上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年第二学期高二年级英语学科3月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科3月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Magnetic field at event horizon spotted For the first time, astronomers have detected magnetic fields near the event horizon of Sagittarius A*, the black hole 1         _ lies at the centre of our Galaxy. "2          these magnetic fields have been predicted to exist, no one has seen them before. Our data puts decades of theoretical work on solid observational ground," said Principal Investigator Shep Doeleman, the Assistant Director of MIT's Haystack Observatory. 3          presence of the fields was revealed using the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT)-a global network of radio telescopes that function as one giant scope the size of Earth. The EHT team detected the magnetic fields by measuring the linear polarisation of the light 4         _(produce) by Sagittarius A*. The polarised light is released by electrons spiralling (盘旋) around magnetic field lines and so directly traces the structure of the magnetic field. "With this result, the EHT team is one step closer to 5         _(solve) a central problem in astronomy: 6          are black holes so bright if their gravitational pull is so great they can draw in light" said Doeleman. This groundbreaking observation was made possible 7         _ the remarkable resolution a telescope the size of the EHT offers. It 8          (hope), however, that more radio dishes from around the world will be added to the EHT's network, enabling it 9          (gather) even more astronomical data. More data 10          (allow) the EHT's astronomers to achieve greater resolution, possibly enough to directly image a black hole's event horizon for the first time. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. confusing B. consumer C. contents D. curiosity E. disquiet F. eliminate G. preferred H. prevent I. principle J. standardise K. subject Tesco promises to ban brands that use excessive (过度的) plastic packaging Tesco has promised to step up its efforts in the battle against single-use plastic with measures that include banning brands using excessive packaging. Dave Lewis, Tesco's chief executive, said the company will "reserve the right not to list" products with too much non-recyclable packaging from next year onwards. Tesco gave suppliers a list of 11          materials in May 2018. It is now planning to turn up the pressure because of the growing public 12          about plastic packaging. "We can't overlook the fact that for too long, packaging on 13          goods has been excessive." Lewis wrote. "We have all opened a bag of crisps and wondered why the packaging is twice the size of the 14         ." Tesco has been the 15          of criticism over its packaging in the past, but any improvements could have major implications for Britain's plastic waste. Lewis said giving up the plastic used to package tins in multipacks would save 490 tonnes of plastic a year, and it could 16          the sale of more than 50 million plastic beer can binders. Other supermarkets have tried out processes that could reduce packaging. Morrisons and Waitrose have tested refill stations to allow customers to buy packaging-free goods, including pasta, wine and cleaning materials. Iceland last year promised to 17          plastics from its own-brand products within five years. Supermarkets and food companies in the UK have been required to take action by government plans to introduce the "polluter pays" 18          in its approach to waste. New rules, currently under consultation, could force private companies, including supermarkets, to pay as much as £1 billion a year more towards the UK's recycling infrastructure (基础建设)-up from about £70m now. Lewis called for the government to take a national approach to recycling in order to 19          processes. Households face 20          variation in the quality of recycling services, which can result in products being sent to landfill that would be recycled under a different local authority. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When you are stuck on a problem, sometimes it is best to stop thinking about it--consciously, anyway. Research has shown that taking a break or a nap can help the brain create 21          to a solution. Now a new study 22          on the effect of this so-called incubation (潜伏期) by using sound cues to focus the sleeping mind on a targeted problem. When humans sleep, parts of the brain replay certain memories, strengthening and transforming them. About a decade ago researchers developed a technique, called targeted memory reactivation (TMR), aimed at further enhancing 23          memories: when a sound becomes associated with a memory and is later played during sleep, that memory gets 24         . In a study published last November in Psychological Science, scientists tested whether 25          the memory of a puzzle during sleep might also improve problem-solving. About 60 participants visited the laboratory before and after a night of 26         . First they 27          spatial, verbal and conceptual puzzles, with a distinct music clip repeating in the background for each, until they had worked on six puzzles they could not solve. Overnight they wore electrodes (电极) to detect slow-wave sleep, which may be important for memory enhancement--and a device played the sounds 28          to three of the six unsolved puzzles. The next day, back at the lab, the participants attempted the six puzzles again. (Each repeated the experiment with a different set of puzzles the following night.) All told, the subjects solved 32 percent of the sound-stimulated puzzles compared with 21 percent of the 29          puzzles. The researchers "very bravely went for quite complex tasks that involved a lot of complex processing, and remarkably they found these really strong effects in all of their 30         ," says Penny Lewis, a psychologist at Cardiff University, who was not involved in the research. "These are supercool results. Now we need to go out and try to understand them by firstly replicating (复制) them and secondly trying to 31          the component processes that are actually being influenced." Beyond providing new evidence that humans restructure memories while sleeping, the research may have 32          implications. "In a futuristic world, maybe TMR could help us use sleep to work on our problems," says lead author Kristin Sanders, who was a graduate student at Northwestern University during the study. Sleep-monitoring technology is increasingly accessible--and even without devices, prospective solvers can focus on important problems before 33         . Still, sleep is not 34         : people need to do their homework and load their heads with the puzzle pieces involved. "I'm not going to solve cancer with this technique," Sanders says, "because I am totally 35          cancer research." 21. A. applications B. commitment C. attention D. pathways 22. A. counts B. expands C. insists D. passes 23. A. treasured B. selected C. devoted D. shortened 24. A. dimmed B. stored C. reactivated D. researched 25. A. neglecting B. examining C. erasing D. revisiting 26. A. sleep B. experiment C. training D. relaxation 27. A. created B. solved C. attempted D. classified 28. A. assigned B. transformed C. explained D. introduced 29. A. unsettled B. untargeted C. unstated D. untested 30. A. puzzles B. brains C. processes D. tasks 31. A. work out B. turn to C. take on D. bring about 32. A. individual B. conceptual C. practical D. collective 33. A. dinner B. dawn C. bed D. schooling 34. A. significant B. magic C. fixed D. possible 35. A. dependent on B. curious about C. interested in D. ignorant of Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） In the desert of Peru, 300 kilometers from Lima, one of the most unusual artworks in the world has mystified people for decades. Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth. But from high above, these marks are huge images of birds, fish and seashells, all beautifully carved into the earth. The Nazca lines are so difficult to see from the ground that they weren't discovered until the 1930s, when pilots spotted them while flying over the area. In all, there are about 70 different human and animal figures on the plain, along with 900 triangles, circles, and lines. Researchers have figured out that the lines are at least 1,500 years old, but their purpose is still a mystery. A Swiss writer named Erich von Däniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place of UFOs. However, it would probably be very tricky to land a spaceship in the middle of pictures of dogs and monkeys. In the 1940s, an American explorer named Paul Kosok suggested that the drawings were a chronicle (编年史) of the movement of the stars and planets. He called Nazca "the largest astronomy book in the world". Later, an astronomer tested his theory with a computer, but he couldn't find any relation between the lines and movements in space. Another explanation is that the lines may have been made for religious reasons. British researcher Tony Morrison investigated the customs of people in the Andes Mountains and learned that they sometimes pray by the side of the road. It's possible that in the past, the lines of Nazca were created for a similar purpose. The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies. But the local people have never constructed anything this big. Recently, two other scientists, David Johnson and Steve Mabee, have speculated that the lines could have been related to water. Nazca is one of the driest places in the world and received only 2 cm of rain every year. While Johnson was searching for ancient water sources in the area, he noticed that some waterways built by ancient people were connected with the lines. Johnson believes that the Nazca lines are a giant map of the underground water in the area. Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this. 36. Why weren't the Nazca lines discovered for a long time in history? A. They were located in an inaccessible desert. B. They were not easy to see from the ground. C. They were not recorded in any history book. D. They were covered by some beautiful figures. 37. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Paul Kosok found that the lines showed a star's movement. B. Erich von Däniken once saw a UFO landing near the Nazca lines. C. Tony Morrison thought the lines had something to do with religion. D. David Johnson and Steve Mabee unearthed a waterway system under the lines. 38. __ view on the purpose of the lines hasn't been proved wrong. A. Erich von Däniken's B. Paul Kosok's C. Tony Morrison's D. David Johnson and Steve Mabee's 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. The Origins of Nazca B. The History of Nazca C. The Mysteries of Nazca D. The Discovery of Nazca （B） Mandie Currie, a zoo-keeper, spent the day in the offices of the magazine Marie Claire. Alice Cutler, a fashion assistant at Marie Claire, spent the day at London zoo. 'Choosing what to wear for my day at Marie Claire was tricky because normally I wear a uniform at work. First I went to a still-life photo studio, then to press previews, all before lunch. The zoo is such a tranquil, peaceful place--and here I was rushing around when I could be sitting quietly giving an animal a cuddle. Some of the members of the fashion team seemed quite stressed--my job doesn't really get pressurised. At a fashion shoot in the afternoon, it made me laugh to think that I'd usually be cleaning out cages or handling rats. I'm fascinated to see how magazines work, but I really enjoy my job at the zoo so I'll stay put.' 'I arrived at the zoo in my leather boots and dark blue trousers. The zoo gave me a green T-shirt instead to work in, which was just as well, as I got very dirty. While I was bathing one of the elephants, I thought Mandie would probably be packing up clothes in the cupboard. By five o'clock, I smelt terrible but I'd had such a brilliant day. When I retire from fashion, I could see myself working with elephants--but maybe in Africa.' Karen Hodson, a nurse at Hammersmith Hospital, went on location with the television gardening programme Ground Force. Charlie Dimmock, landscape gardener with the TV programme Ground Force, worked a shift at Hammersmith Hospital. 'I was extremely excited about meeting the team, and Alan Titchmarsh, the programme presenter, was really nice. One of the things I liked was the chance to be in the fresh air. Depending on my shifts, I sometimes never see daylight. Even though it was hard work, it was great fun. I thought I was pretty strong but I felt weak compared with the rest of the team. My romantic vision of landscape gardening had not included physical hard work or careful planning. I was more an enthusiastic than effective gardener, so I don't plan to give up my other job.' 'I made beds and handed out tablets. I expected to faint when I was doing some jobs, but I amazed myself by finding that it didn't bother me. The friendship among the nurses is great, and it felt tremendously 'girlie' compared with my normal male environment. I feel my job is a real waste of time compared with nursing. My day at the hospital was not exactly pleasant but it left me with a great sense of satisfaction.' 40. The four people in the passage are talking about their experience of. A. taking up a career they never tried before B. giving up their secure job for a new one C. staying at a strange place for some time D. living somebody else's life for a day 41. It can be inferred from the passage that are most probably unwilling to do the job they tried. A. Mandie Currie and Karen Hodson B. Alice Cutler and Charlie Dimmock C. Mandie Currie and Charlie Dimmock D. Alice Cutler and Karen Hodson 42. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Mandle Curie found her own job more stressful than the one she tried. B. Karen Hodson expected there to be much hard work as a landscape gardener. C. Alice Cutler disliked working in a zoo as she smelt terrible at the end of the day. D. Charlie Dimmock thought being a nurse was more worthwhile than his own job. （C） Shining just 12 light-years from Earth, the star Tau Ceti so resembles the sun that it has appeared in numerous science-fiction stories and was the first star astronomers ever searched for signs of intelligent life, half a century ago. In 2012 Tau Ceti grew still more interesting when astronomers reported five possible planets somewhat larger than Earth circling closer to the star than Mars orbits (围绕…… 运动) the sun--one of which is in the star's habitable zone. Newly released images taken by the Herschel Space Observatory provide even more insight about Tau Ceti's solar system: greater detail about its dust belt. Dust arises when asteroids and comets (小行星和彗星) crash into one another, so its location reveals where these dust-creating objects--which are too small to be seen directly--orbit a star. In Tau Ceti's case, "it's quite a wide dust belt," says Samantha Lawler of the University of Victoria in British Columbia. As her team reported in November, the belt's inner edge is roughly two to three astronomical units (AUs) from the star, which is the position of our own sun's asteroid belt. (An AU is the distance from Earth to the sun.) Tau Ceti's dust belt extends out to 55 AU, which would be just beyond our system's main Edgeworth- Kuiper belt, the zone of small bodies whose largest member is probably Pluto. Presumably full of asteroids and comets, Tau Ceti's dust belt most likely lacks a planet as large as Jupiter, Lawler says. The gravity of such a massive planet would have driven away most small space rocks. Within a year a new series of radio telescopes in Chile called ALMA should provide a sharper view of the disk, especially of its inner edge. The ALMA images will help astronomers confirm whether the star's five proposed planets are indeed real. If the disk overlaps the planets' hypothesized (假设的) orbits, then they probably do not exist; they would have kept away most asteroids near the star, removing the source of dust. If those planets do exist, however, Lawler's team suggests that Tau Ceti's planetary system may resemble what our solar system would have looked like had the four giant planets--Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune--never formed: small planets orbiting close to the star, and nothing but asteroids, comets and dust beyond. 43. According to astronomers, the five possible planets of Tau Ceti A. resembled Earth in size B. functioned like a solar system C. were located in Tau Ceti's habitable zone D. were nearer to Tau Ceti than Mars to the sun 44. Which of the following is true of Tau Ceti's dust belt? A. It is narrower than the asteroid belt in our system. B. The bodies inside it are all smaller than Jupiter. C. The gravity of Tau Ceti makes it get denser. D. It is over 55 astronomical units in width. 45. According to the passage, the five planets are most likely to exist if A. they don't move into the dust belt while orbiting Tau Ceti B. they have kept away most asteroids and comets C. they don't crash into any asteroid or comet D. they can be seen clearly by ALMA 46. It can be inferred from the passage that Tau Ceti's dust belt A. is useful because it stops asteroids or comets crashing into the star B. makes Tau Ceti different from the sun because it extends farther C. is interesting because it keeps other planets away from Tau Ceti D. plays a role in helping decide whether the five planets are real Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Information supplies a piece of information that the decision-maker might not know about. B. A friend points out that a new gym nearby offers free personal trainers some afternoons. C. Are these kinds of advice effective? D. When the advice comes in the form of information, though, the decision-maker still feels like they have some autonomy. E. Which piece of advice occurs to you first? F. However, information was the most useful kind of advice across the studies. What is the best way to give advice? A lot of our daily conversations involve giving and getting advice. For example, you might be talking about new movies, and a friend recommends that you should go and see a particular one. Another friend wants to go to a Tex-Mex restaurant, and you recommend that they avoid one that just opened. 47          A paper by Reeshad Datal and Silvia Bonaccio in a 2020 issue of Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes looked at several different kinds of advice that people give. They distinguished between four types of advice. Advice for is a recommendation to choose a particular option. Advice against is a recommendation to avoid a particular option. 48          Decision-making techniques suggest how to go about making the choice, but do not make a specific recommendation. (For example, if you have a friend who wants to see a good movie, you might recommend a website that summarises movie reviews. You aren't recommending a particular movie, but you are suggesting a technique that allows your friend to make a decision.) In the studies, college students had to imagine making a particular decision. They were given a variety of advice and they were asked how satisfying and useful the advice was for making the decision. In general, people found all of the types of advice to be useful to some degree. 49          That is, people found it most helpful when people told them something that they might not have known about already. There are a few reasons why information is more valuable to people than other kinds of advice. First, when someone makes a recommendation for or against a particular option, a decision-maker may feel like they have lost a bit of their independence in making their choice. 50          Second, information helps people to make decision later, in similar situations. Finally, getting information makes people feel better about decisions when they are able to give a reason for making the choice. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Work: What we just can't do without Work may sometimes seem unpleasant, but when we haven't got it, we miss it. We miss it, we want it and perhaps we even need it. Everyone wants to be valued and a salary is proof that we matter. Not any job will do, however. Housework and voluntary work tend to be seen as non-jobs. In our work-centred culture, a 'proper job' means paid employment. Being paid for a job is better for our self-respect. Of course, we would also prefer work to be useful and interesting, as well as paid. But you don't have to enjoy your job to get psychological benefits from it. According to some experts, achieving unenjoyable tasks during our work actually contributes to our sense of well-being. The obligation to be in a particular place at a particular time, working as part of a team towards a common goal, gives us a sense of structure and purpose that we find difficult to impose on ourselves. For a lot of us, the workplace has also taken over from the community as the place of human contact. Life wasn't always so driven by employment, however. Work in the pre-industrial age was task-oriented not time-constructed, focussing not on money but on tasks necessary for survival. Whole communities worked together so there was less division between work and 'free time'. The Industrial Revolution greatly changed how people worked. Suddenly, work was no longer structured by seasons, but by the clock. Work was separated from the rest of life, and began to provide money rather than food and goods. More recently, the revolution in Information Technology has again changed the nature of work and employment. The workplace itself may become unnecessary. Two million employees in the UK now work from home, keeping in touch via email and phone. Many employers say that working 'remotely' improves productivity, as workers are happier and waste less time on the way. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 孩子们的想象力是无限的。(there is) 53. 这并不意味老牌的工作室即将失宠。(favour) 54. 那些公司通常向使用其服务的企业主收取每个设备的年使用费。(charge) 55. 由这位化学教师所开发的课程背后的理念是，现实生活的体验可以促进主动学习，批判性思维，决策能力。(that) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近你校英语报正在进行主题为 "My Summer Vacation" 的征文，你对此很感兴趣，决定写一篇文章投稿，内容须包括: 详细叙述在今年暑假里对你而言最有意义的一件事情； 你在这一件事情中的收获。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科3月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. that/which 2. Although/Though/While 3. The 4. produced 5. solving 6. why 7. thanks to/because of/ due to/owing to 8. is hoped 9. to gather 10. will allow Section B 11. G 12. E 13. B 14. C 15. K 16. H 17. F 18. I 19. J 20. A II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. D 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. D Section B 36. B 37. C 38. D 39. C 40. D 41. A 42. D 43. D 44. B 45. A 46. D Section C 47. C 48. A 49. F 50. D III. Summary Writing 51. Work is important. We regard paid employment as proper jobs, which benefit our mental health whether they are interesting or not. Besides, workplace is where we communicate with others. However, the nature of work has been changing. The Industrial Revolution changed our work from task-oriented to time-focused. The development of Information Technology enables us to work at places other than workplace. IV. Translation 52. There’s no limit to children’s imagination. 53. That doesn’t necessarily mean that the old studios will fall out of favour. 54. The companies generally charge an annual fee to business owners who use their services. 55. The theory behind the course developed by this chemistry teacher is that real-life experiences can promote active learning, critical thinking and the ability to make decisions. V. Guided Writing 56. A Monumental Summer Experience My summer vacation was filled with various activities, but the most monumental and rewarding experience was undoubtedly my participation in a community volunteer program. I dedicated two weeks to teaching English and storytelling to underprivileged children at a local community center. Witnessing their eager eyes and radiant smiles as they grasped new concepts was genuinely heartwarming. The most profound takeaway from this experience was a heightened sense of social responsibility. Interacting with these children not only cultivated my empathy but also significantly enhanced my interpersonal and organizational skills. In essence, this voluntary endeavor taught me the true value of giving back to society. It was a profoundly meaningful summer, leaving an indelible mark on my personal growth. 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $