上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期高三年级英语学科12月试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高三年级英语学科12月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Think or Swim When submarine crews in movies hear "Prepare to dive", they jump into action to get the submarine ready to move underwater. A new study, led by Dr J Chris McKnight of the University of St Andrews, suggests seals use a similar thought to stimulate the physiological changes 1          (need) to help them stay underwater for so long. The team studied a group of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) 2          (wear) near-infrared spectroscopy devices (近红外光谱装置), which track patterns of blood circulation. These PortaSeal wearables 3          (attach) to the animals' heads and shoulders to monitor changes in their bodies while swimming and diving. "Discovering that seals can seemingly actively control their circulatory systems 4          (be) really exciting," says McKnight. Mammals, including humans, have a range of automatic responses 5          being drowned in water, including a reduced heart rate. Marine mammals exhibit these responses particularly strong, but we cannot see inside their bodies before and during a dive 6          (see) the extent of changes that they undergo. McKnight and his team wondered 7          near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) might provide the answer. It involves shining light (of wavelengths between 800 and 2,500 nanometres) into the subject's head and analysing the spectrum of light (光谱) 8          reflects back. 9          different molecular bonds absorb different wavelengths of light, the reflected wavelengths provide clues as to the amount of blood passing through vessels (血管) in the subject's brain and surrounding tissue. The results showed that blood redistribution in seals is under some cognitive (认知的) control. Seals also increase oxygen in their brain at 10          consistent time in each dive, despite a lack of air. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. build B. precisely C. reason D. reinvent E. relative F. social G. survive H. theoretically I. traces J. transmission K. works Three things that make us human All species on Earth, including humans, are unique. Yet our intelligence and creativity go well beyond those of any other animal, Humans have long communicated through language, and invented ever more complex tools that have enabled our species to 11          and develop. ➢Our brains Without doubt, the human trait (特征) that sets us apart the most from the animal kingdom is our extraordinary brain. Humans don't have the largest brains in the world - those belong to sperm whales. We don't even have the largest brains 12          to body size - many birds have brains that make up more than 8% of their body weight, compared to only 2.5% for humans. Yet the human brain, which weighs about three pounds when fully grown, gives us the ability to 13          and think on our feet beyond the capabilities of the rest of the animal kingdom. It gave us the 14          of Einstein, Mozart and many other geniuses. ➢Language Many species communicate with vocal sounds. But language is a special form of communication. Full language, with rules for combining sounds into words, and words into sentences, probably originated at some point about 50.000 years ago. But we will probably never know 15          when and where language originated. Fossils, DNA evidence, comparisons with other animals, and studies of how languages change over time all provide clues, but spoken language itself leaves few 16         . It most likely evolved from a simpler form of communication. Chimpanzees use both gestures and vocal calls to communicate status and other complex 17          information. It is possible that our ancestors also expressed themselves first with gestures or simple words, then developed rules for linking them into sentences. ➢Learning from each other Our unique brains and dexterity (灵巧) of our hands maximizing use of tools possible, but we also rely on the cultural 18          of ideas. Culture is at the heart of being human. We put our heads together, we share ideas, and learn from each other, recognizing a past, a present, and a future. We learn from the past, 19          on this in the present, and expect the future. Without culture, each new generation would be forced to20          the wheel. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Could you eat your pet Guinea pig? In recent years, that question has become a classic example in cultural anthropology (人类学) classes that relate to the 21          nature of our attitudes towards food. Think about it. On one side of the great Guinea Pig Divide stand Andean cultures, who have long treated the furry creature as a nutritious source of food. On the other side are European and US cultures, where the animal is 22          considered a beloved pet. While western children would doubtlessly react with 23          to the idea of eating these little creatures, to some cultures in Ecuador and Peru it seems equally strange to cherish them as pets, 24         , how we treat guinea pigs is one of the many small ways in which we define our sense of what exactly is considered "exotic (异国风味的)". As any anthropology class will also teach you, 25          others as "exotic" or "weird", because of food or anything else, also makes it easier to demonise (妖魔化) them. However, there is another side to this. Culture can often be more 26          than we realise, particularly in a globalised age. Gideon Lasco, an anthropologist from the Philippines, has been studying the issue of how and why Andean cultures eat guinea pigs. His research starts by 27          that this food is a social divider not just between Andean cultures and the West, but also inside of countries such as Peru. Some Andean cultures have eaten guinea pigs, known as cuy, for centuries. But in recent decades, urban Peruvians have 28         , knowing that westerners view the practice in a negative light. More recently, however, notes Lasco, two striking 29          have emerged. First, some western tourists have started to view eating guinea-pig dishes as 30         . While globalisation has already brought dishes from around the world into western supermarkets, chopped guinea pig is not yet 31          in Walmart, hence its value as an "experience". Second, some educated Peruvian have also become more interested in defining and championing what makes them 32          in a globalized world by creating a new form of cuy cuisine in Lima. "As eating 'local' becomes more fashionable around the world, wealthier people have been 33          time-honored foods," Lasco writes. Those furry creatures are no longer just a sign of global 34          but of cultural flexibility. This may not, however, make western kids feel any better about the idea of their pets being cooked. But the issue should help them (and adults) to 35          that our assumptions need not be set in stone, or cages. 21. A. physical B. interactive C. local D. subjective 22. A. generally B. accordingly C. inadequately D. previously 23. A. delight B. relief C. horror D. understanding 24. A. In other words B. What's more C. Even so D. On the contrary 25. A. striking B. deleting C. helping D. labelling 26. A. difficult B. flexible C. relevant D. restricted 27. A. noting B. doubting C. demanding D. complaining 28. A. appeared B. stopped C. succeeded D. fainted 29. A. contrasts B. designs C. options D. trends 30. A. memorable B. stable C. reliable D. fashionable 31. A. out of stock B. on sale C. in need D. without delay 32. A. similar B. useful C. unique D. definite 33. A. reprocessing B. excluding C. rediscovering D. replacing 34. A. differences B. tendencies C. responsibilities D. competitions 35. A. pretend B. recognise C. imagine D. object Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） "Choose your friends wisely" may not only be good parental advice but also a way to do better in college, a research study finds. The group of three researchers put that advice to the test a Berea College, a small liberal arts school in Kentucky, by looking at how much friends actually influence study habits and grades, They found that students who befriended studious (勤奋的) peers spent more hours studying themselves and posted higher grades during their freshman year. "It's no fun to study by yourself," said Nirav Mehta, one of the study's authors, explaining the intuition behind the study. "If you want to goof off, and your friends are at the library, then you're going to go to the library, too. And while you're there, you're probably going to get same studying done too." Of course, it's possible that studious people gravitate toward other studious people. They might have hit the books and got as many A's no matter who their friends were. So the researchers checked to see if randomly assigned roommates also have a positive influence on study habits and grades. They found almost the same results: students who were assigned a studious roommate freshman year also studied more each day and had higher grade-point averages. Unfortunately, the opposite is also true, the researchers found. If you have friends and roommates who don't study a lot, you're likely to get dragged down by their poor habits, studying less and earning lower grades. Analyzing friends and study habits is usually difficult for researchers. But students at Berea College were asked to list their four best friends at the end of each semester and they kept careful daily logs of their time, including time spent studying. At the beginning of freshman year, the students were surveyed on their high school study habits. The researchers also had access to roommate assignments, high school grades and college grades. From this information, the economists calculated the average amount of time each student's college friends had reported studying in high school. They found that for every additional 10 hours a week that a student's friends had spent studying on average, the student's own study time in college would likely increase by almost 25 minutes a day, and the student's own GPA would likely rise by almost a tenth of a point during freshman year. 36. The phrase "goof off" (paragraph 3) most probably means ________. A. post higher grades B. choose your friends C. find out why you study D. be lazy about studying 37. Why did the researchers also study the randomly assigned roommates? A. To rule out a possibility. B. To figure out more study habits. C. To expand the scale of the study. D. To get more students to work hard. 38. To carry out their research, what information did the researchers collect from students at Berea College? A. How many studious fiends they have. B. How they comment on their friends' grades. C. how much time they spent studying each day. D. How they thought of their own college grades 39. What suggestion would the researchers most likely give college students? A. If you want to do well in study, you'd better pick a hardworking friend. B. If you want to get on well with your roommates, you'd better work bard. C. If you want to raise your GPA, you'd better keep track of your study time. D. If you want to have a happy freshman year, you'd better care less about peer effects. （B） Trains powered by human waste and deserted food will be introduced to Britain's railway for the first time under plans to eliminate dirty diesel (柴油机) engines gradually. A full-size "BioUltra" train capable of carrying 120 passengers is being developed as part of government-backed proposals to cut air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The lightweight, low-cost train will be fuelled using biomethane--a renewable gas made from orzanic waste--combined with a battery pack. It will run on existing lines but cause less damage to tracks because of the light frame, cutting maintenance bills. The BioUltra train is being developed by Ultra Light Rail Partners, a group of experts from the rail industry and Birmingham City University. The group has developed a l0-metre long, 12-tonne "mini-train" capable of carrying up to 60 people. It has been awarded a £60,000 grant from Innovate UK, the government agency, for a feasibility study into a full-size version. The new railcar will be 20 metres long with space for 62 passengers seated and 58 standing. It will weigh 20 tonnes without passengers, less than half that of a normal diesel. It will be propelled using locally produced biomethane, which is generated from waste from humans, pigs, and cows as well as plants and deserted food. It produces no nitrogen dioxide, the poisonous gas emitted from diesel engines, and results in a net reduction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The biomethane tanks beneath the middle of the railcar will power two 0.9-litre engines-each smaller than that on a typical car---at either end. Despite the fuel, it produces no smell or dangerous emissions, improving the experience of passengers and lineside residents. It will be almost silent and about three times as efficient as diesel. The train will have a top speed of 50mph and a range of 2,000 miles on a full tank. 40. Which of the following statements is true of a full-size "BioUltra" train? A. It is 10 metres long and weighs 12 tonnes. B. It can carry more passengers than a regular train. C. It can run faster and farther than its earlier version. D. It is powered by electricity generated from organic waste. 41. The picture (see right) illustrates a full-size "BioUra" train. The part labelled with ________ is the biomethane tanks. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 42. What is the passage mainly about? A. A renewable gas. B. An eco-friendly train. C. An original means of transport. D. A newly-built railway. （C） Like previous leaps in technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI) will make the economy more productive but will also probably hurt some workers whose skills have been devalued. But this time around, how quickly will these effects come about? History may provide an answer. Consider the effects of previous advances in computing. Gordon Moore was famous for his prediction that the number of transistors (晶体管) on a computer chip would double every two years. The consequences of Moore's Law are most obvious in the powerful computers and smartphones that almost everyone carries around these days. However, for at least two decades after Moore's Law kicked in, America suffered from a productivity slowdown. The boom kicked in only during the 1990s. Why did the advancement in computing power take so long to pay off for the economy? In 1990 the economic historian Paul David published "The Dynamo and the Computer." It drew a parallel between the effects of information technology and those of an earlier tech revolution, the electrification of industry. As David noted, electric motors became widely available in the 1890s. But to take full advantage of electrification, manufacturers had to rethink the design of factories. Pre-electric factories were multistory buildings with crowded working spaces, because that was necessary to make efficient use of a steam engine in the basement driving the machines in the production system. It took time to realize that having each machine driven by its own motor made it possible to have one-story factories with wide space allowing easy movement of materials. As a result, the big productivity gains from electrification didn't materialize until after World War I. Sure enough, as David, in effect, predicted, the economic payoff from information technology finally kicked in during the 1990s, as secretaries taking dictation finally gave way to cubicle (小隔间) offices. But this history still presents a few puzzles. One is why the first productivity boom from information technology was so short-lived; basically it lasted only around a decade. And even while it lasted, productivity growth during the IT boom was no higher than it was during the generation-long boom after World War II, which didn't seem to be driven by any new technology. In 1969 the management consultant Peter Drucker published "The Age of Discontinuity," whose title implies that the previous period of extraordinary economic growth was actually an age of continuity. Or to put it another way, the great boom from the 1940s to around 1970 seems to have been largely based on the use of technologies that had been around for decades, which should make us less confident in trying to use recent technological developments to predict economic growth. That's not to say that artificial intelligence won't have huge economic impacts. But history suggests that they won't come quickly. ChatGPT and whatever follows are probably an economic story for the 2030s, not for the next few years. 43. Why did the writer mention Gordon Moore and his famous prediction? A. To introduce one of the most accurate tech-related predictions. B. To highlight the productivity slowdown that America once suffered from. C. To imply that it will take a long time for AI to make an impact on economy. D. To describe a period in history that has greatly changed people's perception. 44. What can be inferred from Paul David's account of the electrification of industry? A. The design of workspace depends on the number of workers involved. B. Manufacturers are usually unwilling to put a technology into practice. C. Having a technology doesn't necessarily mean people know what to do with it. D. History shows that people tend to reject a new technology when it first emerges. 45. According to the passage, the reason for the generation-boom after World War II was that A. it took place after a terrible war B. it was based on old technologies C. it was driven by new technologies D. it took place during the age of discontinuity 46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Historical Patterns Suggest Huge Economic Impact of AI B. AI May Bring about Great Change, but Probably Not Too Quickly C. Artificial Intelligence and the Slow Pace of Economic Development D. The Economic Impact of Artificial Intelligence: Lessons from Economists Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. A combination of devices can make your home dangerous. B. Things get really weird when your home gets hijacked. C. So if you decide you need it, make sure you set up a strong password for it. D. The number one risk is invasion of privacy. E. It's difficult for the consumer to know which product is going to be good and which product is going to be bad. F. Are you willing to gamble your privacy for the sake of being able to turn something off and on remotely? Smart Home Security Many of us are buying smart home devices, but are we signing away our safety? Security expert Ken Munro reveals all. What risks come with smart gadgets? 47          If you've got smart cameras, or any device that's listening to you, there's a chance those can be hijacked (劫持) and you can get spied on. We [my company, Pen Test Partners] found bugs in in-house security cameras, baby monitors and smart home assistants. We looked at an interactive kids' doll that has a microphone and speaker, and connects to your phone via Bluetooth. When you connect to the doll there is no PIN, which means that anyone within Bluetooth range, 30, 40, 50 metres away, can connect. That means that someone outside on the street or in the next house can listen to the microphone and spy on your kids, and can talk to them as well. 48          We showed, a few years ago, the very first case of ransomware (勒索软件) being loaded onto a smart thermostat (恒温器). It's all about a loss of control. You lost control of your heating system, so what? But what if that was your car? What if that was a life support system? That's where things get scary. What if it's your smart door locks and you can't get in or out of your own house? How can we protect ourselves? First of all, when buying a product, ask yourself if you need it. 49          There are some fantastic smart products out there that, for example, allow you to be more efficient with your energy. 50          And don't use the one you use somewhere else. Write it down somewhere privately, or use a tool called a password manager that does it all for you. Lastly, keep everything up to date. When updates come out for your computer, your phone, or your apps, they're there to fix security bugs, so if you don't apply them, your product is becoming easier to attack. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Leave your plastic wrapping at the tills, urges BBC presenter A television wildlife presenter takes all the plastic off her shopping and leaves it at supermarket tills (收银台) to highlight the overuse of packaging. Liz Bonnin, a biologist who presented the BBC One documentary Drowning ins Plastic, makes a point of leaving the packaging behind every time she shops so that retailers (零售店) are full of plastic bags and encouraged to change how they pack products. She has also given up using plastic products and will only drink coffee if it is in a reusable cup. In an interview with Saga magazine, Bonnin, 44, said that if people changed their habits they could force retailers to change their ways. "Supermarkets are obliged to take plastic wrapping from customers," she said, "If retailers get covered with all our plastic packaging, they will implement change. We have to change our habits, I will never again buy water in a plastic bottle." Britain's supermarkets produce more than 59 billion pieces of plastic packaging a year, a Greenpeace report found. Bonnin said that most plastics found in the ocean are ingested by species and enter our food chain. Scientists are increasingly concerned about the impact this has on humans. Bonnin started her career at the Irish broadcaster RTE before presenting science and natural history programmes for the BBC, including Big Blue Live and Bang Goes the Theory. "I wish I could be presenting nothing but beautiful programmes about animals, but instead I'm presenting hard-hitting environmental films," she said. "We have no more time." People's focus on "financial gain and economic growth" has pushed us into an unsustainable society, she believes. She said: "The three biggest environmental threats are plastic pollution, climate change and biodiversity loss. They are all interconnected and share the same root cause: our appetite for consumption." IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这家咖啡馆让我想起了二十世纪五六十年代的茶馆。(remind) 53. 最大挑战可能在于如何重塑员工对公司的信心。(lie) 54. 这位教练既对孩子们要求严格，不遗余力地呵护着他们对足球的热爱。(effort) 55. 50年前，这里还是人迹罕至的海滩，与今天的游人如此迥然不同。(contrast) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校即将在下周举行体育节，委托学校英语报征求全校同学对本次体育节主题的建议。写一篇文章投稿，内容须包括： 1）你对体育节主题的建议； 2）你的理由。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高三年级英语学科12月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. needed 2. wearing 3. were attached 4. is 5. to 6. to see 7. if/whether 8. that 9. As 10. a Section B 11. G 12. E 13. C 14. K 15. B 16. I 17. F 18. J 19. A 20. D II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. D 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. B Section B 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. A 40. D 41. A 42. B 43. C 44. C 45. B 46. B Section C 47. D 48. B 49. F 50. C III. Summary Writing 51. Liz Bonnin, a BBC presenter, leaves her plastic packaging at the retailers to reveal the overuse of plastics. She no longer uses plastic products, believing we can make a difference by changing our habits. Plastics are dangerous to the environment and our health. Liz maintains that our environment is in greater danger, for which humans’ desire is to blame. IV. Translation 52. This cafe reminds me of the teahouses in the 1950s and 1960s. 53. The biggest challenge may lie in how to rebuild employees’ confidence in the company. 54. The coach is not only strict with the children, but also spares no effort to protect their love for football. 55. Fifty years ago, this area was a beach rarely visited by tourists, forming a sharp contrast to the present scene of so many tourists. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Editors, I am writing to share my suggestion for the upcoming school sports day theme. As a student who enjoys participating in sports activities, I believe that the theme should focus on promoting teamwork and sportsmanship. My suggestion for the theme of the sports day is "Together We Achieve". This theme emphasizes the importance of teamwork in sports and how it can lead to success both on and off the field. It also highlights the value of sportsmanship, which is essential in building a healthy and supportive school community. I believe that this theme is an excellent choice for several reasons. Firstly, it encourages students to work together towards a common goal, which can foster a sense of unity and collaboration among students. Secondly, it promotes the development of important skills such as communication, problem-solving, and leadership. Finally, it emphasizes the value of good sportsmanship, which is an essential part of any healthy and successful team. In conclusion, I strongly believe that the "Together We Achieve" theme would be an excellent choice for the school sports day. It not only promotes teamwork and sportsmanship but also encourages the development of important life skills. I hope that my suggestion will be taken into consideration, and I look forward to a successful and enjoyable sports day. Sincerely, Li Ming 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $