Unit 1 Relationships 词汇（高频搭配+近义辨析+词汇运用）导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语北师大版选择性必修第一册

Unit 1 Relationships 词汇（高频搭配＋近义辨析＋词汇运用）导学案 北师大版高中英语 · 选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 Relationships 一、核心知识：本单元高频搭配与近义辨析 （一）高频词汇搭配分类 类别 高频搭配与例句 动词＋名词 give / provide feedback on ... 对……给予反馈；point out (our) mistakes 指出错误；raise questions 提出问题；lose / gain confidence 失去／获得信心；set a deadline 设定截止日期；waste time (doing) 浪费时间；chase (after) likes and followers 追逐点赞和粉丝 动词＋介词 associate with sb 与某人交往；obsess over sth 对……过分纠结；be glued to ... 紧盯着……（to 为介词）；scroll through posts 刷屏浏览帖子；depend on 依靠；apologise to sb for sth 因某事向某人道歉；connect with 与……建立联系 形容词＋介词 be close to 与……亲近；be worried / anxious about 担心；be ashamed of 为……羞愧；be grateful to sb for sth 因某事感激某人；be rude to sb 对某人无礼；be addicted to 对……上瘾（to 为介词） （二）四组高频近义辨析 ① alone 与 lonely：alone 表示“独自一人”，仅说明客观状态，无感情色彩；lonely 表示“孤独的”，强调主观感受。 ② real 与 true：real 意为“真实存在的”，与“想象的、虚假的”相对；true 意为“符合事实的”，与“错误的”相对。a real story 真实发生的故事；a true story 内容属实的故事。 ③ nervous / anxious / stressed：nervous 指面对具体事情时的“紧张”；anxious 指对未来不确定之事的持续“担忧”；stressed (out) 指因压力过大而“焦虑不安”。 ④ connect / relate / associate：connect 指“连接、联系”（事物）；relate 指“有关联”；associate with sb 指“与某人交往、往来”。 （三）易错提醒 ① feedback 为不可数名词，无复数形式，常说 some useful feedback；advice 同样不可数。 ② be glued to 与 be addicted to 中的 to 均为介词，后接名词或动名词：He is glued to his phone. / She is addicted to scrolling（刷屏）. ③ chatter away 表示“喋喋不休地说”，常与 to / with 连用：They were chattering away happily. ④ handle 作动词意为“处理、应对”，后接名词：handle the problem / negative comments，注意与 deal with 区分使用场合。 第一部分 词汇练习 A —— 短语填空翻译题（每词一空版） 要求：根据中文提示补全英文句子，每个短语几个词就填几个空（注意词形变化）。 动词＋名词 1. Our teacher always ______ ______ ______ our essays.（对……给予反馈） 2. She always ______ ______ ______ ______, and I'm grateful for that.（指出我的错误） 3. In class, students should actively ______ ______.（提出问题） 4. Don't ______ ______ after one failure.（失去信心） 5. The professor ______ ______ ______ ______ for Friday.（设定了截止日期） 6. Don't ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ all day online.（浪费时间追逐点赞和粉丝） 动词＋介词 7. He likes to ______ ______ classmates who share his interests.（与……交往） 8. Don't ______ ______ the number of followers you have.（过分纠结于） 9. My brother is always ______ ______ his screen at night.（紧盯着） 10. She ______ ______ ______ before going to bed.（刷屏浏览帖子） 11. Good friends ______ ______ ______ ______.（互相依靠） 12. You should ______ ______ ______ ______ being late.（为迟到向她道歉） 13. Social media can help us ______ ______ people around the world.（与……建立联系） 形容词＋介词 14. I ______ ______ ______ my best friend.（与……亲近） 15. My parents ______ ______ ______ my health.（担心） 16. He ______ ______ ______ telling a lie.（为……感到羞愧） 17. We ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ his help.（因……感激他） 18. It's bad manners ______ ______ ______ ______ waiters.（对……无礼） 19. My brother ______ ______ ______ online games.（沉迷于） 20. He is a teacher and ______ ______ ______ children.（对……有耐心） 词汇练习 B ------ 词汇释义 写出下列各句中粗体单词的词性和中文含义。 1. Our monitor promised to handle the problem before Friday. 2. The handle of the door was broken, so we couldn't get in. 3. He posted a funny photo of our class on the school website. 4. Her birthday post received more than two hundred likes. 5. When the teacher called my name, my mind suddenly went blank. 词汇练习 C ------ 选词填空（用方框内单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次） silence　　glue　　chatter　　feedback　　obsess　　extraordinary　　rude　　deadline　　associate　　confidence Last Friday, our class held a “phone-free dinner” at a small restaurant near our school. As soon as we sat down, our monitor collected all the phones into a basket. At first, an uncomfortable 1.______ fell over the table: I was so used to being 2.______ to my screen that I didn't know where to look. Then Amy started telling a joke, and soon we were 3.______ away happily. Our teacher Ms Liu said she was glad to see us talk so freely and promised to give us her 4.______ on our “project” next Monday. “You have proved that you can live without 5.______ over likes and followers,” she smiled. It was an 6.______ evening: nobody was 7.______ to anyone, nobody checked the time, and for once nobody worried about Monday's 8.______. On the way home, I realised that 9.______ with people face to face had given me more 10.______ than any online chat. 第二部分 A. 七选五 ------ Giving Feedback That Helps Whether you are a teacher or a classmate, giving feedback is a skill that can be learned. Good feedback points the way forward; poor feedback only causes hurt. Here are four golden rules. 1.______　Instead of “Your speech isn't good”, try “The opening was interesting, but the middle needs clearer examples”. Specific words tell the listener exactly what to do next. Second, start with what works. 2.______　Comments like “well done” feel warm but tell the learner nothing. Honest praise of real strengths gives people the courage to face their weaknesses. Third, choose the right channel（渠道）. Some messages are too important for a red pen. 3.______　A ten-minute talk allows questions, and your tone（语气）of voice can keep the message warm. Finally, criticise the work, not the person. 4.______　Say “This paragraph is hard to follow”, not “You are careless”. The first invites improvement; the second only wounds. 5.______　When feedback is specific, honest and kind, people stop fearing it — and start asking for it. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A. First, be specific about what can be improved. B. Negative feedback should be avoided at all costs（无论如何）. C. If a classmate keeps making the same mistake, give up on him. D. Comments on an essay may work better face to face. E. General praise may sound nice, but it offers little help. F. The way we word criticism decides whether it builds or breaks. G. Follow these rules, and feedback will become a gift people value. B. 完形填空 ------ The Apology That Mended a Friendship（记叙文） 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I still remember the Tuesday that shattered my friendship with Amy. We had been desk mates for two years and 1.______ almost everything — from exam notes to secrets — until I did something incredibly thoughtless. During the lunch break, I uploaded a silly photo of her dancing awkwardly at the school party, 2.______ it would amuse everyone. Within ten minutes the post 3.______ dozens of likes and comments. But when I looked up, Amy was standing before me, her face 4.______ with anger. “Take it down right now,” she demanded 5.. I deleted it at once, but the 6. had already been done — by evening, the photo had been saved and reposted, completely beyond my 7.______. For two weeks we sat side by side in complete 8.. I longed to apologise, but each time I opened my mouth, I 9. — what if she rejected my apology and things became even 10.? Then one Friday, our English teacher returned our essays with a handwritten note on mine: “Constructive criticism is a gift — 11. give yours to others?” Those words 12.______ me to write Amy a sincere letter that night, 13.______ how deeply I regretted what I had done and asking how I could make amends. The next morning, Amy slipped a note into my book: “The photo hurt. But two years of friendship 14.______ one stupid mistake. Apology accepted.” We didn't immediately 15.______ to being close again — it took months of small talks and shared lunches — but I learned something no textbook could teach: a careless post travels faster than an apology, and sorry, though simple, is always worth saying. 1. A. shared　B. hated　C. abandoned　D. guarded 2. A. hoping　B. fearing　C. doubting　D. regretting 3. A. received　B. sparked　C. escaped　D. survived 4. A. glowing　B. flushing　C. pale　D. lit 5. A. excitedly　B. coldly　C. proudly　D. casually 6. A. harm　B. favour　C. promise　D. effort 7. A. control　B. memory　C. sight　D. reach 8. A. anger　B. silence　C. confusion　D. comfort 9. A. hesitated　B. agreed　C. laughed　D. boasted 10. A. better　B. worse　C. clearer　D. stranger 11. A. will you　B. can you　C. must you　D. dare you 12. A. forbade　B. inspired　C. reminded　D. warned 13. A. admitting　B. hiding　C. repeating　D. forgetting 14. A. outweighs　B. reveals　C. replaces　D. hides 15. A. return　B. refuse　C. pretend　D. hesitate C. 词汇考查 ------ 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. It is (politeness) ______ to keep your phone silent during the meeting. 2. The two friends (complete) ______ forgot the unhappy argument after a long talk. 3. He was (deep) ______ moved by his classmates' warm support. 4. We need an (effect) ______ way to solve the problem of phone addiction（成瘾）. 5. Her eyes were filled with (sad) ______ when she heard the news. 6. The (discover) ______ that she had a talent for drawing changed her life. 7. Please give me a (describe) ______ of the man you saw that day. 8. The (relation) ______ between online time and sleep quality is still being studied. 9. His (absent) ______ from school yesterday worried his teacher. 10. The (argue) ______ between the two boys started over a silly joke. D. 语法填空 ------ The Friendship Bench 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 2025, a primary school in Hangzhou set up a “friendship bench”（友谊长椅）in its playground, and the idea 1.______ (spread) to more than 300 schools within a year. The rule is simple: anyone who sits on the bench 2.______ (show) that he or she wants company（陪伴）. During breaks, student volunteers 3.______ (call) “bench buddies（伙伴）” take turns to sit there and start conversations. “The bench gives lonely children a signal（信号）they can act on,” said Ms Chen, the teacher 4.______ started the project. Since it began, the school 5.______ (notice) fewer fights and more cooperation at recess（课间休息）. Parents say their children 6.______ (talk) more openly about their school day at home these days. Psychologists（心理学家）welcome the idea, but they warn that one bench alone cannot solve the problem of loneliness. “What matters is 7.______ adults keep listening after the bench moment ends,” said one expert. “A conversation is the beginning, not the end.” Other schools have added their own touches: some paint the bench in bright colours; 8.______ put a “question box” beside it for shy children. The project 9.______ (prove) that small designs can change a school's culture. As one seventh-grader put it, “The bench is just wood. The friendship is 10.______ makes it special.” 第三部分 读后续写 阅读下面短文，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Lin Yue, sixteen, spent an average of six hours a day on her phone — checking messages at breakfast, scrolling（刷屏）between classes, and chatting until midnight. Her screen-time report（屏幕使用时间报告）showed that social media took up nearly half of her waking hours, but she never thought it was a problem. Then, last Tuesday, her best friend Jia said quietly, “You check your phone more often than you listen to me.” Lin Yue looked up, ready to laugh it off, but Jia's eyes were serious. That evening, the two of them had planned to celebrate Jia's birthday with a movie and dinner. Yet at the restaurant, Lin Yue kept glancing at her phone under the table. When Jia asked what she was doing, Lin Yue lied, “Just checking the time.” But the screen still glowed（发光）with a video she had not finished. After dinner, Jia went home early. Walking back alone, Lin Yue remembered all the times she had typed “haha” without smiling, and all the conversations she had only half-heard. For the first time, her phone felt heavy in her hand. Para 1: That night, Lin Yue made a decision she had never dared to make. Para 2: A week later, Jia knocked on Lin Yue's door with two movie tickets in her hand. 评分点（自查清单）： ① 第一段承接段首句，写出“远离手机的行动与内心的挣扎”（如交出手机、删除应用、不适应与想放弃），与原文情境自然衔接； ② 第二段写出“结果与升华”（友谊修复、对线上与线下交流的感悟），不引入新冲突、不提前圆满； ③ 回收伏笔：Jia 的那句话、生日晚餐的谎言、屏幕使用时间报告； ④ 语言：以一般过去时为主，恰当使用本单元词汇（be glued to, chatter away, obsess over, go cold turkey, scroll through 等）； ⑤ 词数 150 左右，两段之间过渡连贯。 参考答案与解析 词汇练习 A 1.gives feedback on　2. points out my mistakes　3. raise questions　4. lose confidence　5. has set a deadline　6. waste time chasing after likes and followers　7. associate with　8. obsess over　9. glued to　10. scrolls through posts　11. depend on each other　12. apologise to her for　13. connect with　14. am close to　15. are worried about　16. is ashamed of　17. are grateful to him for　18. to be rude to　19. is addicted to　20. is patient with 词汇练习 B（词汇释义） 1. 动词；处理、应对　2. 名词；把手　3. 动词；发布（帖子）　4. 名词（复数）；点赞　5. 形容词；空白的 1.【解析】handle 在此为动词，handle the problem 处理问题；handle 作名词时意为“把手”，见第 2 题，注意一词多义。 2.【解析】handle 在此为名词，the handle of the door 门把手，由动词“处理”的本义“把手（用手抓握之处）”引申而来。 3.【解析】post 在此为动词，post a photo (online) 发布照片（到网上），由名词“帖子、邮政”引申为“发布”。 4.【解析】like 在此为名词复数，two hundred likes 两百个点赞，由动词“喜欢”引申为名词“点赞”，是社交媒体话题高频词。 5.【解析】blank 在此为形容词，go blank 意为“（脑子）一片空白”，常与 mind 连用；blank 还可作名词，意为“空白处”。 词汇练习 C　答案：1. silence　2. glued　3. chattering　4. feedback　5. obsessing　6. extraordinary　7. rude　8. deadline　9. associating　10. confidence 1. silence【解析】an uncomfortable 后接名词；an uncomfortable silence fell 一阵尴尬的沉默降临。 2. glued【解析】be used to being glued to ... 习惯于紧盯着……，to 为介词。 3. chattering【解析】chatter away 喋喋不休；were 后接现在分词构成过去进行时。 4. feedback【解析】give one's feedback on ... 给予反馈，不可数名词。 5. obsessing【解析】without 为介词，后接动名词；obsess over likes 纠结于点赞数。 6. extraordinary【解析】an 后接元音音素开头的形容词，修饰 evening。 7. rude【解析】be rude to sb 对某人无礼。 8. deadline【解析】Monday's deadline 周一的截止日期。 9. associating【解析】动名词短语作主语，associate with people face to face 与人交往。 10. confidence【解析】give me more confidence 给我更多信心，不可数名词。 第二部分A. 七选五　答案：1—5　A E D F G（多余选项：B、C） 1. A。段首主题空。后文 Second / Third / Finally 表明本空为第一条规则，A 中 First 衔接顺序；空后 “Specific words tell the listener exactly what to do” 复现 A 中 specific。 2. E。段中衔接空。本段主旨 “start with what works”，E 中 General praise 与空后 “Comments like ‘well done’ feel warm but tell the learner nothing” 复现呼应。 3. D。段中衔接空。前句 “Some messages are too important for a red pen”（书面批注不够）对应 D“当面点评或许更好”；空后 “A ten-minute talk allows questions” 呼应 D 中 face to face。 4. F。段中解释空。本段主旨 “criticise the work, not the person”，F 中 The way we word criticism 概括该原则；空后 “Say ... not ...” 为 F 的具体举例。 5. G。段首总结空。G 总结四条规则的效果，空后 “stop fearing it — and start asking for it” 呼应 G 中 a gift people value。 干扰项分析：B 为绝对化表述（“无论如何都要避免负面反馈”），与文意“批评要对事不对人”相反；C 与全文主旨相反（面对重复的错误应继续反馈而非放弃），两项均只满足一半语境。 第二部分 B. 完形填空 答案速查： 1–5 AABBB　6–10 AABAB　11–15 BBBAA 1. A. shared上文提到"两年同桌"，下文"从考试笔记到秘密"，说明两人关系密切、无话不谈。share everything（分享一切）符合语境。 B. hated（憎恨）与下文亲密叙述矛盾、 C. abandoned（抛弃）、D. guarded（防备）均与 desk mates 两年的关系不符 2. A. hoping"我"发照片是出于善意——希望逗乐大家，与下文"did something incredibly thoughtless"（做了欠考虑的事）形成反差。 B. fearing（害怕）、C. doubting（怀疑）、D. regretting（后悔）都是负面心理，无法解释"发帖"这个行为动机 3. A. received与 dozens of likes and comments 搭配，意为"收到"数十个赞。全文用一般过去时叙述。 B. sparked（引发）主语通常是"事件/言论"，不与 likes 构成 receive 的常用搭配 C. escaped、D. survived 与语境无关 4. B. flushing与 with anger 搭配，表示"气得满脸通红"（flush with anger）。 A. glowing（容光焕发）褒义，矛盾、 C. pale（苍白的）通常与 fear/shock 搭配、 D. lit（被照亮）不与 anger 构成此搭配 5. B. coldly Amy 在生气，语气必然冰冷。下文"我立刻删除"也反映出她的强硬态度。 A. excitedly、C. proudly 与生气情绪矛盾、 D. casually（随意地）无法体现"Take it down right now"的命令口吻 6. A. harm do harm 为固定搭配，"伤害已经造成"——尽管删除了照片，损害已无法挽回。 B. do sb a favour（帮忙）语义相反、 C. promise、D. effort 无此搭配 7. A. control 关键线索：照片被保存并转发，事态已"超出我的控制"（beyond one's control）。 B. beyond my memory（超出记忆）、C. beyond my sight（视线之外）、D. beyond my reach（够不着）均不符合"网络传播失控"的语境 8. B. silence 与下文"我想道歉却开不了口"呼应——两人陷入沉默。in silence 固定搭配。 A. in anger（愤怒中）、C. in confusion（困惑中）、D. in comfort（舒适地）都与"冷战"的描写不符 9. A. hesitated 上文 longed to apologise（渴望道歉）+ but 转折 + 下文"万一她拒绝呢"——说明每次想开口都犹豫了。 B. agreed（同意）、C. laughed（大笑）、D. boasted（吹嘘）均与"想道歉又不敢"的心理矛盾 10. B. worse 逻辑递进：如果她拒绝原谅，情况会变得更糟（even worse）。 A. better 与担忧的心理相反；C. clearer、D. stranger 不与 even 构成合理递进 11. B. can you 老师批语的反问句："批评是一份礼物——你能把它送给别人吗？"can you 表示"能否/可不可以"，符合鼓励口吻。 A. will you 侧重意愿，与"能力是问题"的语境不符、 C. must you（偏要）带责备语气，D. dare you（你敢）语气过重，均不适合老师鼓励学生的语境 12. B. inspired 那些话"激励"我当晚给 Amy 写信。inspire sb to do sth 固定搭配。 A. forbade（禁止）语义相反；C. reminded 需接 of/to do，语气不如 inspired 贴切；D. warned（警告）与语境的正面推动不符 13. A. admitting 信中"承认"自己有多后悔——与道歉信的内容相符，并与 asking 并列。 B. hiding（隐瞒）、C. repeating（重复）、D. forgetting（忘记）都与"道歉信"的目的背道而驰 14. A. outweighs Amy 的便条："照片伤人，但两年的友谊胜过一个愚蠢的错误。"outweigh（在价值/重要性上超过）是本题高级词汇考点。 B. reveals（揭示）、C. replaces（替代）、D. hides（隐藏）均无法表达"友谊比错误更重要"的比较含义 15. A. return return to (doing) sth 意为"恢复到某种状态"——我们没有立刻恢复到亲密无间的状态。 B. refuse（拒绝）、C. pretend（假装）、D. hesitate（犹豫）均与"花了数月慢慢修复"的下文不符 第二部分 C. 词汇考查 1. polite　2. completely　3. deeply　4. effective　5. sadness　6. discovery　7. description　8. relationship　9. absence　10. argument 1. polite【解析】It is + adj. + to do；politeness → polite。 2. completely【解析】修饰动词 forgot 用副词。 3. deeply【解析】修饰形容词 moved 用副词，be deeply moved 深受感动。 4. effective【解析】修饰名词 way 用形容词，an effective way 有效的方法。 5. sadness【解析】be filled with + 名词，sad → sadness。 6. discovery【解析】定冠词 The 后接名词，作主语。 7. description【解析】a 后接可数名词单数，give a description of 描述。 8. relationship【解析】The 后接名词作主语，relationship between ... and ... 之间的关系。 9. absence【解析】形容词性物主代词 His 后接名词，absent → absence。 10. argument【解析】The 后接名词作主语，argue → argument（注意拼写）。 第二部分 D. 语法填空　答案：1. spread　2. shows　3. called　4. who / that　5. has noticed　6. talk　7. that　8. others　9. proves　10. what 1. spread【解析】spread 的过去式、过去分词同形；此处叙述过去“一年内传播到 300 多所学校”，用一般过去时。 2. shows【解析】anyone 作主语，谓语用单数；说明规则用一般现在时。 3. called【解析】过去分词作后置定语，volunteers 与 call 为被动关系，意为“被称为”。 4. who / that【解析】引导定语从句，先行词 the teacher 指人，关系词作主语。 5. has noticed【解析】since it began 提示现在完成时；主语 the school 为单数，助动词用 has。 6. talk【解析】宾语从句陈述现在的现象，用一般现在时；主语 children 为复数；也可用are talking，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。 7. that【解析】表语从句，从句成分完整，用 that 引导（What matters is that ...）。 8. others【解析】some ... others ... 固定结构，意为“一些……另一些……”。 9. proves【解析】主语 the project 为单数，一般现在时；prove 后接 that 从句。 10. what【解析】表语从句中缺少主语，指“使它特别的东西”，用 what。 第三部分 读后续写（评分说明） 本题按以下维度给分： ① 内容：第一段写“行动与挣扎”，第二段写“结果与升华”，与段首句衔接自然，无新冲突、不提前圆满； ② 伏笔回收：Jia 的话、生日晚餐的谎言、屏幕使用时间报告至少在续文中得到呼应； ③ 语言：时态以一般过去时为主，恰当运用本单元话题词汇与句式； ④ 连贯与词数：两段过渡自然，词数 150 左右。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $