必修第三册 Unit 4（Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语艺考生文化课百日冲关课时作业（人教版）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 [话题　探索外星生命] Most of you are probably familiar with various stories of searching for alien life, but have you heard about the scientist who was responsible for detecting the first traces of intelligent life lurking throughout our galaxy? This is Frank Drake's story. At the age of 8, his father one day told Drake there are other worlds in space, which 　astounded 　 him. He had no idea that such a thing was a possibility — he thought Earth was it. So he wondered, what are they like? Are the people the same as us? Do they look the same way we do? What's their planet like? And of course, at that time, there was no way that those questions could be answered in the slightest. Later on, when he was in college, he chose the elementary astronomy course. In the course, he went to the campus observatory, and one of the things he observed was the planet Jupiter. Even through a small telescope, it was just very clear that it was another world but not a picture in a book or something, which made Drake deeply absorbed. Frank Drake is mostly known for developing the Drake equation (德雷克方程式), which is a mathematical equation developed to estimate the number of detectable alien civilizations in the Milky Way. People always say that the search for alien life has failed. “You've been searching for 60 years and you haven't found anything. So doesn't that say that intelligent life is very rare？” “That's wrong, because the amount of searching we've done has hardly touched the number of possibilities that are out there. We've only covered a tiny, tiny fraction of all the possibilities，” Drake said. “When you spend your entire life on the things you love, you live a better life than most people，” he added. 1．What does the underlined word “astounded” probably mean? A．Astonished.　　　 B．Moved. C．Discouraged. D．Confused. 2．What aroused Drake's greater interest in astronomy during college? A．His observation of intelligent life in space. B．His firsthand view of Jupiter through a telescope. C．His teaching experience in elementary astronomy class. D．His achievement in creating the famous Drake equation. 3．What is Drake's attitude toward the alien searching work? A．It is a total failure. B．There are various benefits. C．It is too expensive. D．There are many possibilities. 4．Which of the following words can best describe Drake? A．Gifted and hardworking. B．Inquiring and brave. C．Passionate and persevering. D．Inventive and sharp­minded. [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述弗兰克·德雷克受父亲启发，痴迷天文学，提出德雷克方程式，一生执着探索外星生命，坚信探索仍有诸多可能性。 1．A　[词句猜测题。根据第二段“At the age of 8, his father one day told Drake there are other worlds in space, which　_astounded 　 him. He had no idea that such a thing was a possibility — he thought Earth was it.(8岁时，父亲告诉德雷克太空中还有其他星球，这让他astounded。他从没想过会有这种可能，一直以为地球就是唯一的世界。)”可知，弗兰克·德雷克从没想过除地球以外还有其他星球，所以猜测astounded意为“震惊的”。故选A项。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段“In the course, he went to the campus observatory, and one of the things he observed was the planet Jupiter. Even through a small telescope, it was just very clear that it was another world but not a picture in a book or something, which made Drake deeply absorbed.(在这门课上，他去了校园天文台，观测到的天体之一是木星。即便通过小型望远镜，也能清晰地看到那是另一个真实的星球，而非书本上的图片，这让德雷克深深着迷。)”可知，大学时望远镜里亲眼见到木星激发了他对天文学的浓厚兴趣。故选B项。] 3．D　[推理判断题。根据第五段“That's wrong, because the amount of searching we've done has hardly touched the number of possibilities that are out there. We've only covered a tiny, tiny fraction of all the possibilities，(这种观点是错误的，因为我们迄今所做的搜寻工作，几乎还没有触及宇宙中存在的可能性总量。我们仅仅探索了所有可能性中极其微小的一部分，)”可知，德雷克认为外星生命探索仍存在诸多可能性。故选D项。] 4．C　[推理判断题。根据第五段“When you spend your entire life on the things you love, you live a better life than most people，(当你毕生投身于自己热爱的事业，你的人生会比大多数人更有意义，)”以及上文内容可知，德雷克一生执着探索外星生命，热爱科研、坚持不懈，可以用热忱且坚毅来形容。故选C项。] Ⅱ.完形填空 [话题　探讨成功人士的关键特质] We celebrate successful people around us, but what characteristics make successful people 　__1__ 　？ While they may have plans and strategies, the first step towards success is the courage to 　__2__ 　.And many examples prove that this is 　__3__ 　 for you to achieve your goals. Consider this: if a high school senior passes a kindergarten math exam, it's not seen as an 　__4__ 　 because the challenge is too easy.However, if the same student passes a college­level exam, that's a true success.　__5__ 　， every worthwhile goal must challenge us beyond our current abilities.Many people 　__6__ 　 starting because they fear failure and focus only on what could go 　__7__ 　.They forget to consider the positive aspect. The courage to fail means moving forward even when success isn't 　__8__ 　.It' s about following your instincts(直觉), 　__9__ 　 the fear of failure.Highly successful people often face the possibility of failure but dare to 　___10___ 　 anyway.Without this courage, you will never know if you have the 　___11___ 　 to succeed. Think about the goals you haven't 　___12___ 　 yet — starting a business, applying for a job, or writing a book.Often, the fear of failure holds us back.　___13___ 　 asking, “What if I fail? ”， ask “How can I succeed？” By 　___14___ 　 your mindset(思维模式), you enable yourself to take action and move closer to your goals.The next time 　___15___ 　 arises, remember: What if you try and succeed? 1．A.step aside　　　　　　 B．stand out C．cheer up D．calm down 2．A.fail B．stop C．change D．dream 3．A.legal B．optional C．necessary D．acceptable 4．A.achievement B．assessment C．exploration D．adjustment 5．A.Gradually B．Luckily C．Finally D．Similarly 6．A.consider B．avoid C．regret D．risk 7．A.fast B．normally C．smoothly D．wrong 8．A.expected B．guaranteed C．evaluated D．recognized 9．A.overcoming B．hiding C．understanding D．checking 10．A.refuse B．wonder C．wait D．try 11．A.reason B．experience C．probability D．right 12．A.pursued B．shared C．appreciated D．judged 13．A.As for B．Instead of C．In addition to D．By comparison with 14．A.examining B．treasuring C．shifting D．preserving 15．A.danger B．accident C．inspiration D．doubt [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了成功人士的关键特质——敢于失败的勇气，论述挑战自我、克服恐惧对实现目标的重要性。 1．B　[考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们庆祝身边成功的人，但什么特质让成功人士脱颖而出？A.step aside让开；B.stand out突出；C.cheer up振作；D.calm down冷静。根据上文的“We celebrate successful people”可知，此处询问让成功人士“突出”的特质。] 2．A　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们可能有计划和策略，但迈向成功的第一步是敢于失败的勇气。A.fail失败；B.stop停止；C.change改变；D.dream梦想。根据下文“The courage to fail means moving forward even when success isn't 　__8__ 　.”可知，成功的第一步是敢于“失败”。] 3．C　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多例子证明，这是实现目标的必要条件。A.legal合法的；B.optional可选的；C.necessary必要的；D.acceptable可接受的。根据常识和上文的“While they may have plans and strategies, the first step towards success is the courage to 　__2__ 　.”可知，迈向成功的第一步是敢于失败的勇气，由此可知，敢于失败的勇气是“必要的”。] 4．A　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：试想：如果一个高三学生通过了幼儿园数学考试，这不算成就，因为挑战太容易了。A.achievement成就；B.assessment评估；C.exploration探索；D.adjustment调整。根据下文的“because the challenge is too easy.”可知，轻松完成的事不算“成就”。] 5．D　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，每一个有价值的目标都必须挑战我们当前的能力。A.Gradually逐渐地；B.Luckily幸运地；C.Finally最终；D.Similarly 同样地。根据上文的“However, if the same student passes a college­level exam, that's a true success.”与下文的“every worthwhile goal must challenge us beyond our current abilities”可知，前文用学生考试的例子类比，此处强调目标需挑战能力的道理“同样”成立。] 6．B　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人避免开始，因为他们害怕失败，只关注可能出错的地方。A.consider考虑；B.avoid避免；C.regret后悔；D.risk冒险。根据下文的“because they fear failure”可知，害怕失败导致人们“避免”开始行动。] 7．D　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.fast快地；B.normally正常地；C.smoothly顺利地；D.wrong错误地。根据上文的“because they fear failure”以及下文的“They forget to consider the positive aspect.”可知，因为害怕失败，所以人们只关注事情“出错”的可能性，而忽略了积极的方面，go wrong为固定搭配。] 8．B　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：敢于失败意味着即使成功没有保证，也要继续前进。A.expected期待；B.guaranteed保证；C.evaluated评估；D.recognized认可。根据上文的“The courage to fail means moving forward even when success isn't”可知，此处解释了失败的勇气的意义，由此可推断，此处指的是即使在成功没有“保证”时，仍要前进，符合语境。] 9．A　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是追随你的直觉，克服对失败的恐惧。A.overcoming克服；B.hiding隐藏；C.understanding理解；D.checking检查。根据上文的“The courage to fail means moving forward even when success isn't 　__8__ 　.”可知，敢于失败需要“克服”恐惧，才能不断前进。] 10．D　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：非常成功的人经常面临失败的可能，但无论如何都敢于尝试。A.refuse拒绝；B.wonder想知道；C.wait等待；D.try尝试。根据上文的“Highly successful people often face the possibility of failure”以及but可知，成功人士经常面对失败的可能，而成功人士之所有成功在于敢于“尝试”。] 11．C　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有这种勇气，你永远不会知道自己是否有成功的可能性。A.reason原因；B.experience经验；C.probability可能性；D.right权利。根据上文的“Highly successful people often face the possibility of failure but dare to 　__10__ 　anyway.”可知，尝试是成功人士成功的关键，结合“Without this courage”可推断，此处指的是不尝试则无法知晓成功的“可能性”符合语境。] 12．A　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：想想你还没有追求的目标——创业、求职或写书。A.pursued追求；B.shared分享；C.appreciated欣赏；D.judged判断。根据下文的 “starting a business, applying for a job”可知，此处指的是尚未“追求”的目标。] 13．B　[考查介词短语辨析。句意：不要问“如果我失败了怎么办？”，而是问“我怎样才能成功？”A.As for至于；B.Instead of代替，而不是；C.In addition to除了；D.By comparison with与……相比。根据语境和下文的“What if I fail？”以及“ask ‘How can I succeed？’”，这是两种对待失败或成功的不同态度，所以此处强调用积极问题“代替”消极问题。] 14．C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过转变你的思维模式，你能够采取行动，更接近你的目标。A.examining检查；B.treasuring珍惜；C.shifting转变；D.preserving保存。根据上文的“　__13__ 　 asking, ‘What if I fail？’”， ask ‘How can I succeed？’”可知，从消极到积极的提问是“转变”思维模式。] 15．D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：下次怀疑出现时，记住：如果你尝试并成功了呢？A.danger危险；B.accident事故；C.inspiration灵感；D.doubt怀疑。根据语境和上文的“What if I fail？”可知，此处指对失败的“怀疑”。] Ⅲ.语法填空 [话题　银河系中宇宙尘埃特征的首个三维地图] Chinese astronomers have created the first three­dimensional map of the features of cosmic(宇宙的) dust in the Milky Way, using data from China's Large Sky Area Multi­Object Fiber Spectroscopy Telescope (LAMOST) and European Space Agency's Gaia space observatory.1.　____________ 　 (publish) as a cover story in Science on Friday, this cosmic map collection solves a decade­old challenge in astronomy by disclosing how cosmic dust makes starlight less bright and turns it redder across the galaxy(星系)．The breakthrough is likely 2.　____________ 　 (transform) studies of star formation and exoplanets. For 3.　____________ 　 (decade), astronomers had to correct observations using oversimplified models, 4.　__________ 　 (assume) even dust behaved uniformly.“But dust features vary across regions.Using a general pattern for all situations was like following a map with a faulty GPS，” said Zhang Xiangyu, a Chinese doctoral student, 5.　__________ 　 conducted the study with his 6.　____________ 　 (instruct), Gregory M．Green. The team combined two million fixed star spectra(光谱) from LAMOST with positional and spectroscopic data from the European Gaia space observatory, creating a dynamic 3D map that tracks how dust extinction changes location and wavelength.“For the first time, we can see the Milky Way's dust ‘fingerprints’ in full dimensionality.So far this map 7.　________ 　 (open) a whole new window for studying dust and the Milky Way, probably offering new perspectives on issues such 8.　________ 　 astrochemistry, star formation and the origins of life，” Zhang said. The team plans to expand the map using LAMOST's ongoing surveys, 9.　____________ 　 (possible) uncovering links between dust evolution 10.　_________ 　 galactic history. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国天文学家利用LAMOST和盖亚空间天文台的数据，创建了银河系中宇宙尘埃特征的首个三维地图，并阐述了该地图对天文学研究的重要意义。 1．Published　[考查非谓语动词。句意：这张宇宙地图合集于周五作为封面故事发表在《科学》杂志上，它通过揭示宇宙尘埃如何使星光变暗并变红，解决了天文学中一个长达十年的挑战。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词“solves”，所以空处应用非谓语动词作状语，主语“this cosmic map collection”和动词“publish”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Published。] 2．to transform　[考查固定搭配。句意：这一突破可能会改变对恒星形成和系外行星的研究。“be likely to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“可能做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to transform。] 3．decades　[考查名词复数。句意：几十年来，天文学家不得不使用过于简化的模型来修正观测结果，假设甚至尘埃的行为也是均匀的。“decade”是可数名词，空前无冠词，所以此处应用复数形式，“for decades”意为“几十年来”。故填decades。] 4．assuming　[考查非谓语动词。句意：几十年来，天文学家不得不使用过于简化的模型来修正观测结果，假设甚至尘埃的行为也是均匀的。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词“had to correct”，所以空处应用非谓语动词作状语，主语“astronomers”和动词“assume”之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填assuming。] 5．who　[考查定语从句。句意：中国博士生张翔宇和他的导师Gregory M．Green一起进行了这项研究，他说：“但尘埃特征在不同区域是不同的。在所有情况下都使用一个通用的模式，就像跟着一个有故障的GPS的地图走一样。”分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Zhang Xiangyu”，指人，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。] 6．instructor　[考查名词。句意同上。根据空前的“his”可知，此处应用名词形式，又根据语意可知，此处表示“导师”且表示单数概念，所以instruct的名词形式“instructor”符合语意语法。故填instructor。] 7．has opened　[考查动词时态。句意：张说：“到目前为止，这张地图已经为研究尘埃和银河系打开了一个全新的窗口，可能为天体化学、恒星形成和生命起源等问题提供了新的视角。”根据时间状语“So far”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语“this map”是单数，助动词应用has。故填has opened。] 8．as　[考查固定短语。句意同上。“such as”是固定短语，意为“例如”，用于列举事物。故填as。] 9．possibly　[考查副词。句意：该团队计划利用LAMOST正在进行的调查来扩大这张地图，可能揭示尘埃演化与银河系历史之间的联系。空处修饰动词“uncovering”，应用possible的副词形式“possibly”，意为“可能地”。故填possibly。] 10．and　[考查固定短语。句意同上。“between...and...”是固定短语，意为“在……和……之间”。故填and。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $