growth”说明少年时光同时包含苦涩与成长两种成分，以“m”为首字母且表示“混合”的单词为mixed，作宾语补足语。 2．句意：中考一天天临近，留给我放松/休息的时间很少。前文“heavy schoolwork”与“little time to”说明学业繁重、几乎没有时间放松休息，以“r”为首字母且表示“放松/休息”的单词为relax或rest，不定式to后接动词原形。 3．句意：上个月，我花了几个晚上复习功课，但我的数学成绩仍然大幅下降。前文“spent several nights reviewing”与“but...still”形成转折，说明成绩不升反降，以“d”为首字母且表示“下降”的单词为“drop”，描述过去发生的事用一般过去时，故填dropped。 4．句意：我害怕落后，害怕让父母和老师失望。前文“afraid of falling behind”提示此处表示“让……失望”，以“l”为首字母且表示“让”的单词为“let”，与falling并列作介词of的宾语，用动名词letting。 5．句意：我渴望理解和私人空间，但父母只关注我的成绩。后文“on my grades”提示父母把注意力集中在成绩上，以“f”为首字母且表示“关注”的单词为focus，主语为复数，用原形。 6．句意：我只好默默隐藏自己的感受，变得更加敏感和孤独。前文“they just blamed me”说明沟通失败，作者只能隐藏情绪，以“h”为首字母且表示“隐藏”的单词为hide，had to后接动词原形。 7．句意：我努力对每个人友好，但仍然无法避免和朋友之间的小冲突。前文“cannot”与后文“small conflicts”说明无法避开冲突，以“a”为首字母且表示“避免”的单词为avoid，情态动词cannot后接动词原形。 8．句意：没有成长是一帆风顺的。后文“Troubles teach me to be strong, calm and tolerant”说明成长伴随烦恼，并不一帆风顺，以“s”为首字母且表示“顺利的”的单词为smooth，作表语。 9．句意：现在我学会调节情绪、勇敢面对压力并积极地与他人沟通。前文“face pressure bravely”提示以积极态度面对，此处修饰动词communicate需用副词，以“a”为首字母且表示“积极地”的单词为actively。 10．句意：那些青春烦恼不再是负担，而是帮助我成为更好自己的宝贵经历。前文“no longer burdens”与“but”形成转折，说明烦恼变成了宝贵的经历，以“e”为首字母且表示“经历”的单词为experience，此处指多段经历，用复数experiences。 Passage 8 请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 An increasing number of teenagers and young adults are having problems sleeping because of great study pressure or the overuse of the smartphone, as health experts call for families and schools to pay greater a 1 to the sleep quality of the youth. Lu Lin, a famous psychologist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that while sleep disorders are believed to m 2 influence middle-aged adults and the elderly, more and more youngsters said they get poor sleep and even need to take sleeping pills. The study s 3 that insomnia (失眠症), breathing problems during sleep and other sleep disorders influence about 36 percent of seniors and 26 percent of adults in China, according to Lu, who is also president of Peking University Sixth Hospital. Sleep plays an important role in the normal d 4 of the mind and body, and the lack of sleep could harm the cognitive capacities (认知能力) of children and teenagers. Then they suffer from poor memory and fail to stay f 5 . Lu m 6 that children and teenagers should have at least eight hours of sleep per day. “However, I have young patients who only sleep five hours a day. They go to bed after the last class f 7 at 11:00 p.m. and wake up as early as 5:30 a.m. for an early workout,” he said during an event held over the weekend ahead of this year’s World Sleep Day on Thursday. Lu also said that a large number of children cannot m 8 their time and begin having health problems that can influence them for the rest of their lives. What’s more, he believed that it is necessary to tell families and schools the importance of sleep and ask them not to put high s 9 on school grades over sleep and health. Liu Yanjiao, from Guang’anmen Hospital, suggested a short period of sleep during the day for anyone who slept late or e 10 sleep problems before. He also advised young people not to depend on sleeping pills. 【答案】 1．attention 2．mostly/mainly 3．shows 4．development 5．focused 6．mentioned 7．finishes 8．manage 9．stress 10．experienced 【导语】本文主要讲述了越来越多的青少年和年轻人因学习压力和过度使用手机而出现睡眠问题，健康专家呼吁家庭和学校重视睡眠质量，并给出了相关建议。 【详解】1．句意：越来越多的青少年和年轻人因为巨大的学习压力或过度使用智能手机而出现睡眠问题，健康专家呼吁家庭和学校更加关注年轻人的睡眠质量。该处需一个名词，在句中作宾语；根据“pay greater … to the sleep quality of the youth”，提示语义与“关注”相关；固定搭配“pay attention to”表示“关注”。结合首字母“a”，故填attention。 2．句意：中国科学院著名心理学家陆林表示，虽然睡眠障碍被认为主要影响中年人和老年人，但越来越多的年轻人表示他们睡眠质量差，甚至需要服用安眠药。该处需一个副词，在句中作状语；根据“sleep disorders are believed to … influence middle-aged adults and the elderly”，提示语义与“主要地”相关。结合首字母“m”，故填mainly/mostly。 3．句意：该研究显示，失眠、睡眠期间的呼吸问题和其他睡眠障碍影响了中国约36%的老年人和26%的成年人。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语；根据“The study … that insomnia...”，提示语义与“显示”相关；主语“The study”为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。结合首字母“s”，故填shows。 4．句意：睡眠在身心的正常发育中起着重要作用，缺乏睡眠可能会损害儿童和青少年的认知能力。该处需一个名词，在句中作介词宾语；根据“Sleep plays an important role in the normal … of the mind and body”，提示语义与“发育”相关。结合首字母“d”，故填development。 5．句意：然后他们记忆力差，无法保持专注。该处需一个形容词，在句中作表语；根据“they suffer from poor memory and fail to stay …”，提示语义与“专注”相关。结合首字母“f”，故填focused。 6．句意：陆林提到儿童和青少年每天应该至少有八小时的睡眠。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语；根据“Lu … that children and teenagers should have at least eight hours of sleep per day”，提示语义与“提到”相关；本句为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。结合首字母“m”，故填mentioned。 7．句意：他们晚上11点上完最后一节课后去睡觉，早上5:30起床进行早锻炼。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语；根据“They go to bed after the last class … at 11:00 p.m.”，提示语义与“结束”相关；主语“the last class”为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。结合首字母“f”，故填finishes。 8．句意：陆还说，大量儿童无法管理自己的时间，开始出现可能影响他们余生的健康问题。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语；根据“a large number of children cannot … their time”，提示语义与“管理”相关；情态动词“cannot”后接动词原形。结合首字母“m”，故填manage。 9．句意：更重要的是，他认为有必要告诉家庭和学校睡眠的重要性，并请他们不要把学校成绩看得比睡眠和健康更重要。该处需一个名词，在句中作宾语；根据“ask them not to put high … on school grades over sleep and health”，提示语义与“压力”相关。结合首字母“s”，故填stress。 10．句意：来自广安门医院的刘艳娇建议，任何睡得晚或以前经历过睡眠问题的人，白天可以小睡一会儿。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语；根据“anyone who slept late or … sleep problems before”，提示语义与“经历”相关；本句描述过去发生的情况，谓语动词用过去式。结合首字母“e”，故填experienced。 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $