必修第一册 Unit 4（Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语艺考生文化课百日冲关课时作业（人教版）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 [话题　冰川湖溃决洪水 ] When Lake Palcacocha, a glacial (冰山的) lake in Peru, suddenly burst in 1941, releasing 8 to 10 million cubic meters of water, the resulting flood killed an estimated 6,000 people, and the water destroyed about a third of the town Huaraz 23 kilometers away. “That town has been rebuilt in the same location, and now it's more populous. That's particularly scary，” says Robinson, a disaster risk specialist in New Zealand. This example shows how the danger from such glacial lake outburst floods (or GLOFs) isn't just a physical disaster, but varies with the local population level and the availability of government support in the region. Robinson and his colleagues have used satellite data to identify 1,089 river basins containing glacial lakes globally. As the team reported in Nature Communications, they found that about 15 million people worldwide are exposed to potential GLOF impacts. The high mountain regions of the Himalayas are well known for GLOFs, but the team found similar dangers in the Andes, although there are relatively fewer studies of that region. And then there's Bhutan, where the number of people who would be affected by a GLOF is low compared with larger countries, but it's a high percentage of the population. “The way to think about that is, if you have a GLOF, how many people have you got to respond? In Bhutan, you could have a single GLOF that affects a large proportion of the country，” Robinson says. GLOFs are tightly linked to climate change. But as glaciers 　recede 　， growing populations move closer to them. Restricting climate change will help slow the growth of glacial lakes, but each location varies in geology and politics, requiring a different combination of early warning systems, engineering solutions, and land­use planning. “There's no single solution, and what is appropriate in one location may not work in another，” Robinson says. His team's goal is to help focus research efforts on the most potentially dangerous glacial lakes, and to show that those lakes won't burst. 1．What does Robinson think especially scary? A．A glacial lake will be a popular destination. B．Government support worsens GLOF effects. C．Huaraz has been rebuilt in its original place. D．The burst of Lake Palcacocha can't be predicted. 2．How does Bhutan differ from larger countries in case of a GLOF burst? A．A large percentage of the population will be affected. B．The government is ready to make timely response to it. C．Many studies and predictions have been made about it. D．People are usually relocated in a safe place after a burst. 3．What does the underlined word “recede” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Continue.　　　　　 B．Decrease. C．Clear. D．Accumulate. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．GLOFs Form a Threat to Human Life B．Men React Actively to GLOF Bursts C．Glacial Lakes Face Mixed Solutions D．Researchers Hold Back GLOF Bursts [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，GLOF，即冰川湖溃决洪水，对人类生命造成很大威胁。文章对此进行了介绍。 1．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“When Lake Palcacocha, a glacial (冰山的) lake in Peru, suddenly burst in 1941, releasing 8 to 10 million cubic meters of water, the resulting flood killed an estimated 6,000 people, and the water destroyed about a third of the town Huaraz 23 kilometers away.(1941年，秘鲁的冰川湖帕尔卡科查湖突然决堤，释放出800万至1000万立方米的水，由此产生的洪水造成约6 000人死亡，洪水摧毁了23公里外的瓦拉斯镇约三分之一的土地。)”和第二句中的“That town has been rebuilt in the same location, and now it's more populous.That's particularly scary(那个城镇在同一地点重建，现在人口更多了。这特别可怕)”可知，瓦拉斯在原来的地方重建这一点让罗宾逊觉得很可怕。故选C。] 2．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“And then there's Bhutan, where the number of people who would be affected by a GLOF is low compared with larger countries, but it's a high percentage of the population.(然后是不丹，与大国相比，不丹受GLOF影响的人数较少，但占人口的比例很高。)”可知，不丹与比较大的国家相比，如果GLOF爆发受影响的人数占人口的比例很高。故选A。] 3．B　[词句猜测题。根据第三段第二句中的“growing populations move closer to them(不断增长的人口向它们靠近)”和第三句中的“Restricting climate change will help slow the growth of glacial lakes(限制气候变化将有助于减缓冰川湖的增长)”可知，此处是指随着冰川消退，所以recede意为“减少，消退”。故选B。] 4．A　[主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“As the team reported in Nature Communications, they found that about 15 million people worldwide are exposed to potential GLOF impacts.(正如研究小组在《自然通讯》上报告的那样，他们发现全球约有1 500万人受到潜在的GLOF影响。)”可知，文章主要是讲GLOF对人类生命构成威胁。故选A。] Ⅱ.完形填空 [话题　救落水乘客] Five girl students of the University of Georgia were driving from Athens to Savannah for a weekend celebration.After turning along Murray Hill Road the group of students 　__1__ 　 the Brier Creek bridge and saw something odd — a dust cloud below the bridge with a flash of white light. “We turned, went down this hill to that area and 　__2__ 　 super fast before we just saw a white car sinking 　__3__ 　，” said Molly McCollum, one of the students. McCollum 　__4__ 　 that she was originally in shock at what she was seeing, saying she knew she had to 　__5__ 　 and do something about the situation.The students 　__6__ 　 to jump out of their car and rush toward the three passengers, a mom and two kids.Two of the students entered the water to get the 　__7__ 　 to safety while the others gathered supplies and called for 　__8__ 　 responders. Seeing a kid 　__9__ 　， one student put her lifeguard skills to the test by performing CPR (心肺复苏术) on him immediately.It was a worst­case situation but 　__10__ 　， within a minute, the kid began 　__11__ 　.The Burke County Sheriff's Office said all three survivors of the incident were 　__12__ 　 to a hospital and that they were 　__13__ 　 to leave the hospital the next day. The five girl students who took part in the rescue were 　__14__ 　 with an award from the University of Georgia.The term “hero” is often used to describe sports stars and others but these five truly 　__15__ 　 what heroism is. 1．A.designed　　　　　　 B．attacked C．removed D．approached 2．A.took off B．pulled over C．worked out D．kept up 3．A.underwater B．overhead C．onboard D．beforehand 4．A.blamed B．concluded C．added D．whispered 5．A.break in B．step in C．hang on D．carry on 6．A.struggled B．hesitated C．proceeded D．preferred 7．A.kids B．witnesses C．companions D．victims 8．A.service B．health C．media D．emergency 9．A.miserable B．hopeless C．unconscious D．nervous 10．A.somehow B．somewhat C．anywhere D．anyway 11．A.weeping B．shaking C．responding D．reflecting 12．A.rushed B．turned C．pressed D．directed 13．A.liberated B．permitted C．motivated D．recorded 14．A.provided B．honored C．loaded D．equipped 15．A.dominates B．facilitates C．releases D．demonstrates [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了佐治亚大学的五名女学生驾车途中看到一辆车落水，她们果断展开救援，最终使三名乘客获救，五名女生也因此获得学校表彰。 1．D　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：这群学生接近了布里尔溪大桥，看到了一些奇怪的东西——桥下有一团尘土，还有一道白光闪过。A.designed设计；B.attacked攻击；C.removed移除；D.approached接近。根据前文“After turning along Murray Hill Road”可知学生们正在沿道路行驶，结合后文看到桥下的状况，说明此时是接近大桥时看到的。] 2．B　[考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我们转弯，下了山到了那个地方，然后很快靠边停车，就在这时我们看到一辆白色的汽车正在沉入水中。”学生之一莫莉·麦科勒姆说。A.took off起飞，脱下；B.pulled over靠边停车；C.worked out解决，算出；D.kept up保持。根据前文“We turned, went down this hill to that area”可推知，学生们要去救援落水车辆，所以到了那个地方后，先得靠边停车，才能展开后续行动。] 3．A　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我们转弯，下了山到了那个地方，然后很快靠边停车，就在这时我们看到一辆白色的汽车正在沉入水中。”学生之一莫莉·麦科勒姆说。A.underwater在水中；B.overhead在头顶上；C.onboard在船上；D.beforehand预先。根据前文“a white car sinking”可知，车正在水中下沉。] 4．C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：麦科勒姆补充说，她最初对自己所看到的感到震惊，她说她知道她必须介入并做点什么。A.blamed责备；B.concluded得出结论；C.added补充说；D.whispered低语。前文莫莉描述了看到车落水的情景，这里进一步阐述自己当时的感受，属于补充说的内容。] 5．B　[考查动词短语辨析。句意：麦科勒姆补充说，她最初对自己所看到的感到震惊，她说她知道她必须介入并做点什么。A.break in闯入；B.step in介入，干预；C.hang on坚持；D.carry on继续。由后文“and do something about the situation”明确了麦科勒姆要对车落水这件事做点什么，那就是介入救援。] 6．C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生们接着跳出车，冲向三名乘客——一位母亲和两个孩子。A.struggled挣扎；B.hesitated犹豫；C.proceeded接着做，继续做；D.preferred更喜欢。前文表明麦科勒姆觉得要介入救援，紧接着“to jump out of their car and rush toward the three passengers”说明学生们采取了行动，也就是接着跳出车去救援。] 7．D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：两名学生下水将受害者带到安全地带，而其他学生则收集物资并呼叫紧急救援人员。A.kids孩子；B.witnesses目击者；C.companions同伴；D.victims受害者。根据前文“a mom and two kids”处于汽车落水的危险情境以及后文学生对其展开救援可知，他们是此次事故的受害者。] 8．D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：两名学生下水将受害者带到安全地带，而其他学生则收集物资并呼叫紧急救援人员。A.service服务；B.health健康；C.media媒体；D.emergency紧急情况。从前面描述汽车落水且有人需要救援的情况，可判断这是一个紧急事件，所以要呼叫紧急救援人员。] 9．C　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看到一个孩子失去了意识，一名学生运用她的救生员技能立即对他进行了心肺复苏术。A.miserable痛苦的；B.hopeless绝望的；C.unconscious无意识的；D.nervous紧张的。根据常识和后文“one student put her lifeguard skills to the test by performing CPR(心肺复苏术) on him”可知，做心肺复苏术是针对心脏停止跳动的人，所以孩子应该是处于无意识的状态。] 10．A　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是最糟糕的情况，但不知怎的，一分钟内，孩子开始有反应了。A.somehow不知怎么地；B.somewhat有点；C.anywhere任何地方；D.anyway不管怎样。前文“a worst­case situation”说明情况糟糕且孩子无意识需要做心肺复苏，后文“within a minute, the kid began...”说孩子最终有反应了，这个转变有些意外，所以用“不知怎么地”合适。] 11．C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是最糟糕的情况，但不知怎的，一分钟内，孩子开始有反应了。A.weeping哭泣；B.shaking摇晃；C.responding有反应；D.reflecting反映。因为前文进行了心肺复苏的抢救，结合“within a minute”这个时间点，可推出孩子开始有反应了。] 12．A　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：伯克县警长办公室表示，此次事件三名幸存者被紧急送往医院，第二天他们被允许出院。A.rushed急忙送，仓促运送；B.turned转动；C.pressed按压；D.directed指导。鉴于前文描述的是汽车落水这样的紧急救援场景，三名幸存者肯定要被急忙送往医院。] 13．B　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：伯克县警长办公室表示，此次事件的三名幸存者被紧急送往医院，第二天他们被允许出院。A.liberated解放；B.permitted允许；C.motivated激励；D.recorded记录。根据后文“to leave the hospital the next day”可知，是医院允许他们出院。] 14．B　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：参与救援的五名女学生获得了佐治亚大学的表彰。A.provided提供；B.honored给予荣誉，表彰；C.loaded装载；D.equipped装备。后文提到“with an award”，说明五名女生因为救援行为获得了学校给予的奖项，也就是受到了表彰。] 15．D　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：“英雄”这个词常用来描述体育明星和其他人，但这五个人真正体现了英雄主义的含义。A.dominates统治；B.facilitates促进；C.releases释放；D.demonstrates展示，体现。前文详细描述了五名女生勇敢救援的事迹，她们的这一系列行为展示了英雄主义的内涵。] Ⅲ.语法填空 [话题　全球海冰覆盖面积达到了历史最低点] There was less sea ice covering the oceans in February of this year than at any other point on record.“One of the 1.　____________ 　(consequence) of a warmer world is melting sea ice, and the record or near­record low sea ice cover at both poles has pushed global sea ice cover to an all­time minimum，” said Samantha Burgess 2.　________ 　 a statement.Global average temperatures in February of this year 3.　________ 　(rise) 1.59°C above the per­industrial average,4.　________ 　(make) it the third­warmest February on record, according to the European Union's climate service Copernicus. These high temperatures impacted the global sea ice extent,5.　________ 　 includes both the Arctic, where sea ice is currently near its annual maximum, and the Antarctic.The satellite record for both regions extends back to 1979.In the Arctic, sea ice remained at 8 percent below average throughout February, missing an area of ice 6.　________ 　 (rough) the size of the UK.This was the third consecutive month 7.　________ 　 (set) a new monthly record low in the Arctic. 8．　________ 　(see) over the past two years, this decline in the 9.　________ 　 (north) hemisphere(半球) has combined with a longer­term decline in Antarctic sea ice.Antarctic sea ice seemed to recover to near average levels in December of last year 10.　________ 　 it then rapidly declined again.In February, the ice reached its fourth­lowest extent on record for the month, remaining 26 percent below average. [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。主要讲述今年二月全球海冰覆盖面积达到了历史最低点。 1．consequences　[考查名词复数。句意：世界变暖的后果之一是海冰融化，两极创纪录或接近纪录的低海冰覆盖率将全球海冰覆盖率推到了历史最低水平。这里考查“one of the ＋ 可数名词复数”，表示“…… 之一”。故填consequences。] 2．in　[考查介词。句意：萨曼莎·伯吉斯在一份声明中说。这里考查in a statement，为固定搭配，意为“在声明中”。故填in。] 3．rose　[考查时态。句意：根据欧盟气候服务机构哥白尼的数据，今年2月全球平均气温比工业平均气温高出1.59°C，成为有记录以来第三温暖的2月。此空考查谓语动词，主语Global average temperatures与rise为主动关系，在根据时间状语in February of this year可知，这里用一般过去时，rise的过去式为rose。故填rose。] 4．making　[考查非谓语动词。句意：根据欧盟气候服务机构哥白尼的数据，今年2月全球平均气温比工业平均气温高出1.59°C，成为有记录以来第三温暖的2月。此空考查非谓语，由语境可知，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。] 5．which　[考查定语从句。句意：这些高温影响了全球海冰范围，其中包括目前海冰接近年度最大值的北极和南极。此空考查非限制性定语从句，先行词global sea ice extent，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。] 6．roughly　[考查副词。句意：在北极，整个2月海冰面积比平均水平低8%，缺失的冰层面积大致相当于英国的大小。此处作状语应用副词roughly，表示“大致地”。故填roughly。] 7．to set　[考查非谓语动词。句意：这是北极连续第三个月创下新的月度纪录低点。名词month被序数词third修饰，应用不定式作后置定语，表示“连续第三个做某事的月份”。故填to set。] 8．Seen　[考查非谓语动词。句意：从过去两年的情况来看，北半球的这种下降与南极海冰的长期减少相结合。此空考查非谓语，decline与see为被动关系(被观察到)，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作状语，且位于句首时首字母应大写。故填Seen。] 9．northern　[考查形容词。句意：从过去两年的情况来看，北半球的这种下降与南极海冰的长期减少相结合。修饰名词hemisphere用形容词northern，northern hemisphere，意为“北半球”。故填northern。] 10．but/yet　[考查连词。句意：去年12月，南极海冰似乎恢复到接近平均水平，但随后又迅速下降。分析句子结构可知，前后句为转折关系，应用连词but或yet。故填but/yet。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $