上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第二学期高二年级英语学科4月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科4月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sea Gypsies (吉普赛人) We had been traveling for a few hours when on the horizon we spotted the group of small hand-built boats called kabang. The Moken are cautious of strangers, so 1         _ we approached, I called out some reassuring words in their language. The family elder, Gatcha, was at first reluctant to stop. Outsiders have been making use of the Moken throughout their history and his instinct told him to keep his distance. But after hearing that I had been researching the Moken way of life 2         _ 1982, in the end he accepted us into his "home". Home for this nomadic sea people are the kabang, on 3         _ they live, eat, and sleep for eight months of the year. In these light craft, they travel across the Mergui Archipelago, 800 islands 4          (dot) across the Andaman Sea, off Myanmar, 5          (collect) what they need to survive and moving on. They get by only on 6          they take from the sea and beaches each day: fish, mollusks and sandworms to eat; shells and oysters to trade with Malay and Chinese merchants. They accumulate little and live on land only during the monsoons (季风). But the world is closing in on the Moken way of life. As divers and beachcombers, they pose no threat to others who share these waters. In spite of this, the authorities are always pressuring them 7          (settle) in one place. Ten years ago, 2,500 Moken were still leading a traditional life, but that population is slowly declining and now stands at around 1,000. If they cease to be sea gypsies, it 8          (fear) that their unique understanding of the sea will disappear also. Moken people can dive to 20m without breathing equipment, and 9          (develop) extraordinary underwater vision. They are experts at reading changes in the sea, and it is even said they 10          predict a tsunami (海啸). Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. address B. changes C. confidence D. limited E. options F. personalised G. redefine H. resistant I. stuck J. tailoring K. ventured Perfect Fashion by Numbers It's the disadvantage of online clothes shopping. You come across a shirt you simply must have, only to find that what you receive doesn't fit despite being in your size. How can you order clothes with 11          when you can't try them on? A new wave of start-ups are finding clever ways to 12          the problem. One of them wants to 13          our system for sizing clothes. "We think it's kind of ridiculous that despite all of us coming in so many different shapes and sizes, we're 14          with small, medium and large," says Matt Hornbuckle, co-founder of Stantt, a New Jersey-based firm that manufactures men's shirts to fit 70 sets of body measurements. To arrive at these, Hornbuckle hired another company to analyse 200,000 measurements of men's bodies, looking for correlations. It found that three numbers--chest size, waist and sleeve length--are enough to predict which of those 70 15          would best fit someone. Stantt's first shirts, priced at $98, will ship in May. The company's recent Kickstarter campaign raised $120,000 and collected pre-orders for around 1000 shirts--a sign, Hornbuckle says, that customers are eager for 16         . "The retail store itself, and how they operate, is becoming out of date," he says. Another start-up, Arden Reed, based in New York, wants to take this 17          approach a step further with its suits. Six months ago, the company began sizing customers using a remodeled truck equipped with a 3D body scanner. It has 14 Kinect sensors that record around 1.5 million body contour (外形，轮廓) points in a process lasting 10 minutes. The readings are turned into measurements for the 18          to be outsourced to producers, and customers receive their suit six weeks later for between $500 and $1 500. They can order more in the same size online. The scanner has 19          to Boston and Washington DC, and will make its first appearance in Miami this year. "The truck concept allows us not to be 20          to a store," says Carlos Solorio, Arden Reed's co-founder. Stantt and Arden Reed now want to expand their range to include women's clothing. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Learning something—whether that's new knowledge or a skill—is a physical process that actually restructures the architecture of the brain. To understand why, we need to look at what's going on in the brain when we're 21          something to memory. Every experience we have is created by the firing of millions of neurons (神经元) throughout the brain. They constantly light up in different combination. And when neurons 'light up' together they undergo small changes that 22          them to fire together in future. Most neural firing patterns occur just once because these changes are initially not very 23         . Some patterns, 24         , are encoded by the hippocampus—a small, horseshoe-shaped structure deep in the brain. This encourages the encoded brain activity to recur. Eventually, if a firing pattern is 25          over and over again, the neurons within it extend dendrils (卷须) which link them together to form lasting pathways. The network it forms is now a 26          memory. Events that are novel, shocking, important or painful are encoded more easily than others because the neural activity involved is more intense. Encountering a flame and getting burned by it, for instance, involves fast firing of visual neurons (the sight), somatosensory neurons (the feeling) and limbic neurons (the horror). A(n) 27          sight of flame then initiates activity in the whole network, including the neurons that registered the burn. This memory, even if it's not conscious, 28          our response to the new situation: instead of touching the flame, the body turns away. A lesson has been learned. Networks of linked neurons break down and 29          much more easily in young brains than in older ones, which is why children learn—and forget—things so quickly. Some things are easier to learn than others. Walking and talking, for instance, emerge without much help, provided infants see it happening around them. Natural skills like these generally emerge within specific 30          frames, when children's brains are genetically programmed to develop them. Skills such as reading and arithmetic, however, have to be learned 31         , along with non-intuitive knowledge like the offside rule in football or the laws of thermodynamics. In each case, repeated practice and study will 32          the neural networks associated with this knowledge and help memorise it. Some types of learning are 33          by so-called 'mirror neurons'. These are brain cells that become 34          in a person when they see someone else doing something. If you see someone lifting their arm, say, some of the neurons in your brain which would be involved in lifting your own arm start firing. Mirror neurons stimulate automatic imitation, which is particularly useful for learning 35          skills—a dance routine, for example, or how to serve a tennis ball. 21. A. explaining B. proving C. announcing D. committing 22. A. restrict B. warn C. equip D. recommend 23. A. recent B. similar C. slight D. stable 24. A. however B. additionally C. therefore D. otherwise 25. A. shown B. reversed C. specified D. repeated 26. A. quick B. permanent C. collective D. sudden 27. A. common B. subsequent C. pleasant D. initial 28. A. guides B. tests C. accepts D. measures 29. A. build up B. give up C. look up D. break up 30. A. viewing B. text C. time D. duty 31. A. quickly B. painfully C. naturally D. intentionally 32. A. understand B. strengthen C. produce D. distribute 33. A. discouraged B. hidden C. facilitated D. combined 34. A. asleep B. diverse C. active D. present 35. A. motor B. study C. work D. survival Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） The bell rang. Jada sighed, slowly moved from the lockers where she had been leaning, and headed down the hall to her chemistry class. Honors Chemistry! Jada couldn't believe that her mom was making her take the class because Jada's counselor had said that she had real talent in science. Jada had to admit that she liked science and that last year's class was a breeze, but come on, Honors Chemistry? She wouldn't know anyone in the class, and they probably wouldn't know anyone like her. The good thing about being late is that it shortened the period a bit. The bad thing is that it made her seem like she was making a grand entrance. To make matters worse, the only two seats left in class were at the lab table at the very front of the room. Jada held her breath and walked in. Everyone's eyes were on her. She just knew it. They were staring at her coal black hair (freshly dyed), her black lipstick, her black fingernail polish, and her thrift-store black leather jacket. All she saw were polo shirts and khaki pants. This can't get any worse, Jada thought. But at least she didn't get shouted at by the teacher. He was too busy talking to a new kid. A HUGE new kid, maybe 6'4". He had to weigh at least 250 pounds. A football player, probably. She hated football players. They thought they were so great. That group of jocks that hung out by the cafeteria always made fun of her. The new kid made his way over to her table with his head down. He had to squeeze into the seat, and his legs wouldn't fit under the lab table. He shot Jada a glance and turned red. Mr. Martin, the teacher, began class with this announcement: "Okay, everyone. I know most of you know each other from last year's Honors Physical Science class." Jada sighed loudly. "But just take a minute and introduce yourself to the person sitting at your table. You'll be partners. You'll be working closely together all year." Jada rolled her eyes and started and stared straight ahead. Then she heard a surprisingly soft voice from next to her."Hi, I'm Robert. I'm new here..." 36. What can be learned about Jada from the first two paragraphs? A. She thought this year's chemistry class would be a breeze. B. She wasn't willing to take the Honors Chemistry class. C. She was angry that her mother made her go to school. D. She found she didn't like science as she thought. 37. The writer described Jada's appearance in paragraph 4 in order to A. reveal how different she was from her classmates B. explain why she was late for school that morning C. give readers a general impression of science students D. imply that she felt sorry for making a grand entrance 38. In paragraph 5, the phrase "that group of jocks" refers to_ A. the new kid B. Jada's classmates C. Jada's teacher D. football players 39. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of the new kid? A. He was rude. B. He liked sports. C. He was shy. D. He looked sad. （B） Lily Studying abroad is an area that is becoming increasingly interesting for researchers, as more students are choosing to do a semester, a year or even a degree in another country. In my research, I set out to establish whether young people attending a course abroad acquire more global awareness than students enrolled on similar courses in their home country. Using a comparative study of 50 Canadian undergraduates, half of whom studied abroad for varying lengths of time, there were shown to be considering gains in global awareness and these were not only noted by the students themselves but also their tutors. Thomas My research project asked ten students starting a year of study abroad to keep a daily record of their experiences. Having begun the diary a month before leaving home they continued it for a month after they returned. The primary reason for studying abroad in all cases was to polish their language skills. The students were allowed to write as freely as they wished but were asked to include comments on their language learning experience as well as on the strategies they used to cope with living in a new culture. Analysing the diaries, we found remarkably similar patterns. All the participants demonstrate a gradual recognition and acceptance of difference in other cultures and a new objectivity about their own culture as a result of their experience. Jasmine This paper reports on some research carried out last year into why students choose a period of study abroad, their reasons for selecting a specific destination, their behaviour when abroad and the extent to which the experience matches their expectations. Having administered a questionnaire to 1,000 international students studying at a number of universities in Australia, we got 696 responses. An initial analysis of the responses has revealed some interesting data suggesting that the key factor affecting all the areas we were investigating was the individual's personality and study interests. Country of origin and gender proved less significant than expected. Jimmy This research looked at the career paths of 35 young business people who had spent part of their university course at a foreign educational institution in order to ascertain whether those people had acquired greater cross-cultural perspectives through their experience of study abroad. Concerned about the lack of cultural awareness of their staff, a group of US business corporations proposed the research. The results are less conclusive than expected, but they do suggest that a period of study in a foreign country may help students to develop the cross-cultural awareness that US employers currently seek. 40. The passage is mainly about four researchers' findings on_ A. the reasons for young students to study abroad B. the impact and effects of studying in another country C. the trend of more students furthering their study abroad D. the interest of students who once studied in another country 41. __ used the subjects' personal account as the research material. A. Lily B. Thomas C. Jasmine D. Jimmy 42. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Most of the researchers found the students' global awareness increased. B. All of the researchers took a reserved attitude towards studying abroad. C. None of the researchers thought gender played a role in students' choice. D. Only one of the researchers did research on the subjects' career development. （C） Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to create similar conditions to the natural incubation (孵化) of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates. When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity (湿度) of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature difference may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature difference. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest changes into gas, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment. In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to protect eggs against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo (胚胎) can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest. 43. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment. B. Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs. C. Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots. D. Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation. 44. According to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler than the top, then A. there may be a good chance for successful incubation B. the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position C. the embryo will not develop normally D. the incubation process is slowed down 45. The construction of the nest allows water to A. provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest B. loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest C. keep the nest in a clean condition D. touch the bottom of the eggs 46. Which of the following is a problem with commercial incubators? A. They are expensive to operate. B. They are unable to heat the eggs evenly. C. They lack the natural temperature changes. D. They fail to transfer heat to eggs like parent birds do. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. So Chunxiang Hu of the Chinese Academy of Sciences's Institute of Hydrobiology in Wuhan has developed an alternative approach. B. That might change soon, though. C. "Unless you do something to help, you're probably talking centuries for it to recover naturally," he says. D. If left unchecked, sands can slowly engulf roads and railways. E. On the sunny side, the crust was about half as thick. F. People have been trying to use bacteria in this way since the 1980s, says Matthew Bowker, a soil ecologist at Northern Arizona University. Spray bacteria may prevent its spread Desertification is a big problem for China. Overgrazing by livestock has destroyed much of the layer of lichen, algae and mosses-the cryptobiotic crust (隐生物壳)-that binds the sand and soil to the ground. 47          Farmland and even major cities can be destroyed by dust storms that began in the desert. Planting hardy grasses helps keeping sand in place, but the wind can still blow away particles (颗粒) between the grasses. 48          She coats planted dunes with a mixture of photosynthesizing cyanobacteria that can grow well in the semi-arid (干旱的) environment. Grown in nearby ponds, the cyanobacteria are trucked into the desert every few days and spray over the dunes, where they form sticky substances that hold soil particles in place and prevent them from being blown away. Cyanobacteria get their energy from sunlight through photosynthesis, and as part of the chemical reactions involved, they absorb carbon from the atmosphere and provide the organic matter the soil needs to be productive. Hu's long-running trials shows that after eight years, dunes treated with cyanobacteria developed a biological crust nearly 1 centimetre thick when on the shady side of dunes. 49          The topsoil improved where the crust developed, helping plant growth. The method is vital if semi-arid regions are going to recover on a reasonable timescale, says Brian Whitton, an ecologist at Durham University, UK. 50          Hu says the cyanobacteria are now being used to hold the verges of roads and railways in northern China as well as the margins of farmland. Her team plans to seed 133 square kilometres over the next five years. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is It Possible to be Green and Fashionable? Despite the huge numbers of people who care about the environment and love clothes, there is a basic conflict about being green and being fashionable. This is because the fashion industry depends on a constant stream of ever-changing trends, which means you have to keep consuming. However, buying a lot of things that you don't need, in this case new clothes, is harmful to the environment. Even so, there are still some measures you can take to achieve both goals. Firstly, rather than basing your choice of clothes on whatever the fashion industry says you should, choose your own look. If you do this, you'll look a lot more like an individual, and probably more genuinely stylish. It does not require any sense of style to copy the looks in glossy magazines. It does require some to develop your own. You'll find that because your clothes aren't going in and out of fashion every week, you'll buy fewer and this helps the environment. Some people think that another way of achieving this is to buy only natural fabrics, like cotton. But actually the production of some plant-based fabrics involves the use of enormous quantities of pesticides. In fact, cotton is an especially dirty crop, with methods used in its cultivation which can wreck the local environment. If you want to avoid adding to soil and water pollution in this manner, simply opt for organic fabrics. While we're on the subject of the materials, here's a word of warning. Try to avoid buying clothes made from animal products, especially fur. Not only will this have the effect of reducing animal suffering, it will also reduce your environmental footprint; animal products have a larger impact than plant products because they consume more resources. In the end, what you wear is your choice and no-one would suggest that this should not be a free choice. But we hope that, having read this, you will be fully aware of the impact your choices may have on the health of our planet. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 我公司非常感谢收到的任何反馈。(grateful) 53. 接受了这份新工作意味着小王必须最晚在本月底之前抵达北京。(force) 54. 受外在奖励驱动的人，有时很难达到自己制定别人却不知情的目标。(find it) 55. 要求孩子不去感知自己真正的情绪，其坏处就是他们在必要的时候无法恰当地表达情绪。(stop) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近你校即将接待来自英国的一批高中生，需要在校内招募寄宿家庭，在接待这些学生的同时，向他们介绍中国文化。你对此很感兴趣，写一封邮件给学校外事接待处，表达你的意愿，内容需包括: 在和父母协商后，你愿意作为寄宿家庭； 你对哪一方面的中国文化特别感兴趣，计划通过何种方式向寄宿在你家的外国学生介绍。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科4月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. as 2. since 3. which 4. dotted 5. collecting 6. what 7. to settle 8. is feared 9. have developed 10. Can Section B 11. C 12. A 13. G 14. I 15. E 16. B 17. F 18. J 19. K 20. D II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. D 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. C 35. A Section B 36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. B 41. B 42. D 43. D 44. A 45. A 46. C Section C 47. D 48. A 49. E 50. C III. Summary Writing 51. You can be fashionable and protect the environment at the same time even if they are often thought of as conflicting. By developing your own style, you can avoid buying new clothes constantly to keep fashionable. Choosing organic fabrics, instead of plant-based fabrics, is another approach. Lastly, stop buying clothes made from animal products. IV. Translation 52. Our company would be highly grateful for any feedback received. 53. Taking this new job will force Xiao Wang to get to Beijing by the end of this month. 54. People motivated by external rewards sometimes find it hard to meet goals that they set for themselves but no one else knows about. 55. The bad part of telling kids to stop feeling their true emotions is that they cannot express appropriate emotions when they need to. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to express my keen interest in hosting a British high school student, as our family is more than willing to participate in this rewarding program after a thorough discussion. Regarding Chinese culture, I am particularly fascinated by traditional Chinese calligraphy, which serves as a profound window into our philosophical heritage. I believe this art form perfectly encapsulates the harmony and aesthetics of the East. To introduce this to my guest, I plan to organize an immersive, hands-on session. I will invite the student to practice writing basic strokes with a brush, explaining the cultural connotations behind each character, thereby fostering mutual understanding. In conclusion, I am convinced that this homestay experience will be mutually beneficial. I sincerely hope my application will be taken into favorable consideration. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $