精品解析：北京清华大学附属中学2026-2027学年高三上学期10月月考英语

高24级试卷 英语 2026.10 学部________班级________姓名________考号________ 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 When I noticed an opening for a university instructor post, my first thought was to pass it up, as my limited undergraduate teaching experience made the job feel too challenging. ____1____ consumed me at the thought of facing a whole classroom. However, I thought of a past opportunity that had pushed me out of my comfort zone and how it had changed me ____2____. Back in college, while working at the gym front desk and ____3____ for a biology exam, a co-worker noticed my textbook and asked if I worked with any professors. I did not. I had never dared ask for such a chance. He told me a lab ____4____ would soon arise when he graduated and offered to recommend me to his professor. I believed research roles belonged only to the most gifted. Deep down, I feared my weakness would ____5____ me before the professor. Reluctantly, I agreed to try. I sat nervously before the professor and struggled with his questions, overstating my ability. Luckily, I got the position and began a new experience. I knew almost nothing of lab work at first. The professor allowed me to ____6____ him in the lab. Step by step I gained knowledge and sharpened my skills. This paved the way for my graduate studies and proved risky chances could bring surprising ____7____. That lesson served as a guiding light years later. I sent in my application despite self-doubt. Soon I was teaching undergraduates, and my nervousness ____8____. Now, I have committed to shifting my ____9____ response to “yes” when presented with career opportunities. I no longer fear uncertainty. Challenging situations help us grow and uncover passions that would otherwise stay ____10____. 1. A. Excitement B. Anxiety C. Pride D. Disappointment 2. A. frequently B. casually C. unexpectedly D. mysteriously 3. A. preparing B. waiting C. longing D. applying 4. A. revolution B. vacancy C. promotion D. emergency 5. A. block B. comfort C. convince D. betray 6. A. shadow B. guide C. assess D. notice 7. A. positions B. discoveries C. benefits D. solutions 8. A. kicked in B. took over C. broke out D. wore off 9. A. automatic B. brief C. positive D. strong 10. A. endless B. hidden C. apparent D. accessible 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述作者克服内心顾虑抓住机遇，在挑战中成长，学会勇敢接受职业机会。 【1题详解】 考查名词。句意：一想到要面对一整个教室的学生，焦虑就将我淹没。A. Excitement兴奋；B. Anxiety焦虑；C. Pride骄傲；D. Disappointment失望。根据前文“my limited undergraduate teaching experience made the job feel too challenging”可知，作者教学经验不足，面对全班学生会感到焦虑。 【2题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，我想起曾经有一次机会把我带出舒适区，并且那次机会如何出乎意料地改变了我。A. frequently频繁地；B. casually随意地；C. unexpectedly出乎意料地；D. mysteriously神秘地。根据后文“proved risky chances could bring surprising ______”可知，那次经历带来惊喜收获，是出人意料的改变。 【3题详解】 考查动词。句意：上大学时，我在体育馆前台工作，正在为一场生物考试做准备，一位同事看到了我的课本，问我是否跟着教授做研究。A. preparing准备；B. waiting等待；C. longing渴望；D. applying申请。根据后文“a biology exam”以及“my textbook”可知，作者此时正在备考生物考试。 【4题详解】 考查名词。句意：他告诉我，等他毕业后，实验室很快就会出现一个空缺岗位，还主动把我推荐给他的教授。A. revolution革命；B. vacancy空缺岗位；C. promotion晋升；D. emergency紧急情况。根据后文“when he graduated and offered to recommend me to his professor”可知，同事毕业离开，岗位会空出来。 【5题详解】 考查动词。句意：在内心深处，我担心自己的不足会在教授面前暴露我。A. block阻挡；B. comfort安慰；C. convince说服；D. betray暴露。根据前文“I believed research roles belonged only to the most gifted”可知，作者自认能力不足，害怕缺点出卖、暴露自己。 【6题详解】 考查动词。句意：教授允许我跟着他在实验室里打下手学习。A. shadow跟随；B. guide指导；C. assess评估；D. notice注意。根据后文“Step by step I gained knowledge and sharpened my skills”可知，作者跟着教授在实验室慢慢学习积累知识。 【7题详解】 考查名词。句意：这为我的研究生学习铺平了道路，也证明冒险尝试的机会能够带来令人惊喜的益处。A. positions职位；B. discoveries发现；C. benefits益处；D. solutions解决办法。根据前文“This paved the way for my graduate studies”可知，这次实验室经历带来诸多好处。 【8题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：不久之后我开始教本科生，我的紧张感逐渐消失了。A. kicked in开始生效；B. took over接管；C. broke out爆发；D. wore off逐渐消退。根据前文“I sent in my application despite self-doubt. Soon I was teaching undergraduates”可知，真正站上讲台之后紧张慢慢褪去。 【9题详解】 考查形容词。句意：现在，当面对职业机遇时，我已经努力把本能的反应转变为答应。A. automatic本能的；B. brief简短的；C. positive积极的；D. strong强烈的。根据前文首段中的“When I noticed an opening for a university instructor post, my first thought was to pass it up”可知，作者从前遇到机会第一反应是退缩，现在改变了这种下意识、本能的反应。 【10题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我不再惧怕未知。充满挑战的境遇帮助我们成长，发掘那些不然会一直隐藏的热爱。A. endless无尽的；B. hidden隐藏的；C. apparent明显的；D. accessible可获得的。根据前文“Challenging situations help us grow and uncover passions”中uncover（发掘）可知，不经历挑战的话这些热爱会一直隐藏。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 A tiny dog named Prieta, who had gone missing for nearly two weeks after ____11____ (frighten) by fireworks on Independence Day, was miraculously rescued from San Francisco Bay. After receiving a call from a concerned citizen, firefighters rushed to the scene, using drones and boats to search for the dog. ____12____ (spot) from above, the exhausted animal was carefully pulled from the water and immediately wrapped in a warm blanket. Later she ____13____ (hand) over to an animal welfare team, which tracked down her owners. Having almost lost hope, the owner expressed sincere gratitude to the ____14____ (rescue), saying that the past two weeks had been filled with agony and worry. 【答案】11. being frightened 12. Spotted 13. was handed 14. rescuers 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍小狗普列塔在独立日被烟花惊吓后失踪近两周，最终在旧金山湾被成功营救的故事。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一只名叫普列塔的小狗在独立日被烟花惊吓后失踪了近两周，它奇迹般地从旧金山湾获救。介词after后接动名词；主语Prieta和frighten之间是被动关系，表示“被惊吓”，因此用动名词的被动形式being frightened。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：从空中被发现，这只筋疲力尽的小狗被小心地从水中捞起，并立刻被裹上温暖的毯子。主语the exhausted animal和spot之间是被动关系，表示“被发现”，使用过去分词Spotted作状语。 【13题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：后来它被移交到动物福利团队，该团队找到了它的主人。主语she指代小狗，与hand over为被动关系；文章讲述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，主语为单数，一般过去时被动结构为was handed。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：几乎已经不抱希望的主人向救援者表达诚挚的谢意，说过去两周充满痛苦与担忧。rescue为动词，意为“营救”；此处指救援人员，用名词rescuer；救援者不止一人，使用复数形式rescuers。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 For generations, we regarded sleep, exercise and diet ____15____ three separate pieces of health advice. Yet modern science reveals a more elegant truth — they all care for the same biological system. At its heart lie mitochondria (线粒体), the tiny structures inside cells that transform food into energy. ____16____ the brain makes up only 2% of body weight, it consumes roughly a fifth of the body’s energy at rest. Sleep repairs damaged mitochondria, exercise makes them more efficient, and diet provides the raw materials they need. The three habits are simply different ways of sustaining the ancient energy system on ____17____ both our bodies and minds depend. 【答案】15. as 16. Though##Although##While 17. which 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍睡眠、运动和饮食并非三项独立的健康建议，它们都作用于人体同一套生物系统——线粒体，并且分别以不同方式维护这套供能系统。 【15题详解】 考查介词。句意：几代人以来，我们一直把睡眠、运动和饮食看作三条相互独立的健康建议。固定搭配regard … as … 表示“把……看作……”。 【16题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管大脑的重量只占人体体重的2%，但休息时它消耗的能量大约占到人体总能量的五分之一。前后两个分句存在让步关系，表示“虽然、尽管”，可用Though/Although/While引导让步状语从句。 【17题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这三种习惯只是维持这套古老能量系统的不同方式，我们的身体和心智都依赖这套系统。此处是“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句，先行词the ancient energy system指物，介词on提前，关系代词只能用which。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 The Eight Immortals Legend is a beloved piece of Chinese folklore that ____18____ (date) back over a thousand years. It centers on eight Taoist immortals crossing the sea, each displaying unique powers through their own magical treasures. Their adventure sparks a conflict with the Dragon King of the East Sea, resolved through the mediation of Guanyin. The legend ____19____ (evolve) over centuries through oral storytelling and literary adaptations before it was standardized in Wu Yuantai’s Ming Dynasty novel The Journey to the East. In 2008, it was listed as ____20____ item of intangible cultural heritage, showcasing its enduring appeal in Chinese culture. 【答案】18. dates 19. had evolved##had been evolving 20. an 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍中国民间传说八仙过海的起源、发展及非遗入选情况。 【18题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：《八仙》是一段深受喜爱的中国民间故事，可追溯到一千多年前。定语从句先行词是a beloved piece of Chinese folklore，为单数；句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。date back意为“追溯到”。 【19题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：在吴元泰明代小说《东游记》将其定型之前，这个传说已经通过口头讲述和文学改编历经数百年演变。时间状语从句before it was standardized为一般过去时，“传说演变”发生在“被定型”之前，即过去的过去，要用过去完成时。也可以用过去完成进行时，表示在过去某个动作之前，一直在持续进行的动作。 【20题详解】 考查冠词。句意：2008年，它被列入一项非物质文化遗产，展现它在中国文化中持久的魅力。item是可数名词单数，此处表泛指“一项非物质文化遗产”，item是以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A The city environmental department launches the Rain-Garden Volunteer Program to build small community rain-gardens across densely-populated residential neighbourhoods. Funded jointly by city public utilities and limited private donations, these specially designed gardens collect rainwater runoff from streets and rooftops, moderate local flood pressure during rainy seasons, filter harmful pollutants carried by storm water, and create stable habitats for native bees, butterflies and songbirds. Volunteers will take part in different stages of garden building and long-term maintenance. Practical tasks include removing invasive plant species, planting locally-adapted native species, building natural stone borders, clearing fallen rubbish, and carrying out seasonal pruning (修剪) work after construction is finished. Previous professional gardening experience is not a compulsory requirement. Free group training sessions will be offered one week before field work, covering native plant knowledge, tool usage and strict safe outdoor operating rules. Though training is open to all registered participants, attendance is strongly recommended yet not mandatory. Volunteer groups are organized by neighbourhood zones. Each team is led by one full-time paid environmental technician. Most field work takes place on weekend mornings, while occasional weekday afternoon sessions are arranged for university student groups. Participants should bear in mind several non-negotiable requirements. Closed-toe shoes are compulsory for all field work to avoid cuts from stones or sharp branches. Volunteers under 16 must come along with a parent or legal guardian; written parental permission alone will not be accepted as a substitute. This programme offers no cash payment. Every regular participant will receive a printed guidebook about city storm-water management as well as a reusable water bottle, yet these souvenirs are only handed out upon completion of at least two on-site activities. Registration is carried out online. When signing up, volunteers must choose their neighbourhood zone and fill in basic personal information. If participants cannot make it after registration, they are expected to cancel at least 48 hours ahead so that spare positions can be given to people on the official waiting list. Simply sending a replacement volunteer without advance notice will lead to disqualification from future activities. 21. What is one major function of the community rain-gardens? A. Providing funds for public utility services. B. Supplying clean drinking water for local residents. C. Reducing the risks of urban flooding in wet months. D. Producing organic vegetables for surrounding residents. 22. According to the passage, participants ________. A. can get souvenirs after they finish a field activity B. must be trained before carrying out any field task C. can wear open-toe footwear when the weather is fine D. must be accompanied by a legal guardian if under 16 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce a volunteer program. B. To describe the benefits of rain gardens. C. To persuade people to protect the environment. D. To encourage people to participate in field work. 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了市环保部门推出雨水花园志愿者项目，介绍该项目中社区雨水花园的作用、志愿者的工作内容、参与要求以及网上注册的相关规定。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“these specially designed gardens collect rainwater runoff from streets and rooftops, moderate local flood pressure during rainy seasons, filter harmful pollutants carried by storm water, and create stable habitats for native bees, butterflies and songbirds.(这些经过特殊设计的花园收集街道和屋顶的雨水径流，在雨季缓解当地的洪水压力，过滤雨水携带的有害污染物，并为本土蜜蜂、蝴蝶和鸣禽创造稳定的栖息地。)”可知，社区雨水花园的一项主要作用是降低雨季城市洪水的风险。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Volunteers under 16 must come along with a parent or legal guardian; written parental permission alone will not be accepted as a substitute.(16岁以下志愿者必须由父母或法定监护人陪同；仅提供家长书面许可不被认可。)”可知，16岁以下参与者必须有法定监护人陪同。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The city environmental department launches the Rain-Garden Volunteer Program to build small community rain-gardens across densely-populated residential neighbourhoods.(市环保部门推出雨水花园志愿者项目，在人口密集的居民区建造小型社区雨水花园。)”可知，文章主要目的是介绍一项志愿者项目。 B As a child, I never minded being alone. Being alone meant freedom: climbing monkey bars without teachers shouting for me to stay grounded, or eating plenty of saltwater taffy without parents warning of an upcoming dentist visit. Along California’s coast, the Pacific Ocean was my playground. When visiting my grandparents in South Korea each summer, I happily wandered Seoul’s busy streets. Every narrow alley felt like a pirate-map path holding small surprises: a shop with rare popsicles or a quiet, cool bookstore where I could read undisturbed. Truly, nothing felt more wonderful than time spent on my own. However, when I came to college, I was surrounded by people and social events nearly all the time. I began to see time by myself as time wasted on building closer bonds with others. At Stanford, students often hear campus friendships will shape their futures, so choosing to stay alone rarely felt reasonable. Little by little, I grew to avoid private time instead of cherishing it. Frequent mid-term tests, internship searches and growing worry filled my days. Spending real time by myself forced me to face the uncomfortable, burning feelings deep inside me, so I looked for ways to keep my mind occupied. I went to concerts with friends, tried unfamiliar classes, and joined career events for paths I had once looked down on. An inner voice questioned whether I was living in a way that suited me. Still, I pushed the thought away. I believed being around other people, whatever we did and however little I enjoyed it, brought me value I could never get by myself. It wasn’t until the spring of my junior year that I faced this reality. With daytime internship work and evening classes, I could seldom join group activities. One lunch break, I hesitantly visited the botanic garden by myself. Gentle fountains and rare plants offered peace away from busy office noise. Seated on a bench, I realized this was my first active choice to be alone since college — and I was enjoying the moment. My mindset shifted once more. Encouraged, I took a solo weekend trip to New York and later flew to Los Angeles for a music festival my friends could not attend. Back in senior year, I kept this attitude alive through small independent outings. As I grow older, my need for personal time has shifted. Relationships and responsibilities grow more complex, and rediscovering my childhood joy calls for patience and effort. Still, every new layer of self-discovery reminds me that the core of that childhood joy survives within me. It guides me to know myself better and prepares me to understand the complicated world around me. 24. When she was young, the author ________. A. preferred outdoor adventures over reading B. valued the importance of travelling abroad C. longed to be independent and self-disciplined D. enjoyed moments of unguided self-exploration 25. In her first two college years, the author believed that ________. A. frequent social activities would exhaust her mentally B. alone time didn’t always come easy in busy schedules C. personal time meant lost chances of social connection D. campus friendships were valuable but hard to maintain 26. How did the author feel when visiting the botanic garden alone? A. Relaxed and surprisingly pleased. B. Curious and deeply moved. C. Amazed but mildly lonely. D. Grateful but slightly guilty. 27. What can we learn from the passage? A. The truth lies deep within oneself. B. Time and tide wait for no man. C. Still waters run deep. D. No man is an island. 【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A 27. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述作者从小享受独处时光，进入大学后一度回避独处，后来重新找回独处带来的自我探索与内心平静。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Being alone meant freedom: climbing monkey bars without teachers shouting for me to stay grounded, or eating plenty of saltwater taffy without parents warning of an upcoming dentist visit. Along California’s coast, the Pacific Ocean was my playground. When visiting my grandparents in South Korea each summer, I happily wandered Seoul’s busy streets.(独处意味着自由：攀爬猴架时没有老师大喊让我站稳，或是吃大量盐水太妃糖，没有父母提醒即将要看牙医。在加利福尼亚海岸，太平洋就是我的游乐场。每年夏天去韩国看望祖父母时，我开心地漫步在首尔热闹的街道。)”可知，作者小时候喜欢无拘无束、自主探索的独处时光。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, when I came to college, I was surrounded by people and social events nearly all the time. I began to see time by myself as time wasted on building closer bonds with others.(然而，进入大学后，我几乎时刻被人群和社交活动包围。我开始将独处的时间视为被浪费的时间，这些时间本可以用来和他人建立更紧密的联系。)”可知，作者大学前两年认为独处就意味着失去建立社交联系的机会。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“One lunch break, I hesitantly visited the botanic garden by myself. Gentle fountains and rare plants offered peace away from busy office noise. Seated on a bench, I realized this was my first active choice to be alone since college — and I was enjoying the moment.(一次午休，我犹豫地独自去了植物园。柔和的喷泉与珍稀植物带来远离办公室喧嚣的宁静。坐在长椅上，我意识到这是上大学后我第一次主动选择独处，而且我很享受这一刻。)”可知，作者独自游览植物园时内心放松，感到十分愉悦。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是尾段中的“Still, every new layer of self-discovery reminds me that the core of that childhood joy survives within me. It guides me to know myself better and prepares me to understand the complicated world around me.(然而，每一层新的自我发现都提醒我，童年那份快乐的内核仍留存于我的内心。它指引我更好地认识自我，让我准备好去理解周围复杂的世界。)”可知，文章告诉我们真相藏于人的内心深处，要通过独处进行自我探寻。 C How does the brain know when it’s time to wake up? Previous sleep research has focused mostly on the brain circuitry that snaps people awake in seconds or on how sleep debt builds up after days of bad sleep. But how the brain keeps track of the intermediate time scale in a single continuous session of sleep has remained a mystery. To investigate, a neuroscientist at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, and her team searched for molecular signals (分子信号) that shift gradually during a sleep session. The researchers used a specialized glowing sensor in the brains of mice in real-time to watch the effects of protein kinase A, or PKA — an enzyme (酶) also found in humans and previously linked to wakefulness. This enzyme adds chemical “tags” to proteins on the surface of brain cells. They discovered that the presence of those tags followed a distinct and predictable rhythm: when the mice were awake, the level of protein tagging stayed high and steady. But as soon as the mice drifted off, the degree of protein tagging began a slow, continuous decline that lasted for the entire sleep session. Whenever the mice experienced a micro-awakening, or a brief interruption in their sleep, the PKA-related signal spiked upwards before dropping again. That means that the tagging simultaneously records total sleep duration and the frequency of interruptions. Because the PKA signal accounts for these restless moments, monitoring it can more accurately predict the moment-to-moment probability that the mouse is about to wake up than tracking how long the animal has been asleep, the researchers found. However, the degree of tagging doesn’t act as an alarm clock that triggers the exact second of waking, which could be caused by a sudden noise. Instead, it reflects a growing physiological readiness to wake. When the researchers deliberately kept the mice awake for long periods, then allowed them to sleep, the PKA signal dropped to even lower levels than during normal periods of sleep. The rate at which the signal fell remained the same. But because the sleep-deprived mice slept longer and experienced fewer periods of restlessness, the tagging levels had more uninterrupted time to decline before the animals woke up, the authors found. This suggests the enzyme signal measures how much of the accumulated sleep need has been relieved, rather than acting as a simple clock. Anita Lüthi, a sleep neuroscientist at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, says that sleep research has long focused mainly on using scattered electrical signals, such as those generated from electroencephalograms or EEGs, to understand human brain activity during sleep. Any work that sheds light on what’s happening on a molecular level during sleep is important, she says. The researchers are planning follow-up experiments in which they will manipulate PKA’s activity in real time to investigate whether the level of tagging directly drives the relief of sleep debt. 28. What does the “intermediate time scale” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. The days over which sleep debt slowly adds up. B. The minutes or hours throughout one stretch of sleep. C. The time needed for the brain circuitry to wake people up. D. The time measured across several separate sleep sessions. 29. What does the research done on sleep-deprived mice show? A. Sleep-deprived mice have more sleep interruptions. B. The amount of relieved sleep need can be reflected. C. A clock can tell the wake-up time of sleep-deprived mice. D. Longer undisturbed sleep makes PKA signal decline faster. 30. According to the passage, we can learn that ________. A. the tags made by PKA can record sleep features B. PKA’s activity can be manipulated in real time C. the research is praised for using new molecular tools D. the research shows the significance of relieving sleep debt 【答案】28. B 29. B 30. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍科学家通过小鼠实验研究PKA分子信号，揭示大脑如何感知睡眠时长与苏醒的生理准备机制。 【28题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“How does the brain know when it’s time to wake up? Previous sleep research has focused mostly on the brain circuitry that snaps people awake in seconds or on how sleep debt builds up after days of bad sleep. But how the brain keeps track of the intermediate time scale in a single continuous session of sleep has remained a mystery.(大脑如何知道该醒来的时间？以往睡眠研究大多聚焦于能在数秒内将人唤醒的大脑回路，或是多日睡眠不佳后睡眠债如何累积。但大脑如何追踪单次连续睡眠过程中的中间时间尺度，一直是个谜。)”可知，前文提到两种时间尺度：几秒内快速唤醒、数日累积睡眠债，本句转折提出的 intermediate time scale 介于二者之间，由此可知，intermediate time scale指单次连续睡眠过程里的数分钟或数小时。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“When the researchers deliberately kept the mice awake for long periods, then allowed them to sleep, the PKA signal dropped to even lower levels than during normal periods of sleep. The rate at which the signal fell remained the same. But because the sleep-deprived mice slept longer and experienced fewer periods of restlessness, the tagging levels had more uninterrupted time to decline before the animals woke up, the authors found. This suggests the enzyme signal measures how much of the accumulated sleep need has been relieved, rather than acting as a simple clock.(研究人员故意让小鼠长时间保持清醒后再让它们睡觉，PKA信号降到比正常睡眠阶段更低的水平。信号下降速率保持不变。作者发现，睡眠不足的小鼠睡眠时间更长、躁动更少，标记水平在小鼠醒来前拥有更长不间断的下降时间。这表明这种酶信号衡量累积睡眠需求被缓解的程度，而不是充当简单时钟。)”可知，对睡眠不足小鼠的实验表明，该信号可以反映被缓解的睡眠需求量。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“That means that the tagging simultaneously records total sleep duration and the frequency of interruptions. Because the PKA signal accounts for these restless moments, monitoring it can more accurately predict the moment-to-moment probability that the mouse is about to wake up than tracking how long the animal has been asleep, the researchers found.(这意味着这种标记可以同步记录总睡眠时长以及睡眠中断的频次。研究人员发现，由于PKA信号能反映这些躁动时段，相比单纯追踪动物的已睡眠时长，监测该信号能够更精准地预判小鼠即将醒来的瞬时概率。)”可知，PKA产生的标记能够记录睡眠相关特征。 D If someone knocked on your front door intending to murder a guest, would you lie to protect this person: to claim that they aren’t in your house when, in fact, they are? Misleading a would-be murderer in order to save an innocent life is self-evidently better than sticking to the principle that lying is wrong. Or, is it? Philosopher Immanuel Kant gave a different answer: absolute honesty is the only morally justifiable policy. “To be truthful in all declarations is,” he wrote, a “sacred unconditional command of reason, and not to be limited by any expediency”. Untruth is injurious to humanity as a whole, and this makes truth-telling a universal duty. Yet real-world circumstances are rarely so simple. History provides many situations in which such questions became painfully real. During World War II, many Europeans lied to invaders to protect innocent civilians. Among those who joined the resistance movement and were later honored as national heroes, some went far beyond what could reasonably have been expected and struggled with both their deeds and their own heroic status. Courage, therefore, also means accepting responsibility for what follows. Indeed, we may need to be courageous enough to pay a moral price on others’ behalf. Jean Paul Sartre described a young man hesitating between two kinds of morality — his morality of sympathy to his mother who depended on him completely, and the morality of a wider scope as he wished to fight for his country. No moral rule could tell him which duty mattered more. Instead of searching for certainty, Sartre argued, he had to choose for himself — and live with the consequences. According to Sartre, there is simply “too much uncertainty embedded in the situation for any universal framing of duty to resolve it”. And there are no principles to guide our decision. Yet, this is no cause for despair. As Sartre told the young man, “Nothing remains but to trust in our instincts”. It is the courage to act in the absence of certitude that defines the gift of human freedom. We must act, then try to live with the consequences of our actions. While Kant and Sartre reached different conclusions, there is one common ground: an insistence that each of us owes a duty to truth which we must find a way to honor, no matter what our circumstances. Kant believed that truthfulness is the foundation of moral life. Sartre saw that honesty begins with admitting that no universal rule can remove every uncertainty. Most of us will never face the dangers of war. Even so, ordinary life constantly asks us to make choices without complete information or guaranteed success. Every decision, large or small, asks us to accept uncertainty. No matter how strange or terrible the demands our times may make, it is the resolution to bear their burdens honestly that defines us. 31. Which statement explains Kant’s refusal to lie? A. The belief in free will should guide moral decisions. B. Moral duties should remain constant across situations. C. Moral choices should focus on protecting the innocent. D. Personal judgment should outweigh universal principles. 32. What does the word “certitude” underlined in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Evidence. B. Support. C. Responsibility. D. Certainty. 33. What does Sartre’s example of the young man mainly illustrate? A. Moral choices may involve conflicting responsibilities. B. Moral courage depends on following universal principles. C. Public duties should be prioritized over family obligations. D. Historical situations can help identify the more important duty. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. The Duty to Tell the Truth B. The Courage to Act C. The Moral Price of Lying D. The Gift of Freedom 【答案】31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要探讨康德与萨特关于道德选择、真话原则及不确定情形下行动勇气的观点。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Philosopher Immanuel Kant gave a different answer: absolute honesty is the only morally justifiable policy. “To be truthful in all declarations is,” he wrote, a “sacred unconditional command of reason, and not to be limited by any expediency”.(哲学家伊曼努尔·康德给出了不同答案：绝对诚实是唯一合乎道德的准则。他写道：“在所有陈述中保持真诚，是理性神圣而无条件的命令，不受任何权宜之计的限制。”)”可知，康德主张诚实是无条件的道德准则，道德义务不因场景改变而变化。 【32题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“According to Sartre, there is simply “too much uncertainty embedded in the situation for any universal framing of duty to resolve it”. And there are no principles to guide our decision. Yet, this is no cause for despair. As Sartre told the young man, “Nothing remains but to trust in our instincts”. It is the courage to act in the absence of certitude that defines the gift of human freedom.(萨特认为，情境中存在太多不确定性，任何关于责任的通用框架都无法解决它。没有原则指导我们的决定。但这不代表要绝望。正如萨特告诉那个年轻人：“只能相信我们的本能”。正是在缺乏certitude的情况下采取行动的勇气，定义了人类自由这份馈赠。)”，前文出现uncertainty（不确定性），由此推断certitude意为“确定性”，对应D选项Certainty（确定性）。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Jean Paul Sartre described a young man hesitating between two kinds of morality — his morality of sympathy to his mother who depended on him completely, and the morality of a wider scope as he wished to fight for his country.(让·保罗·萨特讲述了一个年轻人在两种道德之间犹豫不决——对完全依靠他的母亲的同情道德，以及他想要为国战斗这种更广层面的道德。)”可知，这个例子说明道德选择中会出现互相冲突的责任。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的 “Courage, therefore, also means accepting responsibility for what follows.(因此，勇气也意味着承担后续的后果。)”以及第五段中的 “It is the courage to act in the absence of certitude that defines the gift of human freedom.(正是在缺乏确定性的情况下采取行动的勇气，定义了人类自由这份馈赠。)”和末段“Most of us will never face the dangers of war. Even so, ordinary life constantly asks us to make choices without complete information or guaranteed success. Every decision, large or small, asks us to accept uncertainty. No matter how strange or terrible the demands our times may make, it is the resolution to bear their burdens honestly that defines us.(我们大多数人永远不会直面战争的危险。即便如此，日常生活却不断要求我们在信息不全、无法确保成功的情况下做出抉择。每一个决定，无论大小，都需要我们接受不确定性。无论我们所处的时代会提出多么怪异或严苛的要求，坦然承担这些重担的决心，塑造了我们本身)”可知，全文核心是在不确定的道德困境下，付诸行动的勇气。B选项The Courage to Act（行动的勇气）最适合作为标题。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Do you find yourself lacking energy, and that simple tasks are taking longer to do? Feeling detached, alone, negative or helpless? Do you feel like life is getting on top of you and you’re unable to keep up with the demands of your to-do list at work or at home? ____35____. It is a state of physical or mental exhaustion that is usually triggered by long-term exposure to stressors. Common symptoms include struggling to sleep or sleeping too much, feeling fatigued, finding it hard to do normal daily tasks, and a feeling of dread or anxiety. This can impact on your mental health, as you struggle to regain a sense of balance. ____36____ It’s not uncommon to drink more than usual, eat less well and neglect exercise — all things we know are connected to poorer mental health. ____37____ You don’t have to be a corporate executive to feel the pressure at work, and you don’t have to have a house full of children to burn out at home. Burnout can impact anyone at any time; the only common trigger is some kind of chronic stressor. If there’s something that’s making you feel chronically stressed, it can lead to burnout. One thing that can help is to regain a sense of perspective. Ask yourself: What do I want to be remembered for when I’m gone? Do I want someone to stand up at my funeral and say, “Well, she worked so hard we never really saw her”, or do I want them to tell stories about the amazing times they had with me when I wasn’t working? Next, make sure you plan in some time for you. Sometimes what you need is a complete stop to reset. ____38____ You may want to consult a professional if you’re struggling to identify the changes you need to make, or someone from another corporation to give you a different perspective. The most important thing, however, is not to ignore the way you’re feeling. Burnout is very real, and won’t get better without some kind of intervention, self-care and rest. If you ignore it, it can get worse, causing real damage to your physical and mental health. ____39____ A. It’s much better to take action before it’s too late. B. Burnout is something that anyone can experience. C. These are all signs that you could be heading towards a burnout. D. Besides, talking with someone close to you can also be beneficial. E. It’s also worth talking with someone removed from your situation. F. However you feel, you are not alone in experiencing these failures. G. When you’re feeling burned out, other areas of your life also start to suffer. 【答案】35. C 36. G 37. B 38. E 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍倦怠的表现、诱因，并且给出应对倦怠的相关办法，提醒人们重视身心耗竭问题。 【35题详解】 根据空前的“Do you find yourself lacking energy, and that simple tasks are taking longer to do? Feeling detached, alone, negative or helpless? Do you feel like life is getting on top of you and you’re unable to keep up with the demands of your to-do list at work or at home?(你是否感觉精力不足，简单的小事都要花费更长时间完成？感到疏离、孤独、消极无助？你是否觉得生活压得你喘不过气，无法完成工作或家庭里待办清单上的任务？)”以及空后的“It is a state of physical or mental exhaustion that is usually triggered by long-term exposure to stressors.(这是一种身心疲惫的状态，通常由长期处于压力源之下引发。)”可知，前文连续设问，列举多种身心不适的症状，空格需要承接这些症状，引出下文对倦怠概念的解释。C选项“These are all signs that you could be heading towards a burnout(这些都是你可能走向倦怠的信号)”中的These指代上文所列举的一系列负面身心感受，起到总结上文并引出下文定义的作用，前后语义连贯。 【36题详解】 根据空前的“Common symptoms include struggling to sleep or sleeping too much, feeling fatigued, finding it hard to do normal daily tasks, and a feeling of dread or anxiety. This can impact on your mental health, as you struggle to regain a sense of balance.(常见症状包括失眠或嗜睡、疲惫不堪、难以完成日常琐事，以及恐惧焦虑感。这会影响你的心理健康，让你难以重新找回平衡。)”以及空后的“It’s not uncommon to drink more than usual, eat less well and neglect exercise — all things we know are connected to poorer mental health.(很多人会饮酒过量、饮食变差、疏于锻炼，我们知道这些都会造成心理健康恶化。)”可知，前文阐述倦怠会对心理健康产生负面影响，空格需要承接该内容，说明倦怠还会给生活其他方面带来不良影响。G选项“When you’re feeling burned out, other areas of your life also start to suffer(当你陷入倦怠时，生活的其他方面也开始受到损害)”引出后文酗酒、饮食变差、疏于锻炼这些生活层面的不良表现，衔接前后两层内容。 【37题详解】 根据空后的“You don’t have to be a corporate executive to feel the pressure at work, and you don’t have to have a house full of children to burn out at home. Burnout can impact anyone at any time; the only common trigger is some kind of chronic stressor.(你不必是企业高管才会感受到工作压力，也不必家里有很多孩子才会在家产生倦怠。任何人随时都可能遭遇倦怠，唯一共同诱因是某种长期压力源。)”可知，后文用解释说明的方式，表明倦怠没有人群限制，任何人都可能出现倦怠。B选项“Burnout is something that anyone can experience(倦怠是任何人都可能经历的事情)”作为本段总起句，概括本段主旨，引出下文的具体阐述。 【38题详解】 根据空前的“Next, make sure you plan in some time for you. Sometimes what you need is a complete stop to reset.(接下来，一定要留出属于自己的时间。有时你需要彻底停下，重新调整状态。)”以及空后的“You may want to consult a professional if you’re struggling to identify the changes you need to make, or someone from another corporation to give you a different perspective(如果你难以确定需要做出哪些改变，可以咨询专业人士，或是其他行业的人来给你不同角度的看法。)”可知，前文给出留出自我时间进行调整的建议，空格继续补充另一种解决办法，后文提到可咨询外部无关人士获取新看法。E选项“It’s also worth talking with someone removed from your situation(和脱离你当下处境的人交流也会有所帮助)”中的someone removed from your situation指代后文someone from another corporation这类局外人，前后对象对应，逻辑通顺。 【39题详解】 根据空前的“Burnout is very real, and won’t get better without some kind of intervention, self-care and rest. If you ignore it, it can get worse, causing real damage to your physical and mental health.(倦怠真实存在，不进行干预、自我关怀和休息就不会好转。如果忽视它，情况会恶化，对你身心健康造成实质伤害。)”可知，前文阐述忽视倦怠会带来严重危害，空格需要承接该内容，提出对应的忠告，建议人们及时采取行动。A选项“It’s much better to take action before it’s too late(趁早采取行动会好很多)”对前文的危害论述进行总结，呼吁尽早干预，符合语境。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） In Australia’s Great Sandy Desert, native people have long used fire to care for the land. Carrying firesticks as they travelled, they burned small areas of dry grass at the right time of year. However, as desert people left their nomadic life in the 1950s, traditional burning gradually faded. Many medium-sized mammals disappeared from the Western Deserts. In the 1980s, lots of native people returned and resumed traditional burning. A recent study explored how this practice increased the number of the bilby (兔耳袋狸), a nationally threatened animal that is also culturally important to native people. The study found that native people regularly burn small patches of dry grass, by which they remove the fuel that would otherwise feed massive wildfires. These controlled burns create a mosaic of vegetation at different ages — freshly burned areas with little plant growth act as natural firebreaks, stopping larger wildfires from spreading. Satellite data confirms this: after burning resumed, more than 70 small fires occurred each year (most under five hectares), and no large fires have burned in the area since 2002. This pattern also benefits bilbies and other animals. Freshly burned areas encourage new plant growth, providing food, while nearby mature grass offers safe cover from predators such as cats and foxes. When threatened, a bilby can quickly move from an open feeding ground to nearby shelter. Small but stable bilby populations have persisted there since 1999. In contrast, remote areas without traditional burning saw fires only two or three times a year, but each burned more than 2,500 hectares. In one abandoned outstation, several large wildfires wiped out the local bilby population entirely. The research shows that native land-management practices can protect threatened species. As one Elder put it, people need to “look after the land properly” so that both nature and people can remain healthy. 40. What happened after native people stopped traditional burning? __________________________________________________________________ 41. How do native people remove the fuel that could cause massive wild fires? __________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Freshly burned areas encourage new plant growth, thus offering cover from predators. __________________________________________________________________ 43. What can you learn from the passage? How can you apply it in your life? (In about 40 words) __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Many medium-sized mammals disappeared from the Western Deserts. 41. Native people regularly burn small patches of dry grass, by which they remove the fuel that would otherwise feed massive wildfires. 42. Freshly burned areas encourage new plant growth, thus offering cover from predators. The false part: thus offering cover from predators. Explanation: Freshly burned areas encourage new plant growth, providing food, while nearby mature grass offers safe cover from predators. 43. We should respect traditional wisdom of protecting nature. In daily life, I can sort rubbish, plant more trees to clean the air and never buy products made from wild animals to protect our environment. 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍澳大利亚原住民传统烧荒管理土地，保护兔耳袋狸等濒危动物。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, as desert people left their nomadic life in the 1950s, traditional burning gradually faded. Many medium-sized mammals disappeared from the Western Deserts.(然而，在20世纪50年代，沙漠原住民结束游牧生活后，传统烧荒渐渐消失，许多中型哺乳动物从西部沙漠消失。)”可知，停止传统烧荒后，许多中型哺乳动物从西部沙漠消失。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The study found that native people regularly burn small patches of dry grass, by which they remove the fuel that would otherwise feed massive wildfires.(研究发现原住民会定期小片焚烧干草，借此清除可能引发大型野火的可燃物。)”可知原住民通过定期小片焚烧干草来清除可燃物。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Freshly burned areas encourage new plant growth, providing food, while nearby mature grass offers safe cover from predators such as cats and foxes.(刚烧过的区域促进新植物生长，提供食物；而附近成熟的草丛为动物提供躲避猫、狐狸等捕食者的庇护。)”可知，提供躲避天敌掩护的不是刚焚烧过的区域，而是附近成熟的草地。原句中“thus offering cover from predators”表述错误。 【43题详解】 开放性试题。根据第六段中的“The research shows that native land-management practices can protect threatened species. As one Elder put it, people need to “look after the land properly” so that both nature and people can remain healthy.(研究表明原住民土地管理方式能够保护濒危物种。一位长者说，人们要妥善照料土地，人与自然才能保持健康。)”可知，我们应当尊重保护自然的传统智慧。在日常生活中，我可以进行垃圾分类、多植树净化空气，并且绝不购买野生动物制品，以此来保护我们的环境。 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你所在的小组报名参加了一个以“Art Connects the World”为主题的艺术作品征集活动，请你给外籍指导老师Jim写一封英文邮件，内容包括： 1. 介绍作品设想； 2. 咨询现有问题。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Jim, I am Li Hua from your art group. We are preparing a work for the “Art Connects the World” activity and would like to share our idea with you. We plan to create a mixed-media collage showing students from different countries holding hands around a globe, with traditional patterns from various cultures woven into the background. We hope it can express how art brings people together. However, we are not sure whether digital printing is allowed, and we also wonder if there is a size limit for the final piece. Could you please give us some advice? Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华身份给外籍老师Jim写邮件，介绍艺术作品设想并咨询相关问题。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 准备：prepare → make preparations for 各种各样的：various → a variety of 表达：express → convey 建议：advice → proposal 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：We plan to create a mixed-media collage showing students from different countries holding hands around a globe. 拓展句：What we plan to create is a mixed-media collage which shows students from different countries holding hands around a globe. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】We plan to create a mixed-media collage showing students from different countries holding hands around a globe, with traditional patterns from various cultures woven into the background.（运用现在分词作后置定语以及with复合结构） 【高分句型 2】However, we are not sure whether digital printing is allowed, and we also wonder if there is a size limit for the final piece.（运用whether和if引导宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高24级试卷 英语 2026.10 学部________班级________姓名________考号________ 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 When I noticed an opening for a university instructor post, my first thought was to pass it up, as my limited undergraduate teaching experience made the job feel too challenging. ____1____ consumed me at the thought of facing a whole classroom. However, I thought of a past opportunity that had pushed me out of my comfort zone and how it had changed me ____2____. Back in college, while working at the gym front desk and ____3____ for a biology exam, a co-worker noticed my textbook and asked if I worked with any professors. I did not. I had never dared ask for such a chance. He told me a lab ____4____ would soon arise when he graduated and offered to recommend me to his professor. I believed research roles belonged only to the most gifted. Deep down, I feared my weakness would ____5____ me before the professor. Reluctantly, I agreed to try. I sat nervously before the professor and struggled with his questions, overstating my ability. Luckily, I got the position and began a new experience. I knew almost nothing of lab work at first. The professor allowed me to ____6____ him in the lab. Step by step I gained knowledge and sharpened my skills. This paved the way for my graduate studies and proved risky chances could bring surprising ____7____. That lesson served as a guiding light years later. I sent in my application despite self-doubt. Soon I was teaching undergraduates, and my nervousness ____8____. Now, I have committed to shifting my ____9____ response to “yes” when presented with career opportunities. I no longer fear uncertainty. Challenging situations help us grow and uncover passions that would otherwise stay ____10____. 1. A. Excitement B. Anxiety C. Pride D. Disappointment 2. A. frequently B. casually C. unexpectedly D. mysteriously 3. A. preparing B. waiting C. longing D. applying 4. A. revolution B. vacancy C. promotion D. emergency 5. A. block B. comfort C. convince D. betray 6. A. shadow B. guide C. assess D. notice 7. A. positions B. discoveries C. benefits D. solutions 8. A. kicked in B. took over C. broke out D. wore off 9. A. automatic B. brief C. positive D. strong 10. A. endless B. hidden C. apparent D. accessible 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 A tiny dog named Prieta, who had gone missing for nearly two weeks after ____11____ (frighten) by fireworks on Independence Day, was miraculously rescued from San Francisco Bay. After receiving a call from a concerned citizen, firefighters rushed to the scene, using drones and boats to search for the dog. ____12____ (spot) from above, the exhausted animal was carefully pulled from the water and immediately wrapped in a warm blanket. Later she ____13____ (hand) over to an animal welfare team, which tracked down her owners. Having almost lost hope, the owner expressed sincere gratitude to the ____14____ (rescue), saying that the past two weeks had been filled with agony and worry. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 For generations, we regarded sleep, exercise and diet ____15____ three separate pieces of health advice. Yet modern science reveals a more elegant truth — they all care for the same biological system. At its heart lie mitochondria (线粒体), the tiny structures inside cells that transform food into energy. ____16____ the brain makes up only 2% of body weight, it consumes roughly a fifth of the body’s energy at rest. Sleep repairs damaged mitochondria, exercise makes them more efficient, and diet provides the raw materials they need. The three habits are simply different ways of sustaining the ancient energy system on ____17____ both our bodies and minds depend. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 The Eight Immortals Legend is a beloved piece of Chinese folklore that ____18____ (date) back over a thousand years. It centers on eight Taoist immortals crossing the sea, each displaying unique powers through their own magical treasures. Their adventure sparks a conflict with the Dragon King of the East Sea, resolved through the mediation of Guanyin. The legend ____19____ (evolve) over centuries through oral storytelling and literary adaptations before it was standardized in Wu Yuantai’s Ming Dynasty novel The Journey to the East. In 2008, it was listed as ____20____ item of intangible cultural heritage, showcasing its enduring appeal in Chinese culture. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A The city environmental department launches the Rain-Garden Volunteer Program to build small community rain-gardens across densely-populated residential neighbourhoods. Funded jointly by city public utilities and limited private donations, these specially designed gardens collect rainwater runoff from streets and rooftops, moderate local flood pressure during rainy seasons, filter harmful pollutants carried by storm water, and create stable habitats for native bees, butterflies and songbirds. Volunteers will take part in different stages of garden building and long-term maintenance. Practical tasks include removing invasive plant species, planting locally-adapted native species, building natural stone borders, clearing fallen rubbish, and carrying out seasonal pruning (修剪) work after construction is finished. Previous professional gardening experience is not a compulsory requirement. Free group training sessions will be offered one week before field work, covering native plant knowledge, tool usage and strict safe outdoor operating rules. Though training is open to all registered participants, attendance is strongly recommended yet not mandatory. Volunteer groups are organized by neighbourhood zones. Each team is led by one full-time paid environmental technician. Most field work takes place on weekend mornings, while occasional weekday afternoon sessions are arranged for university student groups. Participants should bear in mind several non-negotiable requirements. Closed-toe shoes are compulsory for all field work to avoid cuts from stones or sharp branches. Volunteers under 16 must come along with a parent or legal guardian; written parental permission alone will not be accepted as a substitute. This programme offers no cash payment. Every regular participant will receive a printed guidebook about city storm-water management as well as a reusable water bottle, yet these souvenirs are only handed out upon completion of at least two on-site activities. Registration is carried out online. When signing up, volunteers must choose their neighbourhood zone and fill in basic personal information. If participants cannot make it after registration, they are expected to cancel at least 48 hours ahead so that spare positions can be given to people on the official waiting list. Simply sending a replacement volunteer without advance notice will lead to disqualification from future activities. 21. What is one major function of the community rain-gardens? A. Providing funds for public utility services. B. Supplying clean drinking water for local residents. C. Reducing the risks of urban flooding in wet months. D. Producing organic vegetables for surrounding residents. 22. According to the passage, participants ________. A. can get souvenirs after they finish a field activity B. must be trained before carrying out any field task C. can wear open-toe footwear when the weather is fine D. must be accompanied by a legal guardian if under 16 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce a volunteer program. B. To describe the benefits of rain gardens. C. To persuade people to protect the environment. D. To encourage people to participate in field work. B As a child, I never minded being alone. Being alone meant freedom: climbing monkey bars without teachers shouting for me to stay grounded, or eating plenty of saltwater taffy without parents warning of an upcoming dentist visit. Along California’s coast, the Pacific Ocean was my playground. When visiting my grandparents in South Korea each summer, I happily wandered Seoul’s busy streets. Every narrow alley felt like a pirate-map path holding small surprises: a shop with rare popsicles or a quiet, cool bookstore where I could read undisturbed. Truly, nothing felt more wonderful than time spent on my own. However, when I came to college, I was surrounded by people and social events nearly all the time. I began to see time by myself as time wasted on building closer bonds with others. At Stanford, students often hear campus friendships will shape their futures, so choosing to stay alone rarely felt reasonable. Little by little, I grew to avoid private time instead of cherishing it. Frequent mid-term tests, internship searches and growing worry filled my days. Spending real time by myself forced me to face the uncomfortable, burning feelings deep inside me, so I looked for ways to keep my mind occupied. I went to concerts with friends, tried unfamiliar classes, and joined career events for paths I had once looked down on. An inner voice questioned whether I was living in a way that suited me. Still, I pushed the thought away. I believed being around other people, whatever we did and however little I enjoyed it, brought me value I could never get by myself. It wasn’t until the spring of my junior year that I faced this reality. With daytime internship work and evening classes, I could seldom join group activities. One lunch break, I hesitantly visited the botanic garden by myself. Gentle fountains and rare plants offered peace away from busy office noise. Seated on a bench, I realized this was my first active choice to be alone since college — and I was enjoying the moment. My mindset shifted once more. Encouraged, I took a solo weekend trip to New York and later flew to Los Angeles for a music festival my friends could not attend. Back in senior year, I kept this attitude alive through small independent outings. As I grow older, my need for personal time has shifted. Relationships and responsibilities grow more complex, and rediscovering my childhood joy calls for patience and effort. Still, every new layer of self-discovery reminds me that the core of that childhood joy survives within me. It guides me to know myself better and prepares me to understand the complicated world around me. 24. When she was young, the author ________. A. preferred outdoor adventures over reading B. valued the importance of travelling abroad C. longed to be independent and self-disciplined D. enjoyed moments of unguided self-exploration 25. In her first two college years, the author believed that ________. A. frequent social activities would exhaust her mentally B. alone time didn’t always come easy in busy schedules C. personal time meant lost chances of social connection D. campus friendships were valuable but hard to maintain 26. How did the author feel when visiting the botanic garden alone? A. Relaxed and surprisingly pleased. B. Curious and deeply moved. C. Amazed but mildly lonely. D. Grateful but slightly guilty. 27. What can we learn from the passage? A. The truth lies deep within oneself. B. Time and tide wait for no man. C. Still waters run deep. D. No man is an island. C How does the brain know when it’s time to wake up? Previous sleep research has focused mostly on the brain circuitry that snaps people awake in seconds or on how sleep debt builds up after days of bad sleep. But how the brain keeps track of the intermediate time scale in a single continuous session of sleep has remained a mystery. To investigate, a neuroscientist at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, and her team searched for molecular signals (分子信号) that shift gradually during a sleep session. The researchers used a specialized glowing sensor in the brains of mice in real-time to watch the effects of protein kinase A, or PKA — an enzyme (酶) also found in humans and previously linked to wakefulness. This enzyme adds chemical “tags” to proteins on the surface of brain cells. They discovered that the presence of those tags followed a distinct and predictable rhythm: when the mice were awake, the level of protein tagging stayed high and steady. But as soon as the mice drifted off, the degree of protein tagging began a slow, continuous decline that lasted for the entire sleep session. Whenever the mice experienced a micro-awakening, or a brief interruption in their sleep, the PKA-related signal spiked upwards before dropping again. That means that the tagging simultaneously records total sleep duration and the frequency of interruptions. Because the PKA signal accounts for these restless moments, monitoring it can more accurately predict the moment-to-moment probability that the mouse is about to wake up than tracking how long the animal has been asleep, the researchers found. However, the degree of tagging doesn’t act as an alarm clock that triggers the exact second of waking, which could be caused by a sudden noise. Instead, it reflects a growing physiological readiness to wake. When the researchers deliberately kept the mice awake for long periods, then allowed them to sleep, the PKA signal dropped to even lower levels than during normal periods of sleep. The rate at which the signal fell remained the same. But because the sleep-deprived mice slept longer and experienced fewer periods of restlessness, the tagging levels had more uninterrupted time to decline before the animals woke up, the authors found. This suggests the enzyme signal measures how much of the accumulated sleep need has been relieved, rather than acting as a simple clock. Anita Lüthi, a sleep neuroscientist at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, says that sleep research has long focused mainly on using scattered electrical signals, such as those generated from electroencephalograms or EEGs, to understand human brain activity during sleep. Any work that sheds light on what’s happening on a molecular level during sleep is important, she says. The researchers are planning follow-up experiments in which they will manipulate PKA’s activity in real time to investigate whether the level of tagging directly drives the relief of sleep debt. 28. What does the “intermediate time scale” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. The days over which sleep debt slowly adds up. B. The minutes or hours throughout one stretch of sleep. C. The time needed for the brain circuitry to wake people up. D. The time measured across several separate sleep sessions. 29. What does the research done on sleep-deprived mice show? A. Sleep-deprived mice have more sleep interruptions. B. The amount of relieved sleep need can be reflected. C. A clock can tell the wake-up time of sleep-deprived mice. D. Longer undisturbed sleep makes PKA signal decline faster. 30. According to the passage, we can learn that ________. A. the tags made by PKA can record sleep features B. PKA’s activity can be manipulated in real time C. the research is praised for using new molecular tools D. the research shows the significance of relieving sleep debt D If someone knocked on your front door intending to murder a guest, would you lie to protect this person: to claim that they aren’t in your house when, in fact, they are? Misleading a would-be murderer in order to save an innocent life is self-evidently better than sticking to the principle that lying is wrong. Or, is it? Philosopher Immanuel Kant gave a different answer: absolute honesty is the only morally justifiable policy. “To be truthful in all declarations is,” he wrote, a “sacred unconditional command of reason, and not to be limited by any expediency”. Untruth is injurious to humanity as a whole, and this makes truth-telling a universal duty. Yet real-world circumstances are rarely so simple. History provides many situations in which such questions became painfully real. During World War II, many Europeans lied to invaders to protect innocent civilians. Among those who joined the resistance movement and were later honored as national heroes, some went far beyond what could reasonably have been expected and struggled with both their deeds and their own heroic status. Courage, therefore, also means accepting responsibility for what follows. Indeed, we may need to be courageous enough to pay a moral price on others’ behalf. Jean Paul Sartre described a young man hesitating between two kinds of morality — his morality of sympathy to his mother who depended on him completely, and the morality of a wider scope as he wished to fight for his country. No moral rule could tell him which duty mattered more. Instead of searching for certainty, Sartre argued, he had to choose for himself — and live with the consequences. According to Sartre, there is simply “too much uncertainty embedded in the situation for any universal framing of duty to resolve it”. And there are no principles to guide our decision. Yet, this is no cause for despair. As Sartre told the young man, “Nothing remains but to trust in our instincts”. It is the courage to act in the absence of certitude that defines the gift of human freedom. We must act, then try to live with the consequences of our actions. While Kant and Sartre reached different conclusions, there is one common ground: an insistence that each of us owes a duty to truth which we must find a way to honor, no matter what our circumstances. Kant believed that truthfulness is the foundation of moral life. Sartre saw that honesty begins with admitting that no universal rule can remove every uncertainty. Most of us will never face the dangers of war. Even so, ordinary life constantly asks us to make choices without complete information or guaranteed success. Every decision, large or small, asks us to accept uncertainty. No matter how strange or terrible the demands our times may make, it is the resolution to bear their burdens honestly that defines us. 31. Which statement explains Kant’s refusal to lie? A. The belief in free will should guide moral decisions. B. Moral duties should remain constant across situations. C. Moral choices should focus on protecting the innocent. D. Personal judgment should outweigh universal principles. 32. What does the word “certitude” underlined in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Evidence. B. Support. C. Responsibility. D. Certainty. 33. What does Sartre’s example of the young man mainly illustrate? A. Moral choices may involve conflicting responsibilities. B. Moral courage depends on following universal principles. C. Public duties should be prioritized over family obligations. D. Historical situations can help identify the more important duty. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. The Duty to Tell the Truth B. The Courage to Act C. The Moral Price of Lying D. The Gift of Freedom 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Do you find yourself lacking energy, and that simple tasks are taking longer to do? Feeling detached, alone, negative or helpless? Do you feel like life is getting on top of you and you’re unable to keep up with the demands of your to-do list at work or at home? ____35____. It is a state of physical or mental exhaustion that is usually triggered by long-term exposure to stressors. Common symptoms include struggling to sleep or sleeping too much, feeling fatigued, finding it hard to do normal daily tasks, and a feeling of dread or anxiety. This can impact on your mental health, as you struggle to regain a sense of balance. ____36____ It’s not uncommon to drink more than usual, eat less well and neglect exercise — all things we know are connected to poorer mental health. ____37____ You don’t have to be a corporate executive to feel the pressure at work, and you don’t have to have a house full of children to burn out at home. Burnout can impact anyone at any time; the only common trigger is some kind of chronic stressor. If there’s something that’s making you feel chronically stressed, it can lead to burnout. One thing that can help is to regain a sense of perspective. Ask yourself: What do I want to be remembered for when I’m gone? Do I want someone to stand up at my funeral and say, “Well, she worked so hard we never really saw her”, or do I want them to tell stories about the amazing times they had with me when I wasn’t working? Next, make sure you plan in some time for you. Sometimes what you need is a complete stop to reset. ____38____ You may want to consult a professional if you’re struggling to identify the changes you need to make, or someone from another corporation to give you a different perspective. The most important thing, however, is not to ignore the way you’re feeling. Burnout is very real, and won’t get better without some kind of intervention, self-care and rest. If you ignore it, it can get worse, causing real damage to your physical and mental health. ____39____ A. It’s much better to take action before it’s too late. B. Burnout is something that anyone can experience. C. These are all signs that you could be heading towards a burnout. D. Besides, talking with someone close to you can also be beneficial. E. It’s also worth talking with someone removed from your situation. F. However you feel, you are not alone in experiencing these failures. G. When you’re feeling burned out, other areas of your life also start to suffer. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） In Australia’s Great Sandy Desert, native people have long used fire to care for the land. Carrying firesticks as they travelled, they burned small areas of dry grass at the right time of year. However, as desert people left their nomadic life in the 1950s, traditional burning gradually faded. Many medium-sized mammals disappeared from the Western Deserts. In the 1980s, lots of native people returned and resumed traditional burning. A recent study explored how this practice increased the number of the bilby (兔耳袋狸), a nationally threatened animal that is also culturally important to native people. The study found that native people regularly burn small patches of dry grass, by which they remove the fuel that would otherwise feed massive wildfires. These controlled burns create a mosaic of vegetation at different ages — freshly burned areas with little plant growth act as natural firebreaks, stopping larger wildfires from spreading. Satellite data confirms this: after burning resumed, more than 70 small fires occurred each year (most under five hectares), and no large fires have burned in the area since 2002. This pattern also benefits bilbies and other animals. Freshly burned areas encourage new plant growth, providing food, while nearby mature grass offers safe cover from predators such as cats and foxes. When threatened, a bilby can quickly move from an open feeding ground to nearby shelter. Small but stable bilby populations have persisted there since 1999. In contrast, remote areas without traditional burning saw fires only two or three times a year, but each burned more than 2,500 hectares. In one abandoned outstation, several large wildfires wiped out the local bilby population entirely. The research shows that native land-management practices can protect threatened species. As one Elder put it, people need to “look after the land properly” so that both nature and people can remain healthy. 40. What happened after native people stopped traditional burning? __________________________________________________________________ 41. How do native people remove the fuel that could cause massive wild fires? __________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Freshly burned areas encourage new plant growth, thus offering cover from predators. __________________________________________________________________ 43. What can you learn from the passage? How can you apply it in your life? (In about 40 words) __________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你所在的小组报名参加了一个以“Art Connects the World”为主题的艺术作品征集活动，请你给外籍指导老师Jim写一封英文邮件，内容包括： 1. 介绍作品设想； 2. 咨询现有问题。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $