Unit 4 Living with technology（复习讲义）英语译林版选择性必修第二册

牛津译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 4 Living with technology（复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 主题语境：科技与生活——从人工智能的发展与应用、无人机的未来前景，到写给未来人的时间胶囊与虚拟现实访谈，围绕“技术变革、机遇与风险、面向未来”三条主线展开复习。 2. 词汇短语：掌握 (build) castles in the air, capacity, massive, breakthrough, to name but a few, autonomous, threaten, commit, urge, demand, fall victim to, predict, decrease, in large quantities, spy on, monitor, highlight, bury, contemporary, conclude, virtual, at the forefront of, boil down to, optimistic 等主题词汇与短语的用法。 3. 语法：系统梳理将来进行时（will be doing）——构成形式、两类核心用法及其与一般将来时的区别。 4. 句型：学习书信体写作（写给 2050 年的人们），掌握“描述当下—聚焦一项科技产品—表达希望与祝愿”的三段式结构，能用具体细节替代笼统表述。 复习重难点 重点：将来进行时的形式与两类用法；书信体三段式结构的展开与具体化表达。 难点：将来进行时与一般将来时的语气差别；科技类语篇中长难句（含定语从句、现在分词作状语）的分析与翻译；抽象科技概念的具体化描写。 单元词汇 知识点1：(build) castles in the air （建）空中楼阁，幻想，空想 — It may seem like building castles in the air, but given the rate at which artificial intelligence, or AI, is being developed, in the future such dreams may actually come true. 这听起来也许像是在建造空中楼阁，但鉴于人工智能（AI）当下的发展速度，这样的梦想在未来或许真的会实现。 用法归纳 ① (build) castles in the air 意为“（建）空中楼阁，幻想，空想”，指不切实际的设想。 ② 常见用法：build castles in the air 抱有不切实际的幻想；It may seem like building castles in the air ... 这听起来也许像空中楼阁……；a castle in the air 一个不切实际的计划（作名词短语时 castle 用单数）。 ③ 写作价值：该短语常用于“先抑后扬”的开头——先承认设想看似荒诞，再指出其可能成真，是本单元科普文章的标志性开篇手法。 ④ 同义表达：a pipe dream 白日梦；wishful thinking 一厢情愿的想法；an unrealistic plan 不切实际的计划。注意 castles in the air 为固定复数形式，不可写作 a castle in the air 作动词宾语。 词汇拓展 (build) castles in the air （建）空中楼阁，幻想 → castle n. 城堡 → a pipe dream 白日梦 → wishful thinking 一厢情愿的想法 即时练习 ① It may seem like building __________ （castle）in the air, but such dreams may come true. ② 翻译：在没有资金支持的情况下，这个计划不过是空中楼阁。（提示：castles in the air） ③ 微写作：登月曾经看似空中楼阁，却在 1969 年成为了现实。 参考答案：① castles　② Without financial support, the plan is nothing but castles in the air.　③（示例）Travelling to the moon once seemed like building castles in the air, yet it came true in 1969. 【解析】① build castles in the air 中 castles 固定用复数，填 castles。② nothing but 意为“仅仅是，只不过”，后接名词短语 castles in the air。③ seem like doing sth 意为“看起来像做某事”，like 是介词，后接动名词 building。 知识点2：capacity n. 领悟（或理解、办事）能力；容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量 — Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain. 深度学习人工智能有能力通过多个层次分析海量数据，模仿人脑的复杂网络。 用法归纳 ① capacity n. 能力：have the capacity to do sth 有能力做某事；the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data 分析海量数据的能力。 ② capacity n. 容量，容积；生产量：the capacity of the hall 礼堂的容量；a capacity of 500 people 可容纳五百人。 ③ 常见搭配：the capacity for (doing) sth 做某事的能力／承受力；in the capacity of ... 以……的身份／职位；at full capacity 满负荷运转。 ④ 辨析：capacity 强调“容纳或承受的能力”，既可用于人（理解力、办事能力）也可用于物（容量）；ability 强调“做具体事情的能力”，常用 the ability to do sth；capability 强调“潜在的能力或性能”，常用 the capability of doing sth。 词汇拓展 capacity n. 能力；容量 → have the capacity to do sth 有能力做某事 → ability n. 能力（the ability to do）→ analyse vt. 分析 → massive adj. 巨大的，大而重的 即时练习 ① Deep-learning AI has the __________ （能力）to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers. ② 翻译：这个讲座厅可容纳五百人。（提示：a capacity of） 参考答案：① capacity　② The lecture hall has a capacity of 500 people. 【解析】① have the capacity to do sth 为教材原句结构，填 capacity；注意 capacity 后接不定式 to do，不接 of doing（of doing 前须用 capability）。② a capacity of + 数字 + 名词表示“……的容量”，是描述场所容纳能力的标准说法。 知识点3：massive adj. 巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的 — Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain. 深度学习人工智能有能力通过多个层次分析海量数据，模仿人脑的复杂网络。 用法归纳 ① massive adj. 巨大的，大而重的：massive amounts of data 海量数据；a massive building 一座巨大的建筑；a massive rock 一块巨石。 ② massive adj. 非常严重的：a massive heart attack 严重的心脏病发作；massive losses 巨大损失。 ③ 常见搭配：massive amounts of + 不可数名词 大量的……；massive investment 巨额投资；massive support 大力支持。 ④ 辨析：massive 强调“体积、数量、程度大到惊人”，语气最强，常用于数据、损失、投资；huge 与 enormous 与 massive 近义，但语气略弱；vast 强调“面积或范围辽阔”，多用于空间（a vast desert）；great 强调“程度高”，多用于抽象事物（great importance）。 词汇拓展 massive adj. 巨大的；非常严重的 → massive amounts of 大量的 → huge adj. 巨大的 → vast adj. 辽阔的 → data n. 数据，资料 即时练习 ① Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse __________ （巨大的）amounts of data. ② The project requires a __________ （mass）investment of time and money. ③ 微写作：医学研究者可以分析海量数据，从而找到更好的疾病疗法。 参考答案：① massive　② massive　③Medical researchers can analyse massive amounts of data to find better treatments for diseases. 【解析】① 教材原句搭配 massive amounts of data，填 massive。② 修饰 investment 表示“巨额投资”，用 massive 比 large 语气更强。③ massive amounts of 后接不可数名词（data, information, money）；若接可数复数，则改用 a large number of。 知识点4：breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破　adj. 突破性的 — A major breakthrough in AI came in 1997, when Deep Blue, a chess-playing computer, beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov. 人工智能的一次重大突破出现在 1997 年，当时一台下国际象棋的计算机“深蓝”击败了世界国际象棋冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫。 用法归纳 ① breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破：a major breakthrough in AI 人工智能领域的重大突破；make a breakthrough 取得突破；a breakthrough in cancer research 癌症研究的突破。 ② 常见搭配：make/achieve a breakthrough in (doing) sth 在（做）某事上取得突破；a scientific/medical/technological breakthrough 科学／医学／技术突破。 ③ 构词：break（打破）+ through（穿过）→ breakthrough（打破障碍穿过去）。同类复合名词还有 break-in 入室盗窃；outbreak n.（战争、疾病的）爆发。 ④ 辨析：breakthrough 强调“打破僵局、取得质的飞跃”，是阶段性成果；advance 强调“前进、进步”，可指任何程度的发展（教材：a significant advance in deep-learning AI systems）；development 强调“发展过程”，最为中性。 词汇拓展 breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破 → make a breakthrough in 在……取得突破 → advance n. 前进，进步 → development n. 发展 → champion n. 冠军 即时练习 ① A major __________（突破） in AI came in 1997, when Deep Blue beat the world chess champion. ② 翻译：科学家们在癌症治疗方面取得了重大突破。（提示：make a breakthrough in） 参考答案：① breakthrough　② Scientists have made a major breakthrough in cancer treatment. 【解析】① 由 a major 可知需单数名词，且与“1997 年深蓝胜出”这一标志性事件吻合，填 breakthrough。② make a breakthrough in (doing) sth 中 in 为介词，后接名词或动名词；用现在完成时强调突破对现在的影响。 知识点5：to name but a few 略举几例 — Nowadays, AI is already being applied in many fields: finance, health care, machine translation and art, to name but a few. 如今，人工智能已经被应用于许多领域：金融、医疗保健、机器翻译和艺术等等，略举几例。 用法归纳 ① to name but a few 意为“略举几例”，用于列举若干例子之后的收束，暗示例子还有很多。but 在此相当于 only，意为“只、仅”。 ② 句法要点：该短语是独立成分，不作句子主干，常置于列举内容之后，前面用逗号隔开。本句结构为“many fields: A, B, C and D, to name but a few”。 ③ 同义表达：to name just a few 略举几例；and so on/and so forth 等等；such as 例如（用于列举前引导，不用于收束）；for example/for instance 例如（用于举一例）。 ④ 辨析：to name but a few 只用于列举之后收束，不能用于列举之前；such as 用于列举之前引导；and so on 与 to name but a few 位置相同，但前者更口语，后者更正式，适合书面表达。 词汇拓展 to name but a few 略举几例 → and so on 等等 → such as 例如（列举前）→ for instance 例如 → be applied in 被应用于 即时练习 ① AI is already being applied in many fields: finance, health care, machine translation and art, __________ name but a few. ② 翻译：许多运动在这个国家很受欢迎，例如篮球、足球和乒乓球，略举几例。（提示：to name but a few） ③ 微写作：人工智能在很多方面帮助我：语音助手、地图导航和照片编辑，略举几例。 参考答案：① to　② Many sports are popular in this country — basketball, football and table tennis, to name but a few.　③（示例）AI helps me in many ways: voice assistants, map navigation and photo editing, to name but a few. 【解析】① to name but a few 为固定短语，填 to。② 破折号引出列举，列举之后用逗号加 to name but a few 收束。③ 该短语必须置于列举之后，若置于列举之前则须改用 such as。 知识点6：autonomous adj. 自主的，有自主权的；自治的 — From autonomous vehicles to domestic robots, from recommendation systems to computers writing novels, AI has an unlimited number of applications. 从自动驾驶汽车到家用机器人，从推荐系统到写小说计算机，人工智能有着不计其数的应用。 用法归纳 ① autonomous adj. 自主的，有自主权的：autonomous vehicles 自动驾驶汽车；autonomous machines 自主运行的机器。 ② autonomous adj. 自治的：an autonomous region 自治区；autonomous decision-making 自主决策。 ③ 构词：auto-（自己）+ nomous（管理、法律）→ autonomous（自己管理的）。同前缀词：automatic adj. 自动的；automobile n. 汽车；autobiography n. 自传。 ④ 辨析：autonomous 强调“不受外部控制、能自主决定”，侧重决策层面的独立；automatic 强调“无需人工操作、自动运行”，侧重机械层面的自动；independent 强调“不依赖他人”，适用范围最广。 词汇拓展 autonomous adj. 自主的；自治的 → autonomous vehicles 自动驾驶汽车 → automatic adj. 自动的 → domestic adj. 家庭的，家用的；本国的 → application n. 应用，用途 即时练习 ① From __________ （自动的）vehicles to domestic robots, AI has an unlimited number of applications. ② 翻译：这项技术让机器能够自主作出决定。（提示：autonomous） 参考答案：① autonomous　② This technology enables machines to make autonomous decisions. 【解析】① 教材原句为 From autonomous vehicles to domestic robots ...，填 autonomous；from A to B 结构表示“从 A 到 B”，用于列举范围的两端。② enable sb/sth to do sth 意为“使某人／某物能够做某事”，make autonomous decisions 意为“作出自主决定”。 知识点7：threaten vt. 危及，对…构成威胁；威胁，恐吓 — Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten the existence of humans? 会思考的机器会与人类并肩工作，还是会威胁到人类的生存？ 用法归纳 ① threaten vt. 危及，对……构成威胁：threaten the existence of humans 威胁人类的生存；threaten one's life 危及某人的生命。 ② threaten vt. 威胁，恐吓：threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事；threaten sb with sth 用某事威胁某人。 ③ 常见搭配：be threatened with ... 受到……的威胁；threaten sb's safety/health 危及某人的安全／健康。posing a threat to planes 对飞机构成威胁。 ④ 名词：threat n. 构成威胁的人（或事物）；威胁，恐吓：pose a threat to 对……构成威胁；under threat 受到威胁。形容词：threatening adj. 威胁的，恐吓的。 词汇拓展 threaten vt. 危及；威胁 → threat n. 威胁，恐吓 → pose a threat to 对……构成威胁→ threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事 → existence n. 存在，生存 即时练习 ① Would thinking machines work alongside humans or __________（threat）the existence of humans? ② Drones that fly near airports pose a __________ （威胁）to planes that are taking off or landing. ③ 微写作：一些人担心人脸识别技术可能对个人隐私构成威胁。 参考答案：① threaten　② threat　③Some people worry that facial recognition technology may pose a threat to personal privacy. 【解析】① 由 or 可知与 work 并列，用动词原形，填 threaten。② pose a threat to 为教材 B2 原句搭配，pose 后接单数名词 threat，填 threat。③ pose a threat to 中 to 是介词，后接名词或动名词。 知识点8：commit vt. 犯（罪）；承诺，保证；花（钱或时间）vi. 全心全意投入，忠于 — How would they be punished if they committed crimes or even murdered humans? 如果它们犯了罪甚至谋杀了人类，会受到怎样的惩罚？ 用法归纳 ① commit vt. 犯（罪）：commit a crime 犯罪；commit murder 犯谋杀罪；commit a mistake/error 犯错误。 ② commit vt. 承诺，保证；花（钱或时间）：commit oneself to (doing) sth 承诺（做）某事、致力于（做）某事；commit money/time to sth 把钱／时间投入某事。 ③ commit vi. 全心全意投入，忠于：be committed to (doing) sth 致力于（做）某事（教材 Unit 1 已学 be committed to 致力于）。 ④ 构词与派生：com-（共同）+ mit（送、放）→ commit。名词：commitment n. 献身，投入；承诺，许诺；形容词：committed adj. 尽心尽力的。三者构成完整词族，是高考完形高频词。 词汇拓展 commit vt. 犯（罪）；承诺；投入 → commit a crime 犯罪 → commitment n. 献身，投入；承诺 → committed adj. 尽心尽力的 → be committed to 致力于（to 为介词） 即时练习 ① How would they be punished if they __________ （commit）crimes or even murdered humans? ② 翻译：她致力于帮助有残疾的人。（提示：be committed to） 参考答案：① committed　② She is committed to helping people with disabilities. 【解析】① 本句为 if 引导的虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时，故填 committed；教材原句即为 if they committed crimes or even murdered humans。② be committed to 中 to 是介词，后接名词或动名词，不可接动词原形。 易错提醒 commit 是不及物与及物兼类词：commit a crime 中 commit 是及物动词，直接接宾语；be committed to 中 committed 是形容词，to 是介词。 commit 的现在分词与过去分词要双写 t：committing, committed；名词 commitment 也要双写 t。 知识点9：urge vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策n. 冲动，强烈的欲望 — As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. 随着我们变得越来越依赖计算机，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能进步所带来的危险。 用法归纳 ① urge vt. 敦促，催促：urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事；urge us to think about the dangers 敦促我们思考这些危险。 ② urge vt. 大力推荐，竭力主张：后接 that 从句时，从句谓语用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”，should 可省略。 ③ urge n. 冲动，强烈的欲望：an urge to do sth 做某事的冲动；feel an urge to laugh 有想笑的冲动。 ④ 辨析：urge 强调“强烈地劝告、力劝”，语气强于 advise；persuade 强调“说服成功”（结果）；advise 仅表“建议”（动作），不保证结果。教材 Unit 1 已学 persuade sb into doing sth。 词汇拓展 urge vt. 敦促，催促 → urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事 → urge n. 冲动，强烈的欲望 → pose vt. 造成，产生（pose a danger 造成危险） 即时练习 ① Some scientists are urging us __________ think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. ② 翻译：老师敦促我们每天阅读英文新闻。（提示：urge sb to do sth） ③ 微写作：我敦促同学们每天至少在户外活动一小时。 参考答案：① to　② Our teacher urges us to read English news every day.　③I urge my classmates to spend at least one hour outdoors every day. 【解析】① urge sb to do sth 为固定结构，不定式符号 to 不可省略，填 to。② 主语 our teacher 为第三人称单数，谓语动词用 urges。③ urge sb to do 与 urge that sb (should) do 可互换，后者为虚拟语气结构。 知识点10：demand vt. 需要；强烈要求　n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要 — Apparently, such warnings demand our attention.（Reading） 显然，这样的警告需要我们予以关注。 用法归纳 ① demand vt. 需要：demand one's attention 需要某人的关注；This work demands patience. 这项工作需要耐心。 ② demand vt. 强烈要求：demand to do sth 要求做某事；后接 that 从句时用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”。 ③ demand n. 要求；需求：meet/satisfy one's demand 满足某人的要求；in great demand 需求量大；supply and demand 供求。 ④ 结构要点：demand 后不接“宾语 + to do”（不可说 demand sb to do sth），这是高考改错高频考点；表达“要求某人做某事”须用 demand that sb (should) do sth。 词汇拓展 demand vt. 需要；强烈要求 → demand one's attention 需要某人的关注 → in great demand 需求量大 → apparently adv. 显然，可见 → warning n. 警告，先兆 即时练习 ① Apparently, such warnings __________ （需要）our attention. ② 翻译：这种新型机器人需求量很大。（提示：in great demand） 参考答案：① demand　② This new type of robot is in great demand. 【解析】① 主语 such warnings 为复数，且本句陈述一般事实，用一般现在时，填 demand；教材原句即为 Apparently, such warnings demand our attention.② in great demand 为固定介词短语，意为“需求量很大”，demand 前不用冠词。 易错提醒 demand 后不能接“宾语 + 不定式”，即没有 demand sb to do sth 这一说法；同类用法的动词还有 suggest, insist, require, request。 demand 后接 that 从句时用虚拟语气：They demanded that he (should) leave at once. 知识点11：fall victim to 受伤，受损，被害 — We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to AI.（Reading） 我们需要确保自己不会成为人工智能的受害者。 用法归纳 ① fall victim to 意为“受伤，受损，被害”，to 是介词，后接造成损害的事物：fall victim to AI 成为人工智能的受害者；fall victim to a disease 患上某种疾病。教材词表将 fall victim to 与 victim n. 受害者一并收录。 ② 常见搭配：fall victim to a trick/fraud 上当受骗；fall victim to one's own success 因自己的成功而受害。 ③ 同根词：victim n. 受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品。近义表达：become a victim of ... 成为……的受害者；suffer from ... 遭受……之苦。 ④ 辨析：fall victim to 强调“不知不觉中成为受害者”，带有“沦落”的动态感；suffer from 强调“遭受（痛苦、疾病）”，主语是承受者；be harmed by 强调“被……伤害”，是被动结构。 词汇拓展 fall victim to 受伤，受损，被害 → victim n. 受害者，牺牲品 → become a victim of 成为……的受害者 → suffer from 遭受……之苦 即时练习 ① We need to make sure that we will not fall victim __________ AI. ② 翻译：许多老年人成为了网络诈骗的受害者。（提示：fall victim to） ③ 微写作：不要点击陌生链接，否则你可能成为网络诈骗的受害者。 参考答案：① to　② Many elderly people have fallen victim to online fraud.　③（示例）Do not click unknown links, or you may fall victim to online fraud. 【解析】① fall victim to 为固定短语，to 是介词，填 to。② 强调“已成为”且影响持续，用现在完成时 have fallen victim to；online fraud 意为“网络诈骗”。③ fall victim to 后接造成损害的事物，不接具体的人作施动者（要说“被某人所害”须用 be victimized by sb）。 知识点12：predict vt. 预言，预告 — It can be predicted that before long many people will be using drones to deliver daily supplies like food and drink. 可以预见，不久之后将有许多人使用无人机来运送食品和饮料等日常用品。 用法归纳 ① predict vt. 预言，预告：predict the future 预测未来；It can be predicted that ... 可以预见……（it 作形式主语，that 引导真正的主语从句）。 ② 常见搭配：predict that ... 预言……；predict + wh- 从句；It is predicted that ... 据预测……；make a prediction 作出预测。 ③ 名词：prediction n. 预言，预测：make a prediction about ... 对……作出预测；beyond prediction 难以预料。形容词：predictable adj. 可预料的（反义 unpredictable adj. 难以预料的）。 ④ 辨析：predict 强调“基于事实或规律作出科学预测”，语气较正式；forecast 强调“（对天气、经济等的）预报”，多用于专业领域；guess 强调“凭直觉猜测”，缺乏依据。 词汇拓展 predict vt. 预言，预告 → prediction n. 预言，预测 → It can be predicted that ... 可以预见…… → predictable adj. 可预料的 → before long 不久以后 即时练习 ① It can be __________ （predict）that before long many people will be using drones to deliver daily supplies. ② 翻译：据预测，未来十年自动驾驶汽车将得到广泛使用。（提示：It is predicted that） ③ 微写作：我预测十年后学生们将在家里戴着虚拟现实头盔上课。 参考答案：① predicted　② It is predicted that autonomous vehicles will come into widespread use in the next ten years.　③I predict that in ten years students will be using VR headsets to attend classes at home. 【解析】① It can be predicted that ... 中 it 是形式主语，predict 与 it 是被动关系，填过去分词 predicted。② It is predicted that ... 意为“据预测……”，that 从句用将来时。③ I predict that ... 后接宾语从句，表将来某时刻正在进行的动作用将来进行时 will be using。 知识点13：decrease vt. & vi. 减少，降低　n. 减少，降低 — This could not only save time, but also greatly decrease road traffic. 这不仅能节省时间，还能大大减少道路交通量。 用法归纳 ① decrease vt. & vi. 减少，降低：decrease road traffic 减少道路交通；decrease by 20% 减少了百分之二十；decrease to 100 减少到一百。 ② 读音与词性：动词读作 /dɪˈkriːs/（重音在后），名词读作 /ˈdiːkriːs/（重音在前），与 contract、increase 同属“名动重音移位”类词。 ③ 常见搭配：a decrease in ... 在……方面的减少；on the decrease 在减少中（反义 on the increase 在增加中）。 ④ 辨析：decrease 强调“数量、程度或强度的下降”，正式且客观；reduce 强调“人为地减少、缩减”，常接宾语（reduce costs 降低成本）；decline 强调“（质量、数量、健康等的）逐渐衰退”，语气较婉。 词汇拓展 decrease vt. & vi. / n. 减少，降低 → decrease by 减少了……（幅度）→ decrease to 减少到……（结果）→ on the decrease 在减少中 → increase v. & n. 增加（反义） 即时练习 ① This could not only save time, but also greatly __________ （减少）road traffic. ② 翻译：过去十年中，骑自行车上班的人数减少了百分之十五。（提示：decrease by） 参考答案：① decrease　② The number of people cycling to work has decreased by 15 per cent over the past ten years. 【解析】① not only ... but also ... 连接并列谓语，could 后接动词原形，填 decrease。② decrease by 表示“减少了多少”（幅度），decrease to 表示“减少到多少”（结果），二者不可混用；over the past ten years 常与现在完成时连用。 知识点14：in large quantities 大量，大批 — When passenger drones are flying above our cities in large quantities, the sky will be getting more and more crowded. 当载客无人机大量地飞行在我们城市上空时，天空将变得越来越拥挤。 用法归纳 ① in large quantities 意为“大量，大批”，相当于 in large amounts，在句中作状语，修饰动词，表示动作发生的规模。教材词表将其与 quantity n. 数量；大量一并收录。 ② 常见搭配：in large quantities 大量地；in small quantities 少量地；a large quantity of + 名词 大量的……；quantities of + 名词 大量的…… ③ 主谓一致：a large quantity of + 名词作主语时，谓语与 quantity 一致（用单数）；quantities of + 名词作主语时，谓语用复数。这是高考语法填空的经典考点。 ④ 辨析：in large quantities 强调“以大批量的方式”，修饰动作；a large number of 后接可数复数；a large amount of 后接不可数名词；massive amounts of 同样后接不可数名词（见知识点 3）。 词汇拓展 in large quantities 大量，大批 → quantity n. 数量；大量 → a large quantity of 大量的（谓语用单数）→ quantities of 大量的（谓语用复数）→ in small quantities 少量地 即时练习 ① When passenger drones are flying above our cities __________ large quantities, the sky will be getting more and more crowded. ② Large quantities of water __________ (be) needed for this project. ③ 微写作：一旦机器人被大批量生产，它们的价格就会下降，更多家庭将买得起。 参考答案：① in　② are　③Once robots are produced in large quantities, their prices will fall and more families will be able to afford them. 【解析】① in large quantities 为固定介词短语，填 in。② quantities of + 名词作主语时，谓语动词与 quantities 保持一致，用复数 are；若主语为 a large quantity of water，则谓语用单数 is。③ be produced in large quantities 意为“被大批量生产”，in large quantities 修饰过去分词。 知识点15：spy on 暗中监视，窥探 — For instance, as more people will be using drones for photography in the future, some might spy on and take photographs of others without their knowledge. 例如，随着未来更多人使用无人机进行拍摄，一些人可能会在他人不知情的情况下暗中监视并拍摄他人。 用法归纳 ① spy on 意为“暗中监视，窥探”：spy on others 暗中监视他人；spy on one's neighbours 窥探邻居。教材词表将 spy on 与 spy（vi. 从事间谍活动；vt. 突然看见；n. 间谍）一并收录。 ② 常见搭配：spy on sb 监视某人；spy into sth 刺探某事；spy out 查出，探明。注意 spy on 中的 on 是介词，后接名词或动名词。 ③ 相关短语：without one's knowledge 在某人不知情的情况下；take advantage of 利用（take advantage of drones to harm others 利用无人机伤害他人）。 ④ 辨析：spy on 强调“秘密监视”，含贬义，常涉及隐私；monitor 强调“（公开地、技术性地）监测”，中性甚至褒义；observe 强调“（为研究或学习而）观察”，完全中性。 词汇拓展 spy on 暗中监视，窥探 → spy n. 间谍 → without one's knowledge 在某人不知情的情况下 → take advantage of 利用 → monitor vt. 监视，监测 即时练习 ① Some might spy __________ others and take photographs of them without their knowledge. ② 翻译：在他人不知情的情况下监视他人是不对的。（提示：spy on） 参考答案：① on　② It is wrong to spy on others without their knowledge. 【解析】① spy on 为固定短语动词，on 是介词，填 on。② It is wrong to do sth 中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式；without their knowledge 意为“在他们不知情的情况下”。 知识点16：monitor vt. 监视，跟踪调查；监听　n. 显示屏；监测器；班长 — The government needs to make laws to monitor the production and use of drones. 政府需要立法来监管无人机的生产和使用。 用法归纳 ① monitor vt. 监视，跟踪调查；监听：monitor the production and use of drones 监管无人机的生产和使用；monitor air quality 监测空气质量。 ② monitor n. 显示屏；监测器；班长：a computer monitor 电脑显示器；a heart monitor 心脏监测仪；the class monitor 班长。 ③ 常见搭配：monitor progress 跟踪进展；monitor a patient's condition 监测病人的状况；closely monitor 密切监控。 ④ 辨析：monitor 强调“持续、系统地观察记录”，多用于技术或管理语境，中性；spy on 强调“秘密监视”，含贬义；supervise 强调“监督、管理（人或工作）”，侧重于确保其合规。 词汇拓展 monitor vt. / n. 监视，监测／显示屏；班长 → monitor the production of 监管……的生产 → closely monitor 密切监控 → supervise vt. 监督，管理 → make laws 立法 即时练习 ① The government needs to make laws __________ monitor the production and use of drones. ② 翻译：这台仪器可以监测病人的心率。（提示：monitor） ③ 微写作：卫星帮助科学家监测森林与海洋的变化。 参考答案：① to　② This instrument can monitor a patient's heart rate.　③Satellites help scientists monitor changes in forests and oceans. 【解析】① make laws to do sth 中不定式作目的状语，填 to。② monitor 作及物动词，直接接宾语 a patient's heart rate，不需要加介词。③ monitor 后接名词或名词短语，monitor changes in ... 意为“监测……方面的变化”。 知识点17：highlight n. 最好（或最精彩）的部分　vt. 突出，强调；使醒目 — One highlight of the fair was a time capsule with Albert Einstein's message to people 5,000 years in the future. 这次博览会的一大亮点是一个时间胶囊，里面装着阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦写给五千年后人们的信。 用法归纳 ① highlight n. 最好（或最精彩）的部分：one highlight of the fair 博览会的一大亮点；the highlights of the match 比赛的最精彩片段。 ② highlight vt. 突出，强调；使醒目：highlight the importance of ... 强调……的重要性；highlight the key points 标出要点。 ③ 常见搭配：the highlight of one's career 某人职业生涯中最精彩的部分；highlight a problem 突出问题。 ④ 辨析：highlight 强调“使某事物成为焦点、引人注目”，既可用于精彩部分也可用于问题；emphasize 强调“着重说明以表明其重要”，多用于观点与态度；stress 强调“反复重申以引起重视”，语气最强。 词汇拓展 highlight n. / vt. 最精彩的部分／突出，强调 → the highlight of ……的亮点 → emphasize vt. 强调 → stress vt. 着重强调 即时练习 ① One __________ （亮点）of the fair was a time capsule with Albert Einstein's message. ② 翻译：这份报告突出了保护学生视力的重要性。（提示：highlight） 参考答案：① highlight　② The report highlights the importance of protecting students' eyes. 【解析】① 由 one 可知需单数名词，且句意为“一大亮点”，填 highlight。② highlight 作及物动词，直接接宾语 the importance of ...；the importance of doing sth 中 of 后接动名词。 知识点18：bury vt. 埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入 — The time capsule, buried 50 feet below the ground in a park, was designed to be opened in the year 6939. 这个时间胶囊被埋在一个公园地下五十英尺处，计划于公元 6939 年开启。 用法归纳 ① bury vt. 埋藏；埋葬，安葬：be buried 50 feet below the ground 被埋在地下五十英尺处；bury treasure 埋藏宝物。 ② bury vt. 覆盖；遮盖；使陷入：bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面；be buried in thought 陷入沉思。 ③ 常见搭配：bury oneself in sth / be buried in sth 埋头于、专心致志于某事（He was buried in his book. 他埋头读书。）；bury the past 把过去埋葬、忘掉过去。 ④ 句法要点：本句 buried 50 feet below the ground in a park 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 the time capsule，相当于定语从句 which was buried ...，这是科普与新闻类语篇压缩信息的常用手段。 词汇拓展 bury vt. 埋藏；埋葬；使陷入 → be buried in 埋头于；被埋在 → bury oneself in 专心致志于 即时练习 ① The time capsule, __________ （bury）50 feet below the ground in a park, was designed to be opened in the year 6939. ② 翻译：他埋头于研究，以至于忘记了时间。（提示：be buried in） ③ 微写作：上周我整个周末都埋头复习笔记，最终通过了考试。 参考答案：① buried　② He was so buried in his research that he forgot the time.　③（示例）Last week I was buried in my notes for the whole weekend and finally passed the exam. 【解析】① 过去分词短语作后置定语，capsule 与 bury 是被动关系，填 buried。② be buried in sth 意为“埋头于某事”，so ... that ... 引导结果状语从句。③ be buried in 强调“全身心投入”，比 busy with 更具画面感，适合读后续写。 知识点19：contemporary adj. 当代的，现代的；属同时期的，同一时代的　n. 同代人，同辈人 — microfilm rolls recording modern literature, contemporary art and news events of the 1930s 记录了现代文学、当代艺术以及二十世纪三十年代新闻事件的缩微胶卷 用法归纳 ① contemporary adj. 当代的，现代的：contemporary art 当代艺术；contemporary society 当代社会；contemporary literature 当代文学。 ② contemporary adj. 属同时期的，同一时代的：be contemporary with ... 与……同时代；Dickens was contemporary with Thackeray. 狄更斯与萨克雷是同时代的人。 ③ contemporary n. 同代人，同辈人（复数为 contemporaries）：one's contemporaries 某人的同辈人。 ④ 辨析：contemporary 强调“与当下或某一特定时期同时的”，学术色彩较浓；modern 强调“近代的、现代的”，与 ancient 相对；current 强调“当前的、现行的”，如 current affairs 时事。 词汇拓展 contemporary adj. / n. 当代的；同代人 → contemporary art 当代艺术 → be contemporary with 与……同时代 → modern adj. 现代的 → current adj. 当前的 即时练习 ① The capsule contained microfilm rolls recording modern literature and __________ （当代的）art. ② 翻译：这位作家与那位画家是同时代的人。（提示：be contemporary with） 参考答案：① contemporary　② The writer was contemporary with the painter. 【解析】① 与 modern literature 并列，修饰 art 表示“当代艺术”，填 contemporary。② be contemporary with 中 with 后接同一时期的人或事物；表示“与某事同时期发生”也可说 contemporary with sth。 知识点20：conclude vt. & vi. 断定，推断出；达成，订立；（使）结束，终止 — He mentioned a few social problems before concluding that he believed future generations would read his message with “a feeling of proud and justified superiority”. 他提到了几个社会问题，而后断言：他相信后代子孙读到他的信时，会带着“一种自豪而理所应当的优越感”。 用法归纳 ① conclude vt. 断定，推断出：conclude that ... 断定……；conclude from the evidence 从证据中推断。 ② conclude vt. & vi.（使）结束，终止：conclude a speech 结束演讲；conclude with a song 以一首歌作结；to conclude 最后（用于总结）。 ③ conclude vt. 达成，订立：conclude an agreement/a deal 达成协议／交易。 ④ 名词：conclusion n. 结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成。常见搭配：draw/reach/come to a conclusion 得出结论；in conclusion 总之。注意 conclusion 后接 that 从句时为同位语从句。 词汇拓展 conclude vt. & vi. 断定；结束；达成 → conclude that ... 断定…… → conclusion n. 结论 → draw a conclusion 得出结论 → in conclusion 总之 即时练习 ① He mentioned a few social problems before __________（conclude）that future generations would read his message with a feeling of superiority. ② 翻译：在得出结论之前，我们需要更多的证据。（提示：draw a conclusion） ③ 微写作：用 to conclude 写一句话，为一段关于科技利弊的议论收尾。 参考答案：① concluding　② We need more evidence before we draw a conclusion.　③（示例）To conclude, technology itself is neither good nor bad; it is how we use it that matters. 总之，技术本身无所谓好坏，关键在于我们如何使用它。 【解析】① before 在此为介词，后接动名词，填 concluding。② draw/reach/come to a conclusion 均可表示“得出结论”；before 引导时间状语从句，主句用一般现在时表将来含义。③ to conclude 是独立成分，意为“总之”，用于议论文结尾，相当于 in conclusion。 知识点21：virtual adj. 虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的 — The basic definition of VR lies in the name itself, which means “reality that is not real”. 虚拟现实的基本定义就在它的名字里，意思是“并非真实的现实”。 用法归纳 ① virtual adj. 虚拟的，模拟的：virtual reality (VR) 虚拟现实；a virtual tour 虚拟游览；a virtual museum 虚拟博物馆。 ② virtual adj. 很接近的，事实上的：a virtual certainty 几乎可以肯定的事；the virtual ruler of the country 该国事实上的统治者。 ③ 常见搭配：virtual reality 虚拟现实；virtual world 虚拟世界；virtual assistant 虚拟助手；virtual classroom 虚拟课堂。 ④ 辨析：virtual 强调“通过技术模拟出来的、实质等效的”，在科技语境中常译作“虚拟的”；visual 强调“视觉的、看得见的”（visual effects 视觉效果）；actual 强调“实际的、真实的”，与虚拟相对。 词汇拓展 virtual adj. 虚拟的；事实上的 → virtual reality (VR) 虚拟现实 → a virtual tour 虚拟游览 → definition n. 定义；释义 → lie in 在于 即时练习 ① 翻译：人们在决定去哪里度假之前，可以先进行一次虚拟游览。（提示：a virtual tour） ② 微写作：借助虚拟现实，学生们将能在完全沉浸的环境中学习太阳系。 参考答案：① People can take a virtual tour of several destinations before deciding where to go on holiday.　 ②With virtual reality, students will be able to study the solar system in a fully immersive environment. 【解析】①教材 Extended reading 原句为 people who want to go on holiday will have the opportunity to take a virtual tour of several destinations before deciding where to go。② in a fully immersive environment 为教材 Extended reading 原句搭配，意为“在完全沉浸的环境中”。 知识点22 ：at the forefront of 处于最前列，进入重要地位 — Frank, you've been working at the forefront of developments in virtual reality for many years. 弗兰克，你多年来一直工作在虚拟现实发展的最前沿。 用法归纳 ① at the forefront of 意为“处于……的最前列，进入重要地位”，of 后接某一领域、运动或发展：at the forefront of developments in VR 处于虚拟现实发展的最前沿；at the forefront of medical research 处于医学研究的最前列。 ② 常见搭配：be at the forefront of ... 处于……的最前列；remain at the forefront of ... 继续保持……的领先地位；push sth to the forefront 把某事推到最前沿。 ③ 构词：fore（前面）+ front（前方）+ -most 构词成分 → forefront n. 最前列，最重要的位置。教材词表将该短语整体收录。 ④ 辨析：at the forefront of 强调“引领潮流、处于领先位置”，含褒义；at the head of 强调“排在……的前面”，多用于具体的位置或名单；in the lead 强调“在比赛中领先”。 词汇拓展 at the forefront of 处于最前列 → be at the forefront of 处于……的最前列 → forefront n. 最前列，最重要位置 → take the lead 领先 → development n. 发展，开发 即时练习 ① You've been working at the __________（最前列）of developments in virtual reality for many years. ② 翻译：这家公司处于人工智能研究的最前沿。（提示：at the forefront of） 参考答案：① forefront　② This company is at the forefront of research in artificial intelligence. 【解析】① at the forefront of 为固定短语，填 forefront。② 该短语在句中常与 be 动词连用，of 后接领域名词（research, development, technology）；注意 forefront 前必须有定冠词 the。 知识点23：boil down to 归结为，基本问题是 — It really boils down to three things—time, cost and technical limitations. 归根结底就是三件事——时间、成本和技术上的局限。 用法归纳 ① boil down to 意为“归结为，基本问题是”，to 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词：boil down to three things 归结为三件事；It boils down to whether you are willing to try. 归根结底在于你是否愿意尝试。 ② 形象来源：该短语字面义为“（把汤汁）熬煮浓缩到……”，引申为“把复杂的问题浓缩为要点”，常用于口语与访谈语境，使表达简洁有力。 ③ 常见用法：It boils down to + 名词；boil sth down to sth 把某物压缩为某物；boil down to a question of money 归根结底是钱的问题。 ④ 辨析：boil down to 强调“剔除枝节后剩下的核心”，带有归纳、浓缩的意味；come down to 与之近义，但更常用于“最终取决于”；sum up 强调“总结”，是主动的概括行为。 词汇拓展 boil down to 归结为，基本问题是 → come down to 最终取决于 → sum up 总结 → limitation n. 局限，限制 → initial adj. 最初的，开始的 即时练习 ① 翻译：这个问题归根结底在于我们是否愿意改变习惯。（提示：boil down to） ② 微写作：对我来说，学好英语归结为两件事：每日阅读与开口的勇气。 参考答案：① The problem boils down to whether we are willing to change our habits.　 ②（示例）For me, learning English well boils down to two things: daily reading and the courage to speak. 【解析】①boil down to 后接 whether 引导的从句时，whether 不可换成 if（介词宾语从句不用 if）。②该短语用于总结归纳，比 in my opinion 更有“提炼后的判断”的力度。 知识点24：widespread adj. 分布广的，普遍的，广泛的 optimistic adj. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的 — Considering there are so many challenges to deal with, are you still optimistic about the future of VR?（Extended reading） 考虑到还有这么多挑战需要应对，你对虚拟现实的未来仍然持乐观态度吗？ 用法归纳 ① optimistic adj. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的：be optimistic about sth 对某事持乐观态度；be optimistic that ... 对……感到乐观。 ② 常见搭配：be optimistic about the future 对未来乐观；remain optimistic 保持乐观；an optimistic view 乐观的看法。 ③ 名词：optimism n. 乐观，乐观主义（反义 pessimism n. 悲观）；optimist n. 乐观主义者（反义 pessimist n. 悲观主义者）。 ④ 辨析：optimistic 强调“对结果抱有好的预期”，是一种态度；confident 强调“基于能力或证据的自信”，语气更实；hopeful 强调“怀有希望”，侧重于愿望而非判断。 词汇拓展 optimistic adj. 乐观的 → be optimistic about 对……乐观 → optimism n. 乐观，乐观主义 → pessimistic adj. 悲观的 → confident adj. 自信的 即时练习 ① Are you still optimistic __________ the future of VR? ② 翻译：尽管面临困难，他仍然对未来保持乐观。（提示：remain optimistic） ③ 微写作：我对在线教育的未来持乐观态度，因为它让优质资源人人可得。 参考答案：① about　② Despite the difficulties, he remains optimistic about the future.　③I am optimistic about the future of online education because it makes quality resources available to everyone. 【解析】① be optimistic about sth 为固定搭配，about 不可换成 of 或 with，填 about。② remain 为系动词，后接形容词 optimistic 作表语；despite 是介词，后接名词。③ be optimistic about 后接名词或动名词；后接从句时改用 be optimistic that ... 知识点25：话题词汇拓展——科技、未来与日常生活 下列词汇与短语为本单元高频话题词汇，建议按“人工智能—无人机与交通—时间胶囊—虚拟现实”四条线归类记忆，并尝试用于本单元书信写作与 Project 任务。 类别 词汇（英文） 中文释义 人工智能与技术原理（AI and technology） artificial intelligence (AI); deep learning; input; network; capacity; analyse; massive; data; autonomous; domestic; recommendation system; machine translation; breakthrough; state-of-the-art; fail-safe 人工智能；深度学习；输入的信息；网络；能力；分析；巨大的；数据；自主的；家用的；推荐系统；机器翻译；重大突破；最先进的；有自动保险装置的 风险与伦理（risks and ethics） threaten; threat; pose; commit; crime; murder; urge; warning; demand; victim; fall victim to; greedy; recognition; hacker; theft; break into; database; illegal 危及；威胁；造成；犯（罪）；罪行；谋杀；敦促；警告；需要；受害者；成为……的受害者；贪婪的；识别；黑客；偷窃；强行闯入；数据库；非法的 无人机与未来交通（drones and transport） drone; distribution; predict; decrease; in large quantities; airline; spy on; monitor; licence; stadium; passenger drone; delivery drone; take off 无人驾驶飞机；分发；预言；减少；大量；航空公司；暗中监视；监视；许可证；体育场；载客无人机；送货无人机；起飞 时间胶囊与书信（time capsule and letters） capsule; bury; fountain pen; contemporary; seed; wheat; highlight; conclude; muscular; superiority; justified; microfilm roll; World's Fair 小塑料容器；埋藏；自来水笔；当代的；种子；小麦；最精彩的部分；断定；肌肉的；优越性；合乎情理的；缩微胶卷；世界博览会 虚拟现实（virtual reality） virtual reality (VR); at the forefront of; definition; headset; sensor; practical; a host of; academic; immersive; engage; twin; clone; barrier; boil down to; fine-tune; initial; optimistic 虚拟现实；处于最前列；定义；耳机；传感器；实际的；许多；学术的；沉浸式的；吸引住；双胞胎之一；克隆；障碍；归结为；微调；最初的；乐观的 常用短语与表达（key phrases） (build) castles in the air; to name but a few; fall victim to; in large quantities; spy on; at the forefront of; boil down to; at the expense of; like weeds; a host of; before long; on a daily basis （建）空中楼阁；略举几例；成为……的受害者；大量；暗中监视；处于最前列；归结为；以牺牲……为代价；大量；许多；不久以后；每天，日常地 拓展表达（背默） ● It may seem like building castles in the air, but such dreams may actually come true. 这听起来也许像是在建造空中楼阁，但这样的梦想或许真的会实现。 ● Nowadays, AI is already being applied in many fields: finance, health care, machine translation and art, to name but a few. 如今，人工智能已经被应用于许多领域：金融、医疗保健、机器翻译和艺术，略举几例。 ● As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. 随着我们越来越依赖计算机，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能进步带来的危险。 ● It can be predicted that before long many people will be using drones to deliver daily supplies. 可以预见，不久之后将有许多人使用无人机来运送日常用品。 ● The basic definition of VR lies in the name itself, which means “reality that is not real”. 虚拟现实的基本定义就在它的名字里，意思是“并非真实的现实”。 ● Indeed we are only limited by our imagination. 诚然，我们只受限于自己的想象力。 单元语法：将来进行时（Future continuous tense） 一、构成形式 句式 构成 例句 肯定句 主语 + will be + 现在分词（doing） Today I'll be speaking to you about drones, also known as UAVs.（教材 Grammar and usage） 否定句 主语 + will not (won't) be + 现在分词 We won't be using paper tickets in ten years. 十年后我们不会再使用纸质票了。 一般疑问句 Will + 主语 + be + 现在分词？ Will you be visiting the science exhibition next month?（教材 B1） 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + 现在分词？ What will you be doing at this time tomorrow? 明天这个时候你会在做什么？ 说明：将来进行时由“will be + 现在分词”构成，其中 will 为助动词（无人称变化），be 固定用原形，其后必须接动词的现在分词。教材 Working out the rules 明确指出其形式为“will be doing”。 二、教材原句观察 Grammar and usage 语篇（校园科技展上的无人机演讲） — Today I'll be speaking to you about drones, also known as UAVs. 今天我将为大家讲解无人机，也就是 UAV。 — It can be predicted that before long many people will be using drones to deliver daily supplies like food and drink. 可以预见，不久之后将有许多人使用无人机来运送食品和饮料等日常用品。 — We can assume that with improved technology in passenger drones, we will be entering the age of personal flying vehicles. 我们可以设想，随着载客无人机技术的改进，我们将进入个人飞行器的时代。 — Whatever happens, we'll all be interacting with drones on a daily basis. 无论发生什么，我们都会每天与无人机打交道。 B Applying the rules 语篇（无人机广泛使用带来的问题） — When passenger drones are flying above our cities in large quantities, the sky will be getting more and more crowded.当载客无人机大量地飞行在我们城市上空时，天空将变得越来越拥挤。 — As a result, they are more likely to crash into each other. 结果，它们更有可能相互碰撞。 — At the moment, different countries are developing air traffic control systems that can manage large numbers of drones. 目前，不同国家都在开发能够管理大量无人机的空中交通控制系统。 三、核心用法 ① 表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，常与 at this time tomorrow、from 2 to 3 p.m. tomorrow、at nine o'clock 等具体时间状语连用。 例：I will be giving a talk on artificial intelligence from 2 to 3 p.m. tomorrow.（教材 B1：明天下午两点到三点我正在做讲座。） ② 表示按计划、安排或惯例将要发生的动作，此时不强调主观意愿，语气比一般将来时更客观自然。 例：Today I'll be speaking to you about drones.（演讲安排已定，客观陈述。） ③ 表示对将来的预测或推测。教材 Working out the rules 明确指出：We also use the future continuous tense to express predictions. （我们也用将来进行时来表达预测。） 例：It can be predicted that before long many people will be using drones to deliver daily supplies.（对不久的将来的预测。） ④ 表示将来某动作持续进行，从而产生某种结果或状态变化。 例：the sky will be getting more and more crowded（天空将变得越来越拥挤，强调渐进的过程。） 四、将来进行时与一般将来时的区别 比较项 将来进行时（will be doing） 一般将来时（will do） 语气 客观陈述、按计划进行、自然发生 主观意愿、临时决定、单纯将来 过程感 强调动作在将来某时正在进行、持续 只说明动作会发生，不强调过程 典型语境 已安排好的日程、对未来状态的预测 承诺、请求、临时起意 例句 I will be visiting the exhibition next month.（已定好的行程） I will visit the exhibition if I have time.（视情况而定） 特别提醒 将来进行时不用于表示“意愿”，若表达“我愿意做某事”须用 will do，不可用 will be doing。 表示状态的动词（be, have, know, belong）与感官动词一般不用于将来进行时，但表示“某段时间内处于某种状态”时可用（如 will be getting more crowded）。 时间状语从句（when, while, as soon as 等）中用一般现在时表将来，主句才用将来进行时，如 When passenger drones are flying ..., the sky will be getting ...。 will be doing 中的 be 永远用原形，不随人称变化，不可写成 will is/are doing。 五、记忆口诀 将来进行 will be doing，将来某时正进行； 计划安排与预测，语气客观不主观； 若要表达我愿意，will do 才是正解； 时间状语记得清，at this time 常相伴。 六、语法精练 1. Today I ______________ (speak) to you about drones, also known as UAVs.（教材） 2. It can be predicted that before long many people ______________ (use) drones to deliver daily supplies.（教材） 3. With improved technology, we ______________ (enter) the age of personal flying vehicles.（教材） 4. Whatever happens, we all ______________ (interact) with drones on a daily basis.（教材） 5. When passenger drones are flying above our cities in large quantities, the sky ______________ (get) more and more crowded.（教材 B2） 6. I ______________ (give) a talk on artificial intelligence from 2 to 3 p.m. tomorrow.（教材 B1） 7. ______________ you ______________ (visit) the science exhibition next month?（教材 B1） 8. This time next week, the scientists ______________ (test) the new robotic hand in the lab.（自编） 参考答案：1. will be speaking　2. will be using　3. will be entering　4. will be interacting　5. will be getting　6. will be giving　7. Will ... be visiting　8. will be testing 【解析】1—5 均为教材 Grammar and usage 与 B2 原句，体现“预测”与“渐进过程”两类用法。6. from 2 to 3 p.m. tomorrow 是明确的将来时间段，强调届时正在进行，用 will be giving。7. 一般疑问句将 will 提至句首，主语后用 be visiting。8. This time next week 意为“下周这个时候”，是将来进行时的标志性时间状语，填 will be testing。 单元句型与写作：书信体写作——写给 2050 年的人们 一、写作任务与结构 教材 Integrated skills D 要求写一封信给 2050 年的人们。书信宜采用“描述当下生活—聚焦一项科技产品—表达希望与祝愿”的三段式结构，全文用一般现在时描述当下，用将来进行时设想未来，语气亲切自然。 段落 写作要点 可套用的句型 第一段：描述当下 介绍你所处时代的生活面貌，宜用具体细节而非笼统概括，让收信人如临其境。 We are living in an age when ... 我们生活在这样一个时代…… Nowadays, ... is already being used in many fields. 如今……已被应用于许多领域。 Most of us cannot imagine a day without ... 我们大多数人无法想象没有……的一天。 第二段：聚焦一项科技产品 选取一项你最想放进时间胶囊的科技产品，说明它是什么、如何改变人们的生活。 I would like to put ... in the time capsule. 我想把……放进时间胶囊。 What impresses me most is ... 让我印象最深的是…… It enables us to ... 它使我们能够…… 第三段：表达希望与祝愿 写下你对未来世界的希望与祝愿，收束全信，语气真诚积极。 I hope that by 2050 ... 我希望到 2050 年…… It is my belief that ... 我相信…… I am looking forward to ... 我期待着…… 二、具体化描写技巧（教材 Learning about writing techniques） 教材明确指出：给出具体的陈述（specific statements）比笼统的概括（general ones）更好，这能让你的想法更容易被理解。 类型 示例 点评 笼统表达（general） We are living in a great age. 我们生活在一个伟大的时代。 信息量小，读来空洞，无法让收信人了解真实生活。 具体表达（specific） We are living in an age when the Internet makes it possible for us to stay connected wherever we are. 我们生活在这样一个时代：互联网让我们无论身在何处都能保持联系。 用 when 引导的定语从句补充细节，画面感强，是教材推荐写法。 迁移练习：把下面三句笼统表达改写为具体表达。 ① Technology is developing fast. → Technology is developing at a rate at which a machine can now learn from its own experience. ② Life is convenient now. → Life is so convenient that we can have food delivered to our door within thirty minutes. ③ People travel a lot. → People travel so often that they can visit three cities in a single weekend by high-speed train. 三、高分句型公式 ① 时代定位：We are living in an age when + 定语从句（具体细节）。 　示例：We are living in an age when the Internet makes it possible for us to stay connected wherever we are. ② 产品聚焦：I would like to put + 产品 + in the time capsule, because it ... 　示例：I would like to put a smartphone in the time capsule, because it has changed almost every part of our daily life. ③ 功能说明：It enables/allows us to + 动词原形；With ..., we can ... 　示例：It enables us to take a virtual tour of several destinations before deciding where to go. ④ 未来设想：I predict that + 从句（用将来进行时）；By 2050, people will be doing ... 　示例：I predict that by 2050 people will be taking virtual tours of other planets. ⑤ 希望祝愿：I hope that ...；It is my belief that ...；I am looking forward to + 名词/动名词。 　示例：It is my belief that technology will always serve the good of humanity. ⑥ 收束致意：Thank you for reading my letter, and I am looking forward to your reply.（书信通用结尾。） 四、微写作示范 题目：假定你是李华，你校正在举办“时间胶囊”活动，请你写一封信给 2050 年的人们，内容包括：1. 描述你现在的生活；2. 介绍一项你想放进时间胶囊的科技产品；3. 表达你对未来的希望。词数 80 左右。 参考范文 Dear friends in 2050, I am writing to you from the year 2026. We are living in an age when the Internet makes it possible for us to stay connected wherever we are. Most of us cannot imagine a single day without a smartphone in our pocket. If I could put one thing in the time capsule, I would choose a smartphone. Small as it is, it enables us to pay bills, attend online classes and even take a virtual tour of a museum on the other side of the world. What impresses me most is that it is already being used in many fields: education, medicine and art, to name but a few. I predict that by 2050 people will be travelling in autonomous vehicles and will be studying the solar system in fully immersive environments. It is my belief that technology will always serve the good of humanity. I am looking forward to the wonderful world you are living in. Yours, Li Hua 范文点评 第一段用教材推荐的具体表达 We are living in an age when ... 开篇，并以“口袋里的智能手机”这一细节让未来读者如临其境。 第二段聚焦智能手机，用 Small as it is 的倒装让步结构增强语势，再用 to name but a few 收束列举，直接迁移教材 Reading 原句搭配。 第三段用 I predict that ... will be travelling ... and will be studying ... 两个将来进行时设想未来，落实本单元语法重点；末句用 It is my belief that ... 与 I am looking forward to ... 双重祝愿收束。 全文三次使用本单元话题词（autonomous, virtual tour, to name but a few），主题契合度高，句式多样。 （时间：45分钟） 1、 单词拼写 1．As a student volunteer, I want to ________ (强调；亮点) that protecting cultural relics is not only our duty but also a way to pass down traditional culture. 【答案】highlight 【详解】句意：作为一名学生志愿者，我想强调，保护文物不仅是我们的责任，也是传承传统文化的一种方式。表示“强调；亮点”用highlight，此处应该使用动词原形与前文的to构成不定式结构。 2．To review the past will enable one to_________(预测)the future. 【答案】predict 【详解】考查不定式。句意：回顾过去能使人预测未来。核心词汇为enable sb. to do sth “使某人能够做某事”，在不定式符号to之后，故填原形形式predict。 3．The dead were ___________ (埋葬) in the ground after the terrible earthquake. 【答案】buried 【详解】句意：可怕的地震过后，死者被埋在了地下。根据汉语提示，表示“埋葬”含义的表达为bury，根据空白处前面的助动词were可知，本句使用了一般过去时的被动语态，空白处填过去分词。 4．China, suffering a lot in the past, has grown up into a powerful country in the c__________ world. 【答案】contemporary 【详解】句意：中国在过去遭受了很多苦难，在当今世界已经成长为一个强大的国家。world（名词）世界，形容词修饰名词，contemporary当代的，答案为contemporary。 5．The price of oil has been on the d_________ recently. 【答案】decrease/ecrease 【详解】句意：最近油价一直在下降。根据首字母d及语境可知，本空用名词decrease，作宾语，构成固定搭配on the decrease，表示“在下降、在减少”。 6．It also watches the river and stops the _________ (非法的) hunting of animals, which has put the wild animals population at risk. 【答案】illegal    【详解】句意：它同时监控河流，制止非法捕猎动物的行为，这类捕猎已经使野生动物种群濒临危险。根据汉语提示“非法的”可知，本空用形容词illegal，修饰名词 hunting，作前置定语。 7．Global warming is partly caused by the ______________ (减少) of forests. 【答案】decrease 【详解】句意：全球变暖部分是由森林减少造成的。根据汉语提示“减少”可知，此处为名词decrease，作介词by的宾语。 8．Occupied in preparing for my final exam, I have no ________(可能的选择) but to decline your invitation. 【答案】alternative 【详解】句意：正忙着准备期末考试，我别无选择，只能拒绝你的邀请。根据汉语提示可知用名词alternative，作宾语，短语have no alternative but to表示“别无选择，只能……”。 9．I earnestly hope you could be very o_____ (乐观的) about the outcome of this exam. 【答案】optimistic/ptimistic 【详解】句意：我由衷希望你能对这次考试的结果保持十分乐观。所填词位于be动词后作表语，需填形容词；单词以o开头，词义为“乐观的”，形容词optimistic符合要求。 10．The teacher d__________ that the students should hand in their homework promptly. 【答案】demanded/emanded 【详解】考查动词。句意：老师要求学生们应该快速交上作业。宾语从句的谓语动词用should hand in，所以主句的谓语动词应该用demanded，其后的宾语从句用should+动词原形。这里表示的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故答案为demanded. 11．The latest research into DNA has helped solve crimes by a________ the suspect’s saliva. 【答案】analysing/nalysing/analyzing/nalyzing 【详解】句意：最新的DNA研究通过分析嫌疑人的唾液帮助破案。空处作介词by的宾语，结合“the suspect’s saliva”和首字母提示可推知，动词analyse/analyze“分析”符合题意，且需用analyse/analyze的动名词形式analysing/analyzing。 12．It has been p_______________ (预测) that mobile phones will provide English learning programs by 2030. 【答案】predicted/predicted 【详解】句意：人们预测到了2030年手机将会提供英语学习项目。根据中英文提示可知用动词predict，结合上文has been可知为现在完成时的被动语态。 13．At last, Tang Yin gained ________(认可) as one of the greatest artists for his talent. 【答案】recognition 【详解】句意：终于，唐寅凭借其才华获得了公认，成为最杰出的艺术家之一。设空处使用名词作宾语，根据汉语提示，表示“认可”用recognition，为不可数名词。 14．The  ________ (紧急的) situation ________ (催促) us to take action right away. 【答案】 urgent urged 【详解】句意：这一紧急情况催促我们立刻采取行动。第一空修饰名词situation，需填入形容词，表示“紧急的”用urgent‌；第二空作句子谓语，描述已发生的动作，用一般过去时，表示“催促”urge，此处用urged‌。 15．This gift covers the cost of production and _________(分配) of seedlings as well as training in tree care for the villagers. 【答案】distribution 【详解】考查名词。根据后面的介词of可知，用名词形式。句意：这份礼物涵盖了生产成本和分布的幼苗，以及村民照顾树苗的培训。故填distribution。 16．The Harry Potter books are quite popular. They are in great d__________ （需求）in this city. 【答案】demand/emand 【详解】考查名词。句意：哈利波特的书很受欢迎。这个城市对它们的需求量很大。短语be in great demand“需求量很大；畅销”。故填demand。 17．The team’s ________ (优越性) in technical skills was obvious when they easily solved the complex problem. 【答案】superiority 【详解】句意：当他们轻松解决这个复杂问题时，该团队在技术技能上的优越性是显而易见的。“优越性”作句子主语，用名词superiority，不可数名词。 18．Air pollution, often invisible until it becomes extreme,  ________  (造成) a severe threat to our health. 【答案】poses 【详解】考查动词。句意：空气污染在变得严重之前往往是看不见的，它对我们的健康造成了严重威胁。“造成”应该用动词pose作谓语，pose a threat to“对……构成威胁”是固定搭配；句子描述客观情况，用一般现在时，主语为Air pollution，故用第三人称单数形式。故填poses。 19．The time capsule, b______ 50 feet below the ground in a park, was designed to be opened in the year 6939. 【答案】buried/uried 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：时间胶囊被埋在公园地下50英尺处，设计于6939年打开。根据句意和首字母提示可知，空处应填动词bury“埋葬”，本句已有谓语was designed，且中间没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词bury与其逻辑主语The time capsule之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词buried作后置定语，修饰名词The time capsule。故填buried。 20．The survival of many coastal cities ________ (威胁) by the rising sea levels in recent years. 【答案】has been threatened 【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：近年来，许多沿海城市的生存受到海平面上升的威胁。解析：threaten意为“威胁”，城市的生存是“被威胁”，所以要用被动语态；in recent years（近年来）是现在完成时的标志，现在完成时被动语态结构为“have/has been +过去分词”，主语The survival是不可数名词，助动词用has ，threaten的过去分词是threatened。在句中作谓语。故填has been threatened。 2、 阅读理解 Passage A For around 10,000 years, humans have been cultivating the land to grow crops — but at what cost? Agriculture is to blame for most land degradation (退化), accounting for 80% of deforestation, 23% of greenhouse gas emissions and 70% of global freshwater use. One proposed solution to ease these negative agricultural effects is to utilise the unoccupied space above ground to cultivate crops. Known as vertical farming, this practice adopts layered systems to grow fruits and vegetables in soilless containers, watered either directly at the roots or through substrates like hemp and coconut fibres (椰壳纤维). Vertical farming reduces the land needed to produce crops and allows farmers to precisely control the light, temperature and nutrients. But is it sustainable? A 2025 study compared the efficiency of lettuce produced in soil to that grown in vertical farms. Their results showed that vertical farms can deliver more than 20 times the yield of field farms and use about eight times less water than water-thirsty land farms in Spain. However, it’s not all good news for vertical farming. The same study also revealed that greenhouse gas emissions remain higher in vertical farming, even when powered by renewable electricity. This was largely due to the carbon-packed “fibre plugs (纤维插塞)” used in place of soil. The researchers suggest that alternative materials, such as coconut coir, could reduce the carbon footprint. The potential of vertical farming lies in light control. While basking in natural sunlight, traditional land crops are exposed to the full spectrum of light. Those grown in controlled vertical farms, however, can be subjected to light wavelengths of a specific colour. Studies have found that blue light helps produce strong, compact leaves and stems, while far-red light can raise lettuce yields by 30% and increase the photosynthesis rate of Chinese kale (羽衣甘蓝) by 59%. The future of vertical farming may be shaped by further automation. In 2023, China announced the world’s first unmanned vertical plant factory. The 20-storey automated facility controls seeding, cultivation, harvesting and packing without human intervention (干预). AI manages irrigation, nutrient supply and lighting. The facility can produce over ten harvests of green vegetables annually, with lettuce ready every 36 days. “In densely populated cities, plant factories can replenish (补足) the city’s daily vegetable supply and improve its self-sufficiency,” said researcher Wang Sen. 21．What does the underlined word “utilise” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Take advantage of. B．Account for. C．Cut down. D．Give up. 22．What can we know about vertical farming? A．It turns out highly efficient and fully sustainable. B．It precisely and automatically regulates growing conditions. C．Its high emissions entirely result from fibre plugs. D．It achieves higher output with less water consumed. 23．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The significance of natural sunlight for crop growth. B．The importance of blue light for leafy vegetables. C．The impacts of various light wavelengths on plant growth. D．The advantages of vertical farming over field farming. 24．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Unseen Benefits of Soilless Crop Cultivation B．Vertical Farming’s Potentials and Challenges C．Ways to Make Vertical Farming Fully Environmentally Friendly D．The Future of Agriculture Lies in Light Control and AI 【答案】21．A 22．D 23．C 24．B 【导语】文章介绍了垂直农业作为一种缓解传统农业负面影响的方案，阐述了其高产节水的优势，同时也指出了其温室气体排放较高的挑战，并探讨了光控技术和自动化在未来发展中的潜力。 【详解】21．词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“Known as vertical farming, this practice adopts layered systems to grow fruits and vegetables in soilless containers, watered either directly at the roots or through substrates like hemp and coconut fibres (椰壳纤维). (这种被称为垂直农业的种植方式，采用分层系统，在无土容器中培育水果和蔬菜，通过直接浇灌根部或使用大麻、椰纤维等基质进行浇水。)”可知，垂直农业采用了分层系统，在无土的情况下进行种植，说明这种解决方法是利用地面以上的未占用空间，画线词意思应该是“使用，利用”，与take advantage of意思接近。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Their results showed that vertical farms can deliver more than 20 times the yield of field farms and use about eight times less water than water-thirsty land farms in Spain. (他们的结果显示，垂直农场能产出超过传统农田20倍的产量，并且用水量仅约为西班牙高耗水农田的八分之一。)”可知，垂直农场用更少的水实现了更高的产量。 23．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Those grown in controlled vertical farms, however, can be subjected to light wavelengths of a specific colour. Studies have found that blue light helps produce strong, compact leaves and stems, while far-red light can raise lettuce yields by 30% and increase the photosynthesis rate of Chinese kale (羽衣甘蓝) by 59%. (然而，在受控垂直农场中生长的作物可以接受特定颜色的光波长。研究发现，蓝光有助于产生强壮紧凑的叶片和茎，而远红光可以将生菜产量提高30%，并将芥蓝的光合作用速率提高59%。)”可知，本段主要讨论不同波长的光对植物生长的影响。 24．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段引出垂直农业作为解决方案；第二段讲其高产节水的优势；第三段讲其温室气体排放较高的挑战；第四段讲其光控潜力；第五段讲其自动化前景，由此可知，文章既介绍了垂直农业的潜力，也指出了其存在的挑战，“垂直农业的潜力与挑战”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。 Passage B The Everlasting Appeal of Notebooks In our modern digital age, there is no shortage of apps and devices for writing notes and staying organized. Programs like Microsoft OneNote, Evernote, and Notion all have special features that make note-taking faster and more convenient. 25 Yet notebooks and other traditional stationery remain surprisingly popular around the world. It is true that international paper companies and large generalized stationery shops haven’t grown much in recent years. People are no longer buying plain notebooks and folders as much as they did in the past. 26 For many, having a beautiful notebook is an expression of their personal style. Carrying a leather-bound notebook or a metallic folder has become a way to show one’s personality and interests to those around them. 27 The tactile (触觉的) experience of holding a pen and paper can bring back nostalgic (怀旧的) childhood memories. Writing things out by hand has been known to have a calming effect on people as well. Because it takes more time, people must slow down their thought process and concentrate on what they are writing. Perhaps what is most surprising about the recent popularity of stationery is that much of it began online. Many people now share photos of their handwritten notes and study guides on social media. 28 While technology will continue to develop even more advanced and efficient ways to take notes, it seems notebooks are not going away. They remain a simple, personal, and creative way for people to express themselves. 29 A．Notebooks also work psychologically. B．Thus notebooks are viewed merely as practical tools. C．Nothing can replace the warmth of putting pen to paper. D．Such posts motivate others to buy notebooks and write by hand. E．Yet higher-quality or unique forms of stationery have been thriving. F．With so many digital tools, pen-and-paper choices seem unbelievable. G．Digital note-taking apps are being updated to add hand-writing functions. 【答案】25．F 26．E 27．A 28．D 29．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了在数字记笔记工具高度普及的背景下，传统笔记本等文具依然保持长久吸引力的现象，并从个性表达、心理作用、社交传播等角度分析了其流行的原因。 【详解】25．由上文“Programs like Microsoft OneNote, Evernote, and Notion all have special features that make note-taking faster and more convenient.(像微软OneNote、印象笔记、Notion这类程序都具备特色功能，让记笔记变得更快捷、更便利。)”以及下文“Yet notebooks and other traditional stationery remain surprisingly popular around the world.(然而笔记本和其他传统文具在全球范围内依然流行得令人意外。)”可知，上文陈述了数字记笔记工具种类丰富、功能高效便捷的现状，下文阐述了传统纸笔文具反而依旧流行的反差现象，本空要衔接数字工具的普及与纸笔流行的反差，起到过渡作用，选项F表示“有这么多数字工具，纸笔选择似乎令人难以置信。”，能承上启下，符合题意。 26．由上文“People are no longer buying plain notebooks and folders as much as they did in the past.(人们不再像过去那样大量购买普通笔记本和文件夹。)”以及下文“For many, having a beautiful notebook is an expression of their personal style.(对很多人而言，拥有一本精美的笔记本是个人风格的一种表达。)”可知，上文陈述了普通制式文具销量下滑的市场情况，下文阐述了设计独特的文具成为个性表达载体的现象，本空要体现文具市场的分化转折，引出高品质文具的流行，选项E表示“然而更高品质或款式独特的文具一直在蓬勃发展。”，能承上启下，符合题意。 27．本空在第三段段首，是该段主旨句。由下文“The tactile experience of holding a pen and paper can bring back nostalgic childhood memories. Writing things out by hand has been known to have a calming effect on people as well. Because it takes more time, people must slow down their thought process and concentrate on what they are writing.(握笔书写的触觉体验能唤起怀旧的童年记忆。手写记录也被认为对人有镇定作用。由于手写花费更多时间，人们必须放慢思考节奏，专注于书写的内容。)”可知，本段主要说明了笔记本和手写在情绪调节、专注力提升等心理层面的积极作用，选项A表示“笔记本在心理层面也能发挥作用。”，能涵盖本段大意，适合作本段主旨句。 28．由上文“Many people now share photos of their handwritten notes and study guides on social media.(如今很多人会在社交媒体上分享自己的手写笔记和学习资料的照片。)”可知，上文陈述了社交平台上分享手写笔记的流行现象，本空要说明这一现象带来的影响，即推动更多人购买和使用笔记本，选项D表示“这类帖子会激励其他人购买笔记本、进行手写。”，能承接上文，符合题意。 29．由上文“They remain a simple, personal, and creative way for people to express themselves.(它们依然是人们表达自我的一种简单、兼具个人属性与创意的方式。)”可知，上文总结了笔记本不可替代的独特价值，本空要进一步升华主旨，强调纸笔书写的温度感是数字工具无法取代的，选项C表示“没有什么能取代纸笔相触的温度。”，能承接上文并收束全文，符合题意。 3、 完形填空 What would happen if a human brain was connected to a powerful computer? That is what Kevin Warwick, a professor at the University of Reading in the U.K., 30 to find out. “I want to explore what it means to be 31 ,” he says. Soon he will have an 32 . A glass tube will be placed around a group of nerves in his arm. Inside the tube there will be tiny computer circuits. These will 33 messages being sent to the brain and send them to a computer. “Pain provides a clear electronic signal on the nervous system as it moves from its 34 of origin to the brain. We want to find out what happens if that signal is sent to the computer and then played back again. Will I feel the 35 pain?” says Kevin Warwick. It is not just about 36 . The human nervous system sends a wide variety of other messages to the brain, which could have many different 37 . The computer could provide the eyes for a blind person. Anxious or depressed people are often given drugs to make them feel 38 . But what if they could download feelings of happiness directly into their minds? Imagine you are thousands of miles away from your loved ones. You love them and 39 to be back with them. Then you store these 40 on a computer and send them to your family as an e-mail. Professor Warwick believes that the success of his new experiment could lead to the evolution of humans. A human will be one 41 to use the memory and power of the computer. He or she will be able to communicate thoughts and feelings 42 across the planet using the Internet. Humans have used their intelligence to create increasingly intelligent 43 . Has the time now come for the two to 44 together? 30．A．manages B．helps C．intends D．tends 31．A．advanced B．human C．artificial D．competitive 32．A．operation B．adjustment C．assessment D．examination 33．A．give off B．turn into C．make up D．receive 34．A．level B．space C．moment D．point 35．A．awful B．usual C．same D．slight 36．A．signals B．pain C．brain D．messages 37．A．explanations B．uses C．systems D．problems 38．A．better B．stronger C．wiser D．worse 39．A．prefer B．agree C．want D．refuse 40．A．feelings B．greetings C．requests D．memories 41．A．able B．willing C．reluctant D．afraid 42．A．indirectly B．separately C．directly D．purposelessly 43．A．worlds B．machines C．websites D．bodies 44．A．learn B．accept C．develop D．connect 【答案】 30．C 31．B 32．A 33．D 34．D 35．C 36．B 37．B 38．A 39．C 40．A 41．A 42．C 43．B 44．D 【导语】文章主要介绍英国教授凯文·沃里克开展人脑连接电脑实验，探究人机结合带来的各类可能性。 【详解】30．考查动词。句意：这正是英国雷丁大学教授凯文·沃里克打算弄清楚的问题。A. manages设法；B. helps帮助；C. intends打算；D. tends倾向。根据前文“What would happen if a human brain was connected to a powerful computer?”可知，教授打算探究人脑连电脑会产生的结果。 31．考查形容词。句意：“我想要探索身为人类究竟意味着什么。”他说道。A. advanced先进的；B. human人类的；C. artificial人造的；D. competitive有竞争力的。根据前文“What would happen if the human brain was connected to a powerful computer?”以及后文教授开展人脑神经相关实验，研究人脑与计算机的联系可知，他想要探究人的本质。 32．考查名词。句意：很快他将接受一场手术。A. operation手术；B. adjustment调整；C. assessment评估；D. examination检查。根据后文“A glass tube will be placed around a group of nerves in his arm.”可知，要在手臂神经处放置装置，需要进行手术。 33．考查动词（短语）。句意：这些微型电路将接收发送至大脑的信号，并把它们传输到电脑中。A. give off释放；B. turn into变成；C. make up编造；D. receive接收。根据后文“messages being sent to the brain and send them to a computer”可知，电路先接收神经传来的信号再传给电脑。 34．考查名词。句意：疼痛在神经系统中会传递清晰的电子信号，信号从起源点传递到大脑。A. level水平；B. space空间；C. moment时刻；D. point点。根据后文“of origin to the brain”可知，此处指信号的起源点，point of origin为固定搭配，表示“起源点”。 35．考查形容词。句意：我会感受到同样的疼痛吗？A. awful糟糕的；B. usual平常的；C. same相同的；D. slight轻微的。根据前文“We want to find out what happens if that signal is sent to the computer and then played back again.”可知，信号被电脑回放，教授想知道是否会感受到相同的疼痛。 36．考查名词。句意：这一实验不仅仅与疼痛有关。A. signals信号；B. pain疼痛；C. brain大脑；D. messages信息。根据第三段“Pain provides a clear electronic signal on the nervous system”以及后文“The human nervous system sends a wide variety of other messages to the brain”可知，除疼痛外还有其他信号，实验不只是研究疼痛。 37．考查名词。句意：人体神经系统向大脑传递各种各样的其他信号，这些信号会有许多不同的用途。A. explanations解释；B. uses用途；C. systems系统；D. problems问题。根据后文“The computer could provide the eyes for a blind person.”可知，后文列举了信号的多种应用用途。 38．考查形容词。句意：焦虑或抑郁的人常常服用药物，让自己感觉好一些。A. better更好的；B. stronger更强壮的；C. wiser更明智的；D. worse更糟的。根据前文“Anxious or depressed people are often given drugs”可知，药物的作用是让情绪不佳的人感觉变好。 39．考查动词。句意：你爱着他们，想要回到他们身边。A. prefer更喜欢；B. agree同意；C. want想要；D. refuse拒绝。根据前文“Imagine you are thousands of miles away from your loved ones. You love them”可知，远离亲人、心怀思念，想要回到亲人身边。 40．考查名词。句意：然后你把这些情感储存在电脑里，以邮件的形式发送给家人。A. feelings情感；B. greetings问候；C. requests请求；D. memories记忆。根据前文“You love them and _____ to be back with them”可知，此处指的是思念亲人这类情感。 41．考查形容词。句意：人类将能够使用计算机的存储与运算能力。A. able能够的；B. willing愿意的；C. reluctant不情愿的；D. afraid害怕的。根据前文“the success of his new experiment could lead to the evolution of humans”可知，实验成功后人类可以使用电脑的能力，be able to为固定搭配，表示“能够”。 42．考查副词。句意：人们可以借助互联网，在全球范围内直接传递想法与感受。A. indirectly间接地；B. separately分开地；C. directly直接地；D. purposelessly无目的地。根据人脑和电脑相连的实验设想可知，思想感受可以不经其他媒介直接传递。 43．考查名词。句意：人类运用自身智慧，创造出越来越智能的机器。A. worlds世界；B. machines机器；C. websites网站；D. bodies身体。根据前文上一段“Then you store these ________ on a computer and send them to your family as an e-mail.”电脑、电路装置这类人造智能设备可知，人类创造智能机器。 44．考查动词。句意：人机二者实现结合的时刻是否已经到来？A. learn学习；B. accept接受；C. develop发展；D. connect连接。根据全文首句“What would happen if a human brain was connected to a powerful computer?”可知，整篇文章围绕人脑与电脑连接展开，此处指人与机器相连。 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Internet has completely changed how we communicate with each other, exchange information and conduct business. Cybercrime (网络犯罪), often   45 (refer) to as the dark side of the Internet, can come in many different forms. Cybercriminals trick you into parting with your money, infecting your computer with a virus to steal your personal data, or   46 (prevent) you from accessing your own data. These criminal activities pose threats to Internet security, 47 (society) stability and the well-being of the public. Cybercrime usually has a relatively fixed pattern of criminal division labor, with different groups responsible 48 providing technical support, collecting personal information and carrying out criminal activities. The old people easily become 49 (target) of cybercrimes due to their lack of understanding about security prevention. To address the issue, the Chinese government   50 (combine) the fight against cybercrimes involving the elderly with protective measures in recent years. However, there is a trend for criminals to make their bases abroad, 51 makes it hard to get evidence and arrest suspects in cross-border cybercrimes. These years, China has stepped up efforts 52 (punish) cybercrimes, showing its sense of responsibility as a major country. China’s proposal of jointly building a shared future in cyberspace is 53 (gradual) becoming the common goal for various parties. Today it is 54 must to strengthen international cooperation in order to create a safer cyberspace. 【答案】 45．referred 46．preventing 47．social 48．for 49．targets 50．has combined 51．which 52．to punish 53．gradually 54．a 【导语】本文主要介绍网络犯罪的形式、作案特点、老年群体受害现状以及中国打击网络犯罪、推进网络空间国际合作的举措。 【详解】45．考查非谓语动词。句意：常被称作互联网阴暗面的网络犯罪有多种不同形式。本句已有谓语动词can come，空处为非谓语动词；主语Cybercrime与refer to为被动关系，需用过去分词作后置定语。 46．考查非谓语动词。句意：网络犯罪分子欺骗你掏钱、用病毒感染你的电脑窃取你的个人数据，或阻止你访问自己的数据。此处为or连接的并列非谓语结构，与parting、infecting并列，固定搭配trick sb into doing sth，故空处需用动名词形式。 47．考查形容词。句意：这些犯罪活动对网络安全、社会稳定和公众福祉构成威胁。空处修饰名词stability，需用形容词作定语，society的形容词形式为social，意为“社会的”。 48．考查介词。句意：网络犯罪通常具有相对固定的犯罪分工模式，不同群体分别负责提供技术支持、收集个人信息以及实施犯罪活动。responsible for意为“对……负责”，固定搭配。 49．考查名词复数。句意：老年人由于缺乏安全防范认知，极易成为网络犯罪的目标。target为可数名词，主语The old people为复数，对应目标也为复数形式。 50．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：为解决这一问题，近年来中国政府将打击涉老网络犯罪与防护措施相结合。根据时间状语in recent years可知，句子使用现在完成时；主语the Chinese government为单数，谓语动词用单数形式。 51．考查定语从句。句意：然而，犯罪分子出现了境外设窝点的趋势，这使得跨境网络犯罪取证和抓捕嫌疑人难度极大。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整句话内容，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。 52．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些年来，中国加大力度惩治网络犯罪，彰显大国担当。固定搭配step up efforts to do sth.，意为“努力做某事”。 53．考查副词。句意：中国提出的构建网络空间命运共同体正逐渐成为各方的共同目标。空处修饰动词becoming，需用副词作状语，gradual的副词形式为gradually。 54．考查冠词。句意：如今，为打造更安全的网络空间，加强国际合作是一项必要举措。must此处作可数名词，意为“必不可少的事物”，此处表示泛指，must以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 牛津译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 4 Living with technology（复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 主题语境：科技与生活——从人工智能的发展与应用、无人机的未来前景，到写给未来人的时间胶囊与虚拟现实访谈，围绕“技术变革、机遇与风险、面向未来”三条主线展开复习。 2. 词汇短语：掌握 (build) castles in the air, capacity, massive, breakthrough, to name but a few, autonomous, threaten, commit, urge, demand, fall victim to, predict, decrease, in large quantities, spy on, monitor, highlight, bury, contemporary, conclude, virtual, at the forefront of, boil down to, optimistic 等主题词汇与短语的用法。 3. 语法：系统梳理将来进行时（will be doing）——构成形式、两类核心用法及其与一般将来时的区别。 4. 句型：学习书信体写作（写给 2050 年的人们），掌握“描述当下—聚焦一项科技产品—表达希望与祝愿”的三段式结构，能用具体细节替代笼统表述。 复习重难点 重点：将来进行时的形式与两类用法；书信体三段式结构的展开与具体化表达。 难点：将来进行时与一般将来时的语气差别；科技类语篇中长难句（含定语从句、现在分词作状语）的分析与翻译；抽象科技概念的具体化描写。 单元词汇 知识点1：(build) castles in the air （建）空中楼阁，幻想，空想 — It may seem like building castles in the air, but given the rate at which artificial intelligence, or AI, is being developed, in the future such dreams may actually come true. 这听起来也许像是在建造空中楼阁，但鉴于人工智能（AI）当下的发展速度，这样的梦想在未来或许真的会实现。 用法归纳 ① (build) castles in the air 意为“（建）空中楼阁，幻想，空想”，指不切实际的设想。 ② 常见用法：build castles in the air 抱有不切实际的幻想；It may seem like building castles in the air ... 这听起来也许像空中楼阁……；a castle in the air 一个不切实际的计划（作名词短语时 castle 用单数）。 ③ 写作价值：该短语常用于“先抑后扬”的开头——先承认设想看似荒诞，再指出其可能成真，是本单元科普文章的标志性开篇手法。 ④ 同义表达：a pipe dream 白日梦；wishful thinking 一厢情愿的想法；an unrealistic plan 不切实际的计划。注意 castles in the air 为固定复数形式，不可写作 a castle in the air 作动词宾语。 词汇拓展 (build) castles in the air （建）空中楼阁，幻想 → castle n. 城堡 → a pipe dream 白日梦 → wishful thinking 一厢情愿的想法 即时练习 ① It may seem like building __________ （castle）in the air, but such dreams may come true. ② 翻译：在没有资金支持的情况下，这个计划不过是空中楼阁。（提示：castles in the air） ③ 微写作：登月曾经看似空中楼阁，却在 1969 年成为了现实。 知识点2：capacity n. 领悟（或理解、办事）能力；容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量 — Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain. 深度学习人工智能有能力通过多个层次分析海量数据，模仿人脑的复杂网络。 用法归纳 ① capacity n. 能力：have the capacity to do sth 有能力做某事；the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data 分析海量数据的能力。 ② capacity n. 容量，容积；生产量：the capacity of the hall 礼堂的容量；a capacity of 500 people 可容纳五百人。 ③ 常见搭配：the capacity for (doing) sth 做某事的能力／承受力；in the capacity of ... 以……的身份／职位；at full capacity 满负荷运转。 ④ 辨析：capacity 强调“容纳或承受的能力”，既可用于人（理解力、办事能力）也可用于物（容量）；ability 强调“做具体事情的能力”，常用 the ability to do sth；capability 强调“潜在的能力或性能”，常用 the capability of doing sth。 词汇拓展 capacity n. 能力；容量 → have the capacity to do sth 有能力做某事 → ability n. 能力（the ability to do）→ analyse vt. 分析 → massive adj. 巨大的，大而重的 即时练习 ① Deep-learning AI has the __________ （能力）to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers. ② 翻译：这个讲座厅可容纳五百人。（提示：a capacity of） 知识点3：massive adj. 巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的 — Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain. 深度学习人工智能有能力通过多个层次分析海量数据，模仿人脑的复杂网络。 用法归纳 ① massive adj. 巨大的，大而重的：massive amounts of data 海量数据；a massive building 一座巨大的建筑；a massive rock 一块巨石。 ② massive adj. 非常严重的：a massive heart attack 严重的心脏病发作；massive losses 巨大损失。 ③ 常见搭配：massive amounts of + 不可数名词 大量的……；massive investment 巨额投资；massive support 大力支持。 ④ 辨析：massive 强调“体积、数量、程度大到惊人”，语气最强，常用于数据、损失、投资；huge 与 enormous 与 massive 近义，但语气略弱；vast 强调“面积或范围辽阔”，多用于空间（a vast desert）；great 强调“程度高”，多用于抽象事物（great importance）。 词汇拓展 massive adj. 巨大的；非常严重的 → massive amounts of 大量的 → huge adj. 巨大的 → vast adj. 辽阔的 → data n. 数据，资料 即时练习 ① Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse __________ （巨大的）amounts of data. ② The project requires a __________ （mass）investment of time and money. ③ 微写作：医学研究者可以分析海量数据，从而找到更好的疾病疗法。 知识点4：breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破　adj. 突破性的 — A major breakthrough in AI came in 1997, when Deep Blue, a chess-playing computer, beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov. 人工智能的一次重大突破出现在 1997 年，当时一台下国际象棋的计算机“深蓝”击败了世界国际象棋冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫。 用法归纳 ① breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破：a major breakthrough in AI 人工智能领域的重大突破；make a breakthrough 取得突破；a breakthrough in cancer research 癌症研究的突破。 ② 常见搭配：make/achieve a breakthrough in (doing) sth 在（做）某事上取得突破；a scientific/medical/technological breakthrough 科学／医学／技术突破。 ③ 构词：break（打破）+ through（穿过）→ breakthrough（打破障碍穿过去）。同类复合名词还有 break-in 入室盗窃；outbreak n.（战争、疾病的）爆发。 ④ 辨析：breakthrough 强调“打破僵局、取得质的飞跃”，是阶段性成果；advance 强调“前进、进步”，可指任何程度的发展（教材：a significant advance in deep-learning AI systems）；development 强调“发展过程”，最为中性。 词汇拓展 breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破 → make a breakthrough in 在……取得突破 → advance n. 前进，进步 → development n. 发展 → champion n. 冠军 即时练习 ① A major __________（突破） in AI came in 1997, when Deep Blue beat the world chess champion. ② 翻译：科学家们在癌症治疗方面取得了重大突破。（提示：make a breakthrough in） 知识点5：to name but a few 略举几例 — Nowadays, AI is already being applied in many fields: finance, health care, machine translation and art, to name but a few. 如今，人工智能已经被应用于许多领域：金融、医疗保健、机器翻译和艺术等等，略举几例。 用法归纳 ① to name but a few 意为“略举几例”，用于列举若干例子之后的收束，暗示例子还有很多。but 在此相当于 only，意为“只、仅”。 ② 句法要点：该短语是独立成分，不作句子主干，常置于列举内容之后，前面用逗号隔开。本句结构为“many fields: A, B, C and D, to name but a few”。 ③ 同义表达：to name just a few 略举几例；and so on/and so forth 等等；such as 例如（用于列举前引导，不用于收束）；for example/for instance 例如（用于举一例）。 ④ 辨析：to name but a few 只用于列举之后收束，不能用于列举之前；such as 用于列举之前引导；and so on 与 to name but a few 位置相同，但前者更口语，后者更正式，适合书面表达。 词汇拓展 to name but a few 略举几例 → and so on 等等 → such as 例如（列举前）→ for instance 例如 → be applied in 被应用于 即时练习 ① AI is already being applied in many fields: finance, health care, machine translation and art, __________ name but a few. ② 翻译：许多运动在这个国家很受欢迎，例如篮球、足球和乒乓球，略举几例。（提示：to name but a few） ③ 微写作：人工智能在很多方面帮助我：语音助手、地图导航和照片编辑，略举几例。 知识点6：autonomous adj. 自主的，有自主权的；自治的 — From autonomous vehicles to domestic robots, from recommendation systems to computers writing novels, AI has an unlimited number of applications. 从自动驾驶汽车到家用机器人，从推荐系统到写小说计算机，人工智能有着不计其数的应用。 用法归纳 ① autonomous adj. 自主的，有自主权的：autonomous vehicles 自动驾驶汽车；autonomous machines 自主运行的机器。 ② autonomous adj. 自治的：an autonomous region 自治区；autonomous decision-making 自主决策。 ③ 构词：auto-（自己）+ nomous（管理、法律）→ autonomous（自己管理的）。同前缀词：automatic adj. 自动的；automobile n. 汽车；autobiography n. 自传。 ④ 辨析：autonomous 强调“不受外部控制、能自主决定”，侧重决策层面的独立；automatic 强调“无需人工操作、自动运行”，侧重机械层面的自动；independent 强调“不依赖他人”，适用范围最广。 词汇拓展 autonomous adj. 自主的；自治的 → autonomous vehicles 自动驾驶汽车 → automatic adj. 自动的 → domestic adj. 家庭的，家用的；本国的 → application n. 应用，用途 即时练习 ① From __________ （自动的）vehicles to domestic robots, AI has an unlimited number of applications. ② 翻译：这项技术让机器能够自主作出决定。（提示：autonomous） 知识点7：threaten vt. 危及，对…构成威胁；威胁，恐吓 — Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten the existence of humans? 会思考的机器会与人类并肩工作，还是会威胁到人类的生存？ 用法归纳 ① threaten vt. 危及，对……构成威胁：threaten the existence of humans 威胁人类的生存；threaten one's life 危及某人的生命。 ② threaten vt. 威胁，恐吓：threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事；threaten sb with sth 用某事威胁某人。 ③ 常见搭配：be threatened with ... 受到……的威胁；threaten sb's safety/health 危及某人的安全／健康。posing a threat to planes 对飞机构成威胁。 ④ 名词：threat n. 构成威胁的人（或事物）；威胁，恐吓：pose a threat to 对……构成威胁；under threat 受到威胁。形容词：threatening adj. 威胁的，恐吓的。 词汇拓展 threaten vt. 危及；威胁 → threat n. 威胁，恐吓 → pose a threat to 对……构成威胁→ threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事 → existence n. 存在，生存 即时练习 ① Would thinking machines work alongside humans or __________（threat）the existence of humans? ② Drones that fly near airports pose a __________ （威胁）to planes that are taking off or landing. ③ 微写作：一些人担心人脸识别技术可能对个人隐私构成威胁。 知识点8：commit vt. 犯（罪）；承诺，保证；花（钱或时间）vi. 全心全意投入，忠于 — How would they be punished if they committed crimes or even murdered humans? 如果它们犯了罪甚至谋杀了人类，会受到怎样的惩罚？ 用法归纳 ① commit vt. 犯（罪）：commit a crime 犯罪；commit murder 犯谋杀罪；commit a mistake/error 犯错误。 ② commit vt. 承诺，保证；花（钱或时间）：commit oneself to (doing) sth 承诺（做）某事、致力于（做）某事；commit money/time to sth 把钱／时间投入某事。 ③ commit vi. 全心全意投入，忠于：be committed to (doing) sth 致力于（做）某事（教材 Unit 1 已学 be committed to 致力于）。 ④ 构词与派生：com-（共同）+ mit（送、放）→ commit。名词：commitment n. 献身，投入；承诺，许诺；形容词：committed adj. 尽心尽力的。三者构成完整词族，是高考完形高频词。 词汇拓展 commit vt. 犯（罪）；承诺；投入 → commit a crime 犯罪 → commitment n. 献身，投入；承诺 → committed adj. 尽心尽力的 → be committed to 致力于（to 为介词） 即时练习 ① How would they be punished if they __________ （commit）crimes or even murdered humans? ② 翻译：她致力于帮助有残疾的人。（提示：be committed to） 易错提醒 commit 是不及物与及物兼类词：commit a crime 中 commit 是及物动词，直接接宾语；be committed to 中 committed 是形容词，to 是介词。 commit 的现在分词与过去分词要双写 t：committing, committed；名词 commitment 也要双写 t。 知识点9：urge vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策n. 冲动，强烈的欲望 — As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. 随着我们变得越来越依赖计算机，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能进步所带来的危险。 用法归纳 ① urge vt. 敦促，催促：urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事；urge us to think about the dangers 敦促我们思考这些危险。 ② urge vt. 大力推荐，竭力主张：后接 that 从句时，从句谓语用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”，should 可省略。 ③ urge n. 冲动，强烈的欲望：an urge to do sth 做某事的冲动；feel an urge to laugh 有想笑的冲动。 ④ 辨析：urge 强调“强烈地劝告、力劝”，语气强于 advise；persuade 强调“说服成功”（结果）；advise 仅表“建议”（动作），不保证结果。教材 Unit 1 已学 persuade sb into doing sth。 词汇拓展 urge vt. 敦促，催促 → urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事 → urge n. 冲动，强烈的欲望 → pose vt. 造成，产生（pose a danger 造成危险） 即时练习 ① Some scientists are urging us __________ think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. ② 翻译：老师敦促我们每天阅读英文新闻。（提示：urge sb to do sth） ③ 微写作：我敦促同学们每天至少在户外活动一小时。 知识点10：demand vt. 需要；强烈要求　n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要 — Apparently, such warnings demand our attention. 显然，这样的警告需要我们予以关注。 用法归纳 ① demand vt. 需要：demand one's attention 需要某人的关注；This work demands patience. 这项工作需要耐心。 ② demand vt. 强烈要求：demand to do sth 要求做某事；后接 that 从句时用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”。 ③ demand n. 要求；需求：meet/satisfy one's demand 满足某人的要求；in great demand 需求量大；supply and demand 供求。 ④ 结构要点：demand 后不接“宾语 + to do”（不可说 demand sb to do sth），这是高考改错高频考点；表达“要求某人做某事”须用 demand that sb (should) do sth。 词汇拓展 demand vt. 需要；强烈要求 → demand one's attention 需要某人的关注 → in great demand 需求量大 → apparently adv. 显然，可见 → warning n. 警告，先兆 即时练习 ① Apparently, such warnings __________ （需要）our attention. ② 翻译：这种新型机器人需求量很大。（提示：in great demand） 易错提醒 demand 后不能接“宾语 + 不定式”，即没有 demand sb to do sth 这一说法；同类用法的动词还有 suggest, insist, require, request。 demand 后接 that 从句时用虚拟语气：They demanded that he (should) leave at once. 知识点11：fall victim to 受伤，受损，被害 — We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to AI.（Reading） 我们需要确保自己不会成为人工智能的受害者。 用法归纳 ① fall victim to 意为“受伤，受损，被害”，to 是介词，后接造成损害的事物：fall victim to AI 成为人工智能的受害者；fall victim to a disease 患上某种疾病。教材词表将 fall victim to 与 victim n. 受害者一并收录。 ② 常见搭配：fall victim to a trick/fraud 上当受骗；fall victim to one's own success 因自己的成功而受害。 ③ 同根词：victim n. 受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品。近义表达：become a victim of ... 成为……的受害者；suffer from ... 遭受……之苦。 ④ 辨析：fall victim to 强调“不知不觉中成为受害者”，带有“沦落”的动态感；suffer from 强调“遭受（痛苦、疾病）”，主语是承受者；be harmed by 强调“被……伤害”，是被动结构。 词汇拓展 fall victim to 受伤，受损，被害 → victim n. 受害者，牺牲品 → become a victim of 成为……的受害者 → suffer from 遭受……之苦 即时练习 ① We need to make sure that we will not fall victim __________ AI. ② 翻译：许多老年人成为了网络诈骗的受害者。（提示：fall victim to） ③ 微写作：不要点击陌生链接，否则你可能成为网络诈骗的受害者。 知识点12：predict vt. 预言，预告 — It can be predicted that before long many people will be using drones to deliver daily supplies like food and drink. 可以预见，不久之后将有许多人使用无人机来运送食品和饮料等日常用品。 用法归纳 ① predict vt. 预言，预告：predict the future 预测未来；It can be predicted that ... 可以预见……（it 作形式主语，that 引导真正的主语从句）。 ② 常见搭配：predict that ... 预言……；predict + wh- 从句；It is predicted that ... 据预测……；make a prediction 作出预测。 ③ 名词：prediction n. 预言，预测：make a prediction about ... 对……作出预测；beyond prediction 难以预料。形容词：predictable adj. 可预料的（反义 unpredictable adj. 难以预料的）。 ④ 辨析：predict 强调“基于事实或规律作出科学预测”，语气较正式；forecast 强调“（对天气、经济等的）预报”，多用于专业领域；guess 强调“凭直觉猜测”，缺乏依据。 词汇拓展 predict vt. 预言，预告 → prediction n. 预言，预测 → It can be predicted that ... 可以预见…… → predictable adj. 可预料的 → before long 不久以后 即时练习 ① It can be __________ （predict）that before long many people will be using drones to deliver daily supplies. ② 翻译：据预测，未来十年自动驾驶汽车将得到广泛使用。（提示：It is predicted that） ③ 微写作：我预测十年后学生们将在家里戴着虚拟现实头盔上课。 知识点13：decrease vt. & vi. 减少，降低　n. 减少，降低 — This could not only save time, but also greatly decrease road traffic. 这不仅能节省时间，还能大大减少道路交通量。 用法归纳 ① decrease vt. & vi. 减少，降低：decrease road traffic 减少道路交通；decrease by 20% 减少了百分之二十；decrease to 100 减少到一百。 ② 读音与词性：动词读作 /dɪˈkriːs/（重音在后），名词读作 /ˈdiːkriːs/（重音在前），与 contract、increase 同属“名动重音移位”类词。 ③ 常见搭配：a decrease in ... 在……方面的减少；on the decrease 在减少中（反义 on the increase 在增加中）。 ④ 辨析：decrease 强调“数量、程度或强度的下降”，正式且客观；reduce 强调“人为地减少、缩减”，常接宾语（reduce costs 降低成本）；decline 强调“（质量、数量、健康等的）逐渐衰退”，语气较婉。 词汇拓展 decrease vt. & vi. / n. 减少，降低 → decrease by 减少了……（幅度）→ decrease to 减少到……（结果）→ on the decrease 在减少中 → increase v. & n. 增加（反义） 即时练习 ① This could not only save time, but also greatly __________ （减少）road traffic. ② 翻译：过去十年中，骑自行车上班的人数减少了百分之十五。（提示：decrease by） 知识点14：in large quantities 大量，大批 — When passenger drones are flying above our cities in large quantities, the sky will be getting more and more crowded. 当载客无人机大量地飞行在我们城市上空时，天空将变得越来越拥挤。 用法归纳 ① in large quantities 意为“大量，大批”，相当于 in large amounts，在句中作状语，修饰动词，表示动作发生的规模。教材词表将其与 quantity n. 数量；大量一并收录。 ② 常见搭配：in large quantities 大量地；in small quantities 少量地；a large quantity of + 名词 大量的……；quantities of + 名词 大量的…… ③ 主谓一致：a large quantity of + 名词作主语时，谓语与 quantity 一致（用单数）；quantities of + 名词作主语时，谓语用复数。这是高考语法填空的经典考点。 ④ 辨析：in large quantities 强调“以大批量的方式”，修饰动作；a large number of 后接可数复数；a large amount of 后接不可数名词；massive amounts of 同样后接不可数名词（见知识点 3）。 词汇拓展 in large quantities 大量，大批 → quantity n. 数量；大量 → a large quantity of 大量的（谓语用单数）→ quantities of 大量的（谓语用复数）→ in small quantities 少量地 即时练习 ① When passenger drones are flying above our cities __________ large quantities, the sky will be getting more and more crowded. ② Large quantities of water __________ (be) needed for this project. ③ 微写作：一旦机器人被大批量生产，它们的价格就会下降，更多家庭将买得起。 知识点15：spy on 暗中监视，窥探 — For instance, as more people will be using drones for photography in the future, some might spy on and take photographs of others without their knowledge. 例如，随着未来更多人使用无人机进行拍摄，一些人可能会在他人不知情的情况下暗中监视并拍摄他人。 用法归纳 ① spy on 意为“暗中监视，窥探”：spy on others 暗中监视他人；spy on one's neighbours 窥探邻居。教材词表将 spy on 与 spy（vi. 从事间谍活动；vt. 突然看见；n. 间谍）一并收录。 ② 常见搭配：spy on sb 监视某人；spy into sth 刺探某事；spy out 查出，探明。注意 spy on 中的 on 是介词，后接名词或动名词。 ③ 相关短语：without one's knowledge 在某人不知情的情况下；take advantage of 利用（take advantage of drones to harm others 利用无人机伤害他人）。 ④ 辨析：spy on 强调“秘密监视”，含贬义，常涉及隐私；monitor 强调“（公开地、技术性地）监测”，中性甚至褒义；observe 强调“（为研究或学习而）观察”，完全中性。 词汇拓展 spy on 暗中监视，窥探 → spy n. 间谍 → without one's knowledge 在某人不知情的情况下 → take advantage of 利用 → monitor vt. 监视，监测 即时练习 ① Some might spy __________ others and take photographs of them without their knowledge. ② 翻译：在他人不知情的情况下监视他人是不对的。（提示：spy on） 知识点16：monitor vt. 监视，跟踪调查；监听　n. 显示屏；监测器；班长 — The government needs to make laws to monitor the production and use of drones. 政府需要立法来监管无人机的生产和使用。 用法归纳 ① monitor vt. 监视，跟踪调查；监听：monitor the production and use of drones 监管无人机的生产和使用；monitor air quality 监测空气质量。 ② monitor n. 显示屏；监测器；班长：a computer monitor 电脑显示器；a heart monitor 心脏监测仪；the class monitor 班长。 ③ 常见搭配：monitor progress 跟踪进展；monitor a patient's condition 监测病人的状况；closely monitor 密切监控。 ④ 辨析：monitor 强调“持续、系统地观察记录”，多用于技术或管理语境，中性；spy on 强调“秘密监视”，含贬义；supervise 强调“监督、管理（人或工作）”，侧重于确保其合规。 词汇拓展 monitor vt. / n. 监视，监测／显示屏；班长 → monitor the production of 监管……的生产 → closely monitor 密切监控 → supervise vt. 监督，管理 → make laws 立法 即时练习 ① The government needs to make laws __________ monitor the production and use of drones. ② 翻译：这台仪器可以监测病人的心率。（提示：monitor） ③ 微写作：卫星帮助科学家监测森林与海洋的变化。 知识点17：highlight n. 最好（或最精彩）的部分　vt. 突出，强调；使醒目 — One highlight of the fair was a time capsule with Albert Einstein's message to people 5,000 years in the future. 这次博览会的一大亮点是一个时间胶囊，里面装着阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦写给五千年后人们的信。 用法归纳 ① highlight n. 最好（或最精彩）的部分：one highlight of the fair 博览会的一大亮点；the highlights of the match 比赛的最精彩片段。 ② highlight vt. 突出，强调；使醒目：highlight the importance of ... 强调……的重要性；highlight the key points 标出要点。 ③ 常见搭配：the highlight of one's career 某人职业生涯中最精彩的部分；highlight a problem 突出问题。 ④ 辨析：highlight 强调“使某事物成为焦点、引人注目”，既可用于精彩部分也可用于问题；emphasize 强调“着重说明以表明其重要”，多用于观点与态度；stress 强调“反复重申以引起重视”，语气最强。 词汇拓展 highlight n. / vt. 最精彩的部分／突出，强调 → the highlight of ……的亮点 → emphasize vt. 强调 → stress vt. 着重强调 即时练习 ① One __________ （亮点）of the fair was a time capsule with Albert Einstein's message. ② 翻译：这份报告突出了保护学生视力的重要性。（提示：highlight） 知识点18：bury vt. 埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入 — The time capsule, buried 50 feet below the ground in a park, was designed to be opened in the year 6939. 这个时间胶囊被埋在一个公园地下五十英尺处，计划于公元 6939 年开启。 用法归纳 ① bury vt. 埋藏；埋葬，安葬：be buried 50 feet below the ground 被埋在地下五十英尺处；bury treasure 埋藏宝物。 ② bury vt. 覆盖；遮盖；使陷入：bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面；be buried in thought 陷入沉思。 ③ 常见搭配：bury oneself in sth / be buried in sth 埋头于、专心致志于某事（He was buried in his book. 他埋头读书。）；bury the past 把过去埋葬、忘掉过去。 ④ 句法要点：本句 buried 50 feet below the ground in a park 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 the time capsule，相当于定语从句 which was buried ...，这是科普与新闻类语篇压缩信息的常用手段。 词汇拓展 bury vt. 埋藏；埋葬；使陷入 → be buried in 埋头于；被埋在 → bury oneself in 专心致志于 即时练习 ① The time capsule, __________ （bury）50 feet below the ground in a park, was designed to be opened in the year 6939. ② 翻译：他埋头于研究，以至于忘记了时间。（提示：be buried in） ③ 微写作：上周我整个周末都埋头复习笔记，最终通过了考试。 知识点19：contemporary adj. 当代的，现代的；属同时期的，同一时代的　n. 同代人，同辈人 — microfilm rolls recording modern literature, contemporary art and news events of the 1930s 记录了现代文学、当代艺术以及二十世纪三十年代新闻事件的缩微胶卷 用法归纳 ① contemporary adj. 当代的，现代的：contemporary art 当代艺术；contemporary society 当代社会；contemporary literature 当代文学。 ② contemporary adj. 属同时期的，同一时代的：be contemporary with ... 与……同时代；Dickens was contemporary with Thackeray. 狄更斯与萨克雷是同时代的人。 ③ contemporary n. 同代人，同辈人（复数为 contemporaries）：one's contemporaries 某人的同辈人。 ④ 辨析：contemporary 强调“与当下或某一特定时期同时的”，学术色彩较浓；modern 强调“近代的、现代的”，与 ancient 相对；current 强调“当前的、现行的”，如 current affairs 时事。 词汇拓展 contemporary adj. / n. 当代的；同代人 → contemporary art 当代艺术 → be contemporary with 与……同时代 → modern adj. 现代的 → current adj. 当前的 即时练习 ① The capsule contained microfilm rolls recording modern literature and __________ （当代的）art. ② 翻译：这位作家与那位画家是同时代的人。（提示：be contemporary with） 知识点20：conclude vt. & vi. 断定，推断出；达成，订立；（使）结束，终止 — He mentioned a few social problems before concluding that he believed future generations would read his message with “a feeling of proud and justified superiority”. 他提到了几个社会问题，而后断言：他相信后代子孙读到他的信时，会带着“一种自豪而理所应当的优越感”。 用法归纳 ① conclude vt. 断定，推断出：conclude that ... 断定……；conclude from the evidence 从证据中推断。 ② conclude vt. & vi.（使）结束，终止：conclude a speech 结束演讲；conclude with a song 以一首歌作结；to conclude 最后（用于总结）。 ③ conclude vt. 达成，订立：conclude an agreement/a deal 达成协议／交易。 ④ 名词：conclusion n. 结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成。常见搭配：draw/reach/come to a conclusion 得出结论；in conclusion 总之。注意 conclusion 后接 that 从句时为同位语从句。 词汇拓展 conclude vt. & vi. 断定；结束；达成 → conclude that ... 断定…… → conclusion n. 结论 → draw a conclusion 得出结论 → in conclusion 总之 即时练习 ① He mentioned a few social problems before __________（conclude）that future generations would read his message with a feeling of superiority. ② 翻译：在得出结论之前，我们需要更多的证据。（提示：draw a conclusion） ③ 微写作：用 to conclude 写一句话，为一段关于科技利弊的议论收尾。 知识点21：virtual adj. 虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的 — The basic definition of VR lies in the name itself, which means “reality that is not real”. 虚拟现实的基本定义就在它的名字里，意思是“并非真实的现实”。 用法归纳 ① virtual adj. 虚拟的，模拟的：virtual reality (VR) 虚拟现实；a virtual tour 虚拟游览；a virtual museum 虚拟博物馆。 ② virtual adj. 很接近的，事实上的：a virtual certainty 几乎可以肯定的事；the virtual ruler of the country 该国事实上的统治者。 ③ 常见搭配：virtual reality 虚拟现实；virtual world 虚拟世界；virtual assistant 虚拟助手；virtual classroom 虚拟课堂。 ④ 辨析：virtual 强调“通过技术模拟出来的、实质等效的”，在科技语境中常译作“虚拟的”；visual 强调“视觉的、看得见的”（visual effects 视觉效果）；actual 强调“实际的、真实的”，与虚拟相对。 词汇拓展 virtual adj. 虚拟的；事实上的 → virtual reality (VR) 虚拟现实 → a virtual tour 虚拟游览 → definition n. 定义；释义 → lie in 在于 即时练习 ① 翻译：人们在决定去哪里度假之前，可以先进行一次虚拟游览。（提示：a virtual tour） ② 微写作：借助虚拟现实，学生们将能在完全沉浸的环境中学习太阳系。 知识点22 ：at the forefront of 处于最前列，进入重要地位 — Frank, you've been working at the forefront of developments in virtual reality for many years. 弗兰克，你多年来一直工作在虚拟现实发展的最前沿。 用法归纳 ① at the forefront of 意为“处于……的最前列，进入重要地位”，of 后接某一领域、运动或发展：at the forefront of developments in VR 处于虚拟现实发展的最前沿；at the forefront of medical research 处于医学研究的最前列。 ② 常见搭配：be at the forefront of ... 处于……的最前列；remain at the forefront of ... 继续保持……的领先地位；push sth to the forefront 把某事推到最前沿。 ③ 构词：fore（前面）+ front（前方）+ -most 构词成分 → forefront n. 最前列，最重要的位置。教材词表将该短语整体收录。 ④ 辨析：at the forefront of 强调“引领潮流、处于领先位置”，含褒义；at the head of 强调“排在……的前面”，多用于具体的位置或名单；in the lead 强调“在比赛中领先”。 词汇拓展 at the forefront of 处于最前列 → be at the forefront of 处于……的最前列 → forefront n. 最前列，最重要位置 → take the lead 领先 → development n. 发展，开发 即时练习 ① You've been working at the __________（最前列）of developments in virtual reality for many years. ② 翻译：这家公司处于人工智能研究的最前沿。（提示：at the forefront of） 知识点23：boil down to 归结为，基本问题是 — It really boils down to three things—time, cost and technical limitations. 归根结底就是三件事——时间、成本和技术上的局限。 用法归纳 ① boil down to 意为“归结为，基本问题是”，to 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词：boil down to three things 归结为三件事；It boils down to whether you are willing to try. 归根结底在于你是否愿意尝试。 ② 形象来源：该短语字面义为“（把汤汁）熬煮浓缩到……”，引申为“把复杂的问题浓缩为要点”，常用于口语与访谈语境，使表达简洁有力。 ③ 常见用法：It boils down to + 名词；boil sth down to sth 把某物压缩为某物；boil down to a question of money 归根结底是钱的问题。 ④ 辨析：boil down to 强调“剔除枝节后剩下的核心”，带有归纳、浓缩的意味；come down to 与之近义，但更常用于“最终取决于”；sum up 强调“总结”，是主动的概括行为。 词汇拓展 boil down to 归结为，基本问题是 → come down to 最终取决于 → sum up 总结 → limitation n. 局限，限制 → initial adj. 最初的，开始的 即时练习 ① 翻译：这个问题归根结底在于我们是否愿意改变习惯。（提示：boil down to） ② 微写作：对我来说，学好英语归结为两件事：每日阅读与开口的勇气。 知识点24：widespread adj. 分布广的，普遍的，广泛的 optimistic adj. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的 — Considering there are so many challenges to deal with, are you still optimistic about the future of VR?（Extended reading） 考虑到还有这么多挑战需要应对，你对虚拟现实的未来仍然持乐观态度吗？ 用法归纳 ① optimistic adj. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的：be optimistic about sth 对某事持乐观态度；be optimistic that ... 对……感到乐观。 ② 常见搭配：be optimistic about the future 对未来乐观；remain optimistic 保持乐观；an optimistic view 乐观的看法。 ③ 名词：optimism n. 乐观，乐观主义（反义 pessimism n. 悲观）；optimist n. 乐观主义者（反义 pessimist n. 悲观主义者）。 ④ 辨析：optimistic 强调“对结果抱有好的预期”，是一种态度；confident 强调“基于能力或证据的自信”，语气更实；hopeful 强调“怀有希望”，侧重于愿望而非判断。 词汇拓展 optimistic adj. 乐观的 → be optimistic about 对……乐观 → optimism n. 乐观，乐观主义 → pessimistic adj. 悲观的 → confident adj. 自信的 即时练习 ① Are you still optimistic __________ the future of VR? ② 翻译：尽管面临困难，他仍然对未来保持乐观。（提示：remain optimistic） ③ 微写作：我对在线教育的未来持乐观态度，因为它让优质资源人人可得。 知识点25：话题词汇拓展——科技、未来与日常生活 下列词汇与短语为本单元高频话题词汇，建议按“人工智能—无人机与交通—时间胶囊—虚拟现实”四条线归类记忆，并尝试用于本单元书信写作与 Project 任务。 类别 词汇（英文） 中文释义 人工智能与技术原理（AI and technology） artificial intelligence (AI); deep learning; input; network; capacity; analyse; massive; data; autonomous; domestic; recommendation system; machine translation; breakthrough; state-of-the-art; fail-safe 人工智能；深度学习；输入的信息；网络；能力；分析；巨大的；数据；自主的；家用的；推荐系统；机器翻译；重大突破；最先进的；有自动保险装置的 风险与伦理（risks and ethics） threaten; threat; pose; commit; crime; murder; urge; warning; demand; victim; fall victim to; greedy; recognition; hacker; theft; break into; database; illegal 危及；威胁；造成；犯（罪）；罪行；谋杀；敦促；警告；需要；受害者；成为……的受害者；贪婪的；识别；黑客；偷窃；强行闯入；数据库；非法的 无人机与未来交通（drones and transport） drone; distribution; predict; decrease; in large quantities; airline; spy on; monitor; licence; stadium; passenger drone; delivery drone; take off 无人驾驶飞机；分发；预言；减少；大量；航空公司；暗中监视；监视；许可证；体育场；载客无人机；送货无人机；起飞 时间胶囊与书信（time capsule and letters） capsule; bury; fountain pen; contemporary; seed; wheat; highlight; conclude; muscular; superiority; justified; microfilm roll; World's Fair 小塑料容器；埋藏；自来水笔；当代的；种子；小麦；最精彩的部分；断定；肌肉的；优越性；合乎情理的；缩微胶卷；世界博览会 虚拟现实（virtual reality） virtual reality (VR); at the forefront of; definition; headset; sensor; practical; a host of; academic; immersive; engage; twin; clone; barrier; boil down to; fine-tune; initial; optimistic 虚拟现实；处于最前列；定义；耳机；传感器；实际的；许多；学术的；沉浸式的；吸引住；双胞胎之一；克隆；障碍；归结为；微调；最初的；乐观的 常用短语与表达（key phrases） (build) castles in the air; to name but a few; fall victim to; in large quantities; spy on; at the forefront of; boil down to; at the expense of; like weeds; a host of; before long; on a daily basis （建）空中楼阁；略举几例；成为……的受害者；大量；暗中监视；处于最前列；归结为；以牺牲……为代价；大量；许多；不久以后；每天，日常地 拓展表达（背默） ● It may seem like building castles in the air, but such dreams may actually come true. 这听起来也许像是在建造空中楼阁，但这样的梦想或许真的会实现。 ● Nowadays, AI is already being applied in many fields: finance, health care, machine translation and art, to name but a few. 如今，人工智能已经被应用于许多领域：金融、医疗保健、机器翻译和艺术，略举几例。 ● As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. 随着我们越来越依赖计算机，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能进步带来的危险。 ● It can be predicted that before long many people will be using drones to deliver daily supplies. 可以预见，不久之后将有许多人使用无人机来运送日常用品。 ● The basic definition of VR lies in the name itself, which means “reality that is not real”. 虚拟现实的基本定义就在它的名字里，意思是“并非真实的现实”。 ● Indeed we are only limited by our imagination. 诚然，我们只受限于自己的想象力。 单元语法：将来进行时（Future continuous tense） 一、构成形式 句式 构成 例句 肯定句 主语 + will be + 现在分词（doing） Today I'll be speaking to you about drones, also known as UAVs.（教材 Grammar and usage） 否定句 主语 + will not (won't) be + 现在分词 We won't be using paper tickets in ten years. 十年后我们不会再使用纸质票了。 一般疑问句 Will + 主语 + be + 现在分词？ Will you be visiting the science exhibition next month?（教材 B1） 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + 现在分词？ What will you be doing at this time tomorrow? 明天这个时候你会在做什么？ 说明：将来进行时由“will be + 现在分词”构成，其中 will 为助动词（无人称变化），be 固定用原形，其后必须接动词的现在分词。教材 Working out the rules 明确指出其形式为“will be doing”。 二、教材原句观察 Grammar and usage 语篇（校园科技展上的无人机演讲） — Today I'll be speaking to you about drones, also known as UAVs. 今天我将为大家讲解无人机，也就是 UAV。 — It can be predicted that before long many people will be using drones to deliver daily supplies like food and drink. 可以预见，不久之后将有许多人使用无人机来运送食品和饮料等日常用品。 — We can assume that with improved technology in passenger drones, we will be entering the age of personal flying vehicles. 我们可以设想，随着载客无人机技术的改进，我们将进入个人飞行器的时代。 — Whatever happens, we'll all be interacting with drones on a daily basis. 无论发生什么，我们都会每天与无人机打交道。 B Applying the rules 语篇（无人机广泛使用带来的问题） — When passenger drones are flying above our cities in large quantities, the sky will be getting more and more crowded.当载客无人机大量地飞行在我们城市上空时，天空将变得越来越拥挤。 — As a result, they are more likely to crash into each other. 结果，它们更有可能相互碰撞。 — At the moment, different countries are developing air traffic control systems that can manage large numbers of drones. 目前，不同国家都在开发能够管理大量无人机的空中交通控制系统。 三、核心用法 ① 表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，常与 at this time tomorrow、from 2 to 3 p.m. tomorrow、at nine o'clock 等具体时间状语连用。 例：I will be giving a talk on artificial intelligence from 2 to 3 p.m. tomorrow.（教材 B1：明天下午两点到三点我正在做讲座。） ② 表示按计划、安排或惯例将要发生的动作，此时不强调主观意愿，语气比一般将来时更客观自然。 例：Today I'll be speaking to you about drones.（演讲安排已定，客观陈述。） ③ 表示对将来的预测或推测。教材 Working out the rules 明确指出：We also use the future continuous tense to express predictions. （我们也用将来进行时来表达预测。） 例：It can be predicted that before long many people will be using drones to deliver daily supplies.（对不久的将来的预测。） ④ 表示将来某动作持续进行，从而产生某种结果或状态变化。 例：the sky will be getting more and more crowded（天空将变得越来越拥挤，强调渐进的过程。） 四、将来进行时与一般将来时的区别 比较项 将来进行时（will be doing） 一般将来时（will do） 语气 客观陈述、按计划进行、自然发生 主观意愿、临时决定、单纯将来 过程感 强调动作在将来某时正在进行、持续 只说明动作会发生，不强调过程 典型语境 已安排好的日程、对未来状态的预测 承诺、请求、临时起意 例句 I will be visiting the exhibition next month.（已定好的行程） I will visit the exhibition if I have time.（视情况而定） 特别提醒 将来进行时不用于表示“意愿”，若表达“我愿意做某事”须用 will do，不可用 will be doing。 表示状态的动词（be, have, know, belong）与感官动词一般不用于将来进行时，但表示“某段时间内处于某种状态”时可用（如 will be getting more crowded）。 时间状语从句（when, while, as soon as 等）中用一般现在时表将来，主句才用将来进行时，如 When passenger drones are flying ..., the sky will be getting ...。 will be doing 中的 be 永远用原形，不随人称变化，不可写成 will is/are doing。 五、记忆口诀 将来进行 will be doing，将来某时正进行； 计划安排与预测，语气客观不主观； 若要表达我愿意，will do 才是正解； 时间状语记得清，at this time 常相伴。 六、语法精练 1. Today I ______________ (speak) to you about drones, also known as UAVs.（教材） 2. It can be predicted that before long many people ______________ (use) drones to deliver daily supplies.（教材） 3. With improved technology, we ______________ (enter) the age of personal flying vehicles.（教材） 4. Whatever happens, we all ______________ (interact) with drones on a daily basis.（教材） 5. When passenger drones are flying above our cities in large quantities, the sky ______________ (get) more and more crowded.（教材 B2） 6. I ______________ (give) a talk on artificial intelligence from 2 to 3 p.m. tomorrow.（教材 B1） 7. ______________ you ______________ (visit) the science exhibition next month?（教材 B1） 8. This time next week, the scientists ______________ (test) the new robotic hand in the lab.（自编） 单元句型与写作：书信体写作——写给 2050 年的人们 一、写作任务与结构 教材 Integrated skills D 要求写一封信给 2050 年的人们。书信宜采用“描述当下生活—聚焦一项科技产品—表达希望与祝愿”的三段式结构，全文用一般现在时描述当下，用将来进行时设想未来，语气亲切自然。 段落 写作要点 可套用的句型 第一段：描述当下 介绍你所处时代的生活面貌，宜用具体细节而非笼统概括，让收信人如临其境。 We are living in an age when ... 我们生活在这样一个时代…… Nowadays, ... is already being used in many fields. 如今……已被应用于许多领域。 Most of us cannot imagine a day without ... 我们大多数人无法想象没有……的一天。 第二段：聚焦一项科技产品 选取一项你最想放进时间胶囊的科技产品，说明它是什么、如何改变人们的生活。 I would like to put ... in the time capsule. 我想把……放进时间胶囊。 What impresses me most is ... 让我印象最深的是…… It enables us to ... 它使我们能够…… 第三段：表达希望与祝愿 写下你对未来世界的希望与祝愿，收束全信，语气真诚积极。 I hope that by 2050 ... 我希望到 2050 年…… It is my belief that ... 我相信…… I am looking forward to ... 我期待着…… 二、具体化描写技巧（教材 Learning about writing techniques） 教材明确指出：给出具体的陈述（specific statements）比笼统的概括（general ones）更好，这能让你的想法更容易被理解。 类型 示例 点评 笼统表达（general） We are living in a great age. 我们生活在一个伟大的时代。 信息量小，读来空洞，无法让收信人了解真实生活。 具体表达（specific） We are living in an age when the Internet makes it possible for us to stay connected wherever we are. 我们生活在这样一个时代：互联网让我们无论身在何处都能保持联系。 用 when 引导的定语从句补充细节，画面感强，是教材推荐写法。 迁移练习：把下面三句笼统表达改写为具体表达。 ① Technology is developing fast. → Technology is developing at a rate at which a machine can now learn from its own experience. ② Life is convenient now. → Life is so convenient that we can have food delivered to our door within thirty minutes. ③ People travel a lot. → People travel so often that they can visit three cities in a single weekend by high-speed train. 三、高分句型公式 ① 时代定位：We are living in an age when + 定语从句（具体细节）。 　示例：We are living in an age when the Internet makes it possible for us to stay connected wherever we are. ② 产品聚焦：I would like to put + 产品 + in the time capsule, because it ... 　示例：I would like to put a smartphone in the time capsule, because it has changed almost every part of our daily life. ③ 功能说明：It enables/allows us to + 动词原形；With ..., we can ... 　示例：It enables us to take a virtual tour of several destinations before deciding where to go. ④ 未来设想：I predict that + 从句（用将来进行时）；By 2050, people will be doing ... 　示例：I predict that by 2050 people will be taking virtual tours of other planets. ⑤ 希望祝愿：I hope that ...；It is my belief that ...；I am looking forward to + 名词/动名词。 　示例：It is my belief that technology will always serve the good of humanity. ⑥ 收束致意：Thank you for reading my letter, and I am looking forward to your reply.（书信通用结尾。） 四、微写作示范 题目：假定你是李华，你校正在举办“时间胶囊”活动，请你写一封信给 2050 年的人们，内容包括：1. 描述你现在的生活；2. 介绍一项你想放进时间胶囊的科技产品；3. 表达你对未来的希望。词数 80 左右。 （时间：45分钟） 1、 单词拼写 1．As a student volunteer, I want to ________ (强调；亮点) that protecting cultural relics is not only our duty but also a way to pass down traditional culture. 2．To review the past will enable one to_________(预测)the future. 3．The dead were ___________ (埋葬) in the ground after the terrible earthquake. 4．China, suffering a lot in the past, has grown up into a powerful country in the c__________ world. 5．The price of oil has been on the d_________ recently. 6．It also watches the river and stops the _________ (非法的) hunting of animals, which has put the wild animals population at risk. 7．Global warming is partly caused by the ______________ (减少) of forests. 8．Occupied in preparing for my final exam, I have no ________(可能的选择) but to decline your invitation. 9．I earnestly hope you could be very o_____ (乐观的) about the outcome of this exam. 10．The teacher d__________ that the students should hand in their homework promptly. 11．The latest research into DNA has helped solve crimes by a________ the suspect’s saliva. 12．It has been p_______________ (预测) that mobile phones will provide English learning programs by 2030. 13．At last, Tang Yin gained ________(认可) as one of the greatest artists for his talent. 14．The  ________ (紧急的) situation ________ (催促) us to take action right away. 15．This gift covers the cost of production and _________(分配) of seedlings as well as training in tree care for the villagers. 16．The Harry Potter books are quite popular. They are in great d__________ （需求）in this city. 17．The team’s ________ (优越性) in technical skills was obvious when they easily solved the complex problem. 18．Air pollution, often invisible until it becomes extreme,  ________  (造成) a severe threat to our health. 19．The time capsule, b______ 50 feet below the ground in a park, was designed to be opened in the year 6939. 20．The survival of many coastal cities ________ (威胁) by the rising sea levels in recent years. 2、 阅读理解 Passage A For around 10,000 years, humans have been cultivating the land to grow crops — but at what cost? Agriculture is to blame for most land degradation (退化), accounting for 80% of deforestation, 23% of greenhouse gas emissions and 70% of global freshwater use. One proposed solution to ease these negative agricultural effects is to utilise the unoccupied space above ground to cultivate crops. Known as vertical farming, this practice adopts layered systems to grow fruits and vegetables in soilless containers, watered either directly at the roots or through substrates like hemp and coconut fibres (椰壳纤维). Vertical farming reduces the land needed to produce crops and allows farmers to precisely control the light, temperature and nutrients. But is it sustainable? A 2025 study compared the efficiency of lettuce produced in soil to that grown in vertical farms. Their results showed that vertical farms can deliver more than 20 times the yield of field farms and use about eight times less water than water-thirsty land farms in Spain. However, it’s not all good news for vertical farming. The same study also revealed that greenhouse gas emissions remain higher in vertical farming, even when powered by renewable electricity. This was largely due to the carbon-packed “fibre plugs (纤维插塞)” used in place of soil. The researchers suggest that alternative materials, such as coconut coir, could reduce the carbon footprint. The potential of vertical farming lies in light control. While basking in natural sunlight, traditional land crops are exposed to the full spectrum of light. Those grown in controlled vertical farms, however, can be subjected to light wavelengths of a specific colour. Studies have found that blue light helps produce strong, compact leaves and stems, while far-red light can raise lettuce yields by 30% and increase the photosynthesis rate of Chinese kale (羽衣甘蓝) by 59%. The future of vertical farming may be shaped by further automation. In 2023, China announced the world’s first unmanned vertical plant factory. The 20-storey automated facility controls seeding, cultivation, harvesting and packing without human intervention (干预). AI manages irrigation, nutrient supply and lighting. The facility can produce over ten harvests of green vegetables annually, with lettuce ready every 36 days. “In densely populated cities, plant factories can replenish (补足) the city’s daily vegetable supply and improve its self-sufficiency,” said researcher Wang Sen. 21．What does the underlined word “utilise” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Take advantage of. B．Account for. C．Cut down. D．Give up. 22．What can we know about vertical farming? A．It turns out highly efficient and fully sustainable. B．It precisely and automatically regulates growing conditions. C．Its high emissions entirely result from fibre plugs. D．It achieves higher output with less water consumed. 23．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The significance of natural sunlight for crop growth. B．The importance of blue light for leafy vegetables. C．The impacts of various light wavelengths on plant growth. D．The advantages of vertical farming over field farming. 24．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Unseen Benefits of Soilless Crop Cultivation B．Vertical Farming’s Potentials and Challenges C．Ways to Make Vertical Farming Fully Environmentally Friendly D．The Future of Agriculture Lies in Light Control and AI Passage B The Everlasting Appeal of Notebooks In our modern digital age, there is no shortage of apps and devices for writing notes and staying organized. Programs like Microsoft OneNote, Evernote, and Notion all have special features that make note-taking faster and more convenient. 25 Yet notebooks and other traditional stationery remain surprisingly popular around the world. It is true that international paper companies and large generalized stationery shops haven’t grown much in recent years. People are no longer buying plain notebooks and folders as much as they did in the past. 26 For many, having a beautiful notebook is an expression of their personal style. Carrying a leather-bound notebook or a metallic folder has become a way to show one’s personality and interests to those around them. 27 The tactile (触觉的) experience of holding a pen and paper can bring back nostalgic (怀旧的) childhood memories. Writing things out by hand has been known to have a calming effect on people as well. Because it takes more time, people must slow down their thought process and concentrate on what they are writing. Perhaps what is most surprising about the recent popularity of stationery is that much of it began online. Many people now share photos of their handwritten notes and study guides on social media. 28 While technology will continue to develop even more advanced and efficient ways to take notes, it seems notebooks are not going away. They remain a simple, personal, and creative way for people to express themselves. 29 A．Notebooks also work psychologically. B．Thus notebooks are viewed merely as practical tools. C．Nothing can replace the warmth of putting pen to paper. D．Such posts motivate others to buy notebooks and write by hand. E．Yet higher-quality or unique forms of stationery have been thriving. F．With so many digital tools, pen-and-paper choices seem unbelievable. G．Digital note-taking apps are being updated to add hand-writing functions. 3、 完形填空 What would happen if a human brain was connected to a powerful computer? That is what Kevin Warwick, a professor at the University of Reading in the U.K., 30 to find out. “I want to explore what it means to be 31 ,” he says. Soon he will have an 32 . A glass tube will be placed around a group of nerves in his arm. Inside the tube there will be tiny computer circuits. These will 33 messages being sent to the brain and send them to a computer. “Pain provides a clear electronic signal on the nervous system as it moves from its 34 of origin to the brain. We want to find out what happens if that signal is sent to the computer and then played back again. Will I feel the 35 pain?” says Kevin Warwick. It is not just about 36 . The human nervous system sends a wide variety of other messages to the brain, which could have many different 37 . The computer could provide the eyes for a blind person. Anxious or depressed people are often given drugs to make them feel 38 . But what if they could download feelings of happiness directly into their minds? Imagine you are thousands of miles away from your loved ones. You love them and 39 to be back with them. Then you store these 40 on a computer and send them to your family as an e-mail. Professor Warwick believes that the success of his new experiment could lead to the evolution of humans. A human will be one 41 to use the memory and power of the computer. He or she will be able to communicate thoughts and feelings 42 across the planet using the Internet. Humans have used their intelligence to create increasingly intelligent 43 . Has the time now come for the two to 44 together? 30．A．manages B．helps C．intends D．tends 31．A．advanced B．human C．artificial D．competitive 32．A．operation B．adjustment C．assessment D．examination 33．A．give off B．turn into C．make up D．receive 34．A．level B．space C．moment D．point 35．A．awful B．usual C．same D．slight 36．A．signals B．pain C．brain D．messages 37．A．explanations B．uses C．systems D．problems 38．A．better B．stronger C．wiser D．worse 39．A．prefer B．agree C．want D．refuse 40．A．feelings B．greetings C．requests D．memories 41．A．able B．willing C．reluctant D．afraid 42．A．indirectly B．separately C．directly D．purposelessly 43．A．worlds B．machines C．websites D．bodies 44．A．learn B．accept C．develop D．connect 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Internet has completely changed how we communicate with each other, exchange information and conduct business. Cybercrime (网络犯罪), often   45 (refer) to as the dark side of the Internet, can come in many different forms. Cybercriminals trick you into parting with your money, infecting your computer with a virus to steal your personal data, or   46 (prevent) you from accessing your own data. These criminal activities pose threats to Internet security, 47 (society) stability and the well-being of the public. Cybercrime usually has a relatively fixed pattern of criminal division labor, with different groups responsible 48 providing technical support, collecting personal information and carrying out criminal activities. The old people easily become 49 (target) of cybercrimes due to their lack of understanding about security prevention. To address the issue, the Chinese government   50 (combine) the fight against cybercrimes involving the elderly with protective measures in recent years. However, there is a trend for criminals to make their bases abroad, 51 makes it hard to get evidence and arrest suspects in cross-border cybercrimes. These years, China has stepped up efforts 52 (punish) cybercrimes, showing its sense of responsibility as a major country. China’s proposal of jointly building a shared future in cyberspace is 53 (gradual) becoming the common goal for various parties. Today it is 54 must to strengthen international cooperation in order to create a safer cyberspace. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $