Unit 4 Living with Technology 培优提能练（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（译林版·新教材）

本高中英语讲义聚焦主题语篇阅读与语法填空核心知识点，系统涵盖推理判断、写作目的、细节理解等阅读题型及介词、非谓语动词、定语从句等语法点，构建从语篇理解到语言知识运用的学习支架，助力学生逐步提升综合语言能力。 该资料特色鲜明，语篇选材聚焦环保创新与科技发展，如A篇Inna的波浪能研究培养学生人类命运共同体意识，B篇石墨烯半导体探索锻炼分析推断的思维品质。题目解析详尽，语法填空结合社会热点，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生查漏补缺，提升自主学习能力。

作业6　培优提能练 [分值：35分] Ⅰ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A According to the United Nations,60 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions come directly from the way that we currently produce our electricity.71 percent of the earth is covered in water yet only around 1.5 percent of the global energy is produced through wave power.That’s what inspired Eco Wave Power CEO，Inna Braverman to take on the challenge. Two weeks after she was born in Ukraine in 1986，the Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred and she got hurt，suffering from breathing arrest and a clinical death.But thanks to her mother，who was a nurse，she was saved.Growing up，she felt it her purpose to find green and sustainable energy. Inna found that previous wave energy developers had placed their technology offshore，contributing to huge installation and maintenance costs，incredibly vulnerable stations in storms，and consequently lack of funding.Her innovative version，however，is to install the power station on land.The only part of the system in the water is the floaters which bob up and down with the waves.These push compressed air into a tank where the energy is stored to produce electricity.The floaters are attached to existing man-made structures such as banks，piers，and breakwaters. The simplicity of the design makes it cheaper to install and maintain as well as being better protected from rough weather and therefore，insurable.Once a commercial plant producing 20 megawatts or more(enough for 20,000 homes) is in place，the unit cost significantly reduces.“Our price of energy decreases to about $0.05 US per kilowatt hour，which is comparable to the prices of onshore wind，” Inna explains. A pilot station was installed in Gibraltar in 2016.It was the first wave energy system to be connected to the grid in Europe.More tests of the wave energy system have been arranged in different countries and regions. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Eco Wave Power公司的首席执行官Inna Braverman采用陆基发电站的创新方案——利用波浪能进行环保发电的事迹。 1．What do we know from the first two paragraphs? A．Inna was inspired by a UN program to focus on green energy. B．Inna’s early experience enabled her to explore green energy solutions. C．Inna came up with the idea of green energy thanks to her mother. D．Green and sustainable energy solutions are greatly influenced by the nuclear disaster. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。通读前两段，根据第二段中“Growing up，she felt it her purpose to find green and sustainable energy.”可知，Inna的早期经历促使她探索绿色能源解决方案。故选B。 2．What’s the purpose of the author to write paragraph 3? A．To demonstrate the environmental impact of wave energy. B．To highlight Inna Braverman’s innovative approach to wave energy. C．To outline the challenges faced by other wave energy developers. D．To provide information about wave energy production around the world. 答案　B 解析　写作目的题。根据第三段中“Her innovative version，however，is to install the power station on land.”以及本段下文的具体介绍可知，本段的目的是突出Inna Braverman对波浪能的创新方法。故选B。 3．How is Inna Braverman’s approach to wave energy different from previous ones? A．Its maintenance on the sea floor. B．Its dependence on government funding. C．Its installation on land. D．Its exclusive focus on offshore technology. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inna found that previous wave energy developers had placed their technology offshore...Her innovative version，however，is to install the power station on land.”可知，Inna Braverman对波浪能的研究方法与之前不同的是将发电站安装在陆地上。故选C。 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Eco Wave Power: Pioneer in Sustainable Energy B．Chernobyl Survivor’s Vision: Endless Power for the Future C．Land-based Wave Power: Innovation for Green Electricity D．Onshore Energy: Eco Wave Power’s Fight Against Gas Emissions 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，根据第一段和第三段中“Her innovative version，however，is to install the power station on land.”可知，本文讲述了Eco Wave Power公司的首席执行官Inna Braverman采用陆基发电站的创新方案——利用波浪能进行环保发电的事迹，C项“陆基波浪能：绿色电力的创新”是本文的最佳标题，故选C。 B A working semiconductor(半导体) has been created from graphene(石墨烯)，potentially laying the foundation for a new type of computer with greater speed and efficiency than today’s silicon chips(硅片) allow. Graphene，a material made from a single layer of carbon atoms，is a good electrical conductor resistant to heat and acids.But a working graphene semiconductor which can be controlled to conduct or separate electricity at will，has evaded scientists.Such semiconductors are key to creating the logic chips that power computers. The problem has been the lack of what is known as a bandgap.Semiconductors have bands of higher and lower energies and a point—the bandgap—at which excited electrons can jump from one to the other.This effectively allows the flow of current to be switched on and off，so it is either conducting or not conducting，creating the binary system of zeroes and ones used in digital computers. Now，Walter de Heer at the Georgia Institute of Technology and his colleagues have created graphene with a bandgap and demonstrated a working transistor，an on/off switch that either prevents or allows current to flow through it.Walter de Heer said the electrical properties of a graphene semiconductor were far better than those of silicon chips.“It’s like driving on a rocky road versus driving on a freeway，” he said. Silicon chips are cheap to make and backed by extensive production facilities，but we are reaching their limits.Moore’s law states the number of transistors in a circuit will double roughly every two years，but the rate of downsizing has slowed recently as engineers reach circuit concentration beyond which electrons can’t be reliably controlled. “You can use all the technology the whole semiconductor industry is totally comfortable with to scale up this process，” says David Carey at the University of Surrey，UK.But he suspects the world will soon shift to graphene chips，because silicon has such a head start.“Most people working on silicon are bombed daily by new，wonderful materials that are about to replace it and none of it’s ever happened，” he says. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了科学家已经创造出了由石墨烯制成的功能半导体，这可能为未来开发速度更快、效率更高的新型计算机奠定基础。 5．What does the underlined word “evaded” probably mean in paragraph 2? A．Surprised. B．Puzzled. C．Annoyed. D．Attracted. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。But前后表示转折，根据画线词所在句前一句“Graphene，a material made from a single layer of carbon atoms，is a good electrical conductor resistant to heat and acids.”可知，石墨烯有作为导电体的良好性能，再结合第三段中“The problem has been the lack of what is known as a bandgap.”可知，由于带隙的问题，这种可以随意被控制导电或断电的功能石墨烯半导体难倒了科学家。evade意为“使难倒”，故选B。 6．Why is a bandgap crucial? A．It excites the jump of electrons. B．It creates the system of zeros and ones. C．It balances the higher and lower energies. D．It allows the on and off of the current flow. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Semiconductors have bands of higher and lower energies and a point—the bandgap—at which excited electrons can jump from one to the other.This effectively allows the flow of current to be switched on and off，so it is either conducting or not conducting，creating the binary system of zeroes and ones used in digital computers.”可知，带隙能够让被激发的电子从一个带跳到另一个带，可以有效地允许电流的开启和关闭，因此它非常关键。故选D。 7．What advantage might graphene semiconductor have over silicon chips? A．Superior electrical characteristics. B．Stronger production support. C．Lower development cost. D．Slower downsizing rate. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Walter de Heer said the electrical properties of a graphene semiconductor were far better than those of silicon chips.”可知，石墨烯半导体比硅片有更好的电学性能。故选A。 8．What may be David’s attitude to graphene chips’ application in the near future? A．Uncaring. B．Favorable. C．Doubtful. D．Disapproving. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“But he suspects the world will soon shift to graphene chips，because silicon has such a head start.”可推测出，对于不久的将来石墨烯芯片得到应用的可能性，David持怀疑态度。故选C。 Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) A recent study found that kindergarten children who are exposed 1. electronic screens for more than an hour a day have a 2. (significance) increase in mental health risk regardless of the content viewed，and the risk worsens as the duration of screen exposure increases. According to the study 3. (conduct) by experts from the Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine，children 4.________(watch) entertainment and non-child-directed programs have 5. (great) mental health risks than those who watch educational programs. A paper about the research,6. involved nearly 16,000 kindergarten children from Shanghai for three continuous years,7. (publish) on the website of the journal JAMA Pediatrics early this month. The new study was designed 8. (find) whether the associations between excessive screen time and mental health risks differ by the content viewed.Screen exposure time was collected when the children were aged 3,5 and 6，and their mental health was reported by parents using 9. standard questionnaire.Experts reminded parents and guardians that children under 2 should only use electronic 10. (device) to conduct video calls when necessary.They also suggested that for children between 2 and 5，parents should accompany and communicate with them when they are in front of screens. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，每天接触电子屏幕超过一小时的幼儿园儿童，无论看什么内容，心理健康风险都会显著增加，而且随着屏幕接触时间的增加，风险会加剧。 1．答案　to 解析　考查介词。固定搭配be exposed to意为“接触……”。故填to。 2．答案　significant 解析　考查形容词。空处用形容词significant“显著的”，修饰空后的名词“increase”。故填significant。 3．答案　conducted 解析　考查非谓语动词。被修饰词“the study”和动词“conduct”之间为逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填conducted。 4．答案　watching 解析　考查非谓语动词。被修饰词“children”和动词“watch”为逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。故填watching。 5．答案　greater 解析　考查形容词比较级。根据空后的“than those who watch educational programs”可判断，空处为形容词比较级。故填greater。 6．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处为非限定性定语从句的关系词，先行词为“A paper about the research”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 7．答案　was published 解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“early this month”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语“A paper about the research”和动词“publish”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语是单数，be动词使用was。故填was published。 8．答案　to find 解析　考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词作目的状语，表示“为了……”，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 9．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词，standard的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 10．答案　devices 解析　考查名词复数。根据句意，以及上文的“children”以及下文的“video calls”可推测，空处为名词的复数形式。故填devices。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $