Unit 4 Inventions Focusing on culture 同步分层作业 2026-2027学年沪教版初中英语八年级上册

Unit 4 Inventions Focusing on culture 分层作业 建议用时：30分钟 一、单词汉译英（Focusing on culture：毕昇与活字印刷 Bi Sheng and moveable type printing） 1. 印刷 ____________ 2. 雕刻 ____________ 3. 陶土；黏土 ____________ 4. 活字 ____________ 5. 版；块 ____________ 6. 工匠 ____________ 7. 朝代 ____________ 8. 造纸术 ____________ 9. 指南针 ____________ 10. 火药 ____________ 11. 传播 ____________ 12. 知识 ____________ 二、短语汉译英（教材原短语） 1. 四大发明 ____________ 2. 北宋 ____________ 3. 把……排成 ____________ 4. 在……上刻字 ____________ 5. 传遍世界 ____________ 6. 为……做出巨大贡献 ____________ 7. 一次又一次 ____________ 8. 一座里程碑 ____________ 三、词形变换（写出下列形容词的名词形式） 1. wise → ____________ 2. strong → ____________ 3. long → ____________ 4. deep → ____________ 5. warm → ____________ 一、单句填空（用括号内单词的正确形式填空） 1. Bi Sheng ____________ (invent) moveable type printing in the Northern Song Dynasty. 2. He ____________ (carve) characters on small pieces of clay. 3. The clay pieces ____________ (become) hard after he baked（烘烤）them. 4. Printing ____________ (make) books much cheaper. 5. The Four Great Inventions ____________ (be) important gifts from China to the world. 二、根据汉语意思完成句子（每空一词） 1. 毕昇在北宋发明了活字印刷术。 Bi Sheng invented moveable type printing in the ____________ ____________ Dynasty. 2. 他烘烤泥块直到它们变硬。 He ____________ the clay pieces until they ____________ hard. 3. 四大发明是中国给世界的礼物。 The Four Great Inventions are ____________ ____________ China to the world. 4. 我们可以一次又一次地使用活字。 We can use moveable type ____________ and again. 5. 印刷术让书籍便宜得多。 Printing ____________ books ____________ cheaper. 三、句型转换 1. Bi Sheng invented moveable type printing in the Northern Song Dynasty.（对画线部分提问） ____________ ____________ Bi Sheng ____________ moveable type printing? 2. He carved characters on small pieces of clay.（对画线部分提问） ____________ ____________ he ____________ characters on? 3. Moveable type printing is a great invention.（改为感叹句） ____________ ____________ great invention moveable type printing is! 4. People used wooden blocks before Bi Sheng.（改为否定句） People ____________ ____________ wooden blocks before Bi Sheng. 5. The clay pieces became hard after baking.（改为一般疑问句） ____________ the clay pieces ____________ hard after baking? 四、选词填空（活字印刷） 【carved, clay, printing, spread, contribution】 1. Bi Sheng ____________ characters on small pieces of clay. 2. The ____________ type pieces could be used again and again. 3. Moveable type ____________ made books cheaper. 4. Printing helped knowledge ____________ around the world. 5. The Four Great Inventions made a great ____________ to the world. 五、情景补全对话（5个空，6个选项，1项多余） A. Who invented it? B. What are these little blocks? C. Can we try printing? D. How old is it? E. What is it used for? F. Where is the gift shop? Jane: Excuse me, sir. 1.____________ Guide: They are moveable type blocks, made of clay. Jane: They look so old! 2.____________ Guide: Bi Sheng, a common worker in the Northern Song Dynasty. Jane: 3.____________ Guide: People arranged the blocks into pages, applied ink（涂墨）, and printed books. Jane: That's clever! 4.____________ Guide: Yes. There is a hands-on area（体验区）over there. Jane: Great! 5.____________ Guide: About one thousand years old. 拓展提高（课内同源 + 课外同源） Passage1（课内同源：简的梦——遇见毕昇） 　　Jane was reading a book about printing when she fell asleep. In her dream, she came to a workshop in the Northern Song Dynasty. An old craftsman（工匠）was carving small characters on pieces of clay. / “Are you Bi Sheng?” Jane asked in surprise. The old man smiled and nodded. He showed her his invention: moveable type printing. Before that, people carved whole pages on big wooden blocks. If one character broke, the whole page was useless. But with moveable type, the little clay pieces could be arranged into any page, printed, and then used again and again. / Bi Sheng baked the clay pieces hard, arranged them in an iron frame（铁框）, applied ink, and pressed paper on them. Soon a clear page appeared! / “Printing will spread knowledge to more people,” Bi Sheng said. “Books will no longer be only for the rich.” / When Jane woke up, her history book was still on the desk. But now she understood how great that simple idea was—one of the Four Great Inventions of China. 任务一：单项选择 1.What was Bi Sheng doing in Jane's dream? A.Reading a book. B.Carving characters on clay pieces. C.Printing a newspaper. D.Making iron frames. 2.What was the problem with the old wooden blocks? A.They were too small. B.If one character broke, the whole page was useless. C.They were too expensive. D.They had no characters. 任务二：判断正误(T/F) 3.Moveable type pieces could be used again and again. (　　) 4.Books were for everyone before printing. (　　) 任务三：简答 5.What did Bi Sheng think printing would do? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage2（课外同源：蔡伦与造纸术） 　　Cai Lun was born in the Eastern Han Dynasty, about two thousand years ago. He worked in a workshop that made things for the emperor（皇帝）. / At that time, people wrote on bamboo or silk. Bamboo books were so heavy that a whole cart might carry only one book! Silk was light, but it cost too much. Scholars（学者）dreamed of a better writing material. / Cai Lun watched and thought for many years. Around 105 AD, he found a new way. He used tree bark（树皮）, old cloth, fishing nets and other cheap materials. He soaked（浸泡）them in water, beat them into pulp（纸浆）, and spread the pulp thin on a screen. After it dried, a sheet of paper appeared. / This paper was light, cheap and easy to write on. People called it “Cai Hou paper”. The emperor was pleased, and the new paper quickly spread across China. / Today, we still use paper every day. When we write or draw, let's remember the wise man who made it possible. 任务一：单项选择 1.What was the problem with bamboo books? A.They were too light. B.They were so heavy that a cart might carry only one book. C.They cost too much. D.They had no characters. 2.What materials did Cai Lun use? A.Silk only. B.Bamboo only. C.Tree bark, old cloth and fishing nets. D.Gold and silver. 任务二：判断正误(T/F) 3.Cai Lun found his new way around 105 AD. (　　) 4.Cai Hou paper was expensive and hard to write on. (　　) 任务三：简答 5.What do people call the new paper? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 任务四：单元微写作 请写一段话介绍一位中国古代的能工巧匠或发明家，不少于6句话。请写清他是谁、发明了什么以及他的影响，并用上 clever 和 still。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 夯实基础 一、单词汉译英 1.printing 2.carve 3.clay 4.moveable type 5.block 6.craftsman 7.dynasty 8.papermaking 9.compass 10.gunpowder 11.spread 12.knowledge 二、短语汉译英 1.the Four Great Inventions 2.the Northern Song Dynasty 3.arrange ... into 4.carve characters on 5.spread around the world 6.make a great contribution to 7.again and again 8.a milestone 三、词形变换 1.wisdom 2.strength 3.length 4.depth 5.warmth 能力进阶 一、单句填空 1.invented 2.carved 3.became 4.made 5.are 二、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.Northern; Song 2.baked; became 3.gifts; from 4.again 5.made; much 三、句型转换 1.When; did; invent 2.What; did; carve 3.What; a 4.didn't; use 5.Did; become 四、选词填空 1.carved 2.clay 3.printing 4.spread 5.contribution 五、情景补全对话 答案：1.B 2.A 3.E 4.C 5.D；多余项：F 拓展提高 Passage1 任务一：1.B 2.B 任务二：3.T 4.F 任务三简答：5.It would spread knowledge to more people, and books would no longer be only for the rich. Passage2 任务一：1.B 2.C 任务二：3.T 4.F 任务三简答：5.Cai Hou paper. 任务四范文：Lu Ban was a clever craftsman in ancient China. People call him the father of Chinese carpentry（木工）. The story says he invented the saw（锯子）after a toothed grass leaf cut his hand. He also made many useful tools, such as the planer（刨子）and the ladder（梯子）. With these tools, people could build houses and bridges much faster. Many of his tools are still in use today. Lu Ban's story tells us to watch carefully and think more. Clever ideas often come from small things in life. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $