Unit 3 Food and Culture（知识清单）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 3 Food and Culture 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. ________________把…… 和…… 联系起来 2. ________________恰当的例子；佐证 3. ________________ 迎合某人的口味 4. ________________由…… 组成 5. ________________ 用…… 装满…… 6. ________________________________展现友善与好客 7. ________________ 密切相关；相伴而生 8. ________________至少；起码 9. ________________和…… 一样丰富多样 10. ________________另一方面 11. ________________在草原上游牧 12. ________________正宗中餐 13. ________________在…… 之前 14. ________________不管；不顾 二、写作词汇： 1. ________________少吃甜食 2. ________________戒掉含糖饮料 3. ________________加工食品 4. ________________而不是 5. ________________消化食物 6. ________________规律饮食习惯 7. ________________均衡饮食 8. ________________富含维生素与膳食纤维 9. ________________对......至关重要 10. ________________整体健康 三、词汇变形： 1. vary v. 变化→ adj. 各种各样的→ n. 种类；多样化→ adj. 各式各样的 2. culture n. 文化→ adj. 文化的 3. cuisine n. 菜肴；烹饪→ adj. 烹饪的 4. taste v./n. 品尝；味道→ adj. 美味的 5. tradition n. 传统→ adj. 传统的 6. fame n. 名声→ adj. 著名的 7. create v. 创造→ n. 创作；菜品 8. cook v. 烹饪→ n. 炊具→ n. 烹饪术 9. nutrition n. 营养→ adj. 营养的 10. moderate adj. 适度的→ n. 适度；节制 11. digest v. 消化→ n. 消化 12. consist v. 由…… 组成→ adj. 规律的；一致的→ n. 一致性；连贯性 13. associate v. 联想；联系→ n. 协会；关联→ adj. 有关联的 14. modest adj. 谦虚的；些许的→ n. 谦虚 15. consume v. 吃；喝；消费→ n. 消耗；消费→ n. 消费者 四、拓展词汇 1. dim sum n. 点心 2. lamb kebab n. 烤羊肉串 3. pancake rolls n. 春饼 4. steamed dumplings n. 水饺 5. bamboo steamers n. 竹蒸笼 6. hot red peppers n. 红辣椒 7. farm-to-table adj. 从农场直达餐桌的 8. appetiser n. 开胃菜 9. main course n. 主菜 10. dessert n. 甜点 11. mushroom soup n. 菌菇汤 12. preserved meat n. 腌腊肉类 13. cafeteria 自助餐厅；自助食堂 14. calorie n. 卡路里 15. dairy products 乳制品 五、熟词生义 1. flavour n. 味道 → v. 给…… 调味 2. serve v. 服务 → v. 供应（食物） 3. affair n. 事件 → n. 集体活动（family affair 全家参与的事） 4. bold adj. 大胆的 → adj. （味道）浓烈刺激的 5. hot adj. 炎热的 → adj. 辛辣的 6. plate n. 盘子 → v. 装盘上菜 7. course n. 课程 → n. 一道菜 8. stuff n.东西；物品 → v. 填满；把……塞进 写作 句型 1. Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. (P26 非谓语作状语) 在来中国之前，我只在美国吃过中餐，那里的菜品都经过改良以迎合美国人的口味。 2. What we can say, however, is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand, and if you do not experience one, you can never really know the other. (P28 主语从句 + 表语从句) 但我们可以确定，饮食与文化密不可分，不亲身感受其一，就无法真正了解另一个。 3. While people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer. (P32 让步状语从句 + 宾语从句) 尽管人们还在争论高脂食物是否有害，但我们早已清楚糖分才是健康杀手。 4. A new farm-to-table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his new cookbook was published. (P29 过去完成时被动语态) 在这位厨师的新食谱出版之前，一家全新的农场直供餐厅就已由他创立。 语法 过去完成时 & 过去完成时被动语态 结构：had + done /had been done，表示过去某动作前已经完成的动作 写作 写一篇短文分析自己的饮食习惯，结合课文健康饮食建议，梳理自身好坏饮食习惯并提出改善方案。 一、知识点精讲 1. vary v. 相异；变化；改变 【词汇拓展】 ·various adj. 各种各样的；形形色色 ·variety n. [C] 品种；种类 [U] 多样化 ·varied adj. 各式各样的；多变的 ·variable adj. 多变的 n. 变量 【固定短语】 ·vary from…to… 从……到……各不相同 ·vary in 在……方面有差异 ·a variety of = varieties of 各种各样的 【例句】 ①Chinese cuisine varies greatly from area to area. 译文：中国菜肴因地区不同而差异巨大。 ②There are a variety of local snacks in Chengdu. 译文：成都有各种各样的本地小吃。 ③People’s taste in food varies from person to person. 译文：人们的饮食喜好因人而异。 【易混变形归纳】 vary v. 变化 → variety n. 种类 → various adj.多样 differ v. 不同 → difference n. 区别 → different adj.不同 2. consist v. 由……组成；由……构成 【词汇拓展】 ·consistent adj. 一致的；规律的 【固定短语】 ·consist of 由……组成（无被动，同义be made up of） ·consist in 在于，存在于 【例句】 ①Northern Chinese food consists mainly of wheat products. 译文：中国北方饮食主要由面食构成。 ②A balanced diet consists of vegetables, grain and proper meat. 译文：均衡饮食由蔬菜、谷物和适量肉类组成。 ③Her success consists in persistent healthy eating habits. 译文：她的成功在于持之以恒的健康饮食习惯。 【易错提醒】 consist of 不能用于被动语态，不可说 be consisted of 3. moderate adj. 适度的；温和；v. 节制；克制 【词汇拓展】 ·moderation n. [U] 适度；节制 【固定短语】 ·in moderation 适度地；适量地 【例句】 ①Moderation is the key to a healthy diet. 译文：适度是健康饮食的关键。 ②Eat sweets only in moderation. 译文：甜食只能适量食用。 【同义替换】 moderate = proper adj. 适度的 in moderation = within limits 在限度内 4. prior adj. 先前的；优先的 【词汇拓展】 ·priority n. [C,U] 优先事项；优先权 【固定短语】 ·prior to 在……之前（书面高级替换before） ·give priority to 优先考虑 【例句】 ①Prior to coming to China, I only ate American-style Chinese food. 译文：在来中国之前，我只吃过美式中餐。 ②Prior to writing the article, I collected lots of food culture materials. 译文：写这篇文章之前，我收集了很多饮食文化素材。 【词义辨析】 prior to：正式书面用语，阅读、作文专用 before：口语、普通书面通用词 5. flavour n. 味道；风味；文化特色；v. 给……调味 【词汇拓展】 ·flavoured adj. 有……风味的 ·flavourless adj. 无味的；乏味的 【例句】 ①Sichuan food has a strong and hot flavour. 译文：川菜浓烈辛辣，风味独特。 ②People flavour the soup with local herbs. 译文：人们用本地草药给汤调味。 【熟词生义总结】 flavour n. ①食物味道 ②地域、文化特色 6. go hand in hand 密切相关；相伴而生 【词汇拓展】 ·hand in 上交 ·hand out 分发 ·hand over 移交 【例句】 ①Culture and cuisine go hand in hand. 译文：文化与美食密不可分、相伴而生。 ②Good sleep and good health go hand in hand. 译文：优质睡眠与健康密不可分。 【作文万能句型模板】 A and B go hand in hand.A与B二者密切相关 7. digest v. 消化；领会，理解；n. 摘要；文摘 【词汇拓展】 ·digestion n. [U] 消化；消化能力 ·digestive adj. 消化的（digestive system 消化系统） 【例句】 ①Fibre helps food digest more easily. 译文：膳食纤维能让食物更容易消化。 ②It takes time to digest what you have read. 译文：理解你读过的内容需要时间。 8. cut down on 削减；减少（摄入、开支等） 【词汇拓展】 ·cut out 戒掉；删除 ·cut off 切断；中断 ·cut up 切碎 ·cut in 插嘴 【例句】 ①We should cut down on sweet food and drinks. 译文：我们应当减少甜食和含糖饮料的摄入。 ②To keep fit, I cut down on late-night snacks. 译文：为保持健康，我减少夜宵摄入。 【写作固定搭配】 ·cut down on sugar 减少糖分摄入 ·cut down on fat 减少脂肪摄入 ·cut down on desserts 减少甜食摄入 二、核心语法精讲--过去完成时 & 过去完成时被动语态 过去完成时 【基本结构】 had + 过去分词（done） 【用法】 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。 常与by the time, before, when, until等引导的时间状语从句连用。 【例句】 ①By the time I arrived at the restaurant, the chef had prepared all the traditional dishes. 译文：我到达餐厅时，厨师已经准备好了所有的传统菜肴。 ②Before I tried Sichuan food, I had only eaten mild-flavoured dishes. 译文：在尝试川菜之前，我只吃过口味清淡的菜肴。 ③When the food culture lecture started, we had read the related passages in the textbook. 译文：饮食文化讲座开始时，我们已经读完了课本上的相关文章。 过去完成时被动语态 【基本结构】 had + been + 过去分词（done） 【用法】 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前，主语所表示的人或事物已经被完成的动作，即“过去的过去”的被动。 【例句】 ①By the end of last month, the new farm-to-table restaurant had been opened by a famous chef. 译文：到上月底，一家全新的农场直供餐厅已由一位知名厨师开办。 ②Before the food festival began, all the local snacks had been arranged on the tables neatly.译文：美食节开始前，所有的本地小吃已被整齐地摆放在桌子上。 ③When we talked about the food culture, the research on traditional cuisine had been finished by the students. 译文：我们谈论饮食文化时，学生们已经完成了对传统菜肴的研究。 【易混辨析】 过去完成时（主动）：强调主语主动完成动作，动作发生在“过去的过去” 过去完成时被动语态：强调主语是动作的承受者，动作在“过去的过去”被完成 【对比例句】 ①The chef had cooked the fish before the guests came.（主动：厨师做饭） 译文：客人到来之前，厨师已经做好了鱼。 ②The fish had been cooked by the chef before the guests came.（被动：鱼被做） 译文：客人到来之前，鱼已经被厨师做好了。 三、单元写作清单 【话题分析】 本单元写作话题围绕饮食与健康展开，要求结合课文中健康饮食的核心建议，梳理个人饮食习惯的优缺点，并针对性提出改善方案。 核心考点：运用本单元重点词汇（如cut down on、balanced diet、in moderation等）和语法（过去完成时、主语从句等），清晰表达观点，逻辑连贯。 写作场景：适用于高考英语书面表达、单元话题写作，属于议论文范畴，可结合自身实际展开，突出健康饮食的重要性。 【写作框架】 开头段：引出话题，总述个人饮食习惯的整体情况，点明健康饮食的重要性。 主体段1：梳理自身良好的饮食习惯，结合课文知识点说明其好处。 主体段2：指出自身不良的饮食习惯，分析其对健康的影响。 结尾段：结合课文健康饮食建议，提出具体的改善方案，总结健康饮食的意义。 【写作素材】 · 核心词汇 1　 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1/10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2　 ·balanced diet 均衡饮食 3　 ·cut down on 削减；减少 4　 ·in moderation 适度地；适量地 5　 ·digest v. 消化 6　 ·consistent eating habits 规律的饮食习惯 7　 ·processed food 加工食品 8　 ·nutritious adj. 有营养的 9　 ·skip breakfast 不吃早餐 · · 常用句型 1. As is mentioned in our textbook, moderation is the key to a healthy diet. 译文：正如课本中提到的，适度是健康饮食的关键。 2. I have formed some good eating habits, but there are still some bad ones that need to be improved. 译文：我养成了一些良好的饮食习惯，但仍有一些不良习惯需要改进。 3. To keep healthy, it is necessary for me to cut down on sweet drinks and processed foods. 译文：为了保持健康，我有必要减少含糖饮料和加工食品的摄入。 4. Only by keeping a balanced diet and eating regularly can we stay energetic. 译文：只有保持均衡饮食、规律进食，我们才能保持精力充沛。 【范文背诵】 范文一（议论文，133词） My Eating Habits and Improvements As we all know, a healthy diet is essential for our physical health. After reflecting on my eating habits, I find there are both advantages and disadvantages. On the bright side, I have consistent eating habits and never skip breakfast, which provides me with enough energy for the whole morning. I also like eating fresh vegetables and fruits, which are rich in vitamins. However, I have some bad habits too. I often eat too much sweet food and drink sweet drinks. Besides, I sometimes eat fast food to save time. Following the advice in our textbook, I decide to cut down on sweet food and processed food. I will also eat more whole grains and keep my diet balanced. I believe these changes will help me stay healthier. 范文二（应用文，98词） A Letter to My Friend About Healthy Eating Dear Li Ming, How is it going? Recently, we learned about something about healthy eating. I would like to share my eating habits and improvements with you. I used to eat a lot of junk food and skip breakfast. Now, I know moderation is the key to a healthy diet. I have three meals regularly every day and cut down on sweet drinks. I also eat more vegetables and fruits. I hope you can also keep a balanced diet and stay healthy. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 易错点01 participate in 与 take part in、join 的用法混淆 【一句话辨异】 All the students participate in the cultural exchange activity, and many of them also take part in the volunteer team to join the local community service. 所有学生都参与了文化交流活动，其中许多人还加入志愿者队伍，参与当地社区服务。 【错因辨析】 1. 三者均表示“参与、加入”，但适用场景和搭配不同，是完形填空、单项选择高频易错点： ① participate in：正式用语，侧重“参与（活动、项目等）”，常与文化交流、学术活动、比赛等搭配，强调参与的主动性和投入度。 ② take part in：普通用语，侧重“参与（群众性活动、会议等）”，适用范围较广，可与 participate in 通用，但语气更口语化。 ③ join：侧重“加入（组织、团体、队伍等）”，成为其中一员；也可接介词 in，构成 join in，侧重“参与（小型活动、游戏等）”。 2. 高频错句对比： ❌ He joined the cultural festival last week.（搭配错误，festival 是活动，应用 participate in/take part in） ✅ He participated in the cultural festival last week.（正确） ❌ She participated in the English club.（搭配错误，club 是组织，应用 join） ✅ She joined the English club.（正确） 【助记口诀】 participate 正式接活动，take part 通用记心中；join 加入组织和团体，join in 小型活动用。 【对点训练】 1. More and more teenagers are willing to ______ the international cultural exchange program to broaden their horizons. A. join B. participate in C. take part 2. He ______ the volunteer team last month and often ______ the volunteer activities in the community. A. joined; takes part in B. participated in; joins C. joined in; participates in 易错点02 主语从句引导词 what 与 that 的误用 【一句话辨异】 What we need to do is to respect different cultures, and that cultural communication can bridge the gap between countries is a fact we all believe. 我们需要做的是尊重不同的文化，而文化交流能够拉近各国之间的距离，这是我们都认同的事实。 【错因辨析】 1. 二者均能引导主语从句，核心区别在于是否在从句中充当成分，是语法填空、短文改错核心考点： ① what：在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分，有实际含义，可理解为“……的事物/内容/样子”。 ② that：在主语从句中仅起连接作用，无实际含义，不充当任何成分，不可省略（尤其置于句首时）。 2. 高频错句对比： ❌ That we should do is to learn about foreign cultures.（错误，从句中 do 缺宾语，应用 what） ✅ What we should do is to learn about foreign cultures.（正确） ❌ What cultural exchange is important is known to all.（错误，从句句意完整、不缺成分，应用 that） ✅ That cultural exchange is important is known to all.（正确） 【助记口诀】 what 作主宾表，that 只把连接当；主从句首 that 不省，成分残缺用 what 补。 【对点训练】 ______ makes the cultural communication more effective is mutual respect and understanding. A. What B. That C. Which 易错点03 adapt to 与 adjust to、adapt oneself to 的用法混淆 【一句话辨异】 It took her a month to adapt to the local culture, and she also tried to adjust to the new lifestyle by adapting herself to the daily customs. 她花了一个月时间适应当地文化，还通过让自己适应日常习俗，努力调整适应新的生活方式。 【错因辨析】 1. 三者均表示“适应”，但用法和侧重点不同，是单元词汇应用高频易错点： ① adapt to：侧重“（逐渐）适应新环境、新情况、新文化等”，主语可以是人或物，是及物动词短语，to 为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 ② adjust to：侧重“调整自身以适应”，强调通过调整达到适应的状态，与 adapt to 可通用，但更侧重“调整”的动作。 ③ adapt oneself to：强调“主动使自己适应”，oneself 不可省略，突出主观能动性，主语通常为人。 2. 高频错句对比： ❌ He adapted the new school quickly.（错误，缺少介词 to，adapt 后接名词需加 to） ✅ He adapted to the new school quickly.（正确） ❌ She tried to adapt to the local life by adapt her to the customs.（错误，重复且形式错误，应用 adapting herself） ✅ She tried to adapt to the local life by adapting herself to the customs.（正确） 【助记口诀】 adapt to 接名词，adjust 调整来适应；oneself 加在 adapt 后，主动适应记清楚。 【对点训练】 After moving abroad, it is necessary for us to ______ the local culture and ______ ourselves to the new life as soon as possible. A. adapt to; adapt B. adjust to; adjust C. adapt to; adjust 一、默写重点单词 1．______________ n. 最小值；最少量　adj. 最低（限度）的；最小的 2．______________ vt. 填满；把……塞进　n. 东西；物品 3．______________ n. 脾气；火气 4．______________ vi. 由……组成（或构成） 5.______________ 在……之前的 二、语法运用 1．Success consists __________ the ability to continue efforts throughout failures. 2．Be very careful with __________ stuff; it can be dangerous if it isn't handled properly. 3．It was her natural __________ (elegant) that struck me. 4．When the oil is hot, add the __________ (slice) onion. 5．Costs should be kept __________ a minimum. 三、语法填空 （25-26高一下·辽宁朝阳·期末）Mixue (蜜雪冰城) opened its first U.S. store in Los Angeles 1 December 19, marking its entrance into the North American market and another step in the group’s global expansion strategy. The store offers the brand’s original menu, 2 (cover) a variety of products such as ice cream, pure tea, fruit tea, milk tea, freshly ground coffee, 3 adjusts with the dietary preferences of American consumers, providing a variety of ingredient and sugar content options 4 (meet) the diverse needs of different consumers. Priced from $1.19 to $4.99, its products are far cheaper than 5 (that) of local competing brands. Since its first overseas store 6 (launch) in Vietnam in 2018, Mixue has boasted over 53,000 stores across the globe. Mixue was listed as one of the “100 Most Influential Companies in the World” by Time magazine last year, 7 highlights the increasing presence of Chinese consumer brands on the global stage. The recognition fully reveals 8 lies behind Mixue’s global success: continuous strategic investment. Looking ahead, the company will further 9 (strong) its supply chain by expanding sourcing capabilities, improving logistics (物流) efficiency, and investing in production capacity and research and development. 10 (design) to support sustainable growth, these efforts keep product quality and affordability consistent as Mixue scales in international markets. 四、阅读理解 A （25-26高二下·浙江绍兴·期末）The obesity crisis in America has given rise to a cottage industry of weight-loss plans. Currently trendy is intermittent fasting, which involves alternating intervals of extreme calorie reduction with periods of normal eating. Dr. Frank Hu of the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health notes that one popular pattern is the “5:2 diet”: eat normally for five days a week, but restrict intake to just 500 — 600 calories on the other two days. Despite its appeal, intermittent fasting has significant pitfalls. In a 2017 study, the fasters performed no better than conventional calorie cutters, and the dropout rate among the fasting group was a striking 38% — a real-life reflection of the difficulty. As Dr. Hu notes, it’s human nature to reward oneself after hard work, so there is a danger of giving way to unhealthy dietary habits on non-fasting days. Moreover, your appetite hormones and hunger center go into overdrive when you are starved of food. That said, intermittent fasting may have benefits for some people. Kathy McManus of Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women’s Hospital shares that one of her American patients didn’t want to be bothered with tracking calories and chose a 5:2 approach, which has worked well for him so far. Animal research in the U.S. also suggests fasting may reduce cancer risk and slow aging, as it can activate cellular mechanisms that boost immune function and reduce inflammation (炎症). However, there is no strong evidence that fasting adds health benefits beyond any other weight-loss strategy, nor has it been proved sustainable in the long term. If you are considering intermittent fasting, be sure to discuss it with your doctor. Skipping meals and severely limiting calories can be dangerous for people with certain conditions. And, as Dr. Hu warns, Americans live in a toxic, unhealthy food environment — so you will need a strong social support network to endure very low-calorie days over the long term. 1．How does “intermittent fasting” work? A．By eating normally on all seven days. B．By limiting calories during certain days. C．By exercising more on non-fasting days. D．By taking special weight-loss medicine. 2．What did the 2017 study find about intermittent fasting? A．It enhanced people’s healthy eating habits. B．It helped fasters lose twice as much weight. C．It stopped appetite hormones getting overactive. D．It offered no benefits over traditional calorie cutting. 3．What is the author’s attitude to the advantages of intermittent fasting? A．Enthusiastic. B．Approving. C．Pessimistic. D．Doubtful. 4．What is suggested about intermittent fasting in the last paragraph? A．It needs social support to remain sustainable. B．It requires no specialized medical consultation. C．It demands significant changes in daily routine. D．It suits most people with different health conditions. B （25-26高二下·海南儋州·期末）For years, sugar has been labeled a primary cause behind the global rise in diabetes (糖尿病), especially type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, groundbreaking research from Brigham Young University challenges this broad assumption. A large-scale study reveals a crucial detail: the source and form of sugar matter significantly when it comes to diabetes risk. The findings paint a contrasting picture. On one hand, sugars consumed in liquid form — specifically through sugar-sweetened drinks like soda and even 100% fruit juice — were consistently linked to a sharply increased risk of developing T2D．On the other hand, sugars naturally present in or added to solid, nutrient-dense whole foods (such as whole fruits, dairy products, or whole grains) appeared to be far less harmful or potentially even protective. Why is there such a big difference? Researchers point to metabolism (新陈代谢). Liquid sugars from drinks act like isolated sugar floods entering the system. They cause rapid and large jumps in blood sugar, overwhelming the liver. This metabolic disruption leads to increased liver fat and insulin resistance — key factors in T2D development. By contrast, sugars added to solid foods are released much more slowly into the bloodstream. The fiber, fat, protein, and other beneficial nutrients naturally accompanying the sugar in these whole foods act as buffers, reducing the glycemic (血糖的) impact and preventing the liver from being overloaded. The study delivers a clear warning about fruit juice. Despite containing some vitamins, its high concentration of liquid sugar makes it a poor substitute for whole fruit. The vital fiber present in whole fruit, crucial for moderating blood sugar response, is largely missing in juice. “This study emphasizes the need for even stricter recommendations for liquid sugars such as those in sugar-sweetened drinks and fruit juice, as they appear to harmfully associate with metabolic health,” said Della Corte, one of the lead researchers. “Rather than criticizing all added sugars, future dietary guidelines might consider the different effects of sugar based on its source and form.” 5．Which form of sugar consumption brings a higher T2D risk? A．Sugar naturally found in whole fruits. B．Sugar from whole grains and dairy products. C．Sugar present in various liquid drinks. D．Sugar added to nutrient-dense solid foods. 6．What does Paragraph 3 focus on? A．The benefits of sugar metabolism. B．The reasons for sugar metabolism. C．The significance of sugar metabolism. D．The differences in sugar metabolism. 7．To lower the risk of T2D, which practice is most likely supported by the study? A．Replacing soda drinks with whole fruits. B．Avoiding dairy products containing sugar. C．Consuming as much fiber and fat as possible. D．Increasing consumption of 100% fruit juice. 8．What can be inferred from Della Corte’s statement about future dietary guidelines? A．They should remove fruit juice from recommendations. B．They should reconsider the impact of sugar on metabolism. C．They should criticize sugars regardless of different effects. D．They should not adopt a one-size-fits-all approach to sugar. $Unit 3 Food and Culture 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. relate...to... 把…… 和…… 联系起来 2. a case in point 恰当的例子；佐证 3. suit one’s tastes 迎合某人的口味 4. consist of 由…… 组成 5. fill…with… 用…… 装满…… 6. show friendship and kindness 展现友善与好客 7. go hand in hand 密切相关；相伴而生 8. at a minimum 至少；起码 9. as varied as… 和…… 一样丰富多样 10. on the other hand 另一方面 11. wander the open range 在草原上游牧 12. authentic Chinese food 正宗中餐 13. prior to 在…… 之前 14. regardless of 不管；不顾 二、写作词汇： 1. cut down on desserts 少吃甜食 2. cut out sweet drinks 戒掉含糖饮料 3. processed foods 加工食品 4. rather than 而不是 5. digest food 消化食物 6. consistent eating habits 规律饮食习惯 7. have a balanced diet 均衡饮食 8. be full of vitamins and fibre 富含维生素与膳食纤维 9. be fundamental to 对......至关重要 10. overall fitness 整体健康 三、词汇变形： 1. vary v. 变化→various adj. 各种各样的→variety n. 种类；多样化→varied adj. 各式各样的 2. culture n. 文化→cultural adj. 文化的 3. cuisine n. 菜肴；烹饪→culinary adj. 烹饪的 4. taste v./n. 品尝；味道→tasty adj. 美味的 5. tradition n. 传统→traditional adj. 传统的 6. fame n. 名声→famous adj. 著名的 7. create v. 创造→creation n. 创作；菜品 8. cook v. 烹饪→cooker n. 炊具→cookery n. 烹饪术 9. nutrition n. 营养→nutritional adj. 营养的 10. moderate adj. 适度的→moderation n. 适度；节制 11. digest v. 消化→digestion n. 消化 12. consist v. 由…… 组成→consistent adj. 规律的；一致的→consistency n. 一致性；连贯性 13. associate v. 联想；联系→association n. 协会；关联→associated adj. 有关联的 14. modest adj. 谦虚的；些许的→modesty n. 谦虚 15. consume v. 吃；喝；消费→consumption n. 消耗；消费→consumer n. 消费者 四、拓展词汇 1. dim sum n. 点心 2. lamb kebab n. 烤羊肉串 3. pancake rolls n. 春饼 4. steamed dumplings n. 水饺 5. bamboo steamers n. 竹蒸笼 6. hot red peppers n. 红辣椒 7. farm-to-table adj. 从农场直达餐桌的 8. appetiser n. 开胃菜 9. main course n. 主菜 10. dessert n. 甜点 11. mushroom soup n. 菌菇汤 12. preserved meat n. 腌腊肉类 13. cafeteria 自助餐厅；自助食堂 14. calorie n. 卡路里 15. dairy products 乳制品 五、熟词生义 1. flavour n. 味道 → v. 给…… 调味 2. serve v. 服务 → v. 供应（食物） 3. affair n. 事件 → n. 集体活动（family affair 全家参与的事） 4. bold adj. 大胆的 → adj. （味道）浓烈刺激的 5. hot adj. 炎热的 → adj. 辛辣的 6. plate n. 盘子 → v. 装盘上菜 7. course n. 课程 → n. 一道菜 8. stuff n.东西；物品 → v. 填满；把……塞进 写作 句型 1. Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. (P26 非谓语作状语) 在来中国之前，我只在美国吃过中餐，那里的菜品都经过改良以迎合美国人的口味。 2. What we can say, however, is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand, and if you do not experience one, you can never really know the other. (P28 主语从句 + 表语从句) 但我们可以确定，饮食与文化密不可分，不亲身感受其一，就无法真正了解另一个。 3. While people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer. (P32 让步状语从句 + 宾语从句) 尽管人们还在争论高脂食物是否有害，但我们早已清楚糖分才是健康杀手。 4. A new farm-to-table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his new cookbook was published. (P29 过去完成时被动语态) 在这位厨师的新食谱出版之前，一家全新的农场直供餐厅就已由他创立。 语法 过去完成时 & 过去完成时被动语态 结构：had + done /had been done，表示过去某动作前已经完成的动作 写作 写一篇短文分析自己的饮食习惯，结合课文健康饮食建议，梳理自身好坏饮食习惯并提出改善方案。 一、知识点精讲 1. vary v. 相异；变化；改变 【词汇拓展】 ·various adj. 各种各样的；形形色色 ·variety n. [C] 品种；种类 [U] 多样化 ·varied adj. 各式各样的；多变的 ·variable adj. 多变的 n. 变量 【固定短语】 ·vary from…to… 从……到……各不相同 ·vary in 在……方面有差异 ·a variety of = varieties of 各种各样的 【例句】 ①Chinese cuisine varies greatly from area to area. 译文：中国菜肴因地区不同而差异巨大。 ②There are a variety of local snacks in Chengdu. 译文：成都有各种各样的本地小吃。 ③People’s taste in food varies from person to person. 译文：人们的饮食喜好因人而异。 【易混变形归纳】 vary v. 变化 → variety n. 种类 → various adj.多样 differ v. 不同 → difference n. 区别 → different adj.不同 2. consist v. 由……组成；由……构成 【词汇拓展】 ·consistent adj. 一致的；规律的 【固定短语】 ·consist of 由……组成（无被动，同义be made up of） ·consist in 在于，存在于 【例句】 ①Northern Chinese food consists mainly of wheat products. 译文：中国北方饮食主要由面食构成。 ②A balanced diet consists of vegetables, grain and proper meat. 译文：均衡饮食由蔬菜、谷物和适量肉类组成。 ③Her success consists in persistent healthy eating habits. 译文：她的成功在于持之以恒的健康饮食习惯。 【易错提醒】 consist of 不能用于被动语态，不可说 be consisted of 3. moderate adj. 适度的；温和；v. 节制；克制 【词汇拓展】 ·moderation n. [U] 适度；节制 【固定短语】 ·in moderation 适度地；适量地 【例句】 ①Moderation is the key to a healthy diet. 译文：适度是健康饮食的关键。 ②Eat sweets only in moderation. 译文：甜食只能适量食用。 【同义替换】 moderate = proper adj. 适度的 in moderation = within limits 在限度内 4. prior adj. 先前的；优先的 【词汇拓展】 ·priority n. [C,U] 优先事项；优先权 【固定短语】 ·prior to 在……之前（书面高级替换before） ·give priority to 优先考虑 【例句】 ①Prior to coming to China, I only ate American-style Chinese food. 译文：在来中国之前，我只吃过美式中餐。 ②Prior to writing the article, I collected lots of food culture materials. 译文：写这篇文章之前，我收集了很多饮食文化素材。 【词义辨析】 prior to：正式书面用语，阅读、作文专用 before：口语、普通书面通用词 5. flavour n. 味道；风味；文化特色；v. 给……调味 【词汇拓展】 ·flavoured adj. 有……风味的 ·flavourless adj. 无味的；乏味的 【例句】 ①Sichuan food has a strong and hot flavour. 译文：川菜浓烈辛辣，风味独特。 ②People flavour the soup with local herbs. 译文：人们用本地草药给汤调味。 【熟词生义总结】 flavour n. ①食物味道 ②地域、文化特色 6. go hand in hand 密切相关；相伴而生 【词汇拓展】 ·hand in 上交 ·hand out 分发 ·hand over 移交 【例句】 ①Culture and cuisine go hand in hand. 译文：文化与美食密不可分、相伴而生。 ②Good sleep and good health go hand in hand. 译文：优质睡眠与健康密不可分。 【作文万能句型模板】 A and B go hand in hand.A与B二者密切相关 7. digest v. 消化；领会，理解；n. 摘要；文摘 【词汇拓展】 ·digestion n. [U] 消化；消化能力 ·digestive adj. 消化的（digestive system 消化系统） 【例句】 ①Fibre helps food digest more easily. 译文：膳食纤维能让食物更容易消化。 ②It takes time to digest what you have read. 译文：理解你读过的内容需要时间。 8. cut down on 削减；减少（摄入、开支等） 【词汇拓展】 ·cut out 戒掉；删除 ·cut off 切断；中断 ·cut up 切碎 ·cut in 插嘴 【例句】 ①We should cut down on sweet food and drinks. 译文：我们应当减少甜食和含糖饮料的摄入。 ②To keep fit, I cut down on late-night snacks. 译文：为保持健康，我减少夜宵摄入。 【写作固定搭配】 ·cut down on sugar 减少糖分摄入 ·cut down on fat 减少脂肪摄入 ·cut down on desserts 减少甜食摄入 二、核心语法精讲--过去完成时 & 过去完成时被动语态 过去完成时 【基本结构】 had + 过去分词（done） 【用法】 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。 常与by the time, before, when, until等引导的时间状语从句连用。 【例句】 ①By the time I arrived at the restaurant, the chef had prepared all the traditional dishes. 译文：我到达餐厅时，厨师已经准备好了所有的传统菜肴。 ②Before I tried Sichuan food, I had only eaten mild-flavoured dishes. 译文：在尝试川菜之前，我只吃过口味清淡的菜肴。 ③When the food culture lecture started, we had read the related passages in the textbook. 译文：饮食文化讲座开始时，我们已经读完了课本上的相关文章。 过去完成时被动语态 【基本结构】 had + been + 过去分词（done） 【用法】 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前，主语所表示的人或事物已经被完成的动作，即“过去的过去”的被动。 【例句】 ①By the end of last month, the new farm-to-table restaurant had been opened by a famous chef. 译文：到上月底，一家全新的农场直供餐厅已由一位知名厨师开办。 ②Before the food festival began, all the local snacks had been arranged on the tables neatly.译文：美食节开始前，所有的本地小吃已被整齐地摆放在桌子上。 ③When we talked about the food culture, the research on traditional cuisine had been finished by the students. 译文：我们谈论饮食文化时，学生们已经完成了对传统菜肴的研究。 【易混辨析】 过去完成时（主动）：强调主语主动完成动作，动作发生在“过去的过去” 过去完成时被动语态：强调主语是动作的承受者，动作在“过去的过去”被完成 【对比例句】 ①The chef had cooked the fish before the guests came.（主动：厨师做饭） 译文：客人到来之前，厨师已经做好了鱼。 ②The fish had been cooked by the chef before the guests came.（被动：鱼被做） 译文：客人到来之前，鱼已经被厨师做好了。 三、单元写作清单 【话题分析】 本单元写作话题围绕饮食与健康展开，要求结合课文中健康饮食的核心建议，梳理个人饮食习惯的优缺点，并针对性提出改善方案。 核心考点：运用本单元重点词汇（如cut down on、balanced diet、in moderation等）和语法（过去完成时、主语从句等），清晰表达观点，逻辑连贯。 写作场景：适用于高考英语书面表达、单元话题写作，属于议论文范畴，可结合自身实际展开，突出健康饮食的重要性。 【写作框架】 开头段：引出话题，总述个人饮食习惯的整体情况，点明健康饮食的重要性。 主体段1：梳理自身良好的饮食习惯，结合课文知识点说明其好处。 主体段2：指出自身不良的饮食习惯，分析其对健康的影响。 结尾段：结合课文健康饮食建议，提出具体的改善方案，总结健康饮食的意义。 【写作素材】 · 核心词汇 1　 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1/10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2　 ·balanced diet 均衡饮食 3　 ·cut down on 削减；减少 4　 ·in moderation 适度地；适量地 5　 ·digest v. 消化 6　 ·consistent eating habits 规律的饮食习惯 7　 ·processed food 加工食品 8　 ·nutritious adj. 有营养的 9　 ·skip breakfast 不吃早餐 · · 常用句型 1. As is mentioned in our textbook, moderation is the key to a healthy diet. 译文：正如课本中提到的，适度是健康饮食的关键。 2. I have formed some good eating habits, but there are still some bad ones that need to be improved. 译文：我养成了一些良好的饮食习惯，但仍有一些不良习惯需要改进。 3. To keep healthy, it is necessary for me to cut down on sweet drinks and processed foods. 译文：为了保持健康，我有必要减少含糖饮料和加工食品的摄入。 4. Only by keeping a balanced diet and eating regularly can we stay energetic. 译文：只有保持均衡饮食、规律进食，我们才能保持精力充沛。 【范文背诵】 范文一（议论文，133词） My Eating Habits and Improvements As we all know, a healthy diet is essential for our physical health. After reflecting on my eating habits, I find there are both advantages and disadvantages. On the bright side, I have consistent eating habits and never skip breakfast, which provides me with enough energy for the whole morning. I also like eating fresh vegetables and fruits, which are rich in vitamins. However, I have some bad habits too. I often eat too much sweet food and drink sweet drinks. Besides, I sometimes eat fast food to save time. Following the advice in our textbook, I decide to cut down on sweet food and processed food. I will also eat more whole grains and keep my diet balanced. I believe these changes will help me stay healthier. 范文二（应用文，98词） A Letter to My Friend About Healthy Eating Dear Li Ming, How is it going? Recently, we learned about something about healthy eating. I would like to share my eating habits and improvements with you. I used to eat a lot of junk food and skip breakfast. Now, I know moderation is the key to a healthy diet. I have three meals regularly every day and cut down on sweet drinks. I also eat more vegetables and fruits. I hope you can also keep a balanced diet and stay healthy. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 易错点01 participate in 与 take part in、join 的用法混淆 【一句话辨异】 All the students participate in the cultural exchange activity, and many of them also take part in the volunteer team to join the local community service. 所有学生都参与了文化交流活动，其中许多人还加入志愿者队伍，参与当地社区服务。 【错因辨析】 1. 三者均表示“参与、加入”，但适用场景和搭配不同，是完形填空、单项选择高频易错点： ① participate in：正式用语，侧重“参与（活动、项目等）”，常与文化交流、学术活动、比赛等搭配，强调参与的主动性和投入度。 ② take part in：普通用语，侧重“参与（群众性活动、会议等）”，适用范围较广，可与 participate in 通用，但语气更口语化。 ③ join：侧重“加入（组织、团体、队伍等）”，成为其中一员；也可接介词 in，构成 join in，侧重“参与（小型活动、游戏等）”。 2. 高频错句对比： ❌ He joined the cultural festival last week.（搭配错误，festival 是活动，应用 participate in/take part in） ✅ He participated in the cultural festival last week.（正确） ❌ She participated in the English club.（搭配错误，club 是组织，应用 join） ✅ She joined the English club.（正确） 【助记口诀】 participate 正式接活动，take part 通用记心中；join 加入组织和团体，join in 小型活动用。 【对点训练】 1. More and more teenagers are willing to ______ the international cultural exchange program to broaden their horizons. A. join B. participate in C. take part 答案：B 解析：句中“international cultural exchange program”是正式活动，侧重主动参与，participate in 为正式搭配，符合语境；join 后接组织，take part 后需加 in 才能接宾语，故选 B。 2. He ______ the volunteer team last month and often ______ the volunteer activities in the community. A. joined; takes part in B. participated in; joins C. joined in; participates in 答案：A 解析：第一空后“volunteer team”是组织，用 join；第二空后“volunteer activities”是活动，用 takes part in，符合三者用法区别，故选 A。 易错点02 主语从句引导词 what 与 that 的误用 【一句话辨异】 What we need to do is to respect different cultures, and that cultural communication can bridge the gap between countries is a fact we all believe. 我们需要做的是尊重不同的文化，而文化交流能够拉近各国之间的距离，这是我们都认同的事实。 【错因辨析】 1. 二者均能引导主语从句，核心区别在于是否在从句中充当成分，是语法填空、短文改错核心考点： ① what：在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分，有实际含义，可理解为“……的事物/内容/样子”。 ② that：在主语从句中仅起连接作用，无实际含义，不充当任何成分，不可省略（尤其置于句首时）。 2. 高频错句对比： ❌ That we should do is to learn about foreign cultures.（错误，从句中 do 缺宾语，应用 what） ✅ What we should do is to learn about foreign cultures.（正确） ❌ What cultural exchange is important is known to all.（错误，从句句意完整、不缺成分，应用 that） ✅ That cultural exchange is important is known to all.（正确） 【助记口诀】 what 作主宾表，that 只把连接当；主从句首 that 不省，成分残缺用 what 补。 【对点训练】 ______ makes the cultural communication more effective is mutual respect and understanding. A. What B. That C. Which 答案：A 解析：本句为主语从句，从句中“makes”前缺少主语，需用 what 引导并充当主语，意为“……的事物”；that 不充当成分，which 引导主语从句时需有明确选择范围，均不符合，故选 A。 易错点03 adapt to 与 adjust to、adapt oneself to 的用法混淆 【一句话辨异】 It took her a month to adapt to the local culture, and she also tried to adjust to the new lifestyle by adapting herself to the daily customs. 她花了一个月时间适应当地文化，还通过让自己适应日常习俗，努力调整适应新的生活方式。 【错因辨析】 1. 三者均表示“适应”，但用法和侧重点不同，是单元词汇应用高频易错点： ① adapt to：侧重“（逐渐）适应新环境、新情况、新文化等”，主语可以是人或物，是及物动词短语，to 为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 ② adjust to：侧重“调整自身以适应”，强调通过调整达到适应的状态，与 adapt to 可通用，但更侧重“调整”的动作。 ③ adapt oneself to：强调“主动使自己适应”，oneself 不可省略，突出主观能动性，主语通常为人。 2. 高频错句对比： ❌ He adapted the new school quickly.（错误，缺少介词 to，adapt 后接名词需加 to） ✅ He adapted to the new school quickly.（正确） ❌ She tried to adapt to the local life by adapt her to the customs.（错误，重复且形式错误，应用 adapting herself） ✅ She tried to adapt to the local life by adapting herself to the customs.（正确） 【助记口诀】 adapt to 接名词，adjust 调整来适应；oneself 加在 adapt 后，主动适应记清楚。 【对点训练】 After moving abroad, it is necessary for us to ______ the local culture and ______ ourselves to the new life as soon as possible. A. adapt to; adapt B. adjust to; adjust C. adapt to; adjust 答案：A 解析：第一空后接“the local culture”，表示适应文化，用 adapt to；第二空为固定搭配 adapt oneself to，意为“使自己适应”，adjust 后接 oneself 时需加 to，故选 A。 一、默写重点单词 1．______________ n. 最小值；最少量　adj. 最低（限度）的；最小的 2．______________ vt. 填满；把……塞进　n. 东西；物品 3．______________ n. 脾气；火气 4．______________ vi. 由……组成（或构成） 5.______________ 在……之前的 【答案】1.minimum 2. stuff 3.temper 4.consist 5.prior 二、语法运用 1．Success consists __________ the ability to continue efforts throughout failures. 2．Be very careful with __________ stuff; it can be dangerous if it isn't handled properly. 3．It was her natural __________ (elegant) that struck me. 4．When the oil is hot, add the __________ (slice) onion. 5．Costs should be kept __________ a minimum. 【答案】1. in 2.the 3.elegance 4.sliced 5. to 三、语法填空 （25-26高一下·辽宁朝阳·期末）Mixue (蜜雪冰城) opened its first U.S. store in Los Angeles 1 December 19, marking its entrance into the North American market and another step in the group’s global expansion strategy. The store offers the brand’s original menu, 2 (cover) a variety of products such as ice cream, pure tea, fruit tea, milk tea, freshly ground coffee, 3 adjusts with the dietary preferences of American consumers, providing a variety of ingredient and sugar content options 4 (meet) the diverse needs of different consumers. Priced from $1.19 to $4.99, its products are far cheaper than 5 (that) of local competing brands. Since its first overseas store 6 (launch) in Vietnam in 2018, Mixue has boasted over 53,000 stores across the globe. Mixue was listed as one of the “100 Most Influential Companies in the World” by Time magazine last year, 7 highlights the increasing presence of Chinese consumer brands on the global stage. The recognition fully reveals 8 lies behind Mixue’s global success: continuous strategic investment. Looking ahead, the company will further 9 (strong) its supply chain by expanding sourcing capabilities, improving logistics (物流) efficiency, and investing in production capacity and research and development. 10 (design) to support sustainable growth, these efforts keep product quality and affordability consistent as Mixue scales in international markets. 【答案】 1．on 2．covering 3．and 4．to meet 5．those 6．was launched 7．which 8．what 9．strengthen 10．Designed 【导语】本文介绍了蜜雪冰城在美国洛杉矶开出首家门店，讲述其海外扩张布局、产品定价优势、全球规模、行业认可以及未来供应链升级规划。 【详解】1．考查介词。句意：蜜雪冰城于12月19日在洛杉矶开出首家美国门店，标志着品牌正式进军北美市场，也是集团全球化扩张战略的又一步。根据“December 19”可知，具体日期前用介词on。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：门店保留品牌原版菜单，涵盖冰淇淋、纯茶、果茶、奶茶、现磨咖啡等多款产品，同时适配美国消费者的饮食偏好，提供多种配料与糖度选择以满足不同顾客的多元需求。句子已有谓语offers，the store与cover是主谓关系，此空是现在分词covering。 3．考查连词。句意：同上。根据“offers”以及“adjusts”可知，此空是and，连接两个并列谓语。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。提供各类选择的目的是满足多元需求，此空是动词不定式to meet，作目的状语。 5．考查代词。句意：产品售价区间1.19至4.99美元，远低于本土竞品品牌的产品。根据“its products”以及“of local competing brands”可知，此空是those，指代复数名词products。 6．考查动词时态语态。句意：蜜雪冰城2018年在越南开出首家海外门店，如今全球门店超53000家。根据since、in 2018以及store与launch的动宾关系可知，此空是一般过去时的被动语态was launched。 7．考查定语从句。句意：去年《时代》杂志将蜜雪冰城列入“全球百大最具影响力企业”榜单，这凸显中国消费品牌在全球舞台的影响力持续提升。此空引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整件事，作从句主语，用关系代词which。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：这份认可充分揭示了蜜雪冰城全球成功背后的关键：持续的战略投入。reveals后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物，用what。 9．考查动词。句意：展望未来，公司将进一步完善供应链，拓展采购渠道、提升物流效率，加码产能与研发投入。will后接动词原形strengthen，表示“加强”。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些努力旨在支撑可持续发展，能让蜜雪冰城拓展海外市场时始终稳定把控产品品质与亲民定价。 句子已有谓语keep，efforts与design是动宾关系，此空是过去分词Designed。 四、阅读理解 A （25-26高二下·浙江绍兴·期末）The obesity crisis in America has given rise to a cottage industry of weight-loss plans. Currently trendy is intermittent fasting, which involves alternating intervals of extreme calorie reduction with periods of normal eating. Dr. Frank Hu of the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health notes that one popular pattern is the “5:2 diet”: eat normally for five days a week, but restrict intake to just 500 — 600 calories on the other two days. Despite its appeal, intermittent fasting has significant pitfalls. In a 2017 study, the fasters performed no better than conventional calorie cutters, and the dropout rate among the fasting group was a striking 38% — a real-life reflection of the difficulty. As Dr. Hu notes, it’s human nature to reward oneself after hard work, so there is a danger of giving way to unhealthy dietary habits on non-fasting days. Moreover, your appetite hormones and hunger center go into overdrive when you are starved of food. That said, intermittent fasting may have benefits for some people. Kathy McManus of Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women’s Hospital shares that one of her American patients didn’t want to be bothered with tracking calories and chose a 5:2 approach, which has worked well for him so far. Animal research in the U.S. also suggests fasting may reduce cancer risk and slow aging, as it can activate cellular mechanisms that boost immune function and reduce inflammation (炎症). However, there is no strong evidence that fasting adds health benefits beyond any other weight-loss strategy, nor has it been proved sustainable in the long term. If you are considering intermittent fasting, be sure to discuss it with your doctor. Skipping meals and severely limiting calories can be dangerous for people with certain conditions. And, as Dr. Hu warns, Americans live in a toxic, unhealthy food environment — so you will need a strong social support network to endure very low-calorie days over the long term. 1．How does “intermittent fasting” work? A．By eating normally on all seven days. B．By limiting calories during certain days. C．By exercising more on non-fasting days. D．By taking special weight-loss medicine. 2．What did the 2017 study find about intermittent fasting? A．It enhanced people’s healthy eating habits. B．It helped fasters lose twice as much weight. C．It stopped appetite hormones getting overactive. D．It offered no benefits over traditional calorie cutting. 3．What is the author’s attitude to the advantages of intermittent fasting? A．Enthusiastic. B．Approving. C．Pessimistic. D．Doubtful. 4．What is suggested about intermittent fasting in the last paragraph? A．It needs social support to remain sustainable. B．It requires no specialized medical consultation. C．It demands significant changes in daily routine. D．It suits most people with different health conditions. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】文章介绍了间歇性断食的运作方式、研究发现的缺点、潜在好处以及注意事项。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Currently trendy is intermittent fasting, which involves alternating intervals of extreme calorie reduction with periods of normal eating. (目前流行的是间歇性禁食，即在极端减食与正常进食之间交替进行。)”和“one popular pattern is the “5:2 diet”: eat normally for five days a week, but restrict intake to just 500 — 600 calories on the other two days (一种流行的方法是“5:2饮食法”：每周五天正常进食，另外两天则限制摄入量在500至600卡路里之间)”可知，间歇性禁食的运作是通过在特定的日子里限制卡路里摄入。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In a 2017 study, the fasters performed no better than conventional calorie cutters, and the dropout rate among the fasting group was a striking 38% — a real-life reflection of the difficulty. (在2017年的一项研究中，禁食者的表现与常规减脂者无异，而禁食组的退出率高达38%，这真实反映了其实施过程中的巨大困难。)”可知，该研究发现，相比传统节食间歇性禁食没有提供额外的好处。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, there is no strong evidence that fasting adds health benefits beyond any other weight-loss strategy, nor has it been proved sustainable in the long term. (然而，没有强有力的证据表明禁食比任何其他减肥策略能带来更多的健康益处，也没有证据表明它能长期持续。)”可知，目前无法确定间歇性禁食有更多益处，或具有可持续性，表明作者对其益处持怀疑态度。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“And, as Dr. Hu warns, Americans live in a toxic, unhealthy food environment — so you will need a strong social support network to endure very low-calorie days over the long term. (而且，正如胡博士所警告的，美国人生活在一个有毒且不健康的饮食环境中——因此，你必须拥有强大的社会支持网络，才能长期坚持极低热量饮食。)”可知，间歇性禁食需要社会支持才能保持可持续性。 B （25-26高二下·海南儋州·期末）For years, sugar has been labeled a primary cause behind the global rise in diabetes (糖尿病), especially type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, groundbreaking research from Brigham Young University challenges this broad assumption. A large-scale study reveals a crucial detail: the source and form of sugar matter significantly when it comes to diabetes risk. The findings paint a contrasting picture. On one hand, sugars consumed in liquid form — specifically through sugar-sweetened drinks like soda and even 100% fruit juice — were consistently linked to a sharply increased risk of developing T2D．On the other hand, sugars naturally present in or added to solid, nutrient-dense whole foods (such as whole fruits, dairy products, or whole grains) appeared to be far less harmful or potentially even protective. Why is there such a big difference? Researchers point to metabolism (新陈代谢). Liquid sugars from drinks act like isolated sugar floods entering the system. They cause rapid and large jumps in blood sugar, overwhelming the liver. This metabolic disruption leads to increased liver fat and insulin resistance — key factors in T2D development. By contrast, sugars added to solid foods are released much more slowly into the bloodstream. The fiber, fat, protein, and other beneficial nutrients naturally accompanying the sugar in these whole foods act as buffers, reducing the glycemic (血糖的) impact and preventing the liver from being overloaded. The study delivers a clear warning about fruit juice. Despite containing some vitamins, its high concentration of liquid sugar makes it a poor substitute for whole fruit. The vital fiber present in whole fruit, crucial for moderating blood sugar response, is largely missing in juice. “This study emphasizes the need for even stricter recommendations for liquid sugars such as those in sugar-sweetened drinks and fruit juice, as they appear to harmfully associate with metabolic health,” said Della Corte, one of the lead researchers. “Rather than criticizing all added sugars, future dietary guidelines might consider the different effects of sugar based on its source and form.” 5．Which form of sugar consumption brings a higher T2D risk? A．Sugar naturally found in whole fruits. B．Sugar from whole grains and dairy products. C．Sugar present in various liquid drinks. D．Sugar added to nutrient-dense solid foods. 6．What does Paragraph 3 focus on? A．The benefits of sugar metabolism. B．The reasons for sugar metabolism. C．The significance of sugar metabolism. D．The differences in sugar metabolism. 7．To lower the risk of T2D, which practice is most likely supported by the study? A．Replacing soda drinks with whole fruits. B．Avoiding dairy products containing sugar. C．Consuming as much fiber and fat as possible. D．Increasing consumption of 100% fruit juice. 8．What can be inferred from Della Corte’s statement about future dietary guidelines? A．They should remove fruit juice from recommendations. B．They should reconsider the impact of sugar on metabolism. C．They should criticize sugars regardless of different effects. D．They should not adopt a one-size-fits-all approach to sugar. 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．A 8．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了杨百翰大学的一项突破性研究，该研究表明糖的来源和形式对糖尿病风险的影响截然不同，液态糖危害更大，而固态全食物中的糖危害较小甚至具有保护作用。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“On one hand, sugars consumed in liquid form — specifically through sugar-sweetened drinks like soda and even 100% fruit juice — were consistently linked to a sharply increased risk of developing T2D. (一方面，以液体形式摄入的糖——特别是通过苏打水甚至100%纯果汁等含糖饮料——与患2型糖尿病的风险急剧增加有关)”可知，各种液体饮料中的糖会带来更高的2型糖尿病风险。故选C。 6．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段中的“Why is there such a big difference? Researchers point to metabolism (新陈代谢). Liquid sugars from drinks act like isolated sugar floods entering the system. They cause rapid and large jumps in blood sugar, overwhelming the liver. This metabolic disruption leads to increased liver fat and insulin resistance — key factors in T2D development. By contrast, sugars added to solid foods are released much more slowly into the bloodstream. The fiber, fat, protein, and other beneficial nutrients naturally accompanying the sugar in these whole foods act as buffers, reducing the glycemic (血糖的) impact and preventing the liver from being overloaded.(为何二者会存在如此巨大的差异？研究人员认为根源在于新陈代谢机制。饮品中的液态糖如同纯粹的糖分洪流涌入人体代谢系统，会造成血糖急剧大幅飙升，给肝脏带来巨大负担。这种代谢紊乱会导致肝脏脂肪堆积、产生胰岛素抵抗，而这两点正是诱发 2 型糖尿病的关键因素。与之相反，固体食物中含有的糖分释放到血液中的速度要缓慢得多。这类天然完整食物里与糖分共存的膳食纤维、脂肪、蛋白质以及其他有益营养物质能够起到缓冲作用，减轻糖分对血糖的冲击，避免肝脏代谢过载。)”可知，第三段主要解释了液态糖和固态食物中的糖在代谢方式上的不同。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“The findings paint a contrasting picture. On one hand, sugars consumed in liquid form — specifically through sugar-sweetened drinks like soda and even 100% fruit juice — were consistently linked to a sharply increased risk of developing T2D. On the other hand, sugars naturally present in or added to solid, nutrient-dense whole foods (such as whole fruits, dairy products, or whole grains) appeared to be far less harmful or potentially even protective.(研究得出了两种截然不同的结果。一方面，液态形式摄入的糖分 —— 尤其是汽水这类含糖饮料，甚至百分百纯果汁中的糖分 —— 一直与患 2 型糖尿病风险大幅升高密切相关。另一方面，高营养天然固体食物（如完整水果、乳制品、全谷物）中天然含有的糖分或额外添加的糖分，危害性要小得多，甚至可能对身体起到保护作用。)”可知，液态形式摄入的糖分与患 2 型糖尿病风险大幅升高密切相关，而高营养天然固体食物危害性要小得多，甚至可能对身体起到保护作用，可以推断出，为了降低2型糖尿病的风险，用水果代替苏打水是最受该研究支持的实践。 8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Rather than criticizing all added sugars, future dietary guidelines might consider the different effects of sugar based on its source and form. (未来的饮食指南不应批评所有添加糖，而应考虑基于糖的来源和形式的不同影响)”可知，未来的饮食指南应考虑基于糖的来源和形式的不同影响，可以推断出，未来的饮食指南不应该对所有糖采取一刀切的方法，而应区别对待。 $