Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land（知识清单）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. set off 出发；启程 2. take in 吸收；理解；领会；欣赏 3. in the distance 在远处 4. go through 穿过；经历；浏览 5. catch sight of 看见；发现 6. settle down 定居；平静下来；专心于 7. manage to do 设法做成某事 8. be surrounded by 被……包围 9. glance through 匆匆浏览；粗略翻阅 10. be home to 是……的栖息地；是……的家园 11. take one's breath away 令人惊叹 二、写作词汇： 1. describe...as... 把……描述为…… 2. be impressed by 对……印象深刻 3. in detail 详细地 4. take a trip 去旅行 5. share...with... 与……分享…… 6. express one’s feelings 表达某人的情感 7. be fascinated by 被……吸引；迷恋…… 8. look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事 9. speed along 沿着……快速前进 10. experience different cultures 体验不同的文化 11. owe it to oneself to do sth. 认为自己有必要/应该做某事 12. at dusk 在黄昏时分 三、词汇变形： 1. vast adj. 广袤的；巨大的→vastly adv. 极大地；广阔地 2. distance n. 距离；远方→distant adj. 遥远的；久远的 3. surround v. 包围；环绕→surroundings n. 环境→surrounded adj. 被包围的 4. impress v. 使印象深刻→impression n. 印象→impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的 5. fascinate v. 使着迷；使神魂颠倒→fascination n. 魅力；迷恋→fascinating adj. 迷人的；极有吸引力的 6. describe v. 描述；形容→description n. 描述；描写 7. settle v. 定居；解决→settlement n. 定居点；解决→settler n. 移民；定居者 8. manage v. 管理；设法做成→manager n. 经理；管理者→management n. 管理；经营 9. explore v. 探索；勘探→explorer n. 探险家→exploration n. 探索；探究 10. beauty n. 美丽；美景→beautiful adj. 美丽的→beautifully adv. 美丽地；出色地 四、拓展词汇 1. prairie n. 大草原；牧场 2. mountain range n. 山脉 3. canyon n. 峡谷 4. landscape n. 风景；地貌 5. grizzly bear 灰熊 6. Canadian Rockies 加拿大落基山脉 7. skyscrapers 摩天大楼 五、熟词生义 1. land n. 陆地；土地→land v. 着陆；登陆 2. sight n. 视力；景象→sight v. 看见；发现 3. run v. 跑；奔跑→run v. 延伸；延续；经营 4. light adj. 轻的；明亮的→light n. 光线；光亮→light v. 照亮；点燃 5. clear adj. 清晰的；晴朗的→clear v. 清除；使清晰；放晴 6. coach n. 教练 coach n. 长途汽车；旅客车厢 7. proceed v. 继续进行 proceed v. 接着做；继续前往 8. highlight v. 强调 highlight n. 最精彩的部分 写作 句型 1. It was not until we reached the mountains that we realized how beautiful the scenery was. (It was not until...that... 强调句P42) 直到我们到达山区，我们才意识到那里的风景有多美。 2. What impressed me most during the trip was the vast prairie stretching as far as the eye could see. (主语从句P43) 旅行中给我印象最深的是那片一望无际的广袤大草原。 3. While we were traveling through the canyon, we caught sight of a beautiful waterfall in the distance. (时间状语从句P44) 当我们穿过峡谷时，我们看到了远处一处美丽的瀑布。 4. Having set off early in the morning, we managed to reach the destination before sunset. (现在分词完成式作状语P45) 因为一大早出发，我们设法在日落前到达了目的地。 5. The small town, which is surrounded by green mountains and clear lakes, is home to many friendly locals. (非限制性定语从句P46) 这个被青山绿水环绕的小镇，是许多友善当地人的家园。 语法 过去分词作表语和状语(与动词－ing形式的比较) 写作 写一篇旅行日记，记录一次长途旅行的经历，描述沿途的风景，表达自己的感受，结合课文重点词汇和句型。 一、知识点精讲 1. vast adj. 广袤的；巨大的；大量的 【词汇拓展】 ·vastly adv. 极大地；广阔地；深远地 ·vastness n. [U] 广袤；巨大；浩瀚 【固定短语】 ·a vast land 一片广袤的土地 ·a vast amount of 大量的（后接不可数名词） ·a vast number of 大量的（后接可数名词复数） 【例句】 ①The travelers were shocked by the vast prairie stretching as far as the eye could see. 译文：旅行者们被这片一望无际的广袤大草原震撼了。 ②There is a vast amount of natural scenery in the mountainous area. 译文：山区有大量的自然风光。 ③The population of the country has increased vastly in the past decade. 译文：过去十年间，这个国家的人口大幅增长。 【易混辨析】 vast：侧重面积、范围、数量的“广袤、巨大”，常修饰土地、草原、数量等 huge：侧重体积、规模的“巨大”，可修饰具体事物或抽象概念 enormous：侧重程度、数量的“极大”，语气比 huge 更强 2. distance n. 距离；远方；疏远 v. 与……保持距离 【词汇拓展】 ·distant adj. 遥远的；久远的；冷淡的 ·distantly adv. 遥远地；冷淡地 【固定短语】 ·in the distance 在远处 ·at a distance 隔一段距离；从远处 ·keep one’s distance from 与……保持距离 ·distance oneself from 与……划清界限；疏远 【例句】 ①We caught sight of a beautiful waterfall in the distance. 译文：我们看到了远处一处美丽的瀑布。 ②It’s wise to keep a distance from strangers in the wild. 译文：在野外与陌生人保持距离是明智的。 ③She distanced herself from the controversial issue. 译文：她与这个有争议的问题划清了界限。 3. surround v. 包围；环绕；围绕 【词汇拓展】 ·surroundings n. [pl.] 环境；周围的事物 ·surrounded adj. 被包围的；被环绕的 ·surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的 【固定短语】 ·be surrounded by/with 被……包围/环绕 ·surround oneself with 与……为伍；身边围绕着 【例句】 ①The small town is surrounded by green mountains and clear lakes. 译文：这个小镇被青山绿水环绕。 ②She likes to surround herself with positive and energetic people. 译文：她喜欢让自己身边围绕着积极向上、精力充沛的人。 ③We should protect the natural surroundings around us. 译文：我们应该保护身边的自然环境。 4. impress v. 使印象深刻；使铭记；给……留下印象 【词汇拓展】 ·impression n. [C,U] 印象；感想；印记 ·impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的；引人注目的 ·impressed adj. 印象深刻的；被打动的 【固定短语】 ·impress sb. with sth. 用某事给某人留下印象 ·impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某事；让某人牢记某事 ·be impressed by/with 对……印象深刻 ·make a deep impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象 【例句】 ①The unique scenery impressed all the travelers deeply. 译文：独特的风景给所有旅行者留下了深刻的印象。 ②Teachers always impress the importance of safety on their students. 译文：老师们总是让学生牢记安全的重要性。 ③We were impressed by his courage and determination. 译文：我们对他的勇气和决心印象深刻。 5. set off 出发；启程；动身；使爆炸 【词汇拓展】（同根短语拓展） ·set out 出发；动身；着手做（set out to do sth.） ·set up 建立；设立；搭建 ·set aside 留出；拨出；把……放在一边 ·set down 记下；写下；放下 【固定短语】 ·set off for sp. 动身前往某地 ·set off fireworks 燃放烟花 【例句】 ①We set off early in the morning to avoid the heavy traffic. 译文：我们一大早就出发，以避开交通拥堵。 ②They set off for the mountain village to experience local life. 译文：他们动身前往山村，体验当地生活。 ③Children like to set off fireworks during the Spring Festival. 译文：孩子们喜欢在春节期间燃放烟花。 6. take in 吸收；理解；领会；欣赏；收留；欺骗 【词汇拓展】（同根短语拓展） ·take up 占据（时间、空间）；开始从事；拿起 ·take over 接管；接收 ·take down 记下；拆除；拿下 ·take on 承担；呈现；雇佣 【固定短语】 ·take in the scenery 欣赏风景 ·take in knowledge 吸收知识 ·take in a homeless person 收留一个无家可归的人 【例句】 ①We stopped to take in the beautiful scenery along the way. 译文：我们停下来欣赏沿途的美丽风景。 ②It took me a long time to take in what the teacher said. 译文：我花了很长时间才理解老师说的话。 ③The small town takes in many tourists every year. 译文：这个小镇每年都会接纳许多游客。 7. catch sight of 看见；发现；瞥见 【词汇拓展】（sight 相关短语） ·lose sight of 看不见；忽略；忘记 ·at first sight 乍一看；初见 ·out of sight 看不见；在视野之外 ·come into sight 进入视野；出现 【固定短语】 ·catch sight of sb./sth. 看见某人/某物 ·catch a sight of 瞥见（强调动作短暂） 【例句】 ①I caught sight of a rare bird in the forest. 译文：我在森林里发现了一只稀有鸟类。 ②She caught sight of her old friend in the crowd. 译文：她在人群中瞥见了她的老朋友。 ③We should not lose sight of our original goal. 译文：我们不应该忘记自己最初的目标。 8. settle down 定居；平静下来；专心于；安下心来 【词汇拓展】 ·settle v. 定居；解决；安排；安放 ·settlement n. [C,U] 定居点；解决；协议 ·settler n. [C] 移民；定居者 【固定短语】 ·settle down in sp. 在某地定居 ·settle down to do sth. 安下心来做某事 ·settle down to sth. 专心于某事（to 为介词） ·settle a problem 解决一个问题 【例句】 ①After years of traveling, he finally decided to settle down in a quiet small town. 译文：经过多年的旅行，他最终决定在一个安静的小镇定居。 ②Please settle down and listen to the teacher carefully. 译文：请安静下来，认真听老师讲课。 ③She settled down to her study after finishing the housework. 译文：做完家务后，她专心于自己的学习。 二、核心语法精讲——过去分词作表语和状语（与动词-ing 形式的比较） 过去分词作表语 【语法讲解】 1. 过去分词作表语时，位于系动词（be, feel, seem, look, get, become 等）之后，说明主语的状态或感受，表“被动”或“完成”。 2. 与动词-ing 形式作表语的区别： ·过去分词作表语：主语多为人，表“感到……的”，侧重主语的感受或状态（被动/完成）； ·动词-ing 形式作表语：主语多为物，表“令人……的”，侧重事物的性质或特征（主动/进行）。 【例句】 1. The travelers were shocked by the vast prairie stretching as far as the eye could see. 译文：旅行者们被这片一望无际的广袤大草原震撼了。 2. The scenery along the journey is fascinating and attracts many visitors every year. 译文：沿途的风景十分迷人，每年吸引许多游客前来。 3. We felt impressed by the local people’s enthusiasm during the trip. 译文：旅行中，我们对当地人的热情印象深刻。 4. The story about the settlers is moving and makes us cherish the present life. 译文：关于移民者的故事很感人，让我们更加珍惜当下的生活。 5. After the long journey, the travelers were tired but happy. 译文：长途旅行结束后，旅行者们虽然疲惫，但内心充满喜悦。 过去分词作状语 【语法讲解】 1. 过去分词作状语时，修饰主句的谓语动词，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等，逻辑主语为主句的主语，表“被动”或“完成”。 2. 与动词-ing 形式作状语的区别： ·过去分词作状语：逻辑主语与分词动作之间是被动关系（主语是动作的承受者）； ·动词-ing 形式作状语：逻辑主语与分词动作之间是主动关系（主语是动作的执行者）。 3. 常用结构：过去分词短语置于句首或句末，可与相应的状语从句转换。 （一）作时间状语 【例句】 1. Seen from the top of the mountain, the vast land looks more beautiful. 译文：从山顶望去，这片广袤的土地看起来更加美丽。 （转换为状语从句：When it is seen from the top of the mountain, the vast land looks more beautiful.） 2. Shocked by the beautiful scenery, the travelers stopped to take photos. 译文：被美丽的风景震撼后，旅行者们停下来拍照。 （转换为状语从句：After they were shocked by the beautiful scenery, the travelers stopped to take photos.） 3. Having traveled across the vast land, we gained a lot of unforgettable experiences. 译文：穿越这片广袤的土地后，我们收获了许多难忘的经历。 （二）作原因状语 【例句】 1. Attracted by the local culture, many travelers choose to stay in the small town for a few more days. 译文：被当地文化吸引，许多旅行者选择在小镇多停留几天。 （转换为状语从句：Because they are attracted by the local culture, many travelers choose to stay in the small town for a few more days.） 2. Surrounded by green mountains and clear lakes, the small town is a perfect place for vacation. 译文：被青山绿水环绕，这个小镇是度假的理想之地。 3. Moved by the settlers’ stories, we decided to learn more about their history. 译文：被移民者的故事打动，我们决定更多地了解他们的历史。 （三）作条件状语 【例句】 1. Given enough time, we can explore more beautiful scenery in the vast land. 译文：如果有足够的时间，我们可以在这片广袤的土地上探索更多美丽的风景。 （转换为状语从句：If we are given enough time, we can explore more beautiful scenery in the vast land.） 2. Prepared well, the travelers set off for the mountain village confidently. 译文：准备充分后，旅行者们自信地动身前往山村。 （四）作伴随状语 【例句】 1. The travelers walked along the path, followed by a local guide. 译文：旅行者们沿着小路行走，身后跟着一位当地导游。 2. She sat by the window, lost in the beautiful scenery outside. 译文：她坐在窗边，沉浸在窗外美丽的风景中。 3. The old man stood there, surrounded by his grandchildren, and shared stories about his journey. 译文：老人站在那里，身边围着孙子孙女，分享着他旅行的故事。 （五）作让步状语 【例句】 1. Tired as they were, the travelers continued to move forward to catch the beautiful sunset. 译文：尽管已经疲惫不堪，旅行者们还是继续前行，想要捕捉美丽的日落。 2. Shocked by the bad weather, they didn’t give up their plan to explore the canyon. 译文：尽管被恶劣的天气震撼，他们并没有放弃探索峡谷的计划。 核心区别总结（过去分词 vs 动词-ing 形式） 1. 作表语： ·过去分词（-ed）：人作主语，表“感到……的”（被动/感受）；例：The travelers were satisfied with the trip. ·动词-ing 形式（-ing）：物作主语，表“令人……的”（主动/特征）；例：The trip is satisfying for everyone. 2. 作状语： ·过去分词（-ed）：逻辑主语与动作是被动关系；例：Invited by the locals, we attended their traditional festival. ·动词-ing 形式（-ing）：逻辑主语与动作是主动关系；例：Walking along the lake, we enjoyed the beautiful scenery. · 易错提醒： 1. 避免混淆主被动关系：判断逻辑主语与分词动作的关系是关键，主动用-ing，被动用-ed。 2. 过去分词作状语时，不可省略逻辑主语，且逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。 3. 表情感的过去分词（如 shocked, impressed, tired）作表语时，主语通常为人；对应的-ing 形式（如 shocking, impressive, tiring）作表语时，主语通常为物。 三、单元写作清单 【话题分析】 本话题围绕“长途旅行”展开，要求以旅行日记的形式，记录旅行经历、描述沿途自然风光，表达旅行中的感受与收获。 核心考查要点包括： 1. 运用本单元重点词汇（如 vast, distance, surround 等）和短语（如 set off, take in, catch sight of 等）； 2. 结合过去分词作表语、状语等语法点； 3. 清晰呈现旅行的时间、地点、过程，突出风景描写和情感表达，语言流畅、逻辑清晰，符合日记的文体特征。 【写作框架】 旅行日记属于记叙文范畴，采用第一人称视角，按“旅行前—旅行中—旅行后”的时间线展开，具体框架如下： 1. 开头（旅行前）：交代旅行的时间、目的地、出发缘由，运用 set off, make a plan for 等短语，引出旅行期待。 2. 主体（旅行中）：详细描述沿途的自然风光（如 prairie, mountain range, waterfall 等），运用 take in, catch sight of 等短语，结合过去分词作状语等语法点，穿插个人感受。 3. 结尾（旅行后）：总结旅行的收获与感悟，表达对旅行的留恋或对自然的赞美，呼应开头，升华主题。 文体要求：语言生动、简洁，可适当运用描写性词汇，日记格式规范（开头注明日期、星期、天气）。 【写作素材】 · 核心词汇： 1. 名词：vast land, prairie, mountain range, waterfall, canyon, scenery, landscape, journal, traveler 2. 形容词：vast, distant, fascinating, impressive, surrounded, tired, happy 3. 动词：set off, take in, catch sight of, settle down, impress, surround, explore · 重点句型： 1. 过去分词作状语：Seen from the top of the mountain, the vast land looks more beautiful. 2. 主语从句：What impressed me most during the trip was the vast prairie. 3. 固定短语句型：We set off early in the morning to avoid the heavy traffic. 4. 伴随状语句型：The travelers walked along the path, followed by a local guide. 5. 情感表达句型：We were deeply impressed by the beautiful scenery and local enthusiasm. · 风景描写素材： 1. 草原：The vast prairie stretches as far as the eye can see, with green grass waving in the wind. 2. 山脉：Tall mountain ranges stand in the distance, covered with green trees. 3. 瀑布：A beautiful waterfall falls from the mountain, making a loud but pleasant sound. 4. 小镇：The small town is surrounded by green mountains and clear lakes, quiet and beautiful. 【范文背诵】 范文一（旅行日记，98词） Saturday, August 3 Cloudy My friend and I made a plan to explore the mountain valley near our city. Surrounded by towering peaks, the valley was quiet and peaceful. We walked along a clear stream, with birds singing overhead. Later, we climbed to the top of a hill, where we caught sight of a beautiful waterfall falling down the rocks. The view was so breathtaking that we couldn’t help taking photos. Tired but thrilled, we sat down to rest and enjoyed the fresh air. This trip reminded me that nature is the best healer for a tired soul. 范文二（旅行日记，107词） Friday, July 20 Sunny Today I set off on a train journey across the vast prairie with my family. Seen from the window, the endless grassland stretched like a green ocean, with wildflowers waving in the wind. We caught sight of a herd of deer drinking by a small lake, which was truly fascinating. What impressed me most was the sunset over the prairie. The whole sky turned golden and pink, making everything peaceful and dreamlike. Tired but happy, I settled down in my seat and wrote this journal. This journey has not only broadened my horizons but also taught me to appreciate the beauty of nature. 易错点01 set off 与 set out 用法混淆（含固定搭配误用） 【一句话辨异】 We set off early in the morning and set out to explore the vast prairie as soon as we arrived. 我们一大早就出发，到达后立刻着手探索这片广袤的大草原。 【错因辨析】 1. 二者均有“出发”之意，但搭配和侧重不同，是单元单选、完形填空高频考点： ① set off：侧重“动身、启程”，后接 for + 地点（set off for sp.），也可表示“使爆炸”； ② set out：侧重“出发、着手做”，后接 to do sth（set out to do sth），表“开始做某事”。 2. 核心禁忌：不可混淆搭配，不能写 set off to do 或 set out for doing。 3. 高频错句对比： ❌ We set out for the prairie to explore.（搭配冗余，set out 后直接接 to do 即可） ❌ They set off exploring the canyon.（搭配错误） ✅ We set off for the prairie early.（正确） ✅ They set out to explore the canyon.（正确） 【助记口诀】 set off 接地点，动身启程去远方；set out 接 to do，着手做事不含糊。 【对点训练】 1. We ______ for the mountain village at 6 a.m. to avoid the heavy traffic. A. set out B. set off C. set up 2. The travelers ______ to take in the beautiful scenery along the way. A. set off B. set out C. set aside 答案：1.B 2.B 解析： 1. 后接 for + 地点，表“动身前往”，用 set off；set up 意为“建立”，不符合语境。 2. 后接 to do sth，表“着手做、出发去做”，用 set out。 易错点02 take in 多义短语辨析及搭配误用 【一句话辨异】 When we reached the top of the mountain, we took in the beautiful scenery and tried to take in what the guide said. 到达山顶后，我们欣赏了美丽的风景，并努力理解导游说的话。 【错因辨析】 1. take in 为单元高频多义短语，不同语境含义不同，易混淆误用，是完形、阅读高频考点： ① 表“欣赏、领略”（接 scenery, view 等）；② 表“理解、领会”（接话语、知识等）；③ 表“收留、接纳”；④ 表“欺骗”。 2. 核心禁忌：不可脱离语境判断含义，尤其在完形填空中，易因忽略语境选错含义。 3. 高频错句对比： ❌ He was taken in the beautiful prairie.（搭配错误，缺少介词 by，表“被吸引”需用 be taken in by） ❌ I couldn’t take in the fresh air in the forest.（语境不符，take in 不表“呼吸”，可改为 breathe in） ✅ He was taken in by the beautiful scenery.（正确，表“被吸引”） ✅ It took me a long time to take in his words.（正确，表“理解”） 【助记口诀】 take in 含义多，欣赏风景领会说；收留欺骗别混淆，语境分析是关键。 【对点训练】 The old couple ______ a homeless traveler when they were traveling across the vast land. A. took in B. took up C. took over 答案：A 解析：句意为“这对老夫妇在穿越广袤土地时，收留了一位无家可归的旅行者”。take in 表“收留”；take up 表“占据、开始从事”；take over 表“接管”，故选 A。 易错点03 过去分词作状语与动词-ing 形式作状语混用 【一句话辨异】 Surrounded by green mountains, the small town looks beautiful; walking along the lake, we enjoyed the peaceful view. 被青山环绕，这座小镇看起来很美；沿着湖边行走，我们欣赏着宁静的景色。 【错因辨析】 1. 二者均为单元核心语法，逻辑主语与分词动作的关系判断错误是主要错因，是语法填空、短文改错高频考点： ① 过去分词作状语：逻辑主语与分词动作是被动关系（主语是动作的承受者）； ② 动词-ing 形式作状语：逻辑主语与分词动作是主动关系（主语是动作的执行者）。 2. 核心禁忌：忽略主被动关系，盲目使用分词形式。 3. 高频错句对比： ❌ Seeing from the top of the mountain, the vast land looks amazing.（逻辑主语 land 与 see 是被动关系，应用 Seen） ❌ Surrounding by the lake, the park is a good place to relax.（逻辑主语 park 与 surround 是被动关系，应用 Surrounded） ✅ Seen from the top of the mountain, the vast land looks amazing.（正确） ✅ Surrounding the lake, the trees provide shade for travelers.（正确，trees 与 surround 是主动关系） 【助记口诀】 分词作状看关系，主动 ing 被动 ed；逻辑主语要找准，语法填空不丢分。 【对点训练】 ______ by the fascinating scenery, many travelers choose to stay for a few more days. A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To attract 答案：B 解析：逻辑主语 travelers 与 attract 是被动关系（被风景吸引），应用过去分词作原因状语；To attract 表目的，不符合语境，故选 B。 易错点04 impress 相关短语搭配及词性混用 【一句话辨异】 The impressive scenery impressed us deeply, and we were impressed with the local people’s enthusiasm. 令人印象深刻的风景给我们留下了深刻的印象，我们对当地人的热情印象深刻。 【错因辨析】 1. impress 为单元核心动词，其派生词（impressive, impressed）及固定搭配易混淆，是单选、写作高频考点： ① impress v. 使印象深刻，搭配：impress sb. with sth. / impress sth. on sb.； ② impressed adj. 印象深刻的，搭配：be impressed by/with sth.（人作主语）； ③ impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的（物作主语）。 2. 核心禁忌：混淆 impressed 与 impressive 的主语，搭配介词误用。 3. 高频错句对比： ❌ The scenery was impressed to us.（搭配错误，应用 impressed us 或 we were impressed by the scenery） ❌ We were impressive with the waterfall.（形容词误用，人作主语应用 impressed） ✅ The scenery impressed us deeply.（正确） ✅ We were impressed with the waterfall.（正确） 【助记口诀】 impress 动词表“使印象深”，人用 impressed 物用 impressive；by/with 搭配要记牢，写作单选错不了。 【对点训练】 We were deeply ______ by the ______ landscape during the trip. A. impressed; impressive B. impressive; impressed C. impressing; impressive 答案：A 解析：第一空人作主语，表“印象深刻的”，用 impressed；第二空修饰物 landscape，表“令人印象深刻的”，用 impressive，故选 A。 一、单句语法填空 1．_________ (enrol) at a famous university, he gave up the idea of working. 2．His concern for his mother is most _________ (touch)． 3．When _________ (ask) what their favourite food is, more British people say an Indian curry than any other dish! 4．He felt _________ (depress) and in a confused state of mind. 5．When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, _________ (tell) me stories till I fell asleep. 【答案】1. Enrolled 2. touching 3. asked 4. depressed 5. telling 二、根据所给汉语，完成下列句子 1．长久以来，越来越多的科学家一直在研究材料。 __________________________ have been studying materials since a long time ago. 2．100多个国家都踢足球，这使它成为世界上最受欢迎的运动之一。 Football is played in over 100 countries, which makes it _____________________ in the world. 3．教授的话给这个年轻人留下了深刻的印象。 The young man __________________________ what the professor said. 【答案】 1. A growing number of scientists 2. one of the most popular games 3. was impressed by 三、语法填空 （25-26高一下·四川乐山·期末）阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jinyun shaobing (缙云烧饼), a common Chinese bread, comes from Jinyun County in Zhejiang Province. Its 1 (tradition) filling, combining fresh meat with locally dried vegetables, 2 (create) a wonderful taste. Therefore, it has gained international popularity over the years and it is named 3 one of the world’s best breads. To many foreigners, shaobing may sound like a single product. 4 in reality, its types vary widely from place to place in China, both in preparation and in the way they 5 (consume). For example, people enjoy Beijing shaobing with meat in it while in Xinjiang, shaobing, 6 (know) as Naan (馕), is eaten with yogurt or tea. In such a broad shaobing culture, Jinyun shaobing wins people’s hearts not only for the taste but also for stories dating back to several 7 (century) ago. Local stories say it started in ancient times, 8 early settlers made shaobing using clean fresh water from mountains. For generations, 9 (sell) shaobing helped many families to make a living. Today, Jinyun shaobing is a national-level intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) and it has become one of 10 symbols of Chinese food culture, spreading its taste and its stories. 【答案】 1．traditional 2．creates 3．as 4．But 5．are consumed 6．known 7．centuries 8．when 9．selling 10．the 【导语】文章介绍了浙江缙云烧饼的传统馅料、国际声誉、各地不同吃法及其文化传承意义。 【详解】1．考查形容词。句意：其传统馅料将鲜肉与当地干菜相结合，创造出美妙的口感。提示词tradition(传统)在句中修饰名词filling，应用形容词形式traditional(传统的)作定语。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：其传统馅料将鲜肉与当地干菜相结合，创造出美妙的口感。create(创造)是谓语动词，与主语Its traditional filling之间是主动关系；句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式creates。 3．考查介词。句意：因此，多年来它获得了国际声誉，并被命名为世界最佳面包之一。be named as为固定搭配，意为“被命名为，被称作”。 4．考查连词。句意：但实际上，在中国各地其种类差异很大。前文提到“可能听起来像单一产品”，后文指出“实际差异很大”，前后为转折关系，应用并列连词but连接，句首单词首字母大写。 5．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：但实际上，在中国各地其种类差异很大，无论是制作方式还是食用方式。consume(食用)是定语从句的谓语动词，与主语they之间是被动关系；句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语是复数代词，谓语用复数形式are consumed。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，北京人喜欢夹肉的烧饼，而在新疆，烧饼被称为馕，与酸奶或茶一起食用。此处作后置定语，know(将……称为)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语shaobing之间是被动关系，应用过去分词短语作后置定语。 7．考查名词复数。句意：在如此广泛的烧饼文化中，缙云烧饼不仅以其口味赢得人心，还因其可追溯到几个世纪前的故事而受到喜爱。century(世纪)是可数名词，其前有several修饰，应用复数形式。 8．考查定语从句。句意：当地传说称它始于古代，当时早期定居者用山上干净的淡水制作烧饼。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ancient times，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导该从句。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：几代人以来，卖烧饼帮助许多家庭谋生。此处作主语，用动名词短语selling shaobing，表示“卖烧饼”这件事。 10．考查冠词。句意：如今，缙云烧饼是国家级非物质文化遗产，并已成为中国饮食文化的象征之一。根据后置定语“of Chinese food culture”可知，symbols特指“中国饮食文化的象征”，用定冠词the限定。 四、阅读理解 A （23-24高二下·广东深圳·期末）In the domain of gastronomy, one can effortlessly create a quartet of nourishing and palatable recipes, which are both healthful and delectable, within the sanctuary of one’s domicile. Lemon Pudding Should you aspire to inaugurate your day with an incandescent grin, this opulent, saccharine, and pungent concoction will assuredly serve your purpose. It exquisitely amalgamates the piquant essence of the lemon with the nectar of the bee. Given the simplicity with which this culinary delight can be prepared, coupled with its delightful flavor and a plethora of healthful properties, this delicacy makes an exemplary dessert to be incorporated into your morning menu. Curried Chicken Soup In the alchemy of this particular recipe, the fowl is immersed in an olfactorily pleasing broth, enriched with dairy and the sweetness of the batata. To concoct this soup, one must gather a medley of ingredients including curry powder, the fruit of the love apple, succulent poultry, vintage grape nectar, dairy from a cow, and the lacteal fluid of a mammal. Permit yourself the indulgence of this gratifying repast as a token of appreciation for the protracted periods of onerous toil. Orange Carrot Smoothie Equip yourself with a salutary draught to commence your day. The Orange Carrot Smoothie, a recipe that demands minimal effort in its creation, yields a sumptuous and frosty elixir that imparts a delightful flavor, inciting a desire for more. The vivacious zest of the orange ensures a day brimming with cheer, while the flavor of the carrot seamlessly infuses a unique sweetness of the vegetable kingdom, crafting a distinctive and palatable morning beverage. Boiled Egg Toast with Butter For those who relish uncomplicated yet flavor-intense and wholesome repasts, this toast presents itself as the paragon of choice. Elevate the simplicity of your egg toast to new heights by the addition of butter. This recipe harmonizes a symphony of flavors that will undoubtedly satiate your cravings. Whether partaken at the dawn, midday, or dusk, this toast exemplifies the epitome of a satisfying meal, transforming the act of eating into an experience of unparalleled delight. 1．What do we know about lemon pudding? A．It makes you smile the whole day. B．It has the taste of lemon and honey. C．It is hard to prepare at home. D．It is a great addition to your supper menu. 2．Of the following recipes, which is the best choice after tiring work? A．Lemon pudding. B．Orange carrot smoothie. C．Curried chicken soup. D．Boiled egg toast with butter. 3．What is special about boiled egg toast with butter? A．It includes some butter. B．It is simple and healthy. C．It benefits our health. D．It is suitable for 3 meals a day. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种食谱。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段Lemon Pudding(柠檬布丁)的描述中“It exquisitely amalgamates the piquant essence of the lemon with the nectar of the bee.(它巧妙地将柠檬的辛辣精华与蜜蜂的花蜜混合在一起)”可知，柠檬布丁有柠檬和蜂蜜的味道。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段Curried Chicken Soup(咖喱鸡汤)的描述中“Permit yourself the indulgence of this gratifying repast as a token of appreciation for the protracted periods of onerous toil.(允许自己尽情享受这顿令人愉悦的晚餐，作为对长期繁重劳动的感谢)”可知，咖喱鸡汤是劳累工作后的最佳选择。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Whether partaken at the dawn, midday, or dusk, this toast exemplifies the epitome of a satisfying meal, transforming the act of eating into an experience of unparalleled delight.(无论是在黎明、中午还是黄昏，这种祝酒都是一顿令人满意的饭的缩影，把吃的行为变成了一种无与伦比的快乐体验)”可知，煮鸡蛋加黄油吐司的特别之处是适合一日三餐。故选D。 B （25-26高二下·江西上饶·期末）Dear Li Na, I’m really glad to receive your e-mail. You said you were learning to cook. Is it interesting? I think if you want to keep healthy, food is very important. You’ll be better if you try all kinds of food, especially (特别是) vegetables and fruit. I eat them every day. You asked me how to make a milk shake. There are different kinds of milk shakes, such as apple milk shake, banana milk shake, carrot milk shake and watermelon milk shake. Apple milk shake is my favorite, because apples and milk are both good for our health. Before starting, we need an apple, a cup of milk, some ice-cream and two spoons of honey. Of course, you need a blender. Now, let’s start. First, peel an apple and cut it up. Next, put the apple, the milk, some ice-cream and two spoons of honey into the blender. Then turn on the blender. Keep it going for only one minute. Finally, pour the apple milk shake into a glass and drink it. It’s delicious! I want to learn how to make some Chinese food, such as dumplings, noodles and zongzi. Could you teach me? Yours, Maria 4．What is the e-mail about? A．Good eating habits. B．A good lifestyle. C．How to look after your health. D．How to make a milk shake. 5．Of all the milk shakes mentioned in the e-mail, Maria likes ________ best. A．banana milk shake B．watermelon milk shake C．carrot milk shake D．apple milk shake 6．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Li Na is showing Maria how to make dumplings. B．Maria may eat many different kinds of food, especially vegetables and fruit every day. C．Maria can cook Chinese food. D．Li Na wants Maria to learn to make noodles from her. 7．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the e-mail? A．A blender and a glass. B．Noodles and dumplings. C．Sugar and coffee. D．Watermelon milk shake and apples. 【答案】4．D 5．D 6．B 7．C 【导语】本文是向对方分享苹果奶昔的制作教程，同时交流饮食与烹饪相关的话题。 【详解】4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“You asked me how to make a milk shake.(你问我怎么做奶昔。)”和第三段“Now, let’s start. First, peel an apple and cut it up. Next, put the apple, the milk, some ice-cream and two spoons of honey into the blender. Then turn on the blender. Keep it going for only one minute. Finally, pour the apple milk shake into a glass and drink it. It’s delicious!(现在开始吧。首先，削一个苹果并切成小块。接着，把苹果、牛奶、一些冰淇淋和两勺蜂蜜放进搅拌机里。然后打开搅拌机，只搅一分钟。最后，把苹果奶昔倒入杯中，喝掉。这很美味！)”可知，这封邮件是关于如何制作奶昔。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Apple milk shake is my favorite, because apples and milk are both good for our health.(我最喜欢的是苹果奶昔，因为苹果和牛奶对我们的健康都有好处。)”可知，玛丽亚最喜欢的是苹果奶昔。 6．细节理解题。根据第一段“You’ll be better if you try all kinds of food, especially (特别是) vegetables and fruit. I eat them every day.(如果你尝试各种食物，尤其是蔬菜和水果，会感觉更好。我每天都吃它们。)”可知，玛丽亚每天可能会吃很多不同种类的食物，尤其是蔬菜和水果。 7．细节理解题。根据第二段“There are different kinds of milk shakes, such as apple milk shake, banana milk shake, carrot milk shake and watermelon milk shake.(奶昔有各种各样的种类，比如苹果奶昔、香蕉奶昔、胡萝卜奶昔和西瓜奶昔。)”和倒数第二段“First, peel an apple and cut it up. Next, put the apple, the milk, some ice-cream and two spoons of honey into the blender. Then turn on the blender. Keep it going for only one minute. Finally, pour the apple milk shake into a glass and drink it.(首先，削一个苹果并切成小块。接着，把苹果、牛奶、一些冰淇淋和两勺蜂蜜放进搅拌机里。然后打开搅拌机，只搅一分钟。最后，把苹果奶昔倒入杯中，喝掉。)”可知，邮件里没有提到糖和咖啡。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1/10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. 出发；启程 2. 吸收；理解；领会；欣赏 3. 在远处 4. 穿过；经历；浏览 5. 看见；发现 6. 定居；平静下来；专心于 7. 设法做成某事 8. 被……包围 9. 匆匆浏览；粗略翻阅 10. 是……的栖息地；是……的家园 11. 令人惊叹 二、写作词汇： 1. 把……描述为…… 2. 对……印象深刻 3. 详细地 4. 去旅行 5. 与……分享…… 6. 表达某人的情感 7. 被……吸引；迷恋…… 8. 期待做某事 9. 沿着……快速前进 10. 体验不同的文化 11. 认为自己有必要/应该做某事 12. 在黄昏时分 三、词汇变形： 1. vast adj. 广袤的；巨大的→ adv. 极大地；广阔地 2. distance n. 距离；远方→ adj. 遥远的；久远的 3. surround v. 包围；环绕→ n. 环境→ adj. 被包围的 4. impress v. 使印象深刻→ n. 印象→ adj. 令人印象深刻的 5. fascinate v. 使着迷；使神魂颠倒→ n. 魅力；迷恋→ adj. 迷人的；极有吸引力的 6. describe v. 描述；形容→ n. 描述；描写 7. settle v. 定居；解决→ n. 定居点；解决→ n. 移民；定居者 8. manage v. 管理；设法做成→ n. 经理；管理者→ n. 管理；经营 9. explore v. 探索；勘探→ n. 探险家→ n. 探索；探究 10. beauty n. 美丽；美景→ adj. 美丽的→ adv. 美丽地；出色地 四、拓展词汇 1. prairie n. 大草原；牧场 2. mountain range n. 山脉 3. canyon n. 峡谷 4. landscape n. 风景；地貌 5. grizzly bear 灰熊 6. Canadian Rockies 加拿大落基山脉 7. skyscrapers 摩天大楼 五、熟词生义 1. land n. 陆地；土地→land v. 着陆；登陆 2. sight n. 视力；景象→sight v. 看见；发现 3. run v. 跑；奔跑→run v. 延伸；延续；经营 4. light adj. 轻的；明亮的→light n. 光线；光亮→light v. 照亮；点燃 5. clear adj. 清晰的；晴朗的→clear v. 清除；使清晰；放晴 6. coach n. 教练 coach n. 长途汽车；旅客车厢 7. proceed v. 继续进行 proceed v. 接着做；继续前往 8. highlight v. 强调 highlight n. 最精彩的部分 写作 句型 1. It was not until we reached the mountains that we realized how beautiful the scenery was. (It was not until...that... 强调句P42) 直到我们到达山区，我们才意识到那里的风景有多美。 2. What impressed me most during the trip was the vast prairie stretching as far as the eye could see. (主语从句P43) 旅行中给我印象最深的是那片一望无际的广袤大草原。 3. While we were traveling through the canyon, we caught sight of a beautiful waterfall in the distance. (时间状语从句P44) 当我们穿过峡谷时，我们看到了远处一处美丽的瀑布。 4. Having set off early in the morning, we managed to reach the destination before sunset. (现在分词完成式作状语P45) 因为一大早出发，我们设法在日落前到达了目的地。 5. The small town, which is surrounded by green mountains and clear lakes, is home to many friendly locals. (非限制性定语从句P46) 这个被青山绿水环绕的小镇，是许多友善当地人的家园。 语法 过去分词作表语和状语(与动词－ing形式的比较) 写作 写一篇旅行日记，记录一次长途旅行的经历，描述沿途的风景，表达自己的感受，结合课文重点词汇和句型。 一、知识点精讲 1. vast adj. 广袤的；巨大的；大量的 【词汇拓展】 ·vastly adv. 极大地；广阔地；深远地 ·vastness n. [U] 广袤；巨大；浩瀚 【固定短语】 ·a vast land 一片广袤的土地 ·a vast amount of 大量的（后接不可数名词） ·a vast number of 大量的（后接可数名词复数） 【例句】 ①The travelers were shocked by the vast prairie stretching as far as the eye could see. 译文：旅行者们被这片一望无际的广袤大草原震撼了。 ②There is a vast amount of natural scenery in the mountainous area. 译文：山区有大量的自然风光。 ③The population of the country has increased vastly in the past decade. 译文：过去十年间，这个国家的人口大幅增长。 【易混辨析】 vast：侧重面积、范围、数量的“广袤、巨大”，常修饰土地、草原、数量等 huge：侧重体积、规模的“巨大”，可修饰具体事物或抽象概念 enormous：侧重程度、数量的“极大”，语气比 huge 更强 2. distance n. 距离；远方；疏远 v. 与……保持距离 【词汇拓展】 ·distant adj. 遥远的；久远的；冷淡的 ·distantly adv. 遥远地；冷淡地 【固定短语】 ·in the distance 在远处 ·at a distance 隔一段距离；从远处 ·keep one’s distance from 与……保持距离 ·distance oneself from 与……划清界限；疏远 【例句】 ①We caught sight of a beautiful waterfall in the distance. 译文：我们看到了远处一处美丽的瀑布。 ②It’s wise to keep a distance from strangers in the wild. 译文：在野外与陌生人保持距离是明智的。 ③She distanced herself from the controversial issue. 译文：她与这个有争议的问题划清了界限。 3. surround v. 包围；环绕；围绕 【词汇拓展】 ·surroundings n. [pl.] 环境；周围的事物 ·surrounded adj. 被包围的；被环绕的 ·surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的 【固定短语】 ·be surrounded by/with 被……包围/环绕 ·surround oneself with 与……为伍；身边围绕着 【例句】 ①The small town is surrounded by green mountains and clear lakes. 译文：这个小镇被青山绿水环绕。 ②She likes to surround herself with positive and energetic people. 译文：她喜欢让自己身边围绕着积极向上、精力充沛的人。 ③We should protect the natural surroundings around us. 译文：我们应该保护身边的自然环境。 4. impress v. 使印象深刻；使铭记；给……留下印象 【词汇拓展】 ·impression n. [C,U] 印象；感想；印记 ·impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的；引人注目的 ·impressed adj. 印象深刻的；被打动的 【固定短语】 ·impress sb. with sth. 用某事给某人留下印象 ·impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某事；让某人牢记某事 ·be impressed by/with 对……印象深刻 ·make a deep impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象 【例句】 ①The unique scenery impressed all the travelers deeply. 译文：独特的风景给所有旅行者留下了深刻的印象。 ②Teachers always impress the importance of safety on their students. 译文：老师们总是让学生牢记安全的重要性。 ③We were impressed by his courage and determination. 译文：我们对他的勇气和决心印象深刻。 5. set off 出发；启程；动身；使爆炸 【词汇拓展】（同根短语拓展） ·set out 出发；动身；着手做（set out to do sth.） ·set up 建立；设立；搭建 ·set aside 留出；拨出；把……放在一边 ·set down 记下；写下；放下 【固定短语】 ·set off for sp. 动身前往某地 ·set off fireworks 燃放烟花 【例句】 ①We set off early in the morning to avoid the heavy traffic. 译文：我们一大早就出发，以避开交通拥堵。 ②They set off for the mountain village to experience local life. 译文：他们动身前往山村，体验当地生活。 ③Children like to set off fireworks during the Spring Festival. 译文：孩子们喜欢在春节期间燃放烟花。 6. take in 吸收；理解；领会；欣赏；收留；欺骗 【词汇拓展】（同根短语拓展） ·take up 占据（时间、空间）；开始从事；拿起 ·take over 接管；接收 ·take down 记下；拆除；拿下 ·take on 承担；呈现；雇佣 【固定短语】 ·take in the scenery 欣赏风景 ·take in knowledge 吸收知识 ·take in a homeless person 收留一个无家可归的人 【例句】 ①We stopped to take in the beautiful scenery along the way. 译文：我们停下来欣赏沿途的美丽风景。 ②It took me a long time to take in what the teacher said. 译文：我花了很长时间才理解老师说的话。 ③The small town takes in many tourists every year. 译文：这个小镇每年都会接纳许多游客。 7. catch sight of 看见；发现；瞥见 【词汇拓展】（sight 相关短语） ·lose sight of 看不见；忽略；忘记 ·at first sight 乍一看；初见 ·out of sight 看不见；在视野之外 ·come into sight 进入视野；出现 【固定短语】 ·catch sight of sb./sth. 看见某人/某物 ·catch a sight of 瞥见（强调动作短暂） 【例句】 ①I caught sight of a rare bird in the forest. 译文：我在森林里发现了一只稀有鸟类。 ②She caught sight of her old friend in the crowd. 译文：她在人群中瞥见了她的老朋友。 ③We should not lose sight of our original goal. 译文：我们不应该忘记自己最初的目标。 8. settle down 定居；平静下来；专心于；安下心来 【词汇拓展】 ·settle v. 定居；解决；安排；安放 ·settlement n. [C,U] 定居点；解决；协议 ·settler n. [C] 移民；定居者 【固定短语】 ·settle down in sp. 在某地定居 ·settle down to do sth. 安下心来做某事 ·settle down to sth. 专心于某事（to 为介词） ·settle a problem 解决一个问题 【例句】 ①After years of traveling, he finally decided to settle down in a quiet small town. 译文：经过多年的旅行，他最终决定在一个安静的小镇定居。 ②Please settle down and listen to the teacher carefully. 译文：请安静下来，认真听老师讲课。 ③She settled down to her study after finishing the housework. 译文：做完家务后，她专心于自己的学习。 二、核心语法精讲——过去分词作表语和状语（与动词-ing 形式的比较） 过去分词作表语 【语法讲解】 1. 过去分词作表语时，位于系动词（be, feel, seem, look, get, become 等）之后，说明主语的状态或感受，表“被动”或“完成”。 2. 与动词-ing 形式作表语的区别： ·过去分词作表语：主语多为人，表“感到……的”，侧重主语的感受或状态（被动/完成）； ·动词-ing 形式作表语：主语多为物，表“令人……的”，侧重事物的性质或特征（主动/进行）。 【例句】 1. The travelers were shocked by the vast prairie stretching as far as the eye could see. 译文：旅行者们被这片一望无际的广袤大草原震撼了。 2. The scenery along the journey is fascinating and attracts many visitors every year. 译文：沿途的风景十分迷人，每年吸引许多游客前来。 3. We felt impressed by the local people’s enthusiasm during the trip. 译文：旅行中，我们对当地人的热情印象深刻。 4. The story about the settlers is moving and makes us cherish the present life. 译文：关于移民者的故事很感人，让我们更加珍惜当下的生活。 5. After the long journey, the travelers were tired but happy. 译文：长途旅行结束后，旅行者们虽然疲惫，但内心充满喜悦。 过去分词作状语 【语法讲解】 1. 过去分词作状语时，修饰主句的谓语动词，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等，逻辑主语为主句的主语，表“被动”或“完成”。 2. 与动词-ing 形式作状语的区别： ·过去分词作状语：逻辑主语与分词动作之间是被动关系（主语是动作的承受者）； ·动词-ing 形式作状语：逻辑主语与分词动作之间是主动关系（主语是动作的执行者）。 3. 常用结构：过去分词短语置于句首或句末，可与相应的状语从句转换。 （一）作时间状语 【例句】 1. Seen from the top of the mountain, the vast land looks more beautiful. 译文：从山顶望去，这片广袤的土地看起来更加美丽。 （转换为状语从句：When it is seen from the top of the mountain, the vast land looks more beautiful.） 2. Shocked by the beautiful scenery, the travelers stopped to take photos. 译文：被美丽的风景震撼后，旅行者们停下来拍照。 （转换为状语从句：After they were shocked by the beautiful scenery, the travelers stopped to take photos.） 3. Having traveled across the vast land, we gained a lot of unforgettable experiences. 译文：穿越这片广袤的土地后，我们收获了许多难忘的经历。 （二）作原因状语 【例句】 1. Attracted by the local culture, many travelers choose to stay in the small town for a few more days. 译文：被当地文化吸引，许多旅行者选择在小镇多停留几天。 （转换为状语从句：Because they are attracted by the local culture, many travelers choose to stay in the small town for a few more days.） 2. Surrounded by green mountains and clear lakes, the small town is a perfect place for vacation. 译文：被青山绿水环绕，这个小镇是度假的理想之地。 3. Moved by the settlers’ stories, we decided to learn more about their history. 译文：被移民者的故事打动，我们决定更多地了解他们的历史。 （三）作条件状语 【例句】 1. Given enough time, we can explore more beautiful scenery in the vast land. 译文：如果有足够的时间，我们可以在这片广袤的土地上探索更多美丽的风景。 （转换为状语从句：If we are given enough time, we can explore more beautiful scenery in the vast land.） 2. Prepared well, the travelers set off for the mountain village confidently. 译文：准备充分后，旅行者们自信地动身前往山村。 （四）作伴随状语 【例句】 1. The travelers walked along the path, followed by a local guide. 译文：旅行者们沿着小路行走，身后跟着一位当地导游。 2. She sat by the window, lost in the beautiful scenery outside. 译文：她坐在窗边，沉浸在窗外美丽的风景中。 3. The old man stood there, surrounded by his grandchildren, and shared stories about his journey. 译文：老人站在那里，身边围着孙子孙女，分享着他旅行的故事。 （五）作让步状语 【例句】 1. Tired as they were, the travelers continued to move forward to catch the beautiful sunset. 译文：尽管已经疲惫不堪，旅行者们还是继续前行，想要捕捉美丽的日落。 2. Shocked by the bad weather, they didn’t give up their plan to explore the canyon. 译文：尽管被恶劣的天气震撼，他们并没有放弃探索峡谷的计划。 核心区别总结（过去分词 vs 动词-ing 形式） 1. 作表语： ·过去分词（-ed）：人作主语，表“感到……的”（被动/感受）；例：The travelers were satisfied with the trip. ·动词-ing 形式（-ing）：物作主语，表“令人……的”（主动/特征）；例：The trip is satisfying for everyone. 2. 作状语： ·过去分词（-ed）：逻辑主语与动作是被动关系；例：Invited by the locals, we attended their traditional festival. ·动词-ing 形式（-ing）：逻辑主语与动作是主动关系；例：Walking along the lake, we enjoyed the beautiful scenery. · 易错提醒： 1. 避免混淆主被动关系：判断逻辑主语与分词动作的关系是关键，主动用-ing，被动用-ed。 2. 过去分词作状语时，不可省略逻辑主语，且逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。 3. 表情感的过去分词（如 shocked, impressed, tired）作表语时，主语通常为人；对应的-ing 形式（如 shocking, impressive, tiring）作表语时，主语通常为物。 三、单元写作清单 【话题分析】 本话题围绕“长途旅行”展开，要求以旅行日记的形式，记录旅行经历、描述沿途自然风光，表达旅行中的感受与收获。 核心考查要点包括： 1. 运用本单元重点词汇（如 vast, distance, surround 等）和短语（如 set off, take in, catch sight of 等）； 2. 结合过去分词作表语、状语等语法点； 3. 清晰呈现旅行的时间、地点、过程，突出风景描写和情感表达，语言流畅、逻辑清晰，符合日记的文体特征。 【写作框架】 旅行日记属于记叙文范畴，采用第一人称视角，按“旅行前—旅行中—旅行后”的时间线展开，具体框架如下： 1. 开头（旅行前）：交代旅行的时间、目的地、出发缘由，运用 set off, make a plan for 等短语，引出旅行期待。 2. 主体（旅行中）：详细描述沿途的自然风光（如 prairie, mountain range, waterfall 等），运用 take in, catch sight of 等短语，结合过去分词作状语等语法点，穿插个人感受。 3. 结尾（旅行后）：总结旅行的收获与感悟，表达对旅行的留恋或对自然的赞美，呼应开头，升华主题。 文体要求：语言生动、简洁，可适当运用描写性词汇，日记格式规范（开头注明日期、星期、天气）。 【写作素材】 · 核心词汇： 1. 名词：vast land, prairie, mountain range, waterfall, canyon, scenery, landscape, journal, traveler 2. 形容词：vast, distant, fascinating, impressive, surrounded, tired, happy 3. 动词：set off, take in, catch sight of, settle down, impress, surround, explore · 重点句型： 1. 过去分词作状语：Seen from the top of the mountain, the vast land looks more beautiful. 2. 主语从句：What impressed me most during the trip was the vast prairie. 3. 固定短语句型：We set off early in the morning to avoid the heavy traffic. 4. 伴随状语句型：The travelers walked along the path, followed by a local guide. 5. 情感表达句型：We were deeply impressed by the beautiful scenery and local enthusiasm. · 风景描写素材： 1. 草原：The vast prairie stretches as far as the eye can see, with green grass waving in the wind. 2. 山脉：Tall mountain ranges stand in the distance, covered with green trees. 3. 瀑布：A beautiful waterfall falls from the mountain, making a loud but pleasant sound. 4. 小镇：The small town is surrounded by green mountains and clear lakes, quiet and beautiful. 【范文背诵】 范文一（旅行日记，98词） Saturday, August 3 Cloudy My friend and I made a plan to explore the mountain valley near our city. Surrounded by towering peaks, the valley was quiet and peaceful. We walked along a clear stream, with birds singing overhead. Later, we climbed to the top of a hill, where we caught sight of a beautiful waterfall falling down the rocks. The view was so breathtaking that we couldn’t help taking photos. Tired but thrilled, we sat down to rest and enjoyed the fresh air. This trip reminded me that nature is the best healer for a tired soul. 范文二（旅行日记，107词） Friday, July 20 Sunny Today I set off on a train journey across the vast prairie with my family. Seen from the window, the endless grassland stretched like a green ocean, with wildflowers waving in the wind. We caught sight of a herd of deer drinking by a small lake, which was truly fascinating. What impressed me most was the sunset over the prairie. The whole sky turned golden and pink, making everything peaceful and dreamlike. Tired but happy, I settled down in my seat and wrote this journal. This journey has not only broadened my horizons but also taught me to appreciate the beauty of nature. 易错点01 set off 与 set out 用法混淆（含固定搭配误用） 【一句话辨异】 We set off early in the morning and set out to explore the vast prairie as soon as we arrived. 我们一大早就出发，到达后立刻着手探索这片广袤的大草原。 【错因辨析】 1. 二者均有“出发”之意，但搭配和侧重不同，是单元单选、完形填空高频考点： ① set off：侧重“动身、启程”，后接 for + 地点（set off for sp.），也可表示“使爆炸”； ② set out：侧重“出发、着手做”，后接 to do sth（set out to do sth），表“开始做某事”。 2. 核心禁忌：不可混淆搭配，不能写 set off to do 或 set out for doing。 3. 高频错句对比： ❌ We set out for the prairie to explore.（搭配冗余，set out 后直接接 to do 即可） ❌ They set off exploring the canyon.（搭配错误） ✅ We set off for the prairie early.（正确） ✅ They set out to explore the canyon.（正确） 【助记口诀】 set off 接地点，动身启程去远方；set out 接 to do，着手做事不含糊。 【对点训练】 1. We ______ for the mountain village at 6 a.m. to avoid the heavy traffic. A. set out B. set off C. set up 2. The travelers ______ to take in the beautiful scenery along the way. A. set off B. set out C. set aside 易错点02 take in 多义短语辨析及搭配误用 【一句话辨异】 When we reached the top of the mountain, we took in the beautiful scenery and tried to take in what the guide said. 到达山顶后，我们欣赏了美丽的风景，并努力理解导游说的话。 【错因辨析】 1. take in 为单元高频多义短语，不同语境含义不同，易混淆误用，是完形、阅读高频考点： ① 表“欣赏、领略”（接 scenery, view 等）；② 表“理解、领会”（接话语、知识等）；③ 表“收留、接纳”；④ 表“欺骗”。 2. 核心禁忌：不可脱离语境判断含义，尤其在完形填空中，易因忽略语境选错含义。 3. 高频错句对比： ❌ He was taken in the beautiful prairie.（搭配错误，缺少介词 by，表“被吸引”需用 be taken in by） ❌ I couldn’t take in the fresh air in the forest.（语境不符，take in 不表“呼吸”，可改为 breathe in） ✅ He was taken in by the beautiful scenery.（正确，表“被吸引”） ✅ It took me a long time to take in his words.（正确，表“理解”） 【助记口诀】 take in 含义多，欣赏风景领会说；收留欺骗别混淆，语境分析是关键。 【对点训练】 The old couple ______ a homeless traveler when they were traveling across the vast land. A. took in B. took up C. took over 易错点03 过去分词作状语与动词-ing 形式作状语混用 【一句话辨异】 Surrounded by green mountains, the small town looks beautiful; walking along the lake, we enjoyed the peaceful view. 被青山环绕，这座小镇看起来很美；沿着湖边行走，我们欣赏着宁静的景色。 【错因辨析】 1. 二者均为单元核心语法，逻辑主语与分词动作的关系判断错误是主要错因，是语法填空、短文改错高频考点： ① 过去分词作状语：逻辑主语与分词动作是被动关系（主语是动作的承受者）； ② 动词-ing 形式作状语：逻辑主语与分词动作是主动关系（主语是动作的执行者）。 2. 核心禁忌：忽略主被动关系，盲目使用分词形式。 3. 高频错句对比： ❌ Seeing from the top of the mountain, the vast land looks amazing.（逻辑主语 land 与 see 是被动关系，应用 Seen） ❌ Surrounding by the lake, the park is a good place to relax.（逻辑主语 park 与 surround 是被动关系，应用 Surrounded） ✅ Seen from the top of the mountain, the vast land looks amazing.（正确） ✅ Surrounding the lake, the trees provide shade for travelers.（正确，trees 与 surround 是主动关系） 【助记口诀】 分词作状看关系，主动 ing 被动 ed；逻辑主语要找准，语法填空不丢分。 【对点训练】 ______ by the fascinating scenery, many travelers choose to stay for a few more days. A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To attract 易错点04 impress 相关短语搭配及词性混用 【一句话辨异】 The impressive scenery impressed us deeply, and we were impressed with the local people’s enthusiasm. 令人印象深刻的风景给我们留下了深刻的印象，我们对当地人的热情印象深刻。 【错因辨析】 1. impress 为单元核心动词，其派生词（impressive, impressed）及固定搭配易混淆，是单选、写作高频考点： ① impress v. 使印象深刻，搭配：impress sb. with sth. / impress sth. on sb.； ② impressed adj. 印象深刻的，搭配：be impressed by/with sth.（人作主语）； ③ impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的（物作主语）。 2. 核心禁忌：混淆 impressed 与 impressive 的主语，搭配介词误用。 3. 高频错句对比： ❌ The scenery was impressed to us.（搭配错误，应用 impressed us 或 we were impressed by the scenery） ❌ We were impressive with the waterfall.（形容词误用，人作主语应用 impressed） ✅ The scenery impressed us deeply.（正确） ✅ We were impressed with the waterfall.（正确） 【助记口诀】 impress 动词表“使印象深”，人用 impressed 物用 impressive；by/with 搭配要记牢，写作单选错不了。 【对点训练】 We were deeply ______ by the ______ landscape during the trip. A. impressed; impressive B. impressive; impressed C. impressing; impressive 一、单句语法填空 1．_________ (enrol) at a famous university, he gave up the idea of working. 2．His concern for his mother is most _________ (touch)． 3．When _________ (ask) what their favourite food is, more British people say an Indian curry than any other dish! 4．He felt _________ (depress) and in a confused state of mind. 5．When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, _________ (tell) me stories till I fell asleep. 二、根据所给汉语，完成下列句子 1．长久以来，越来越多的科学家一直在研究材料。 __________________________ have been studying materials since a long time ago. 2．100多个国家都踢足球，这使它成为世界上最受欢迎的运动之一。 Football is played in over 100 countries, which makes it _____________________ in the world. 3．教授的话给这个年轻人留下了深刻的印象。 The young man __________________________ what the professor said. 三、语法填空 （25-26高一下·四川乐山·期末）阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jinyun shaobing (缙云烧饼), a common Chinese bread, comes from Jinyun County in Zhejiang Province. Its 1 (tradition) filling, combining fresh meat with locally dried vegetables, 2 (create) a wonderful taste. Therefore, it has gained international popularity over the years and it is named 3 one of the world’s best breads. To many foreigners, shaobing may sound like a single product. 4 in reality, its types vary widely from place to place in China, both in preparation and in the way they 5 (consume). For example, people enjoy Beijing shaobing with meat in it while in Xinjiang, shaobing, 6 (know) as Naan (馕), is eaten with yogurt or tea. In such a broad shaobing culture, Jinyun shaobing wins people’s hearts not only for the taste but also for stories dating back to several 7 (century) ago. Local stories say it started in ancient times, 8 early settlers made shaobing using clean fresh water from mountains. For generations, 9 (sell) shaobing helped many families to make a living. Today, Jinyun shaobing is a national-level intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) and it has become one of 10 symbols of Chinese food culture, spreading its taste and its stories. 四、阅读理解 A （23-24高二下·广东深圳·期末）In the domain of gastronomy, one can effortlessly create a quartet of nourishing and palatable recipes, which are both healthful and delectable, within the sanctuary of one’s domicile. Lemon Pudding Should you aspire to inaugurate your day with an incandescent grin, this opulent, saccharine, and pungent concoction will assuredly serve your purpose. It exquisitely amalgamates the piquant essence of the lemon with the nectar of the bee. Given the simplicity with which this culinary delight can be prepared, coupled with its delightful flavor and a plethora of healthful properties, this delicacy makes an exemplary dessert to be incorporated into your morning menu. Curried Chicken Soup In the alchemy of this particular recipe, the fowl is immersed in an olfactorily pleasing broth, enriched with dairy and the sweetness of the batata. To concoct this soup, one must gather a medley of ingredients including curry powder, the fruit of the love apple, succulent poultry, vintage grape nectar, dairy from a cow, and the lacteal fluid of a mammal. Permit yourself the indulgence of this gratifying repast as a token of appreciation for the protracted periods of onerous toil. Orange Carrot Smoothie Equip yourself with a salutary draught to commence your day. The Orange Carrot Smoothie, a recipe that demands minimal effort in its creation, yields a sumptuous and frosty elixir that imparts a delightful flavor, inciting a desire for more. The vivacious zest of the orange ensures a day brimming with cheer, while the flavor of the carrot seamlessly infuses a unique sweetness of the vegetable kingdom, crafting a distinctive and palatable morning beverage. Boiled Egg Toast with Butter For those who relish uncomplicated yet flavor-intense and wholesome repasts, this toast presents itself as the paragon of choice. Elevate the simplicity of your egg toast to new heights by the addition of butter. This recipe harmonizes a symphony of flavors that will undoubtedly satiate your cravings. Whether partaken at the dawn, midday, or dusk, this toast exemplifies the epitome of a satisfying meal, transforming the act of eating into an experience of unparalleled delight. 1．What do we know about lemon pudding? A．It makes you smile the whole day. B．It has the taste of lemon and honey. C．It is hard to prepare at home. D．It is a great addition to your supper menu. 2．Of the following recipes, which is the best choice after tiring work? A．Lemon pudding. B．Orange carrot smoothie. C．Curried chicken soup. D．Boiled egg toast with butter. 3．What is special about boiled egg toast with butter? A．It includes some butter. B．It is simple and healthy. C．It benefits our health. D．It is suitable for 3 meals a day. B （25-26高二下·江西上饶·期末）Dear Li Na, I’m really glad to receive your e-mail. You said you were learning to cook. Is it interesting? I think if you want to keep healthy, food is very important. You’ll be better if you try all kinds of food, especially (特别是) vegetables and fruit. I eat them every day. You asked me how to make a milk shake. There are different kinds of milk shakes, such as apple milk shake, banana milk shake, carrot milk shake and watermelon milk shake. Apple milk shake is my favorite, because apples and milk are both good for our health. Before starting, we need an apple, a cup of milk, some ice-cream and two spoons of honey. Of course, you need a blender. Now, let’s start. First, peel an apple and cut it up. Next, put the apple, the milk, some ice-cream and two spoons of honey into the blender. Then turn on the blender. Keep it going for only one minute. Finally, pour the apple milk shake into a glass and drink it. It’s delicious! I want to learn how to make some Chinese food, such as dumplings, noodles and zongzi. Could you teach me? Yours, Maria 4．What is the e-mail about? A．Good eating habits. B．A good lifestyle. C．How to look after your health. D．How to make a milk shake. 5．Of all the milk shakes mentioned in the e-mail, Maria likes ________ best. A．banana milk shake B．watermelon milk shake C．carrot milk shake D．apple milk shake 6．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Li Na is showing Maria how to make dumplings. B．Maria may eat many different kinds of food, especially vegetables and fruit every day. C．Maria can cook Chinese food. D．Li Na wants Maria to learn to make noodles from her. 7．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the e-mail? A．A blender and a glass. B．Noodles and dumplings. C．Sugar and coffee. D．Watermelon milk shake and apples. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1/10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $