Unit 2 Success 语法（动词-ing形式+动词不定式+词汇运用）导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语北师大版选择性必修第一册

Unit 2 Success 语法（动名词与不定式作名词性成分）导学案 北师大版高中英语 · 选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 Success 一、核心知识：动词-ing形式（动名词）与动词不定式（to do）作名词性成分的对比 非谓语动词中，动词-ing形式（动名词）和动词不定式（to do）都能在句中起名词作用，可用作主语、宾语和表语，是书面表达中压缩句式、丰富表达的重要手段。二者的区别在于：动名词多表示泛指、习惯性、抽象的行为；不定式多表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作。 （一）作主语 ① 动词-ing形式作主语：表示一件事、一种行为（泛指、习惯），谓语动词通常用单数。例句：For a lot of people, becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success. / He discovered that having only a little money made him free. ② 动词不定式作主语：多表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作，常用 it 作形式主语把不定式后置：To finish the task in two days is difficult. → It is difficult to finish the task in two days. 常用句型：It is + adj./n. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth.，如 It is important (for us) to learn from mistakes. ③ 在某些谚语或抽象表述中二者可互换，意义差别不大：Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.（眼见为实。） （二）作宾语 ① 只接动词-ing形式的动词：enjoy, practise, suggest, avoid, mind, finish, keep, give up, imagine, consider 等； ② 介词后接动词-ing形式：look forward to doing, be used to doing, prefer doing A to doing B, instead of doing, without doing, spend time (in) doing, have difficulty (in) doing 等。例句：They spend half of their time dreaming up ways of getting rich. ③ 只接不定式 to do的动词（与-ing形式对比记忆）：want, wish, hope, expect, decide, plan, promise, offer, agree, refuse, learn, manage, afford, would like/love 等。例：He decided to work harder. / She promised to help us. / We can't afford to waste time. ④ 既可接 doing 又可接 to do、意义基本相同的动词：begin, start, continue, like, love, hate, prefer, attempt。 ⑤ 接 doing 与 to do 意义不同的高频对比： · stop doing sth 停止做某事 / stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事； · remember / forget / regret doing sth 记得／忘记／后悔做过某事（已发生）↔ remember / forget / regret to do sth 记得／忘记／遗憾要去做某事（未发生）； · try doing sth 试着做某事（看效果）/ try to do sth 努力、设法做某事； · mean doing sth 意味着做某事 / mean to do sth 打算做某事； · go on doing sth 继续做同一件事 / go on to do sth 接着做另一件事； · need / want / require doing = need / want / require to be done 需要被……。 （三）作表语 ① 动名词作表语：说明主语的内容（抽象、一般性的行为），主语与表语常可互换位置：Her dream is becoming a doctor. = Becoming a doctor is her dream.（她的梦想是成为一名医生。） ② 不定式作表语：说明主语的具体动作、目的或将来的行为：Her goal is to enter a good university. / My plan is to finish the work first. （四）doing 与 to do 作名词性成分对比一览 作主语：doing 表泛指、习惯 → Reading aloud is a good habit.；to do 表具体、将来，常用 it 作形式主语 → It is hard to say no. 作宾语：由动词搭配决定——只接 doing（enjoy, avoid, finish…）／只接 to do（want, decide, hope…）／两者皆可（begin, like…）／意义不同（stop, remember, forget, regret, try, mean, go on）。 作表语：doing 表主语的内容，可与主语换序；to do 表具体动作或将来的行为，常暗含"要去做"。 （五）易错提醒 ① 注意区分介词 to 与不定式符号 to：look forward to doing、be used to doing、prefer doing A to doing B、pay attention to doing 中的 to 都是介词，后接动名词；而 want to do、decide to do 中的 to 是不定式符号。 ② suggest / practise / mind / avoid / finish / enjoy 后只接 doing，不接 to do；advise sb to do 与 suggest doing 勿混淆。 ③ 动词-ing短语作主语时谓语用单数：Reading aloud is a good habit.；但 and 连接两个并列动名词短语时可用复数。例：Reading and writing are important skills.若指同一概念，谓语仍用单数：Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. ④ "花时间做某事"用 spend ... (in) doing sth，"做某事花某人多长时间"用 It takes sb some time to do sth，注意两句型不可混用。 ⑤ it 作形式主语／形式宾语的固定句型：It is no use / no good doing sth（做某事没有用）；It is + adj.(kind, clever, foolish...) of sb to do sth；find / think / feel it + adj. + to do sth（it 作形式宾语，真正宾语是后面的不定式）。 第一部分 语法练习 A —— 词形转换（用括号内单词的适当形式填空） 1. __ (work) hard is the key to success. 2. She enjoys __ (read) stories about successful people. 3. I suggest __ (hold) a class meeting to discuss the problem. 4. He keeps __ (try) even after many failures. 5. __ (have) a clear goal makes our efforts meaningful. 6. We are looking forward to __ (watch) the final together. 7. Her dream is __ (become) a scientist like Tu Youyou. 8. Would you mind __ (open) the window? 9. He avoided __ (make) the same mistake twice. 10. She has got used to __ (plan) her day carefully. 11. He decided __ (work) harder after the failure. 12. We can't afford __ (waste) any more time. 13. She promised __ (help) her teammates before the match. 语法练习 B —— 单句语法填空（在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式） 1. __ (learn) from failure is the first step towards success. 2. I am looking forward to __ (meet) the writer of this book. 3. She spent the whole afternoon __ (prepare) for the interview. 4. __ (judge) from his accent, he must come from the south. 5. His hobby is __ (collect) stamps from different countries. 6. __ (finish) the project on time, the team worked day and night. 7. She found it difficult __ (explain) her decision to others. 8. When the teacher came in, the students stopped __ (talk). 语法练习 C —— 对比专练：doing 还是 to do？（根据句意，用括号内动词的适当形式填空） 1. Remember __ (lock) the door when you leave home. 2. I remember __ (meet) him somewhere before. 3. Let's try __ (do) it in another way. 4. She tried __ (open) the window, but it was stuck. 5. Stop __ (talk) and listen to me, please. 6. After walking for two hours, we stopped __ (have) a rest. 7. This job means __ (work) at weekends sometimes. 8. I meant __ (call) you last night, but I forgot. 9. He went on __ (read) after a short break. 10. After finishing the report, she went on __ (answer) the emails. 第二部分 A. 阅读理解 —— Students Turn Food Waste into an Award-Winning App In October 2026, three students from a Beijing high school won the gold medal at the International Young Innovators Fair（国际青年创新展）with a phone app called "Clear Plate". The app asks students to take photos of their empty plates after meals. Using artificial intelligence（人工智能）, it estimates how much food has been wasted in the school canteen（食堂）and gives points to students who finish everything on their trays（餐盘）. Within two months, the app was used by more than 4,000 students in three schools. "At first we just wanted to make a difference," said Chen Mo, 17, the team leader. "Then we noticed that Tuesday's waste was always the largest, so we told the kitchen to cook less of the dish students liked least. It worked --- waste dropped by 18% in four weeks." The judges were impressed not only by the technology but also by the students' clear sense of purpose. "We are not dreaming of becoming millionaires," Chen Mo said. "We want to solve real problems around us. To us, that is what success looks like." Professor Wang Lin, who studies youth innovation, says such projects show a change in how success is understood. "A generation ago, success was often measured by income or fame," she said. "Today's students care more about contribution. And when young people solve real problems, everyone wins." 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1. What does the app "Clear Plate" ask students to do?　 A. Take photos of the dishes before meals.　B. Take photos of their empty plates after meals.　 C. Cook less food for the school kitchen.　D. Write down what they eat every day. 2. Why did the students tell the kitchen to cook less of one dish?　 A. Because it was the most expensive dish.　B. Because Tuesday's data showed students wasted it the most.　C. Because the judges asked them to do so.　D. Because the kitchen wanted to save time. 3. The underlined words "that" in Paragraph 3 refers to 　 A. becoming a millionaire　B. solving real problems around us　 C. winning a gold medal　D. studying youth innovation 4. What does Professor Wang Lin think of today's students?　 A. They care more about contribution than income or fame.　B. They are less creative than the older generation.　C. They only want to become millionaires.　D. They refuse to solve real problems. 5. Which is the best title for the passage?　 A. The History of a School Canteen　B. Why Students Hate Cooking　 C. An App That Turns Empty Plates into Real Change　D. How to Become a Millionaire in High School B. 七选五 —— How to Set Goals You Will Actually Achieve Every January, students make ambitious plans --- and by March, most of these plans are forgotten. The problem is usually not a lack of ability but a lack of method. Here are four rules that make goals stick. 1.__　"Do better in maths" is a wish, not a goal. "Raise my maths score by ten points this term" tells you exactly what to do and when to stop. Second, make it small. 2.__　"Read ten pages every night" is easy to start and easy to check. A big goal without daily actions is just a beautiful slogan（口号）. Third, write it down and track it. 3.__　Each tick（对号）in your notebook proves that you are moving forward, even on days when you do not feel like it. Finally, plan for bad days in advance. Decide now what you will do when you miss a day: not "give up", but "restart the next morning". 4.__　A flexible plan survives; a perfect plan breaks. 5.__　When a goal is clear, small, recorded and flexible, it stops being a burden and becomes a habit --- and habits are what success is built on. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A. First, make your goal as clear as possible. B. A big goal should always be achieved in one giant step. C. A goal without a plan is just a wish. D. Break a big goal into small daily actions. E. Seeing your progress on paper keeps you going. F. Once a goal is set, it should never be changed. G. In short, clear, small, recorded and flexible goals turn dreams into habits. C. 词汇考查 —— 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. Her __ (succeed) came after years of hard work. 2. He was __ (determine) to become a doctor. 3. The team's __ (cooperate) helped them win the match. 4. Her works were __ (reject) by twelve publishers before one accepted them. 5. He showed great __ (devote) to his research. 6. The __ (injure) player refused to leave the field. 7. __ (persist) is the key to learning any skill. 8. The discovery won her international __ (recognise). 9. She gave a __ (motivate) speech to the whole school. 10. The athlete's __ (achieve) inspired many young people. 参考答案与解析 语法练习 A 1. Working　2. reading　3. holding　4. trying　5. Having　6. watching　7. becoming　8. opening　9. making　10. planning　11. to work　12. to waste　13. to help 1. Working【解析】只是表示抽象行为working作主语，谓语用单数 is；句首大写。 2. reading【解析】enjoy 后只接 doing。 3. holding【解析】suggest 后接 doing，suggest doing sth 建议做某事。 4. trying【解析】keep (on) doing sth 持续做某事。 5. Having【解析】动词-ing形式作主语；句首大写。 6. watching【解析】look forward to 中的 to 为介词，后接 doing。 7. becoming【解析】动词-ing形式作表语，说明主语 dream 的内容。 也可写成 Her dream is to become…；动名词侧重说明梦想内容，不定式侧重表示将来要达成的目标，两者均可。 8. opening【解析】Would you mind doing sth? 介意做某事。 9. making【解析】avoid doing sth 避免做某事。 10. planning【解析】be / get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事，to 为介词。 11. to work【解析】decide 只接不定式，decide to do sth 决定做某事（与 suggest doing 对比记忆）。 12. to waste【解析】afford 只接不定式，can't afford to do sth 负担不起做某事。 13. to help【解析】promise 只接不定式，promise to do sth 承诺做某事。 语法练习 B 1. Learning　2. meeting　3. preparing　4. Judging　5. collecting　6. To finish　7. to explain　8. talking 1. Learning【解析】动词-ing形式作主语；谓语 is 为单数，呼应"作主语用单数"的考点。 2. meeting【解析】look forward to doing，to 为介词。 3. preparing【解析】spend time (in) doing sth 花费时间做某事，介词 in 省略。 4. Judging【解析】Judging from / by ... 是固定的评述性状语结构，"从……判断"；句首大写。 5. collecting【解析】动词-ing形式作表语，说明主语 hobby 的内容。 6. To finish【解析】不定式作目的状语，"为了按时完成项目"；动词-ing形式不能表目的；句首大写。 7. to explain【解析】find it + adj. + to do sth，it 作形式宾语，真正宾语为后面的不定式。 8. talking【解析】stop doing sth 停止做某事；"学生停止交谈"；若用 to talk 则表示"停下来去交谈"，与语境相反。 语法练习 C（对比专练） 1. to lock　2. meeting　3. doing　4. to open　5. talking　6. to have　7. working　8. to call　9. reading　10. to answer 1. to lock【解析】"离开时记得去锁门"，动作未发生，用 remember to do sth。 2. meeting【解析】"我记得以前见过他"，动作已发生，用 remember doing sth。 3. doing【解析】"换个方法试一试"，try doing sth 试着做（看效果）。 4. to open【解析】窗户卡住了打不开，"努力设法去打开"，用 try to do sth。 5. talking【解析】"停止交谈听我讲"，stop doing sth 停止做某事。 6. to have【解析】走了两小时，"停下来去休息"，stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事。 7. working【解析】"这份工作需要周末上班（意味着）"，mean doing sth 意味着做某事。 8. to call【解析】"昨晚本打算给你打电话"，mean to do sth 打算做某事（多指未做成）。 9. reading【解析】短暂休息后"继续读"同一件事，go on doing sth。 10. to answer【解析】完成报告后"接着去做另一件事（回邮件）"，go on to do sth。 第二部分 参考答案与解析 A. 阅读理解　答案：1---5　B B B A C 1. B。细节理解题。第二段 "The app asks students to take photos of their empty plates after meals" 直接对应 B。干扰项分析：A 时间偷换（是餐后而非餐前）；C、D 无中生有。 2. B。细节理解题。第三段 "Then we noticed that Tuesday's waste was always the largest, so we told the kitchen to cook less of the dish students liked least" 对应 B。干扰项分析：A 无中生有（未提及价格）；C、D 无中生有。 3. B。指代理解题。that 指代上文陈墨的话 "We want to solve real problems around us"，即"成功"在他们看来的含义。A 与原文相反；C、D 偏离语境。 4. A。观点态度题。末段 "Today's students care more about contribution" 与 A 同义。干扰项分析：B 无中生有；C 与原文相反；D 曲解文意。 5. C。标题归纳题。全文围绕学生开发"光盘"App 减少浪费并获奖的事件展开，C 抓核心事件与意义。干扰项分析：A、B 无中生有；D 与文章主旨相反（学生明确说不想当百万富翁）。 B. 七选五　答案：1---5　A D E C G（多余选项：B、F） 1. A。后文 Second / Third / Finally 表明本空为第一条规则；空后 "'Do better in maths' is a wish, not a goal" 正是 A 中 make your goal as clear as possible 的反面例证。 2. D。本段主旨 "make it small"，D 中 small daily actions 复现 small，承接前句引出具体做法。 3. E。本段主旨 "write it down and track it"，E 中 Seeing your progress on paper 复现 write it down，并与空后 "Each tick in your notebook" 呼应。 4. C。前句说"错过一天就第二天重新开始"，C"没有计划的目标只是愿望"补充说明"计划"的重要性，与空后 "A flexible plan survives" 衔接。C 选项为谚语，侧重计划的重要性，用来引出下文 “flexible plan”。 5. G。G 中 clear, small, recorded and flexible 逐一概括四条规则，空后 "it stops being a burden and becomes a habit" 呼应 G 中 turn dreams into habits。 干扰项分析：B 与第二条规则"make it small"直接矛盾（目标应拆成小步，而非一步达成）；F 与第四条规则"plan for bad days / flexible plan"矛盾（目标需要灵活调整），两项均只满足一半语境。 C. 词汇考查 1. success　2. determined　3. cooperation　4. rejected　5. devotion　6. injured　7. Persistence　8. recognition　9. motivating　10. achievement 1. success【解析】形容词性物主代词 Her 后接名词，succeed → success，不可数。 2. determined【解析】be determined to do sth 下定决心做某事。 3. cooperation【解析】形容词 great 后接名词；cooperate → cooperation，不可数。 4. rejected【解析】被动语态 were rejected，reject 的过去分词加 -ed。 5. devotion【解析】show great devotion to 对......表现出极大的奉献。 6. injured【解析】过去分词作定语，修饰 player，意为"受伤的"。 7. Persistence【解析】作主语用名词；句首大写。 8. recognition【解析】形容词 international 后接名词，recognise → recognition。 9. motivating【解析】修饰名词 speech 用形容词，意为"激励人心的"。 10. achievement【解析】名词所有格 athlete's 后接名词，achieve → achievement。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $