Unit 2 Success 语法（冠词+词汇运用）导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语北师大版选择性必修第一册

Unit 2 Success 语法（冠词＋词汇运用）导学案 北师大版高中英语 · 选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 Success 一、核心知识：冠词（Articles） 英语中的冠词分为不定冠词（a / an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（即不用冠词）。 （1） 不定冠词 a / an：用于单数可数名词前，表示泛指——“一个”“某一个”“每一”或“同一”。 For a lot of people, becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success. 注意：a 用于辅音音素开头的词前（a university, a European country），an 用于元音音素开头的词前（an hour, an honest boy, an 86-year-old scientist）。 （2） 定冠词 the：表示特指——指特定的人或物、上文已提到过的人或物，或双方都知道的事物。 常见用法： ① 世上独一无二的事物（the sun, the moon）； Huawei has become one of the world's largest companies ... ② 序数词和形容词最高级前（the first Chinese competitor, the best player）； ③ 乐器名称前（play the piano）； ④ the + 姓氏复数，表示“一家人”（the Smiths）； ⑤ the + 形容词，表示一类人（the old, the young，谓语用复数）。 （三）零冠词： ① 复数名词或不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词（Success means different things to different people.）； ② 球类运动、三餐、学科、语言名称前（play basketball, have lunch, study physics）； ③ 节日前（at Christmas）、by + 交通工具（by bus）。 （四）易错提醒 ① 判断用 a 还是 an 看发音不看字母：a university, a useful book, an hour, an 86-year-old man。 ② 西洋乐器前加 the（play the violin），球类运动前不加（play football）。 ③ the + 姓氏复数表示“某某一家人”或“某某夫妇”，谓语用复数：The Browns are having dinner. ④ 最高级、序数词前通常加 the；副词最高级前的 the 可省略。固定搭配中的冠词需整体记忆：a symbol of ... 的象征；a sense of ... 感；the same 相同的；the only 唯一的。 第一部分 语法练习 A ------ 单句语法填空·冠词专练（在空白处填入 a / an / the 或 /（零冠词）） 1. ________ success means different things to different people. 2. Yuan Longping is one of ________ most influential scientists in agriculture. 3. She dreams of becoming ________ astronaut when she grows up. 4. My father plays ________ basketball every weekend, but my mother plays ________ piano. 5. ________ Smiths are having dinner at home now. 6. He earned ________ fortune by writing children's books. 7. He is ________ honest boy, and we all trust him. 8. We usually have ________ lunch at twelve at school. 9. The reporter interviewed ________ 86-year-old physicist yesterday. 10. She has ________ good knowledge of both Chinese and Western painting. 语法练习 B ------ 翻译句子（根据中文意思完成句子，注意冠词的使用） 1. 失败是成功之母。 2. 他是我们学校最勤奋的学生之一。 3. 昨天，一位八十岁的老人给学生们做了一场励志报告。 4. 这本书给了我面对困难的勇气。 5. 布朗一家人周末经常去爬山。 语法练习 C ------ 语篇填空（在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式） At the 2026 WorldSkills Competition（世界技能大赛）held in Lyon（里昂）, 21-year-old Li Hao from Wuhan won 1.______ gold medal in CNC machining（数控铣）, becoming 2.______ first Chinese competitor to take the title in this event. Li grew up in a small town where his father repaired bicycles. Before the competition, he spent four years 3.______ (practise) eight hours a day. “4.______ (make) parts that fit perfectly requires both patience and skill,” he said. His teacher, 5.______ has coached him since 2022, called him the most patient student he had ever met. After the competition, Li returned to his training centre and 6.______ (begin) to teach younger students. He now 7.______ (share) his skills online as well. “A good craftsperson（工匠）is 8.______ artist,” he said. “We build the future with 9.______ (we) own hands.” He hopes 10.______ (inspire) more teenagers to choose skilled work. 语法练习 D ------ 构词法专项（用括号内单词的适当形式填空） 1. Hard work leads to ________ (succeed). 2. ________ (fortune), he failed the interview because he was late. 3. The player recovered from his ________ (injure) in six months. 4. The discovery won her international ________ (recognise). 5. What he needs most now is ________ (motivate). 6. The project succeeded through close ________ (cooperate) between the two teams. 7. She is ________ (devote) to helping children in poor areas. 8. More than five hundred ________ (compete) took part in the game. 9. She made a ________ (decide) to study medicine after the trip. 10. The training improved his ________ (able) to focus. 第二部分 A. 阅读理解 ------ China's First “Museum of Failure” In September 2026, Nanjing University（南京大学）opened the country's first “Museum of Failure”. Instead of medals and certificates, the exhibition displays failed experiments, rejected papers and broken prototypes（原型样机）from some of China's best-known scientists. Visitors can see the records of Yuan Longping's early hybrid rice experiments that failed in the 1970s, and read Tu Youyou's research notes listing more than 200 herbs her team tested before finding artemisinin（青蒿素）. The museum also has a corner for ordinary people. Students and visitors are invited to write “failure cards” describing their own setbacks（挫折）and what they learned from them. Within a month, more than 3,000 cards had been collected. One visitor wrote: “I failed my physics exam twice. Seeing these exhibits, I finally felt I was not alone.” “We celebrate success so loudly that young people start to believe failure is shameful,” said Professor Qian, the museum's curator（馆长）. “But behind every success there is a long line of failures. Our aim is not to praise failing, but to make failure worth studying.” Psychologists welcome the idea, with one warning. Dr Sun Li says such exhibitions work only when they push visitors to reflect. “Simply looking at other people's failures changes nothing,” she said. “The key question is always: what will you do differently next time?” The university plans to take the exhibition to ten more campuses next year. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1. What can visitors see in the Museum of Failure?　 A. Medals and certificates of famous scientists.　 B. Failed experiments and rejected papers of well-known scientists.　 C. The first hybrid rice plant in China.　 D. Successful business plans of university students. 2. Why are visitors invited to write “failure cards”?　 A. To choose the best writers for a prize.　B. To collect stories for a newspaper.　 C. To share their setbacks and lessons, making failure easier to face.　D. To evaluate the museum's exhibition. 3. The underlined sentence “I finally felt I was not alone” suggests that the visitor ______.　 A. found many friends at the museum　B. realised failure is common, even among great scientists　 C. passed the physics exam at last　D. decided to become a scientist 4. What does Dr Sun Li think of the museum?　 A. It is useless because failure cannot be exhibited.　B. It helps only if visitors reflect on what to do differently.　C. It should stop collecting failure cards.　D. It should display more medals instead. 5. Which is the best title for the passage?　 A. A Museum Where Failure Is on Display　B. The History of Nanjing University　 C. How to Pass Physics Exams　D. Why Scientists Never Fail B. 七选五 ------ How to Bounce Back from Failure Everyone fails — an exam, a match, an interview. What separates those who grow from those who give up is not talent but the way they respond. Here are four steps that help. 1.______　Give yourself an evening to feel disappointed, not a month. Sadness is natural; staying in it is a choice. Second, look for the lesson, not the culprit（责任人）. 2.______　Ask “What can I learn from this?” instead of “Whose fault is it?” The first question moves you forward; the second keeps you stuck. Third, talk to someone you trust. 3.______　A friend, a coach or a teacher can often see the situation more clearly than you can, because they are not inside it. Finally, try again — but smarter. 4.______　Change your method, your plan or your goal, not your dream. Every attempt gives you new information. 5.______　Failure is not the opposite of success; it is one of its necessary ingredients（要素）. The only true failure is the failure to try again. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A. First, allow yourself to feel bad — briefly. B. Blaming others protects your feelings and solves the problem. C. A friend or a coach can help you see the situation more clearly. D. Blame wastes energy; lessons build ability. E. Successful people never fail, so failure means you should quit. F. Use what you learned to change your plan, not to abandon your goal. G. In short, treat failure as a teacher, not as a final judgement（判决）. C. 词汇考查 ------ 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. He is one of the most ________ (influence) writers of his time. 2. The prize gave the young scientist a golden ________ (opportune). 3. Her ________ (origin) plan was to become a doctor. 4. The film is based on a ________ (truth) story. 5. He ________ (contribution) greatly to the team's success. 6. The teacher's ________ (encourage) changed her attitude towards maths. 7. ________ (lucky), the fire caused no deaths. 8. His ________ (achieve) in physics surprised everyone. 9. She works with great ________ (enthusiastic). 10. The ________ (universe) truth is that practice makes perfect. 第三部分 读后续写 阅读下面短文，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Su Yue had played the violin for six years, but the school orchestra（管弦乐队）had rejected her twice. Each September she practised harder; each October she heard the same words: “Not this year.” Her mother suggested giving up gracefully. “You have tried twice,” she said. “Perhaps the violin is simply not for you.” But her teacher Mr Gao said only: “Play for the person you will be next year.” This September, Su Yue changed her method. She recorded herself every week, listened for the weakest measures（小节）, and practised them forty times each evening. Her notebook was filled with dates, numbers and small notes to herself. Two weeks before the audition（选拔）, however, she caught a bad cold and could barely practise. On the morning of the audition, she stood in front of the mirror, wondering if she was ready at all. Para 1: When her name was finally called, Su Yue walked into the room with her violin in her shaking hands. Para 2: The following Monday, Su Yue stopped in front of the notice board, her heart beating fast. 参考答案与解析 语法练习 A 1. /　2. the　3. an　4. /; the　5. The　6. a　7. an　8. /　9. an　10. a 1. /【解析】success 为抽象不可数名词，表示泛指时不用冠词。 2. the【解析】形容词最高级 most influential 前加定冠词 the。 3. an【解析】astronaut 以元音音素开头，泛指“一名宇航员”用 an。 4. /; the【解析】球类运动前用零冠词 play basketball；西洋乐器前加 the，play the piano。 5. The【解析】the + 姓氏复数表示“史密斯一家人”，句首大写。 6. a【解析】固定搭配 earn a fortune 发大财、赚了一大笔钱。 7. an【解析】honest 中 h 不发音，以元音音素开头，用 an。 8. /【解析】三餐名称前用零冠词，have lunch 吃午饭。 9. an【解析】“一位 86 岁的物理学家”泛指，eighty-six 以元音音素开头，用 an。 10. a【解析】have a good knowledge of ... 为固定搭配，意为“对……精通、了解”，knowledge 前用不定冠词 a。 语法练习 B（翻译句子） 1. Failure is the mother of success. 2. He is one of the most hard-working students in our school. 3. Yesterday an 80-year-old man gave the students a motivating talk/an inspiring talk. 4. This book gave me the courage to face difficulties. 5. The Browns often go climbing at the weekend / on weekends. 1.【解析】failure 与 success 均为抽象名词，表示泛指时用零冠词；“……之母”译为 the mother of。 2.【解析】one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词；“勤奋的”译为 hard-working。 3.【解析】“一位八十岁的”译为 an 80-year-old（80 写作 eighty，读音 /ˈeɪti/ 开头发音是 /eɪ/ → 元音音素，所以用 an，不是 a）；“励志报告”译为 a motivating talk。 4.【解析】抽象名词 courage 后接不定式作定语时具体化，前面加 the：the courage to face difficulties。 5.【解析】the + 姓氏复数 the Browns 表示“布朗一家人”；“爬山”译为 go climbing。 语法练习 C　答案：1. a　2. the　3. practising　4. Making　5. who　6. began　7. shares　8. an　9. our　10. to inspire 词性覆盖一览：冠词 3 个（a / an / the）、关系词 1 个、谓语动词 4 个、非谓语动词 2 个，兼顾本单元语法与高考常考点。 1. a【解析】gold medal 为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一枚金牌”，用 a。 2. the【解析】序数词 first 前加定冠词 the，表示“第一位中国选手”。 3. practising【解析】spend time (in) doing sth 花费时间做某事，介词 in 省略。 4. Making【解析】动词-ing形式作主语，“制造严丝合缝的零件”这件事需要耐心与技艺；句首大写。 5. who【解析】引导非限制性定语从句，先行词 His teacher 指人。 6. began【解析】与 returned 并列作谓语，叙述过去动作，用一般过去时 began。 7. shares【解析】由 now 及语境可知用一般现在时；主语 He 为第三人称单数。 8. an【解析】artist 以元音音素开头，泛指“一位艺术家”，用 an。 9. our【解析】修饰名词 hands 用形容词性物主代词 our，one's own 意为“某人自己的”。 10. to inspire【解析】hope to do sth 希望做某事，用不定式作宾语。 语法练习 D（构词法专项） 1. success　2. Unfortunately　3. injury　4. recognition　5. motivation　6. cooperation　7. devoted　8. competitors　9. decision　10. ability 1. success【解析】lead to + 名词，succeed → success，不可数。 2. Unfortunately【解析】修饰整个句子用副词，句首大写；由“因迟到而失败”可知用否定形式 Unfortunately。 3. injury【解析】形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词，injure → injury。 4. recognition【解析】形容词 international 后接名词，recognise → recognition。 5. motivation【解析】is 后接名词作表语；motivate → motivation，意为“动力”。 6. cooperation【解析】形容词 close 后接名词；cooperate → cooperation，不可数。 7. devoted【解析】be devoted to (doing) sth 致力于……，固定搭配。 8. competitors【解析】More than five hundred 后接复数名词；compete → competitor（参赛者）。 9. decision【解析】make a decision 做决定，固定搭配。 10. ability【解析】形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词，able → ability。 第二部分 A. 阅读理解　答案：1—5　B C B B A 1. B。细节理解题。第一段 “the exhibition displays failed experiments, rejected papers and broken prototypes from some of China's best-known scientists” 对应 B。干扰项分析：A 与首句 “Instead of medals and certificates” 相反；C 曲解（展品是实验记录而非第一株稻苗）；D 无中生有。 2. C。推理判断题。第二段学生卡片 “Seeing these exhibits, I finally felt I was not alone” 可推知，写卡片意在分享挫折与感悟、让失败更容易面对。A、B、D 无中生有。 3. B。句意推断题。看到著名科学家的失败记录后“不再感到孤单”，说明访客意识到失败很普遍，伟人也不例外。A 曲解；C 无中生有；D 过度推断。 4. B。观点态度题。末段 “such exhibitions work only when they push visitors to reflect” 与 B 同义。干扰项分析：A 与原文相反；C、D 无中生有。 5. A。标题归纳题。全文围绕国内首家“失败博物馆”的展品、目的与专家评价展开，A 抓核心。干扰项分析：B 以偏概全；C、D 无中生有（且 D 与文意相反：科学家也经历失败）。 第二部分 B. 七选五　答案：1—5　A D C F G（多余选项：B、E） 1. A。段首主题空。后文 Second / Third / Finally 表明本空为第一步；空后 “Give yourself an evening ... not a month” 正说明 A 中 feel bad — briefly（允许自己短暂难过）。 2. D。段中衔接空。本段主旨 “look for the lesson, not the culprit”，D 中 Blame wastes energy; lessons build ability 对仗解释该主旨，并引出空后两个问句的对比。 3. C。段中衔接空。本段主旨 “talk to someone”，C 中 A friend or a coach 复现 someone，空后 “they are not inside it” 解释 C 中 see the situation more clearly。 4. F。段中衔接空。前句 “try again — but smarter”，F 中 change your plan, not to abandon your goal 呼应 smarter；空后 “Change your method” 复现 F。 5. G。段首总结空。G 总结四步的实质，空后 “Failure is not the opposite of success” 呼应 G 中 treat failure as a teacher, not as a final judgement。 干扰项分析：B 为错误因果（责怪他人并不能解决问题，与第二段主旨相反）；E 为绝对化错误表述（成功的人也会失败，失败也不意味着应该放弃），两项均只满足一半语境。 第二部分 C. 词汇考查 1. influential　2. opportunity　3. original　4. true　5. contributed　6. encouragement　7. Luckily　8. achievement　9. enthusiasm　10. universal 1. influential【解析】the most + 形容词构成最高级，influence → influential。 2. opportunity【解析】a golden 后接可数名词单数；opportune → opportunity。 3. original【解析】修饰名词 plan 用形容词，意为“最初的”。 4. true【解析】a true story 真实的故事；truth 为名词，此处需形容词。 5. contributed【解析】作谓语，叙述过去动作用一般过去时；contribute to 为……作贡献。 6. encouragement【解析】名词所有格 teacher's 后接名词。 7. Luckily【解析】修饰整个句子用副词，句首大写。 8. achievement【解析】形容词性物主代词 His 后接名词，achieve → achievement。 9. enthusiasm【解析】great 后接名词，with great enthusiasm 怀着极大的热情。 10. universal【解析】修饰名词 truth 用形容词，universe → universal，意为“普遍的”。 第三部分 读后续写（评分说明） 评分点： ① 第一段承接段首句，写出演奏时的动作与心理（紧张、回忆练习方法、完成演奏），与原文“改变方法”的伏笔呼应； ② 第二段写出结果与升华（入选与否均可，重在感悟：为明年的自己而拉琴），不引入新冲突、不提前圆满； ③ 回收伏笔：老师的话“为明年的自己演奏”、感冒的影响、记录练习的笔记本； ④ 语言：以一般过去时为主，恰当使用本单元词汇（practise, reject, audition, make a decision 等）； ⑤ 词数 150 左右，两段之间过渡连贯。 范文：Para 1: When her name was finally called, Su Yue walked into the room with her violin in her shaking hands. She took a deep breath and thought of Mr Gao’s words: “Play for the person you will be next year.” Though her cold made her throat sore, she recalled all the tough practice: recording weekly, repeating weak measures forty times each night, and filling her notebook with practice records. She made a decision to play calmly. She raised the violin and played every note steadily, ignoring her discomfort. The whole room fell silent as the melody flowed smoothly. Para 2: The following Monday, Su Yue stopped in front of the notice board, her heart beating fast. She scanned the list carefully and found her name was still missing. Instead of feeling upset, she smiled peacefully. She took out her well-worn notebook and marked a new practice plan. She fully understood the teacher’s lesson. It was not the audition result that mattered, but the steady progress she made for next year’s better self. She would keep practising and never give up her love for the violin. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $