上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第二学期高三年级英语学科3月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高三年级英语学科3月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. SeaOrbiter Staring out of your bedroom window, you watch as a great white shark swims by. Soon an octopus comes into view, followed by a jellyfish. You're on the SeaOrbiter, one of the most high-tech vessels (船) ever 1          (create) for ocean exploration. The 60-meter-all vessel has an unusual design. The top half is above the ocean's surface, while the bottom is underwater. Unlike a ship, the SeaOrbiter is so energy-efficient that it 2          stay in the water for long periods without retuning to land to refuel. "Scientists can observe the oceans for months or even years 3          end," SeaOrbiter operations director Bill Todd says. While other vessels make a lot of noise as they move through water, the SeaOrbiter will be quiet. 4          the vessel won't make much noise, it will pick up plenty. Super-sensitive underwater recorders will capture sounds from marine life, such as whales that are too far below the vesse1 5          (see). Check out some of the SeaOrbiter's coolest features: The Lab An egg-shaped space with three levels, the above-water marine lab will have several aquariums (水族馆). These will contain small marine animals that scientists can view up close. They can also use the high-tech lab equipment to test pollution levels in seawater. Power Sources The SeaOrbiter will mostly run on solar and wind energy. Its motors will only be turned on 6          necessary, such as when entering a port. "The vessel is very eco-friendly." Todd says. "Our goal is to study the ocean without changing it." Divers Delight The diving equipment room is located seven meters above the ocean. After putting on scuba gear (潜水装置), scientists will be able to take an outdoor elevator and go 12 meters below the water's surface. Remotely Operated Vehicles Below the surface are Remotely Operated Vehicles, devices 7          let scientists explore underwater mountains, canyons, and even shipwrecks without leaving the vessel. These vehicles can travel deep into the ocean while 8          (send) live video back to the SeaOrbiter. When the SeaOrbiter 9          (launch), it will sail to remote parts of oceans. It will move with the currents while scientists conduct research. This vessel, says Todd, "will help us uncover 10          is hidden in the sea." Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adequate B. continentally C. dominated D. enforcement E. historically F. home G. location H. performing I. reuniting J. sought K. status Locally Extinct Rhino Is Back in Chad Pigs don't fly yet, but rhinos do. Six black rhinoceroses were flown from South Africa to Zakouma National Park in Chad last week, 11          the threatened animal with a land it has not walked on in nearly five decades. Chad is one of several African countries that have recently 12          to start their own small black rhino populations in an attempt to protect the species from extinction. It is a participant in the African Rhino Conservation Plan, which hopes to significantly grow the number of rhinos in Africa over the next five years. Up until the mid-20th century, black rhinos 13          the landscape of Chad, grazing (吃草) and attracting tourists. But they also attracted poachers, who hunted them for their horns, which are displayed as 14          symbols. The population of black rhinos is down 97.6 percent since 1960. Some estimate that as few as 5,500 are left on the continent, according to the African Wildlife Foundation. Cathy Dean, chief executive officer of Save the Rhino, an advocacy group, said six black rhinos were not significant in the context of the 5,000 or so that exist 15         . But it's a good sign that Chad has a safe place to house rhinos now. According to the African Wildlife Foundation, 98 percent of the current black rhino population exists in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya and Namibia. South Africa, which is 16          to 20          percent of the rhinos, has already moved some of them to other countries, like Botswana. Zakouma National Park will be responsible for protecting the rhinos from poachers and providing them with a(n) 17          environment to live in. Transporting the animals to create a new population is a plan that can prove effective, Ms. Dean said. "Some subspecies are 18          really well, with an annual growth rate at 9 percent or even higher," she said in an email. But moving the rhinos to a place where they once were and no longer are isn't enough. The population must be managed and protected, and law 19          must play a role, Ms. Dean said. There should also be biological management, guided by effective monitoring. The rhinos cannot be dropped into a(n) 20          and expected to mate. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Despite nutrition experts' best efforts to educate people about the dangers of a diet filled with processed food, it appears that the world doesn't want to listen. Medical specialists point out that, although eating too much unhealthy food is likely to be as dangerous in the long term as smoking, regular consumption of high-calorie food has somehow become more socially 21          than ever. While local authorities in some towns and cities have taken measures to fight the rise in this trend by 22          the number of fast food outlets permitted to be open at the same time, critics argue that people have every right to make their own decisions about what they eat and how they choose to live. However, the way in which we have come to eat a lot of takeaways isn't only a(n) 23          issue of weight gain, or of buying larger clothes. The consequences of mass overconsumption should strike 24          into the hearts of everyone. Research suggests that there is an evolutionary reason as to why people 25          overeat-it is simply part of our inborn behaviour. When humans evolved, we did not have the adequate supply of food that we enjoy today, and so eating was more about 26          than pleasure. We became more likely to choose high-calorie foods, with high fat content, that could 27          us through cold winters when the supply of nourishment became inadequate. This explains why a 600-calorie burger seems so 28         : it makes us feel well fed and inspires contentment. Processed food 29          the reward response in our brains, so we feel obliged to overeat, and not necessarily in a healthy way. Junk food acts as a trigger (触发器) for chemicals such as the 'feel good' dopamine to flood through the brain and cause a sensation of happiness. 30          high amounts of sugar and sodium (one of the chemicals in salt and other ingredients of fast food) cause a huge rise in blood sugar, pushing it to unnatural levels. This occurs within the first few moments of eating a high-calorie meal. From there, routinely processing such high levels of sodium is 31         . The body's organs are pushed beyond their 32          ability to do so. The kidneys (肾脏) cannot remove all the extra salt from the blood, and thus extra sodium causes the heart to pump faster while transporting blood through the veins (血管). There are multiple dangers of high blood pressure, especially for the elderly and in the long term. Sodium 33          in such quantities can lead to dehydration, a condition whose symptoms are extremely similar to hunger, and this leads to a painful truth: as soon as you have finished your junk food meal, you immediately start to 34          another. Thereafter, the body starts to digest the food. Usually, this takes between 4 and 12 hours, but with fast food, where the fat content is so much higher, the same 35          lasts at least three days. 21. A. worthwhile B. acceptable C. relevant D. responsible 22. A. declaring B. estimating C. increasing D. limiting 23. A. alternative B. meaningless C. collective D. personal 24. A. boredom B. relief C. fear D. satisfaction 25. A. compulsively B. reluctantly C. defensively D. objectively 26. A. appetite B. evolution C. survival D. fighting 27. A. sustain B. please C. guide D. supply 28. A. tremendous B. surprising C. attractive D. expensive 29. A. stimulates B. guarantees C. produces D. illustrates 30. A. Predictably B. Therefore C. Comparatively D. Meanwhile 31. A. inevitable B. impossible C. significant D. powerful 32. A. natural B. superior C. minimum D. learned 33. A. turned up B. passed down C. looked over D. taken in 34. A. offer B. prepare C. desire D. share 35. A. symptom B. process C. damage D. hunger Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Even though some people believe that money makes the world go around, many people would choose health over wealth. For someone like violinist Robert Gupta, who was on his way to becoming a physician before joining the Los Angeles Philharmonic at age 19, music, health, and wealth are all part of the same package. In addition to music, Gupta is deeply interested in neurobiology (神经生物学). Because of his interests, he has had the chance to work with Nathaniel Anthony Ayers, a talented musician whose career was sidelined by schizophrenia. Although Ayers studied music at the Juilliard School in New York City, his mental illness got in the way of professional success. After dropping out of Julliard and having unsuccessful medical treatment for his schizophrenia, Ayers moved to Los Angeles where he ended up homeless. In 2005, a journalist for the Los Angeles Times named Steve Lopez heard Ayers playing music in the streets. Lopez wrote a book about Ayers and became his friend. Their friendship became the subject of a movie, and because of the book and the movie, Ayers has had a chance to perform his music in some of the most famous concert halls in the world. It seemed like Ayers had found his happy ending. However, he refuses to take medication to treat his schizophrenia. He says it keeps him from "hearing the music". Because of this, Ayers is still subject to schizophrenia and sometimes leaves his home to go back to the streets. Gupta was introduced to Ayers after Lopez took his friend to a performance of Beethoven's First and Fourth symphonies, and Ayers asked Gupta for a violin lesson. When they first met, Ayers was on edge. Gupta was afraid that if he taught the lesson in his usual way, Ayers would react violently. Finally, he just began playing. A change came over Ayers. Gupta said, "And in a miracle, he lifted his own violin and he started playing." The two musicians played many violin pieces together that day. A bond was formed. Music, Gupta realized, is a way to deal with our emotions, even our most unpleasant ones. "This was the very reason why we made music through our creativity, we're able to shape those emotions into reality," he says. Now, Gupta says, "I will always make music with Nathaniel, whether we're at Walt Disney Concert Hall or on Skid Row, because he reminds me why I became a musician." 36. From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that Robert Gupta_ A. became a physician at the age of 19 B. was interested in the treatment of schizophrenia C. was lucky to be wealthy, healthy and talented in music D. had long dreamed to join the Los Angeles Philharmonic 37. Ayers got the chance to perform in some famous concert halls thanks to A. Steve Lopez's book and a movie about their friendship B. his great efforts to fight against his mental illness C. Robert Gupta's original way of teaching music D. his talent in composing and playing music 38. By "on edge" (in paragraph 5), the author means that Ayers was A. excited but uncertain B. eager for a violin lesson C. nervous and bad-tempered D. anxious about his own career 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Two Musicians B. Teaching Music C. Why Study Music D. Music Is Medicine （B） Hibernation is a complex solution to a simple problem. In winter, food is scarce. To survive this seasonal starvation, animals, such as the arctic ground squirrel and black bear, hibernate so that physiological shifts keep them alive despite the lack of food, water and movement. Researchers and doctors alike are interested in how these hibernation tricks could help humans with their own health. THREAT: Stroke INSIGHT: Blood flow in the brain of a hibernating arctic ground squirrel drops to a tenth of normal. Typically such oxygen shortage would cause a stroke. But these squirrels can survive all winter because their metabolism (新陈代谢) lowers to 2 percent of its summer rate--requiring much less oxygen to maintain. If doctors could similarly lower the metabolism of a human patient immediately after a stroke--perhaps by cooling the body-they might prevent permanent brain damage, says Brian Barnes, a biologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. THREAT: Diabetes INSIGHT: People who gain a lot of weight often stop responding to insulin (胰岛素), which regulates the amount of glucose (葡萄糖) that cells take up from the blood. Yet grizzly bears gain 100 pounds or more each autumn and somehow avoid diabetes. A recent study found that the grizzlies' fat cells become more sensitive to insulin as they prepare for the winter, allowing the bears to keep processing and storing sugar. Scientists at biotechnology company Amgen are now testing whether making slight changes to the same protein that controls sensitivity in diabetic humans could have similar results. THREAT: Osteoporosis INSIGHT: If a human were to lie still for long periods without food, his or her bones would slowly degrade. A black bear, however, emerges from its cave after winter just as strong as ever because its bone is recycled at 25 percent of normal levels during hibernation. Researchers at Colorado State University are now trying to identify the hormones (激素) that control this extreme limit on bone turnover. They aim to create a drug for people at risk for osteoporosis that similarly protects bone density. THREAT: Heart Disease INSIGHT: During heart surgery, a patient becomes short of oxygen when the heart stops beating. To cope, the body switches from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Unfortunately, the change creates lactic acid, which can kill cells if it builds up. Damage of this kind does not occur in hibernating arctic ground squirrels, likely because they break down more fats than sugars even after the heart has slowed to just one beat per minute. Researchers at Duke University and the University of Alaska Fairbanks are now working to identify how this species prioritizes fat as fuel in low-oxygen conditions. Finding a way to get heart surgery patients to do the same may reduce injury to organs during procedures. 40. What is the passage mainly about? A. What humans can learn from animals that sleep for months on end. B. What health threats humans are facing while they are under treatment. C. How humans can survive from the same tough conditions as animals do. D. How health threats can be avoided if humans are with certain animals. 41. How grizzly bears process sugar in the autumn may give insights into how to deal with A. stroke B. diabetes C. osteoporosis D. heart disease 42. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Metabolism usually consumes a small amount of oxygen. B. Fat cells are more sensitive to insulin than other cells. C. Lying still for a long time will affect bone density. D. Doctors are seeking ways to keep patients' hearts beating in surgery. （C） When antibiotics (抗生素) first became available, farmers used them freely. Now scientists know that the overuse of antibiotics can cultivate drug-resistant bacteria that are dangerous to human health. Among debates over what kinds of restrictions should be put in place, figuring out how antibiotic-resistant bacteria evolve and make their way to humans remains an area of intense interest. Jo Handelsman is tracing one such pathway that, as she puts it, travels from "farm to table." Handelsman, a microbiologist who is now associate director for science at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, looked into dairy cows, which are often treated with antibiotics and produce manure (排泄物) that farmers use on their crops. In addition to nutrients, that fertilizer may harbor antibiotic-resistant bacteria-a problem because the bacteria can come into contact with plants that are finally shipped to supermarkets and sometimes eaten raw. To find out how those antibiotic-resistant bacteria come to exist, Handelsman and her colleagues at Yale University added manure from a nearby Connecticut farm to raised beds of soil in 2013. In this case, the manure specifically came from cows that were not treated with antibiotics. The researchers unexpectedly found that there were more soil bacteria carrying antibiotic-resistant genes when they were grown with the manure than when they were grown with synthetic nitrogen-based fertilizer-even though the cows were drug-free. Previous research has found that manure from pigs treated with antibiotics contains resistant bacteria, but the cow-pie results suggest there are more factors promoting resistance besides antibiotic use. Something about manure itself may encourage naturally resistant bacteria to increase. The findings should not, however, give the impression that resistance is everywhere, notes Lance Price, a microbiologist at George Washington University (who was not involved in the study). "We can control this. There's very clear evidence that when we turn off the antibiotic tap, we bring down drug-resistant bacteria," says Lance. Next on the farm-to-table schedule, Handelsman will test whether radishes grown in soil treated with cow manure are capable of taking up resistant genes from bacteria through their vascular system (循环系统)."They have veins (血管) just like us," she says. "We don't have any evidence yet that they're taking up the bacteria, but it's a really interesting possibility." 43. What does Jo Handelsman's research focus on? A. How antibiotics makes its way onto our table. B. What restrictions should be put to antibiotics use. C. How antibiotics-resistant bacteria reach human beings. D. What damage the overuse of antibiotics does to humans. 44. What did Jo's research find? A. Drug-free cows produced manure with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. B. Synthetic nitrogen-based fertilizer did more good to the environment. C. Soil bacteria carrying antibiotic-resistant genes were increasing with time. D. Manure from pigs treated with antibiotics contained fewer resistant bacteria. 45. Lance Price is quoted in the passage in order to A. provide more evidence that drug-resistance bacteria are dangerous B. suggest another possible explanation to the antibiotics problems C. emphasize the importance of feeding cows with no antibiotics D. show that the research findings may not be that worrisome 46. Which of the following statements is Jo most likely to agree with? A. It is very likely that widespread resistance to antibiotics is not inevitable. B. Plants grown in soil fertilized with cow manure may contain drug-resistant genes. C. There is possibility that radishes take up resistant genes wherever they are planted. D. The vascular system plays a key role in guarding radishes against bacteria. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. We can thus enjoy, rather than fear, the huge clouds that hang over the valley. B. Deep in our valley we felt only sudden fits of wind; trees swayed but the branches held firm. C. It was the year when the storms came early, before the calendar even hinted at winter. D. They twisted and turned, rising eastwards and upwards, warning of what was to come. E. It was the river, the Ryburn, which normally flowed so gently, that threatened us most. F. The river seemed maddened as the waters poured almost horizontally down to its lower stretches. Living in the Valley We had been living in our valley for sixteen months when we first realised the dangers that could exist in the surrounding hills and threaten our very survival. Until that time, we had felt safe and sheltered in our valley below the protecting hills. Soon snow began to fall. Within a day it lay some 15 centimetres deep. It almost completely blocked out the lane and made the streamside path slippery and dangerous. But on the neighbouring heights the snow was much deeper and stayed for longer. Up there the wind was fierce. 47          And yet we knew that there was reason for us to worry. The snow and wind were certainly inconvenient but they did not really trouble us greatly. 48          It reminded us of what could have occurred if circumstances had been different, if the flow of water from the hills had not, many years before, been controlled, held back by a series of dams. In a short time the snow started to melt. Day after day, we watched clouds pile up high over the hills to the west. Grey clouds extended over the valleys. 49          We had seen enough of the sky; now we began to watch the river, which every day was becoming fuller and wilder. The snow was gradually washed away as more and more rain streamed from the clouds, but high up in the hills the reservoir (水库) was filling and was fast approaching danger level. And then it happened--for the first time in years the reservoir overflowed. There in the heights it was like the Niagara Falls, as the water flowed over the edge of the dam and poured into the stream below. 50          Just a couple of metres from our hut, the stream seemed wild beneath the bridge. It was far deeper than we'd ever seen it so near our home, angrily striking its banks. For three days we prayed that it would stay below its wall. Fortunately, our prayers were answered as the dam held and the waters began to withdraw. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Distance of face-to-face learning--What's the difference? Although many people think it is a modern phenomenon, distance learning has been around for at least 200 years in one form or another. The technological advances of the past 20 or so years, however, have meant that this form of education is now able to rival face-to-face learning as a credible alternative. When comparing the two systems, the first and most obvious area to focus on is the way that learning is delivered. Distance learning is heavily dependent on technology, particularly the internet. On a face-to-face course, students may only require a computer for the purpose of writing an essay. In comparison, when learning remotely, technology is the principal means of communication. The flexibility this provides means that students may be better able to learn at their own pace, following their own timetable, but it may also mean that learners have to be well-organized and self-disciplined. They must therefore be highly motivated in order to do well on the distance-learning courses. In terms of the relationship between teachers and students, the core principles remain the same. Namely, the teacher is the 'knower', and is responsible for helping students understand the key components of the course. However, the nature of the relationship may differ slightly within the two modes of delivery. With face-to-face learning, the teacher and student have the opportunity to develop a personal relationship through lectures and tutorials. This is different from a distance-learning course, where the teacher may seldom or indeed never actually meet the student. This may make it hard for teachers to understand their learners' specific learning needs. In conclusion, it is difficult to state whether one form of learning is better than another, as they meet different needs. What is important to understand is the different ways in which they operate, and that there are strong similarities between the two systems, which can both produce positive results. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这里的沙子远没有我想象中的那么细软。(nearly) 53. 最省钱的方法就是离开大都市，到大自然中去。(head) 54. 只要一夜不睡，不仅你的记忆力受到影响，解决问题的能力也会衰退。(not only) 55. 虽然这件艺术品的精美程度无法与博物馆内的其他物品相提并论，但它的价值在于它所使用的材料。(compare) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近你校英语报正在进行主题为 "Decision Making" 的征文，你对此很感兴趣，决定写一篇文章投稿，内容须包括: 在无法抉择的情况下，通常是什么因素帮助你做出最后的决定； 用一个具体的例子说明你的观点。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高三年级英语学科3月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. created 2. can 3. on 4. Although/Though/While 5. to be seen 6. when 7. that/which 8. sending 9. is launched 10. what Section B 11. I 12. J 13. C 14. K 15. B 16. F 17. A 18. H 19. D 20. G II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. B 22. D 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B Section B 36. C 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. A 41. B 42. C 43. C 44. A 45. D 46. B Section C 47. B 48. E 49. D 50. F III. Summary Writing 51. Distance learning is different from face-to-face learning in certain ways. In terms of the delivery of learning, the former depends primarily on technology while the latter doesn’t. While the former is more flexible, it requires high motivation. Although the teacher-student relationship is essentially the same, the latter enables them to develop a personal relationship. So they just meet different needs. IV. Translation 52. The sand here is not nearly as soft as I imagined. 53. The best way to save money is to get out of the cities and head into nature. 54. After just one night without sleep, not only is your memory affected, but your ability to solve problems will decline. 55. Although this work of art can’t compare with the other items in the museum in how delicate it is, its value lies in the material it is made of. V. Guided Writing 56. The Rational Approach to Decision Making Decision-making, especially when confronted with a genuine dilemma, is an inevitable challenge in our lives. In such bewildering situations, I always rely on rational analysis to guide my final choice. When facing difficult choices, my primary guiding principle is to objectively weigh the pros and cons rather than acting on impulsive emotions. I usually make a detailed list to visualize potential outcomes and evaluate the long-term consequences. A concrete example is my choice between the debate club and the drama club last year. Although I loved acting, I ultimately opted for debate, realizing it would better hone my critical thinking and public speaking skills, which are crucial for my future career. To summarize, evaluating the long-term impacts of each option is the most effective factor in my decision-making process. This logical framework ensures that my choices align with my ultimate life goals. 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $