精品解析：上海市金山中学2025-2026学年度第二学期高二年级英语素养检测试题

2025学年度第二学期高二年级英语素养检测 I. Listening Comprehension Section A (10分) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A teacher. B. A physicist. C. A librarian. D. A publisher. 2. A. At 11:30. B. At 11:00. C. At 11:35. D. At 11:25. 3. A. Doctor and patient. B. Driver and passenger. C. Laundry worker and customer. D. Waitress and customer. 4. A. By bicycle. B. By car. C. By bus. D. By taxi. 5. A. Happy. B. Confident. C. Worried. D. Tired. 6. A. He does not like skiing. B. He admires those who ski. C. He believes skiing is enjoyable. D. He won’t ski until he has done his work. 7. A. It is fine as it is. B. Major revision is needed. C. Only a few changes should be made. D. It won’t be approved by the supervisor. 8. A. Priority should be given to listening. B. Reading should come before listening. C. It’s more effective to combine listening with reading. D. It’s most helpful to read English newspapers every day. 9. A. She did not bring the ticket. B. She forgot to bring them the card. C. She doesn’t want to attend a concert. D. She was unable to get the student discount. 10. A. She should consider health first. B. She should speed up her progress. C. She might suffer from some diseases. D. She should complete the unfinished task. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Children. B. Family. C. Parents. D. ASPCA. 12. A. Because most people are afraid of it. B. Because it is powerful and aggressive. C. Because it is very small and easy to train. D. Because it’s a companion and protection breed. 13. A. Ways to train various kinds of dogs. B. The importance of dogs in our daily life. C. Methods to collect information about dogs. D. How to choose an ideal dog for the family. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following lecture. 14. A. Play can find your inner child. B. Play can help people to be creative. C. Play can bring greater achievement. D. Play is instinctive and fundamental. 15. A. Our face will be with smile all day long. B. We’ll be amazed at the way we’re thinking. C. It would be a world with laughter, joy and entertainment. D. Our problem-solving abilities will be in good shape. 16. A. Play is part of human being’s nature. B. Play helps us to understand the world better. C. Play is important to stimulate your creative thinking. D. Play has several benefits and everyone is encouraged to play. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. He was punished for losing ¥100. B. His father banned him from using it. C. He would be rewarded with some money for not using it. D. His father thought it was a big deal to give up WeChat. 18. A. She no longer posted her photos on WeChat. B. She didn’t listen to others’ words and got lost. C. She had trouble finding her way in a new place. D. She was hurt because someone labelled her a silly girl. 19. A. He is not used to the life without WeChat. B. He doesn’t think using WeChat is a waste of time. C. He doesn’t think a phone call is as efficient as WeChat. D. He doesn’t think he should spend too much time on WeChat. 20. A. Offer training courses at the community gym. B. Keep the old people company in a nursing home. C. Make full use of the facilities at the community center. D. Volunteer to clean the swim lanes at the community center. II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (20分，每题2分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct. The Trouble with Friends On a daily basis, I teach kids. By “kids”, I mean teens to college-age, sometimes mid-twenties. Kids talk a lot about their friends, but don’t usually talk about their families. Sometimes I’m taken completely by surprise when, months into our knowing each other, a student mentions ___1___ (have) a twin. I suppose hearing the constant chatter about friends has made me consider my own, and how hard it can be ___2___ (maintain) these bonds as an adult. Mostly, what I notice is that I lose more friends than I make. An obvious reason for that is marriage. Friends get married and their spouses become their ___3___ (close) friends. My husband is now the person I spend the most time with. I tell him everything because I trust him with my thoughts, ___4___ stupid they may be. I used to be the same way with friends, but when I tell friends something now, I must accept the possibility that they will tell their spouses, ___5___ I often greet but rarely know. A friendship is truly strained when you don’t like the spouse. Sometimes this new person is so far removed from ___6___ you imagined for your friend that you wonder if you knew your friend at all. After marriage, a friend who used to discuss things with you stops doing so, and ___7___ (update) you only on definitive good news, never the bad, the ugly, or the in-progress. She saves all of that for her partner. In other words, you’re no longer included in the problem-solving. Of course, some matters belong first ___8___ the marriage: the stuff of intimacy, finance, family. Increasingly, my friends leave me out of these big conversations, and vice versa, but when ___9___ outcome is certain, we do update one another, which reminds us that we’re still friends, but with the friendship ____10____ (reduce) to a PowerPoint. 【答案】1. having 2. to maintain 3. closest 4. however 5. whom 6. what 7. updates 8. to 9. the 10. reduced 【解析】 【导语】文章探讨了成年后友谊的困境，特别是婚姻如何导致朋友之间疏远，由于配偶取代了朋友成为最亲密的倾诉对象，友谊逐渐被简化为只分享确定结果的表面联系。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：有时，在我们认识几个月后，一个学生提到自己有一个双胞胎，这让我完全措手不及。mention doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“提到做某事”，故用动名词形式having作宾语。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我想，听到他们不停地谈论朋友，让我反思自己的朋友关系，以及成年后维持这些纽带是多么困难。根据“how hard it can be”可知，此处用固定句型“it can be+形容词+to do sth.”表示“做某事可能是……的”，其中it作形式主语，需用maintain“维持”的不定式，作真正的主语。 【3题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：朋友们结婚了，他们的配偶就成了他们最亲密的朋友。空处作修饰friends的定语，结合下一句的“My husband is now the person I spend the most time with.”可知，此处表示“他们最亲密的朋友”，需用close“亲密的”最高级形式。 【4题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：我什么都告诉他，因为我信任他，无论我的想法多么愚蠢。根据“stupid they may be”可推知，此处表示让步的关系，且空后为“形容词+主语+系动词”的结构，应用意为“不管怎样，无论如何”的连接副词however引导让步状语从句。 【5题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我以前对朋友也是这样，但现在当我告诉朋友一些事情时，我必须接受他们可能会告诉他们的配偶——我经常打招呼却很少了解的人。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词spouses作补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作greet和know的宾语，应用关系代词whom作引导词。 【6题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：有时这个新人与你为朋友设想的形象相去甚远，以至于你会怀疑自己是否真的了解过这个朋友。空处引导名词性从句作from的宾语，宾语从句中imagined缺少宾语，表示“你所想象的东西”，宾语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。 【7题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：结婚后，一个曾经和你讨论事情的朋友不再这样做了，她只告诉你确凿的好消息，从不告诉你坏消息、丑陋的消息或正在进行中的事情。空处和stops并列，作句子的谓语，时态应保持一致，用一般现在时，且update“向……提供最新信息”也需用第三人称单数形式。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：当然，有些事情首先属于婚姻：亲密关系、财务、家庭之类的事。belong to为固定短语，意为“属于”。 【9题详解】 考查冠词。句意：渐渐地，我的朋友们把我排除在这些重大谈话之外，反之亦然，但当结果确定时，我们确实会互相告知，这提醒我们仍然是朋友，只不过友谊被简化成了一场幻灯片演示。结合本段开头的“definitive good news”可知，此处是特指，指特定的“那个结果”，用定冠词the。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：渐渐地，我的朋友们把我排除在这些重大谈话之外，反之亦然，但当结果确定时，我们确实会互相告知，这提醒我们仍然是朋友，只不过友谊被简化成了一场幻灯片演示。此处用了with的复合结构，空处作宾语补足语，固定短语be reduced to表示“被简化为，被减少为”，reduce和the friendship逻辑上是被动关系，因此用reduce过去分词形式。 Section B (20分，每题2分) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. appealing B. bargains C. credited D. identical E. intentionally F. items G. limited H. missteps I. pioneered J. gratefully K. scored Dupes are wearing out Lululemon Athletica Dupes are the products that cost less than the premium (高端的) versions but are of similar style and quality. Less expensive versions of premium products have become a(n) ____11____ alternative, particularly for younger shoppers. That is becoming a problem for Lululemon Athletica, the company that ____12____ high- end sportswear and made $100 leggings the norm. “The brand logo doesn’t hold as much appeal as it used to,” said Mikayla Kitsopoulos, a 22- year- old college student. “Finding ____13____ is the new status symbol.” When Kitsopoulos was in high school, she wore Lululemon leggings, which cost about $100. Now, she buys her leggings on Amazon for about $30. She said the quality and fit is almost ____14____, so why pay more? The heightened competition comes as Lululemon has made a series of ____15____ that have turned off even some of its most devoted fans. Not long ago, it removed a new type of leggings from its stores and website after customers complained about the fit. Other mistakes have included a color palette that was too ____16____ and not having enough of some products such as smaller size leggings. The misfires have pushed people such as Natalie Assink to ____17____ seek out different brands. The20- year- old college student said she switched from Lululemon to Gymshark and AYBL not just because their leggings cost less, but also because they have more color varieties. Buying cheaper versions of premium products isn’t new. Boasting about it is. Ellyn Briggs, Moring Consult’s brands analyst, ____18____ the growing popularity of dupes to inflation but also to the rise of social media. The No. I reason people said they bought dupes was to save money, according to Morning Consult’s survey. They also wanted to test out whether the cheaper versions were as good as the premium ____19____ and then post about them on TikTok or other platforms. “It’s more than just a transaction,” Briggs said. “They want to share the fact that they have ____20____ a success.” 【答案】11. A 12. I 13. B 14. D 15. H 16. G 17. E 18. C 19. F 20. K 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了平价替代品（dupes）的流行，特别是针对高端运动品牌Lululemon Athletica的影响，以及消费者选择平价替代品的原因和动机。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：高档产品的低价版已成为一种颇具吸引力的选择，尤其是对年轻消费者而言。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，appealing意为“吸引人的”，符合语境。故选A项。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：这已成为Lululemon Athletica公司的一个问题，该公司率先推出了高端运动服装，并使100美元的打底裤成为常态。此处是that引导的定语从句，从句缺少谓语，空处应填动词，根据后文的made可知，用一般过去时，所以pioneered意为“开创”，符合语境。故选I项。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：“品牌标识已不再像过去那样具有吸引力，”22 岁的大学生Mikayla Kitsopoulos说道，“寻找物美价廉的商品才是新的身份象征。”空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，bargain意为“便宜货”，符合语境，为可数名词，根据句意，此处用复数形式。故选B项。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她说，质量和合身度几乎一样，为什么要多付钱呢?空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，identical意为“相同的”，符合语境。故选D项。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：竞争加剧之际，Lululemon犯下了一系列失误，甚至让一些最忠实的粉丝也失去了兴趣。空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，此处指Lululemon犯了一系列错误，missteps意为“失误”，符合语境。故选H项。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：其他错误还包括配色过于有限，以及一些产品(如小号打底裤)数量不足。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，此处指颜色调色板太有限，limited意为“有限的”，符合语境。故选G项。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：这些失败促使Natalie Assink等人有意寻找不同的品牌。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词修饰，此处指这些失误促使人们故意寻找不同的品牌，intentionally意为“故意地”，符合语境。故选E项。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：Moring Consult公司的品牌分析师Ellyn Briggs将冒牌服装越来越受欢迎归因于通货膨胀，但也归因于社交媒体的兴起。本句缺少谓语，所以空处应填动词，此处指将平价替代品的日益流行归因于通货膨胀，credit…to…意为“把……归因于……”，符合语境，根据句意，此处描述已发生的事，用一般过去时。故选C项。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：他们还想测试一下便宜的版本是否和高级产品一样好，然后在TikTok或其他平台上发布有关它们的信息。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，此处指便宜版本是否和高端产品一样好，items意为“产品”，符合语境。故选F项。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：Briggs说：“这不仅仅是一笔交易。他们想分享他们取得成功的事实。”根据句意，此处表达已完成之事，用现在完成时，空前已有have，所以空处应填过去分词形式，此处指他们想分享他们取得成功的事实，scored意为“取得”，符合语境。故选K项。 Section A (30分，每题2分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Sufficient research has shown that when people believe that their managers are truly listening to their ideas and concerns, work relationships grow stronger, engagement rises, and performance improves. That’s why bosses have regular one-on-ones with their ____21____ reports, and new division heads go on listening tours. However, studies also show that such practices often are ____22____ — in part because many managers simply aren’t good listeners. When we conducted a comprehensive review of 117 academic papers on workplace listening, we found that this skill is far easier to describe than to ____23____. Why? Because listening is an ____24____ activity that requires empathy, patience, and the ability to respond to what you hear. And because it can be so ____25____ demanding, particularly when the subject matter is complex or emotionally charged, people often take shortcuts. Take Google’s all-company Friday meetings. For years these were weekly open forums (讨论会) where company leaders would share ____26____, discuss strategic developments, and take questions from employees. They played a critical role in maintaining a culture of ____27____ at the company. As Laszlo Bock, Google’s former vice president of people operations, once explained, they ____28____ “everything from whether the mix of food in the cafes is too healthy to really significant questions around whether our strategy with a particular country or product is good or evil.” ____29____, in 2019 Sundar Pichai, Google’s CEO, decided that the meetings were no longer working. Employees wanted to talk about controversial issues like the company’s handling of hate speech, and discussions were often ____30____ to the press. Pichai made them less regular and changed their ____31____. It seems that listening to everyone had gotten too difficult. Similar situations have played out at Activision Blizzard, where an attempt to address misconduct claims during a company town hall led to a massive strike, with workers complaining that leaders were ____32____ rather than meaningfully addressing their concerns, and at Amazon, where employees said that a daily survey designed to evaluate staff well-being was being prejudiced by managers’ direct pressure to give ____33____ answers and by worries that responses wouldn’t be kept privately protected. Listening without ____34____ action or explanation leads employees to believe their efforts — and yours — have been pointless. There is a fix for this: Always complete the communication cycle. Before ending a conversation, restate what you’ve heard, identify the next steps for action, and ____35____ a timeline for checking back in. That emphasizes forward momentum (势头) and ensures accountability. 21. A. direct B. external C. former D. temporary 22. A. chaotic B. beneficial C. ineffective D. innovative 23. A. document B. debate C. define D. display 24. A. automatic B. adaptive C. instant D. intentional 25. A. mentally B. physically C. financially D. visually 26. A. policies B. updates C. successes D. gossips 27. A. competition B. trust C. excellence D. diversity 28. A. improved B. highlighted C. covered D. transferred 29. A. Therefore B. However C. Similarly D. Alternatively 30. A. leaked B. announced C. recommended D. assigned 31. A. agenda B. duration C. format D. method 32. A. approving B. minimizing C. justifying D. resolving 33. A. honest B. random C. positive D. vague 34. A. dynamic B. periodic C. urgent D. subsequent 35. A. agree on B. comment on C. rule out D. stretch out 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】文章指出管理者倾听员工虽重要但常因缺乏技巧和后续行动而无效，并通过谷歌、动视暴雪和亚马逊的案例说明问题所在，最后建议通过完成沟通循环来改善倾听效果。 【21题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这就是为什么老板们会定期与他们的直接下属进行一对一谈话，而新部门负责人会进行倾听之旅。A. direct直接的；B. external外部的；C. former以前的；D. temporary临时的。根据下文“new division heads go on listening tours”可知，新部门负责人会进行倾听之旅，与之呼应，老板们则定期与直接下属进行一对一谈话，direct reports是固定搭配，意为“直接下属”。 【22题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，研究也表明，这些做法常常是无效的——部分原因是许多管理者根本不善于倾听。A. chaotic混乱的；B. beneficial有益的；C. ineffective无效的；D. innovative创新的。根据下文“in part because many managers simply aren’t good listeners”可知，管理者不善于倾听会导致这些做法无效。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：当我们对117篇关于职场倾听的学术论文进行全面综述时，发现这项技能更容易描述，却更难展现。A. document记录；B. debate辩论；C. define定义；D. display表现。根据上文“this skill is far easier to describe than to”可知，前后是比较的关系，职场倾听的技能易于描述，却难以真正展现。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意：因为倾听是一种有意的活动，需要同理心、耐心以及回应所听到内容的能力。A. automatic自动的；B. adaptive适应的；C. instant即时的；D. intentional有意的。根据下文“that requires empathy, patience, and the ability to respond to what you hear”可知，倾听需要同理心、耐心和回应能力，强调主动努力，是一种有意的活动。 【25题详解】 考查副词。句意：而且因为它对精神要求很高，尤其是当主题复杂或情绪化时，人们常常会走捷径。A. mentally精神上；B. physically身体上；C. financially财务上；D. visually视觉上。根据上文“listening is an ____ activity that requires empathy, patience, and the ability to respond to what you hear”可知，倾听需要同理心、耐心和回应能力，这些都属于精神层面的要求。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：多年来，这些是每周一次的公开论坛，公司领导会在会上分享最新消息、讨论战略发展，并回答员工的问题。A. policies政策；B. updates最新消息；C. successes成功；D. gossips八卦。根据下文“discuss strategic developments, and take questions from employees”可知，与“讨论战略发展”和“回答员工问题”并列的应该是“分享最新消息”。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：它们在维持公司信任文化方面发挥了关键作用。A. competition竞争；B. trust信任；C. excellence卓越；D. diversity多样性。根据上文“For years these were weekly open forums (讨论会) where company leaders would share ____, discuss strategic developments, and take questions from employees.”可知，领导讨论战略发展、回答问题有助于和员工建立信任。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：正如谷歌前人力运营副总裁Laszlo Bock曾解释的那样，它们涵盖了“从咖啡馆的食物搭配是否过于健康，到关于我们对某个国家或产品的战略是好是坏等真正重要的问题。”A. improved改进；B. highlighted强调；C. covered涵盖；D. transferred转移。根据下文“everything from whether the mix of food in the cafes is too healthy to really significant questions around whether our strategy with a particular country or product is good or evil”可知，这里列举公司会议上讨论的各种议题，指涵盖这些内容。 【29题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，在2019年，谷歌首席执行官Sundar Pichai认为这些会议不再有效。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Similarly类似地；D. Alternatively或者。根据下文“Sundar Pichai, Google’s CEO, decided that the meetings were no longer working”可知，上文介绍谷歌这些会议的积极作用，下文指出会议不再有效，上下文是转折的关系，应用However“然而”衔接。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：员工们想谈论有争议的问题，比如公司对仇恨言论的处理，而讨论内容经常被泄露给媒体。A. leaked泄露；B. announced宣布；C. recommended推荐；D. assigned分配。根据上文“Employees wanted to talk about controversial issues”和下文“to the press”可知，员工想谈论有争议的问题，这类讨论容易引发关注，会经常被泄露给媒体。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：Pichai减少了会议的频率并改变了它们的形式。A. agenda议程；B. duration持续时间；C. format形式；D. method方法。根据上文“Pichai made them less regular and changed their”可知，Pichai减少了会议的频率，意味着弱化会议，改变它们的形式。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：类似的情况也发生在动视暴雪，该公司在一次全体会议上试图处理不当行为指控，却导致大规模罢工，工人们抱怨领导层在淡化问题，而不是有意义地解决他们的担忧；还有亚马逊，员工们表示，旨在评估员工福祉的每日调查因经理直接施压要求给出积极答案，以及担心回复无法得到隐私保护而受到偏见影响。A. approving批准；B. minimizing最小化；C. justifying证明正当；D. resolving解决。根据下文“rather than meaningfully addressing their concerns”可知，与“有意义地解决他们的担忧”形成对立的是“最小化问题”，即淡化问题。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：类似的情况也发生在动视暴雪，该公司在一次全体会议上试图处理不当行为指控，却导致大规模罢工，工人们抱怨领导层在淡化问题，而不是有意义地解决他们的担忧；还有亚马逊，员工们表示，旨在评估员工福祉的每日调查因经理直接施压要求给出积极答案，以及担心回复无法得到隐私保护而受到偏见影响。A. honest诚实的；B. random随机的；C. positive积极的；D. vague模糊的。根据上文“a daily survey designed to evaluate staff well-being was being prejudiced by managers’ direct pressure”可知，经理直接施压让员工给出积极的答案，避免负面反馈，这会影响每日调查。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：没有后续行动或解释的倾听会让员工认为他们的努力——以及你的努力——都是徒劳的。A. dynamic动态的；B. periodic周期的；C. urgent紧急的；D. subsequent随后的。根据下文“identify the next steps for action”可知，文末的建议包含确定下一步行动，表明没有后续行动的倾听会导致双方努力无效。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：在结束对话之前，重述你所听到的内容，确定下一步行动，并商定一个回访的时间表。A. agree on就……达成一致意见；B. comment on就……发表评论；C. rule out排除；D. stretch out伸展。根据下文“a timeline for checking back in”和“That emphasizes forward momentum (势头) and ensures accountability.”可知，商定一个回访的时间表可以让倾听走向正向循坏，确保无法解决问题就会有问责。 A. Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) This year, my two oldest sons asked me to sign them up for piano lessons. For certain reasons, I decided it would also be a good time for me to take up the piano again, after 30 years. As a child, I learned not just the piano, but the cello. I played in two orchestras and sang in the school choir. No one forced me to do any of it, but it wasn’t quite a free choice either. When you are the approval-addicted daughter of an over-invested mother, no one needs to apply force. My mom and I were well matched partners in the dance of unspoken expectation and approval-seeking. I did her forcing for her. For my mother, my musical industriousness wasn’t so much about achievement as identity. She was American by birth, and after marrying my university professor father and moving to London, she spent a decade working to be accepted into the impatient, fraught world of British intellectual society. In this environment, a diligent daughter lugging a giant cello was a tiny amount of cultural capital, a ticket to belonging. As much as anything could, music made me into the person my mother needed me to be, so that she could be the person she needed to be, in order to escape who she actually was. And for my part, although I never truly believed that my mother’s love was conditional, I did have the suspicion that there was a performance-related bonus in there. It was foolish to think that taking up the piano at the same time as my own children would be emotionally uncomplicated. Or perhaps the complication was exactly why I sought it out. Somehow, the piano lessons turn me into both my childhood self, seeking my mother’s approval, and into my mother herself, putting the same high expectations on my own children. My mother was lucky in that I was temperamentally (性情地) suited to the role she assigned me. My sons are not so much so. They are rambunctious and restless, not wired for lengthy sessions of sitting still and reflecting well on me. Unconditional love may be at the defining heart of parenthood, but sometimes it can feel impossible to accommodate unconditional love to the worldly practices of day-to-day parenting. The whole job seems set up for conditionality: It would be dishonest to pretend that we have no stake in wanting our children to reflect our own values and preferences. I’m disappointed when my sons won’t play their role in the script I have written for them, but deep down, I’m also a little thrilled. They are maddeningly, gloriously resistant to the pressure. A secret part of me is delighted by their raging demands for full personhood — beyond my projections and hopes and fears. By the life they claim. 36. The underlined sentence in paragraph two means ______. A. the author demanded to learn musical instruments out of pure love B. the author forced her mum to sign her up for piano lessons against her will C. the author’s mom pushed her to learn musical instruments for her own sake D. the author offered to learn musical instruments to obtain her mom’s approval 37. The author’s mother think of the author’s musical industriousness as ______. A. a symbol more of family achievement than of social identity B. a way for her to fit into the British intellectual society at that time C. proof of her ability to be a qualified mother in front of her husband D. a result of her selfless cultivation more than the author’s own diligence 38. Which of the following is TRUE from the author’s perspective? A. She doesn’t care about her sons’ levels of playing musical instruments. B. She has a mixed feeling towards her sons’ reluctance to practise musical instruments. C. She feels sorrowful because her sons are unlikely skilled at playing musical instruments. D. She is still convinced that her sons could be as talented on musical instruments as she was. 39. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Can Musical Talents Really be Inherited? B. Can We Really Force Our Children to Love Music? C. Can We Really Love Our Children Unconditionally? D. Can Playing Instruments Help Us Fit into Intellectual Society? 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从自己的经历讲述了对于父母无条件的爱的看法。 【36题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段划线处上句“When you are the approval-addicted daughter of an over-invested mother, no one needs to apply force. My mom and I were well matched partners in the dance of unspoken expectation and approval-seeking. (如果你是过度投入的母亲的女儿，那么没有人需要使用武力。在无言的期待和寻求认同的舞蹈中，我和妈妈是非常般配的一对。)”可知，作者主动提出学习乐器以获得母亲的认可。故选D。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“For my mother, my musical industriousness wasn’t so much about achievement as identity. She was American by birth, and after marrying my university professor father and moving to London, she spent a decade working to be accepted into the impatient, fraught world of British intellectual society. (对我母亲来说，我在音乐上的勤奋与其说是成就，不如说是身份。她出生在美国，在嫁给我的大学教授父亲并搬到伦敦后，她花了10年的时间努力工作，以便被英国知识分子社会这个不耐烦、充满忧虑的世界所接受。)”可知，作者的母亲认为作者在音乐上的勤奋是她融入当时英国知识界的一种方式。故选B。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“I’m disappointed when my sons won’t play their role in the script I have written for them, but deep down, I’m also a little thrilled. (当我的儿子们不能在我为他们写的剧本中扮演他们的角色时，我很失望，但在内心深处，我也有点激动。)”可知，作者对于儿子们不愿练习乐器，一方面是失望，另一方面是激动，作者的心里感受是复杂的。故选B。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“And for my part, although I never truly believed that my mother’s love was conditional, I did have the suspicion that there was a performance- related bonus in there. (对我来说，虽然我从来没有真正相信我母亲的爱是有条件的，但我确实怀疑其中有与表现相关的好处。)”可知，作者从自己的学习乐器的经历讲述了对于父母无条件的爱的看法。C项：Can We Really Love Our Children Unconditionally? (我们真的能无条件地爱我们的孩子吗？)合乎题意。故选C。 (B) Cornell Note-Taking Method: A Simplified Guide The Cornell Note-Taking Method, created by Professor Walter Pauk in the 1950s, is a structured way to organize notes and enhance learning. It divides a page into three main sections: a cue column on the left, a note-taking area on the right, and a summary section at the bottom. How to Use It: Title Header: Write the topic at the top of the page. Include the date or objective for reference. Cue Column: Use this narrow left section for key terms, questions, or main ideas. Think of it as a glossary to help you quickly find important points later. Note-Taking Area: Record detailed notes here during lectures or reading. Focus on important facts and references. Summary Section: At the bottom, summarize the main ideas in one or two sentences. This reinforces your understanding and makes review easier. Tips for Effective Use: Self-Quiz Questions: Write simple questions in the cue column to test yourself later. Summarize Even if Incomplete: Reflect on key points in your own words, even if your notes aren't perfect. Color Coding: Use colors to highlight key terms, definitions, and examples. This makes your notes clearer and more engaging. Next Steps: Add actions you need to take in the summary to keep learning proactive. Versatile Uses: Meetings and Interviews: Record key points in the note-taking area, highlight themes in the cue column, and summarize takeaways. Brainstorming: Jot down ideas in the main section, categorize them in the cue column, and identify top ideas in the summary. Project Planning: Note goals and milestones in the main area, deadlines in the cue column, and create an action plan in the summary. The Cornell Note-Taking Method represents a robust and versatile framework for organizing information across diverse learning and professional contexts. By promoting active engagement, critical thinking, and structured review, it enhances the efficiency of knowledge acquisition and retention. Whether employed by students in lecture halls or professionals in meetings, the Cornell Method remains a valuable tool for those seeking to optimize their note-taking practices. 40. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the history of the Cornell Note-Taking Method. B. To explain how to effectively use the Cornell Note-Taking Method. C. To compare different note-taking methods for various learning styles. D. To describe the benefits of using visual aids in note-taking. 41. What is the advantage of adding a "next steps" section in the summary of Cornell notes? A. It helps to quickly identify the main ideas of the material. B. It allows for a more organized and visually appealing set of notes. C. It transforms notes into actionable tools for further learning. D. It reduces the mental load when testing yourself with self-quiz questions. 42. Imagine you are the student council president organizing a charity event at your high school. How would you apply the Cornell Method to capture the most important information during the planning meeting? A. Write the event schedule in the cue column. B. Note key points and tasks in the note-taking area. C. Summarize the main goals in the summary section. D. List potential sponsors in the summary section. 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了康奈尔笔记法，包括其结构组成、使用方法、有效使用技巧以及多种适用场景。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Cornell Note-Taking Method, created by Professor Walter Pauk in the 1950s, is a structured way to organize notes and enhance learning. (康奈尔笔记法由沃尔特・波克教授于20世纪50年代创立，是一种结构化的笔记整理方式，旨在提升学习效果)”并结合全文内容可知，文章开篇介绍了康奈尔笔记法的起源和基本结构，随后详细说明了其使用步骤，如标题栏、提示栏、笔记区和总结栏的用途，并提供了高效使用的技巧，最后阐述了该方法在会议、头脑风暴和项目规划等多样化场景中的应用，全文核心围绕如何有效使用康奈尔笔记法展开。故选B项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Tips for Effective Use”中“Next Steps: Add actions you need to take in the summary to keep learning proactive. (下一步行动：在总结部分添加你需要采取的行动，以保持学习的主动性)”可知，“next steps”的作用是将笔记转化为推动进一步学习的行动指南，即将笔记转化为进一步学习的可执行工具。故选C项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据“How to Use It”中康奈尔笔记法的结构“Note-Taking Area: Record detailed notes here during lectures or reading. Focus on important facts and references. (在笔记区记录讲座或阅读中的详细内容，重点关注重要事实和参考信息)”可知，会议中的关键点和任务应记录在笔记区，而提示栏用于分类或主题标注，总结栏用于提炼核心目标，因此，记录会议要点和任务最符合笔记区的功能。故选B项。 (C) In the early 2000s, Merlin Mann, a Web designer and devoted Macintosh enthusiast, was working as a freelance (自由职业的) project manager for software companies. He had held similar roles for years, so he knew the ins and outs of the job; he was surprised, therefore, to find that he was literally buried under — not by the mentally challenging aspects of his work but by the many small administrative tasks, such as scheduling conference calls, that surfaced up from a chaotic stream of e-mail messages. Mann wasn’t alone in his frustration. Work lives that had once been orderly — two or three blocks of work, broken up by meetings and phone calls — became wildly busy, unplanned, and impossibly overloaded. “E-mail is a ball of uncertainty that represents anxiety,” Mann said, reflecting on this period. Things have not since changed much. Most of us are not our own bosses, and therefore lack the ability to dramatically rebuild the structure of our work responsibilities, but imagine if, through some combination of new management thinking and technology, we could introduce processes that minimize the time required to talk about work or fight off random tasks thrown our way by equally stressed co-workers, and instead let us organize our days around a small number of separate and specific objectives. This vision is attractive, but it cannot be realized by individual actions alone. It will require management intervention. Up until now, there has been little will to shift the responsibility for productivity from the person to the organization. Most knowledge-work companies have been more focused on keeping up with technological breakthroughs that might open up new markets, without addressing the fundamental issues that underlie workplace inefficiency. To get more done, it’s been sufficient to simply encourage employees to work harder. Laptops and smartphones helped these efforts by enabling office workers to find extra hours in the day to get things done, providing a productivity balance against the inefficiencies of overload culture. It seems likely that any successful effort to reform professional life must start by making it easier to figure out who is working on what, and how it’s going. Because so much of our effort in the office now develops in rapid exchanges of digital messages, it’s tempting to allow our in-boxes to become an informal storage place for everything we need to get done. This strategy, however, covers up many of the worst aspects of overload culture. Consider instead a system that externalizes work. Following the lead of software developers, we might use virtual task boards, where every task is represented by a card that indicates who is doing the work, and is pinned under a column indicating its status. With a quick glance, you can now determine everything going on within your team and ask meaningful questions about how much work any one person should tackle at a time. With this setup, improvement becomes possible. 43. What does the author try to illustrate with the example of Merlin Mann? A. More and more people have started to hop from one job to another. B. Creative design is very demanding mentally when done individually. C. Too many job responsibilities to perform could make people depressed. D. Small tasks could emerge at random to keep people disorganized at work. 44. What is the author’s view of email use in the workplace? A. It helps employees keep track of the work that has been piled up. B. It contributes to the difficulty and inefficiency of task management. C. It facilitates emotional support in times of uncertainty and anxiety. D. It provides an opportunity for employees to communicate informally. 45. What change does the author try to introduce in the workplace? A. Enhancing work flow with the aid of technology. B. Reducing workload and lowering the stress level. C. Setting distinct attainable goals for individuals. D. Redistributing work duties among employees. 46. What can be inferred about the system the author suggests? A. New software can help to hire workers from outside. B. Teamwork will become easier with a big picture. C. Division of labor will be negotiated within a team. D. Virtual reality can help to do on-the-job training. 【答案】43. D 44. B 45. A 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨现代职场中琐碎任务导致的工作低效问题，并提出借助技术优化工作流程的设想。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“He had held similar roles for years, so he knew the ins and outs of the job; he was surprised, therefore, to find that he was literally buried under — not by the mentally challenging aspects of his work but by the many small administrative tasks, such as scheduling conference calls, that surfaced up from a chaotic stream of e-mail messages. (他担任类似职位已有多年，因此对这份工作的细节了如指掌；然而令他惊讶的是，自己简直被压得喘不过气来——并非被工作中需要耗费脑力的部分所累，而是被大量琐碎的行政任务所淹没，比如安排电话会议，这些任务都源自杂乱无章的电子邮件信息流。)”可知，作者通过Merlin Mann的例子说明，随机涌现的小任务会让人在工作中变得杂乱无章。故选D项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的““E-mail is a ball of uncertainty that represents anxiety,” Mann said, reflecting on this period. (曼在回顾这段时期时说：“电子邮件是一团代表着焦虑的不确定性之球。”)”及第五段中的“Because so much of our effort in the office now develops in rapid exchanges of digital messages, it’s tempting to allow our in-boxes to become an informal storage place for everything we need to get done. This strategy, however, covers up many of the worst aspects of overload culture. (由于我们如今在办公室的大量工作都以数字信息的快速交换形式展开，我们很容易想当然地将收件箱当作存放所有待办事项的非正式存储库。然而，这种策略掩盖了过载文化中许多最糟糕的方面。)”可知，作者认为职场中使用电子邮件加剧了任务管理的困难和低效。故选B项。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Consider instead a system that externalizes work. Following the lead of software developers, we might use virtual task boards, where every task is represented by a card that indicates who is doing the work, and is pinned under a column indicating its status. (不妨考虑一种将工作外化的系统。我们可以效仿软件开发人员的做法，使用虚拟任务板：每个任务都用一张卡片来表示，卡片上标明负责该任务的人员，并且这些卡片会被固定在相应的列下，这些列标明了任务的状态。)”可知，作者主张借助技术（如虚拟任务板）优化工作流程。故选A项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“With a quick glance, you can now determine everything going on within your team and ask meaningful questions about how much work any one person should tackle at a time. With this setup, improvement becomes possible.(快速浏览一下，你就能了解团队内正在进行的所有事情，并就每个人一次应该处理多少工作提出有意义的问题。有了这个设置，改进就成为可能。)”可知，作者建议的系统通过可视化任务板让团队成员对工作全局一目了然，从而使团队协作更轻松。故选B项。 Section C (8分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Innovations in Food Production: Cultivated Meat Innovators in the United States and around the world will soon bring to market new and transformative products that have the ability to reshape animal agriculture as we know it. Consumers will be able to purchase meat and other animal-derived foods without supporting cruel, unclean, and unsafe factory farms and slaughterhouses. Cultivated meat — also referred to as slaughter-free meat or cell-based meat, is just that — animal meat produced from animals’ cells, without having to raise and kill living, feeling beings. ____47____ We do not need to rely on this flawed industrial system. Cultivated meat production will remove the need to crowd thousands of animals into cages and crowded barns, and of course would not require billions of animals to be slaughtered each year. The cell culturing process — similar to those used in making beer and cheese — can replace factory farms and eliminate the need to slaughter animals. Not only will cultivated meat production cut out the cruelty and suffering inherent in industrial factory farming, it promises to dramatically reduce environmental impacts. ____48____ They place these dangerous substances in massive “lagoons” that dot the American landscape. These waste lagoons threaten the public health and often spill over to pollute miles of waterways and kill countless wild animals. These lagoons are entirely absent from cultivated meat production. Absent too would be the bad smells and other harmful air pollutants local communities have to endure thanks to factory farms. And factory farms have to use huge amounts of antibiotics and other drugs to prevent and control disease because they crowd stressed, suffering animals by the thousands into dirty warehouses. ____49____ Every year more and more consumers are rejecting cruel and unsustainable factory-farmed products and demanding something better. ____50____ And that trend is only gaining momentum. For example, data collected by the Plant Based Foods Association (PBFA) found a 24% year to year growth in demand for plant-based meats in 2018! As interest in healthier and more sustainable options to slaughtered meat increases, cultivated meat can step in to help meet this booming demand. A. In contrast, cultivated meat production facilities will provide safe, clean, and controlled environments. B. Factory farms necessitate the disposal of animal waste, drugs, and chemicals. C. Animal agriculture causes animal suffering, pollutes the environment, and threatens human welfare. D. While cultivated meat avoids slaughter, some worry about its sensory qualities. E. We have seen dramatic growth in the demand for plant-based meats and milks in recent years. F. Some worry that scaling up production may require significant energy, reducing its environmental edge. 【答案】47. C 48. B 49. A 50. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食品生产领域的创新——培育肉，阐述了其生产方式，并说明了培育肉相比传统工厂化养殖的优势以及消费者对更健康、可持续食品需求的增长趋势。 【47题详解】 根据上文“Consumers will be able to purchase meat and other animal-derived foods without supporting cruel, unclean, and unsafe factory farms and slaughterhouses. Cultivated meat — also referred to as slaughter-free meat or cell-based meat, is just that — animal meat produced from animals’ cells, without having to raise and kill living, feeling beings. (消费者将能够购买肉类和其他动物源性食品，而无需支持残忍、不清洁和不安全的工厂化农场和屠宰场。培育肉——也被称为无屠宰肉或细胞基肉，正是如此——从动物细胞中生产的动物肉，无需饲养和宰杀有生命、有感知的生物。)”以及下文“We do not need to rely on this flawed industrial system. Cultivated meat production will remove the need to crowd thousands of animals into cages and crowded barns, and of course would not require billions of animals to be slaughtered each year. (我们不需要依赖这个有缺陷的工业系统。培育肉生产将消除将数千只动物挤入笼子和拥挤的谷仓的需要，当然也不需要每年屠宰数十亿只动物。)”可知，此空应总结传统动物农业存在的问题，从而引出培育肉的优势。C选项“Animal agriculture causes animal suffering, pollutes the environment, and threatens human welfare. (动物农业导致动物痛苦，污染环境，并威胁人类福利。)”中的“causes animal suffering, pollutes the environment, and threatens human welfare”概括了传统农业的弊端，“this flawed industrial system”即动物农业的劣势，从而突出培育肉的优势所在，符合语境。故选C项。 【48题详解】 根据上文“Not only will cultivated meat production cut out the cruelty and suffering inherent in industrial factory farming, it promises to dramatically reduce environmental impacts. (培育肉生产不仅会消除工业工厂化养殖中固有的残忍和痛苦，还有望显著降低环境影响。)”以及下文“They place these dangerous substances in massive “lagoons” that dot the American landscape. These waste lagoons threaten the public health and often spill over to pollute miles of waterways and kill countless wild animals. (他们将这些危险物质放置在遍布美国各地的巨大“泻湖”中。这些废物泻湖威胁公众健康，并经常溢出污染数英里的水道，杀死无数野生动物。)”可知，此空应提及工厂化农场在环境影响方面的具体做法，尤其是废弃物处理问题。B选项“Factory farms necessitate the disposal of animal waste, drugs, and chemicals. (工厂化农场必须处理动物粪便、药物和化学物质。)”中的“disposal of animal waste, drugs, and chemicals”对应下文“dangerous substances”和“waste lagoons”，解释了工厂化农场对环境造成污染的原因，符合语境。故选B项。 【49题详解】 根据上文“And factory farms have to use huge amounts of antibiotics and other drugs to prevent and control disease because they crowd stressed, suffering animals by the thousands into dirty warehouses. (工厂化农场不得不使用大量抗生素和其他药物来预防和控制疾病，因为它们将数千只处于压力和痛苦中的动物挤入肮脏的仓库。)”可知，此空应将工厂化农场的弊端与培育肉的优势进行对比。A选项“In contrast, cultivated meat production facilities will provide safe, clean, and controlled environments. (相比之下，培育肉生产设施将提供安全、清洁和可控的环境。)”中的“In contrast”表明对比关系，“safe, clean, and controlled environments”与上文工厂化农场的“dirty warehouses”形成鲜明对比，突出培育肉在生产环境上的优势，符合语境。故选A项。 【50题详解】 根据上文“Every year more and more consumers are rejecting cruel and unsustainable factory-farmed products and demanding something better. (每年都有越来越多的消费者拒绝残忍和不可持续的工厂化养殖产品，并要求更好的东西。)”以及下文“And that trend is only gaining momentum. For example, data collected by the Plant Based Foods Association (PBFA) found a 24% year to year growth in demand for plant-based meats in 2018! (而且这一趋势只会越来越强劲。例如，植物基食品协会（PBFA）收集的数据发现，2018年植物基肉类的需求同比增长24%！)”可知，此空应具体说明消费者对替代食品需求增长的情况。E选项“We have seen dramatic growth in the demand for plant-based meats and milks in recent years. (近年来，我们看到对植物基肉类和牛奶的需求急剧增长。)”中的“dramatic growth in the demand for plant-based meats”与下文“24% year to year growth”相呼应，用具体数据支撑了消费者需求增长的趋势，符合语境。故选E项。 IV. Multiple choice (10分，每题1分) Directions: Analyse these sentences below. Then choose the best answer. 51. Even on New Year’s Eve, Shanghai’s Huanghe Road used to be home to over 100 restaurants, many of ________ served high-end fare that only the rich and famous could afford. A. them B. whom C. that D. which 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：即使在除夕夜，上海的黄河路过去也是一百多家餐馆的所在地，其中许多餐馆提供只有富人和名人才能消费得起的高档美食。空处和空前的many of搭配，形成“代词+of+关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词restaurants作补充说明，先行词指物，作介词of的宾语，因此关系代词应用which。 52. The city held a grand parade on the occasion ________ its annual cultural festival was celebrated. A. which B. that C. when D. what 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个城市在庆祝一年一度的文化节时举行了盛大的游行。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是the occasion，指时间，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以空处需用关系副词when引导定语从句。故选C。 53. The world of sport is a place full of exciting opportunities ______ you can truly learn more about yourself. A. that B. when C. where D. what 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：体育世界是一个充满令人兴奋的机会的地方，在那里你可以真正更多地了解自己。根据句子结构可知，“______ you can truly learn more about yourself”是名词“a place”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故选C项。 54. After ten hours’ drive, we came to a green house, through ______ glass wall we saw lots of green plants. A. what B. that C. whose D. which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：开车十小时后，我们来到了一所温室，透过它的玻璃墙我们看到了许多绿色的植物。此处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是house，关与空格后的glass wall是所属关系，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose，故选C。 55. It was ______ she won the Academy Award for Best Actress ______ signaled the realization of all her long-held dreams. A. the moment when; that B. the moment which; that C. the moment; that D. the moment that; which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查强调句。句意：是她赢得奥斯卡最佳女主角奖的那一刻，标志着她所有长期梦想的实现。这是一个强调句，用来强调某个特定的时间点或事件。强调句的常见结构是：“It is/was... that...”。在这个结构中，It is/was后面跟着被强调的部分，然后that引导句子的其余部分。我们需要在第一个空填入被强调的部分，第二个空填入that以完成强调结构。the moment when可以作为一个完整的结构，表示“当……的时刻”，when引导的是一个时间状语从句。然而，在强调句中，我们通常不需要when来引导时间，因为the moment本身就可以作为被强调的时间点，when是多余的。the moment which中的which用于定语从句，但the moment后的定语从句通常用when或that（或省略），而which不能指代时间。因此，唯一完全符合强调句结构的选项是the moment; that。故选C。 56. The reason ________ he didn’t attend the meeting was not ________ he was too busy with other tasks but ________ he had completely forgotten about it. A. why; /; that B. that; /; because C. why; that; that D. why; because; because 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：他没有参加会议的原因不是他忙于其他工作，而是他完全把它忘了。第一个空引导定语从句，先行词The reason在定语从句作原因状语，关系词为why。第二个空和第三个空为表语从句，从句句意和句子结构完整，连接词都为that。“原因是……”为“The reason is that…”而非“because”，故选C项。 57. There were ______ few people ______ came to his concert ______ he felt really disappointed. A. such; who; which B. such; that; that C. so; who; that D. so; that; which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查结果状语从句和定语从句。句意：来听他音乐会的人太少了，他感到很失望。当名词前有few，little，many，much等表示数量多少的词修饰时，要用so，而不用such，所以第一空填so；“______ came to his concer”是定语从句，修饰先行词“people”，从句中缺少主语，所以第二空填who；“so...that...”是固定结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，所以第三空填that。故选C。 58. Last month, a 7.9-magnitude earthquake struck Myanmar, from ______ effects the people there are still suffering. A. which B. what C. whose D. that 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上个月，缅甸发生了7.9级地震，当地人民至今仍在遭受地震的影响。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词earthquake，且先行词在从句中做定语，故应用关系代词whose。故选C。 59. Whenever I met her，________ was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。不论何时遇见她，她总是用甜美的微笑和我打招呼，这是经常的事。此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语。答案B。 60. Gun control is a subject________ Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. into which D. about which 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：枪支管制是美国人长期争论的话题。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“subject”，指物，“argue about sth.”意为“争论某事”，先行词带入从句中作“about”的宾语，故应用“介词about +关系代词which”引导从句。故选D项。 V. Translation (15分，3+3+4+5) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 61. 应该教会孩子当身陷困境时要向他人寻求帮助。（turn）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Children should be taught to turn to others for help when they are in trouble. 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句、被动语态。表示“应该教会孩子”为被动语态，表示“孩子们”用children，表示“应该被教会做某事”用should be taught to do，表示“向他人寻求帮助”用turn to others for help，表示“当身陷困境时”用when引导的时间状语从句，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，表示“身陷困境”用be in trouble，主语为they，be动词用are。故翻译为Children should be taught to turn to others for help when they are in trouble. 62. 一听到他的哥哥在地震中幸存下来的消息，他忍不住大哭起来。（burst）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Upon hearing the news that his brother had survived the earthquake, he couldn’t help but burst into tears. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和同位语从句。句子包含主语“他”的两个主要行为：“忍不住大哭”和“听到消息”，前者是讲述重点，故应构成句子主干。根据汉语提示可知，“他的哥哥在地震中幸存下来”是“消息”的内容，故此处可用同位语从句来表示；又因为“幸存”发生在“大哭”这一动作的过去，蕴含着“已经幸存下来”的意味，故从句时态可用过去完成时；由于他在听到消息后立刻大哭，可以用非谓语动词固定结构“Upon doing…”来表达“一……就”，故句子前半句可译为“Upon hearing the news that his brother had survived the earthquake”。主句中“忍不住做……”用固定短语“can’t help but do…”来表示，此句可能是在描述过去的一个场景，故可用过去式“couldn’t help but do…”；根据提示词burst可知，“大哭”用短语“burst into tears”来表示，故主句可译为“he couldn’t help but burst into tears”。故翻译为Upon hearing the news that his brother had survived the earthquake, he couldn’t help but burst into tears. 63. 正是高中的学习经历使我相信，不论过程多么艰难，我们的努力终将得到回报。（It...; convince) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It was the learning experience in high school that convinced me that no matter how hard the process was, our efforts would eventually pay off. 【解析】 【详解】考查强调句和宾语从句以及时态。根据句意可知，“正是高中的学习经历使我相信”为强调句式：it be +被强调部分+that+其他部分。句子陈述过去的事情，为一般过去时。表示“高中的学习经历”为learning experience in high school，作主语，为被强调部分；表示“使……相信”应用动词convince，“使我相信……”表达为convince me that...，that引导宾语从句。宾语从句“不论过程多么艰难，我们的努力终将得到回报”表达为含有no matter how引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句；“艰难”为形容词hard，“过程”为名词process，“不论过程多么艰难”状语从句的结构为： no matter how+形容词+主语+谓语，时态为一般过去时。“我们的努力”为名词短语our efforts，“得到回报”为动词短语pay off，“我们的努力终将得到回报”应用过去将来时，表达为our efforts would eventually pay off。故翻译为：It was the learning experience in high school that convinced me that no matter how hard the process was, our efforts would eventually pay off。 64. 毋庸置疑，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题，但令人欣慰的是，政府正采取有力措施来解决它。 (deny) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is no denying that air pollution is an extremely serious problem, but to people’s relief, the government is taking strong measures to deal with it. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型，时态和短语。根据句意，描述一般事实用一般现在时，结合提示词，“毋庸置疑”可用句型there is no denying that，that引导同位语从句，解释说明denying，“空气污染是一个极其严重的问题”译为 air pollution is an extremely serious problem，but表示转折，“令人欣慰的是”译为to people’s relief ，“政府正采取有力措施来解决它”用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，译为the government is taking strong measures to deal with it。故翻译为There is no denying that air pollution is an extremely serious problem, but to people’s relief, the government is taking strong measures to deal with it. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025学年度第二学期高二年级英语素养检测 I. Listening Comprehension Section A (10分) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A teacher. B. A physicist. C. A librarian. D. A publisher. 2. A. At 11:30. B. At 11:00. C. At 11:35. D. At 11:25. 3. A. Doctor and patient. B. Driver and passenger. C. Laundry worker and customer. D. Waitress and customer. 4. A. By bicycle. B. By car. C. By bus. D. By taxi. 5. A. Happy. B. Confident. C. Worried. D. Tired. 6. A. He does not like skiing. B. He admires those who ski. C. He believes skiing is enjoyable. D. He won’t ski until he has done his work. 7. A. It is fine as it is. B. Major revision is needed. C. Only a few changes should be made. D. It won’t be approved by the supervisor. 8. A. Priority should be given to listening. B. Reading should come before listening. C. It’s more effective to combine listening with reading. D. It’s most helpful to read English newspapers every day. 9. A. She did not bring the ticket. B. She forgot to bring them the card. C. She doesn’t want to attend a concert. D. She was unable to get the student discount. 10. A. She should consider health first. B. She should speed up her progress. C. She might suffer from some diseases. D. She should complete the unfinished task. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Children. B. Family. C. Parents. D. ASPCA. 12. A. Because most people are afraid of it. B. Because it is powerful and aggressive. C. Because it is very small and easy to train. D. Because it’s a companion and protection breed. 13. A. Ways to train various kinds of dogs. B. The importance of dogs in our daily life. C. Methods to collect information about dogs. D. How to choose an ideal dog for the family. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following lecture. 14. A. Play can find your inner child. B. Play can help people to be creative. C. Play can bring greater achievement. D. Play is instinctive and fundamental. 15. A. Our face will be with smile all day long. B. We’ll be amazed at the way we’re thinking. C. It would be a world with laughter, joy and entertainment. D. Our problem-solving abilities will be in good shape. 16. A. Play is part of human being’s nature. B. Play helps us to understand the world better. C. Play is important to stimulate your creative thinking. D. Play has several benefits and everyone is encouraged to play. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. He was punished for losing ¥100. B. His father banned him from using it. C. He would be rewarded with some money for not using it. D. His father thought it was a big deal to give up WeChat. 18. A. She no longer posted her photos on WeChat. B. She didn’t listen to others’ words and got lost. C. She had trouble finding her way in a new place. D. She was hurt because someone labelled her a silly girl. 19. A. He is not used to the life without WeChat. B. He doesn’t think using WeChat is a waste of time. C. He doesn’t think a phone call is as efficient as WeChat. D. He doesn’t think he should spend too much time on WeChat. 20. A. Offer training courses at the community gym. B. Keep the old people company in a nursing home. C. Make full use of the facilities at the community center. D. Volunteer to clean the swim lanes at the community center. II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (20分，每题2分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct. The Trouble with Friends On a daily basis, I teach kids. By “kids”, I mean teens to college-age, sometimes mid-twenties. Kids talk a lot about their friends, but don’t usually talk about their families. Sometimes I’m taken completely by surprise when, months into our knowing each other, a student mentions ___1___ (have) a twin. I suppose hearing the constant chatter about friends has made me consider my own, and how hard it can be ___2___ (maintain) these bonds as an adult. Mostly, what I notice is that I lose more friends than I make. An obvious reason for that is marriage. Friends get married and their spouses become their ___3___ (close) friends. My husband is now the person I spend the most time with. I tell him everything because I trust him with my thoughts, ___4___ stupid they may be. I used to be the same way with friends, but when I tell friends something now, I must accept the possibility that they will tell their spouses, ___5___ I often greet but rarely know. A friendship is truly strained when you don’t like the spouse. Sometimes this new person is so far removed from ___6___ you imagined for your friend that you wonder if you knew your friend at all. After marriage, a friend who used to discuss things with you stops doing so, and ___7___ (update) you only on definitive good news, never the bad, the ugly, or the in-progress. She saves all of that for her partner. In other words, you’re no longer included in the problem-solving. Of course, some matters belong first ___8___ the marriage: the stuff of intimacy, finance, family. Increasingly, my friends leave me out of these big conversations, and vice versa, but when ___9___ outcome is certain, we do update one another, which reminds us that we’re still friends, but with the friendship ____10____ (reduce) to a PowerPoint. Section B (20分，每题2分) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. appealing B. bargains C. credited D. identical E. intentionally F. items G. limited H. missteps I. pioneered J. gratefully K. scored Dupes are wearing out Lululemon Athletica Dupes are the products that cost less than the premium (高端的) versions but are of similar style and quality. Less expensive versions of premium products have become a(n) ____11____ alternative, particularly for younger shoppers. That is becoming a problem for Lululemon Athletica, the company that ____12____ high- end sportswear and made $100 leggings the norm. “The brand logo doesn’t hold as much appeal as it used to,” said Mikayla Kitsopoulos, a 22- year- old college student. “Finding ____13____ is the new status symbol.” When Kitsopoulos was in high school, she wore Lululemon leggings, which cost about $100. Now, she buys her leggings on Amazon for about $30. She said the quality and fit is almost ____14____, so why pay more? The heightened competition comes as Lululemon has made a series of ____15____ that have turned off even some of its most devoted fans. Not long ago, it removed a new type of leggings from its stores and website after customers complained about the fit. Other mistakes have included a color palette that was too ____16____ and not having enough of some products such as smaller size leggings. The misfires have pushed people such as Natalie Assink to ____17____ seek out different brands. The20- year- old college student said she switched from Lululemon to Gymshark and AYBL not just because their leggings cost less, but also because they have more color varieties. Buying cheaper versions of premium products isn’t new. Boasting about it is. Ellyn Briggs, Moring Consult’s brands analyst, ____18____ the growing popularity of dupes to inflation but also to the rise of social media. The No. I reason people said they bought dupes was to save money, according to Morning Consult’s survey. They also wanted to test out whether the cheaper versions were as good as the premium ____19____ and then post about them on TikTok or other platforms. “It’s more than just a transaction,” Briggs said. “They want to share the fact that they have ____20____ a success.” Section A (30分，每题2分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Sufficient research has shown that when people believe that their managers are truly listening to their ideas and concerns, work relationships grow stronger, engagement rises, and performance improves. That’s why bosses have regular one-on-ones with their ____21____ reports, and new division heads go on listening tours. However, studies also show that such practices often are ____22____ — in part because many managers simply aren’t good listeners. When we conducted a comprehensive review of 117 academic papers on workplace listening, we found that this skill is far easier to describe than to ____23____. Why? Because listening is an ____24____ activity that requires empathy, patience, and the ability to respond to what you hear. And because it can be so ____25____ demanding, particularly when the subject matter is complex or emotionally charged, people often take shortcuts. Take Google’s all-company Friday meetings. For years these were weekly open forums (讨论会) where company leaders would share ____26____, discuss strategic developments, and take questions from employees. They played a critical role in maintaining a culture of ____27____ at the company. As Laszlo Bock, Google’s former vice president of people operations, once explained, they ____28____ “everything from whether the mix of food in the cafes is too healthy to really significant questions around whether our strategy with a particular country or product is good or evil.” ____29____, in 2019 Sundar Pichai, Google’s CEO, decided that the meetings were no longer working. Employees wanted to talk about controversial issues like the company’s handling of hate speech, and discussions were often ____30____ to the press. Pichai made them less regular and changed their ____31____. It seems that listening to everyone had gotten too difficult. Similar situations have played out at Activision Blizzard, where an attempt to address misconduct claims during a company town hall led to a massive strike, with workers complaining that leaders were ____32____ rather than meaningfully addressing their concerns, and at Amazon, where employees said that a daily survey designed to evaluate staff well-being was being prejudiced by managers’ direct pressure to give ____33____ answers and by worries that responses wouldn’t be kept privately protected. Listening without ____34____ action or explanation leads employees to believe their efforts — and yours — have been pointless. There is a fix for this: Always complete the communication cycle. Before ending a conversation, restate what you’ve heard, identify the next steps for action, and ____35____ a timeline for checking back in. That emphasizes forward momentum (势头) and ensures accountability. 21. A. direct B. external C. former D. temporary 22. A. chaotic B. beneficial C. ineffective D. innovative 23. A. document B. debate C. define D. display 24. A. automatic B. adaptive C. instant D. intentional 25. A. mentally B. physically C. financially D. visually 26. A. policies B. updates C. successes D. gossips 27. A. competition B. trust C. excellence D. diversity 28. A. improved B. highlighted C. covered D. transferred 29. A. Therefore B. However C. Similarly D. Alternatively 30. A. leaked B. announced C. recommended D. assigned 31. A. agenda B. duration C. format D. method 32. A. approving B. minimizing C. justifying D. resolving 33. A. honest B. random C. positive D. vague 34. A. dynamic B. periodic C. urgent D. subsequent 35. A. agree on B. comment on C. rule out D. stretch out A. Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) This year, my two oldest sons asked me to sign them up for piano lessons. For certain reasons, I decided it would also be a good time for me to take up the piano again, after 30 years. As a child, I learned not just the piano, but the cello. I played in two orchestras and sang in the school choir. No one forced me to do any of it, but it wasn’t quite a free choice either. When you are the approval-addicted daughter of an over-invested mother, no one needs to apply force. My mom and I were well matched partners in the dance of unspoken expectation and approval-seeking. I did her forcing for her. For my mother, my musical industriousness wasn’t so much about achievement as identity. She was American by birth, and after marrying my university professor father and moving to London, she spent a decade working to be accepted into the impatient, fraught world of British intellectual society. In this environment, a diligent daughter lugging a giant cello was a tiny amount of cultural capital, a ticket to belonging. As much as anything could, music made me into the person my mother needed me to be, so that she could be the person she needed to be, in order to escape who she actually was. And for my part, although I never truly believed that my mother’s love was conditional, I did have the suspicion that there was a performance-related bonus in there. It was foolish to think that taking up the piano at the same time as my own children would be emotionally uncomplicated. Or perhaps the complication was exactly why I sought it out. Somehow, the piano lessons turn me into both my childhood self, seeking my mother’s approval, and into my mother herself, putting the same high expectations on my own children. My mother was lucky in that I was temperamentally (性情地) suited to the role she assigned me. My sons are not so much so. They are rambunctious and restless, not wired for lengthy sessions of sitting still and reflecting well on me. Unconditional love may be at the defining heart of parenthood, but sometimes it can feel impossible to accommodate unconditional love to the worldly practices of day-to-day parenting. The whole job seems set up for conditionality: It would be dishonest to pretend that we have no stake in wanting our children to reflect our own values and preferences. I’m disappointed when my sons won’t play their role in the script I have written for them, but deep down, I’m also a little thrilled. They are maddeningly, gloriously resistant to the pressure. A secret part of me is delighted by their raging demands for full personhood — beyond my projections and hopes and fears. By the life they claim. 36. The underlined sentence in paragraph two means ______. A. the author demanded to learn musical instruments out of pure love B. the author forced her mum to sign her up for piano lessons against her will C. the author’s mom pushed her to learn musical instruments for her own sake D. the author offered to learn musical instruments to obtain her mom’s approval 37. The author’s mother think of the author’s musical industriousness as ______. A. a symbol more of family achievement than of social identity B. a way for her to fit into the British intellectual society at that time C. proof of her ability to be a qualified mother in front of her husband D. a result of her selfless cultivation more than the author’s own diligence 38. Which of the following is TRUE from the author’s perspective? A. She doesn’t care about her sons’ levels of playing musical instruments. B. She has a mixed feeling towards her sons’ reluctance to practise musical instruments. C. She feels sorrowful because her sons are unlikely skilled at playing musical instruments. D. She is still convinced that her sons could be as talented on musical instruments as she was. 39. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Can Musical Talents Really be Inherited? B. Can We Really Force Our Children to Love Music? C. Can We Really Love Our Children Unconditionally? D. Can Playing Instruments Help Us Fit into Intellectual Society? (B) Cornell Note-Taking Method: A Simplified Guide The Cornell Note-Taking Method, created by Professor Walter Pauk in the 1950s, is a structured way to organize notes and enhance learning. It divides a page into three main sections: a cue column on the left, a note-taking area on the right, and a summary section at the bottom. How to Use It: Title Header: Write the topic at the top of the page. Include the date or objective for reference. Cue Column: Use this narrow left section for key terms, questions, or main ideas. Think of it as a glossary to help you quickly find important points later. Note-Taking Area: Record detailed notes here during lectures or reading. Focus on important facts and references. Summary Section: At the bottom, summarize the main ideas in one or two sentences. This reinforces your understanding and makes review easier. Tips for Effective Use: Self-Quiz Questions: Write simple questions in the cue column to test yourself later. Summarize Even if Incomplete: Reflect on key points in your own words, even if your notes aren't perfect. Color Coding: Use colors to highlight key terms, definitions, and examples. This makes your notes clearer and more engaging. Next Steps: Add actions you need to take in the summary to keep learning proactive. Versatile Uses: Meetings and Interviews: Record key points in the note-taking area, highlight themes in the cue column, and summarize takeaways. Brainstorming: Jot down ideas in the main section, categorize them in the cue column, and identify top ideas in the summary. Project Planning: Note goals and milestones in the main area, deadlines in the cue column, and create an action plan in the summary. The Cornell Note-Taking Method represents a robust and versatile framework for organizing information across diverse learning and professional contexts. By promoting active engagement, critical thinking, and structured review, it enhances the efficiency of knowledge acquisition and retention. Whether employed by students in lecture halls or professionals in meetings, the Cornell Method remains a valuable tool for those seeking to optimize their note-taking practices. 40. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the history of the Cornell Note-Taking Method. B. To explain how to effectively use the Cornell Note-Taking Method. C. To compare different note-taking methods for various learning styles. D. To describe the benefits of using visual aids in note-taking. 41. What is the advantage of adding a "next steps" section in the summary of Cornell notes? A. It helps to quickly identify the main ideas of the material. B. It allows for a more organized and visually appealing set of notes. C. It transforms notes into actionable tools for further learning. D. It reduces the mental load when testing yourself with self-quiz questions. 42. Imagine you are the student council president organizing a charity event at your high school. How would you apply the Cornell Method to capture the most important information during the planning meeting? A. Write the event schedule in the cue column. B. Note key points and tasks in the note-taking area. C. Summarize the main goals in the summary section. D. List potential sponsors in the summary section. (C) In the early 2000s, Merlin Mann, a Web designer and devoted Macintosh enthusiast, was working as a freelance (自由职业的) project manager for software companies. He had held similar roles for years, so he knew the ins and outs of the job; he was surprised, therefore, to find that he was literally buried under — not by the mentally challenging aspects of his work but by the many small administrative tasks, such as scheduling conference calls, that surfaced up from a chaotic stream of e-mail messages. Mann wasn’t alone in his frustration. Work lives that had once been orderly — two or three blocks of work, broken up by meetings and phone calls — became wildly busy, unplanned, and impossibly overloaded. “E-mail is a ball of uncertainty that represents anxiety,” Mann said, reflecting on this period. Things have not since changed much. Most of us are not our own bosses, and therefore lack the ability to dramatically rebuild the structure of our work responsibilities, but imagine if, through some combination of new management thinking and technology, we could introduce processes that minimize the time required to talk about work or fight off random tasks thrown our way by equally stressed co-workers, and instead let us organize our days around a small number of separate and specific objectives. This vision is attractive, but it cannot be realized by individual actions alone. It will require management intervention. Up until now, there has been little will to shift the responsibility for productivity from the person to the organization. Most knowledge-work companies have been more focused on keeping up with technological breakthroughs that might open up new markets, without addressing the fundamental issues that underlie workplace inefficiency. To get more done, it’s been sufficient to simply encourage employees to work harder. Laptops and smartphones helped these efforts by enabling office workers to find extra hours in the day to get things done, providing a productivity balance against the inefficiencies of overload culture. It seems likely that any successful effort to reform professional life must start by making it easier to figure out who is working on what, and how it’s going. Because so much of our effort in the office now develops in rapid exchanges of digital messages, it’s tempting to allow our in-boxes to become an informal storage place for everything we need to get done. This strategy, however, covers up many of the worst aspects of overload culture. Consider instead a system that externalizes work. Following the lead of software developers, we might use virtual task boards, where every task is represented by a card that indicates who is doing the work, and is pinned under a column indicating its status. With a quick glance, you can now determine everything going on within your team and ask meaningful questions about how much work any one person should tackle at a time. With this setup, improvement becomes possible. 43. What does the author try to illustrate with the example of Merlin Mann? A. More and more people have started to hop from one job to another. B. Creative design is very demanding mentally when done individually. C. Too many job responsibilities to perform could make people depressed. D. Small tasks could emerge at random to keep people disorganized at work. 44. What is the author’s view of email use in the workplace? A. It helps employees keep track of the work that has been piled up. B. It contributes to the difficulty and inefficiency of task management. C. It facilitates emotional support in times of uncertainty and anxiety. D. It provides an opportunity for employees to communicate informally. 45. What change does the author try to introduce in the workplace? A. Enhancing work flow with the aid of technology. B. Reducing workload and lowering the stress level. C. Setting distinct attainable goals for individuals. D. Redistributing work duties among employees. 46. What can be inferred about the system the author suggests? A. New software can help to hire workers from outside. B. Teamwork will become easier with a big picture. C. Division of labor will be negotiated within a team. D. Virtual reality can help to do on-the-job training. Section C (8分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Innovations in Food Production: Cultivated Meat Innovators in the United States and around the world will soon bring to market new and transformative products that have the ability to reshape animal agriculture as we know it. Consumers will be able to purchase meat and other animal-derived foods without supporting cruel, unclean, and unsafe factory farms and slaughterhouses. Cultivated meat — also referred to as slaughter-free meat or cell-based meat, is just that — animal meat produced from animals’ cells, without having to raise and kill living, feeling beings. ____47____ We do not need to rely on this flawed industrial system. Cultivated meat production will remove the need to crowd thousands of animals into cages and crowded barns, and of course would not require billions of animals to be slaughtered each year. The cell culturing process — similar to those used in making beer and cheese — can replace factory farms and eliminate the need to slaughter animals. Not only will cultivated meat production cut out the cruelty and suffering inherent in industrial factory farming, it promises to dramatically reduce environmental impacts. ____48____ They place these dangerous substances in massive “lagoons” that dot the American landscape. These waste lagoons threaten the public health and often spill over to pollute miles of waterways and kill countless wild animals. These lagoons are entirely absent from cultivated meat production. Absent too would be the bad smells and other harmful air pollutants local communities have to endure thanks to factory farms. And factory farms have to use huge amounts of antibiotics and other drugs to prevent and control disease because they crowd stressed, suffering animals by the thousands into dirty warehouses. ____49____ Every year more and more consumers are rejecting cruel and unsustainable factory-farmed products and demanding something better. ____50____ And that trend is only gaining momentum. For example, data collected by the Plant Based Foods Association (PBFA) found a 24% year to year growth in demand for plant-based meats in 2018! As interest in healthier and more sustainable options to slaughtered meat increases, cultivated meat can step in to help meet this booming demand. A. In contrast, cultivated meat production facilities will provide safe, clean, and controlled environments. B. Factory farms necessitate the disposal of animal waste, drugs, and chemicals. C. Animal agriculture causes animal suffering, pollutes the environment, and threatens human welfare. D. While cultivated meat avoids slaughter, some worry about its sensory qualities. E. We have seen dramatic growth in the demand for plant-based meats and milks in recent years. F. Some worry that scaling up production may require significant energy, reducing its environmental edge. IV. Multiple choice (10分，每题1分) Directions: Analyse these sentences below. Then choose the best answer. 51. Even on New Year’s Eve, Shanghai’s Huanghe Road used to be home to over 100 restaurants, many of ________ served high-end fare that only the rich and famous could afford. A. them B. whom C. that D. which 52. The city held a grand parade on the occasion ________ its annual cultural festival was celebrated. A. which B. that C. when D. what 53. The world of sport is a place full of exciting opportunities ______ you can truly learn more about yourself. A. that B. when C. where D. what 54. After ten hours’ drive, we came to a green house, through ______ glass wall we saw lots of green plants. A. what B. that C. whose D. which 55. It was ______ she won the Academy Award for Best Actress ______ signaled the realization of all her long-held dreams. A. the moment when; that B. the moment which; that C. the moment; that D. the moment that; which 56. The reason ________ he didn’t attend the meeting was not ________ he was too busy with other tasks but ________ he had completely forgotten about it. A. why; /; that B. that; /; because C. why; that; that D. why; because; because 57. There were ______ few people ______ came to his concert ______ he felt really disappointed. A. such; who; which B. such; that; that C. so; who; that D. so; that; which 58. Last month, a 7.9-magnitude earthquake struck Myanmar, from ______ effects the people there are still suffering. A. which B. what C. whose D. that 59. Whenever I met her，________ was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 60. Gun control is a subject________ Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. into which D. about which V. Translation (15分，3+3+4+5) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 61. 应该教会孩子当身陷困境时要向他人寻求帮助。（turn）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 62. 一听到他的哥哥在地震中幸存下来的消息，他忍不住大哭起来。（burst）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 63. 正是高中的学习经历使我相信，不论过程多么艰难，我们的努力终将得到回报。（It...; convince) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 64. 毋庸置疑，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题，但令人欣慰的是，政府正采取有力措施来解决它。 (deny) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $