上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期高三年级英语学科12月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高三年级英语学科10月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. stored 2. can 3. to get 4. emerging 5. is characterized 6. that 7. with 8. whether 9. which 10. it Section B 11. E 12. K 13. J 14. D 15. F 16. A 17. C 18. H 19. B 20. G II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. A 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. C Section B 36. B 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. C 41. B 42. C 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. A Section C 47. D 48. F 49. B 50. C III. Summary Writing 51. Food security is the constant availability and access to food. Despite increased global food production, many people remain undernourished or face occasional food insecurity. Asia and Africa rank first and second in the number of undernourished people, and Africa has the most hungry people. Improving agriculture and controlling population growth matters for achieving food security, according to FAO and experts. IV. Translation 52. Cars equipped with self-driving technology have become all too familiar on the roads. 53. An old warehouse that had been abandoned for a long time in the village was turned into a restaurant. 54. This brand, which has been operating for 20 years, has witnessed the rise of China’s digital entertainment industry. 55. The former volleyball player was pleasantly surprised as he recognized one teammate after another in the photos, filled with deep emotions. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Editor, I am writing to share my reflections on your recent article concerning "classics". As an avid reader of your magazine, I found the topic profoundly intriguing. From my perspective, what distinguishes a true classic from fleeting entertainment is its remarkable ability to withstand the test of time and resonate deeply with audiences across generations. Moreover, classics frequently encapsulate universal values and timeless truths about human nature. A compelling case in point is Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's masterpiece, The Little Prince. Although superficially presented as a children's fairy tale, it actually offers profound philosophical insights into love, responsibility, and solitude. Whenever I revisit it at different stages of my life, I invariably uncover new layers of meaning, which perfectly exemplifies its enduring charm. In conclusion, classics are not merely relics of the past, but timeless treasures that continually enrich our souls. I sincerely hope your magazine will continue to introduce more such remarkable works to us. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高三年级英语学科12月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sleep Scientifically Dr Penny Lewis engineers sleep to improve memory and brain function. But to really help your brain, she says you need to start with the basics. Why is sleep important? Sleep regulates the immune system, it's involved in regulating our body temperature, and it has huge impacts on the brain. Recent research has shown that sleep is really important for getting toxins out of the brain. One of those toxins is beta amyloid, 1          (store) in the brain. It 2          build up and is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Sleep has been shown 3          (get) it out by up to 80 per cent compared to a waking state. You research sleep engineering. What is that? It's a(n) 4          (emerge) science based around controlling the sleep that people get in order to enhance its impact on health and memory. We are trying to enhance slow wave sleep, one of the deep phases of sleep, which 5          (characterize) by these high amplitude, slow oscillation brain waves, caused by loads of neurons firing in synchrony. When people are in slow wave sleep, we play a little click sound when they're approaching the peak of an oscillation, so soft 6          it won't wake them up. It enhances the synchronisation of the neurons, which improves memory. Slow wave sleep is one of the things that breaks down 7          age, so we're trying to enhance the amplitude of those waves to help people get more and deeper slow wave sleep; both healthy young people and older people. What other parts of sleep can you engineer? We're also interested in 8          sleep can help with processing emotions. There's a theory from Matt Walker at Berkeley 9          suggests that if you replay memories in REM sleep, you may strengthen the memory but remove the emotional content from 10         . We have been trying to test this. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. achingly B. coverage C. detect D. disturbing E. fascinating F. immediate G. interact H. mend I. subsequently J. surrounding K. thinking Science Large and Small Every year on the website Edge, scientists and other thinkers reply to one question. This year it's "What do you consider the most interesting recent news" in science? The answers are 11         . We're used to thinking of news as the events that happen in a city or country within a few weeks or months. But scientists expand our 12          to the unimaginably large and small. Here is just a bit of the scientific news. Our old familiar solar system has turned out to be full of surprises. Unmanned spacecraft have discovered that the planets 13          us are more puzzling, peculiar and dynamic than we would ever have thought. On our own planet, the big 14          news is that the effects of carbon on climate change are ever more evident and 15         . The ice sheets are melting, sea levels are rising, and last year was almost certainly the warmest on record. Our human response is 16          slow in contrast. The news about our particular human bodies and their ills is especially interesting. The idea that tiny invisible organisms make us sick was one of the great achievements of the scientific expansion of scale. But new machines that 17          the genetic signature of bacteria have shown that those invisible germs--the "microbiome"-aren't really the enemy. In fact, they're essential to keeping us well, and the great lifesaving advance of antibiotics (抗生素) comes with a cost. If new technology is helping us to understand and 18          the human body, it is also expanding the scope of the human mind. We've seen lots of media 19          about artificial intelligence over the past year, but the basic algorithms (算法) are not really new. The news is the amount of data and computational power that is available. Still, even if those advances are just about increases in data and computing power, they could deeply change how we 20          with the world. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. We've all experienced that terrible feeling of being distracted from the task at hand. But don't be too hard on your butterfly mind: our brains have evolved, 21         , to be distractible. We prize an ability to concentrate, but we need our attention to be 22         . If we focused too tightly we'd miss the creaking (嘎吱嘎吱的) floorboard that signifies an invader, or the smoke that announces fire. Attention has proven to be much more complicated, and weirder, than it seems. If you look closely at something-a photo of a landscape, say-you probably feel that you are noticing everything when, in fact, you're 23          just a few bits at a time. This is because the more you concentrate, the 24          your view becomes. Inattentional blindness, as this is known, has been shown in dozens of demonstrations. The most famous is a video of a group of people passing a basketball to each other. As the 25          continue, a person in a monkey suit walks into the middle of the group and beats his chest before slowly walking off. If you show the video to people who've never seen it before and instruct them to watch the ball closely, nearly all of them 26          to see the gorilla because it falls outside the range of their attention. 27         , attention is marked by neural (神经的) activity in the brain areas concerned with the object of attention. If you're listening to music, 28         , neurons will be activated in your auditory cortex (near the ears). If you're studying a picture, there will be activity in your visual brain (at the back of the head). Areas in the parietal brain lobes (upper rear of the brain) direct attention in three-dimensional space. The more you're 29          something, the more intense and persistent the activity. The back of the parietal lobe is particularly important for attention because it 30          your focus, like a hand guiding a torch. Damage to this area can make a person effectively 31          to whole chunks of the world--everything in the left half of their visual field, for example. Although they can see what's there, they don't because it doesn't attract their attention. They only 32          it when someone else forces them to attend to it. But attention-related blindness is something that we all 33          to a lesser degree, and it can reach into every area of our lives. People may be unaware that they live in a dirty house, that someone loves or hates them, or that they always wear odd socks. Such 34          may be good, but it can lead to disaster. Focusing on the task at hand is an important skill to learn, but sometimes it can be just as important to 35          our field of attention. 21. A. for good reason B. on a regular basis C. on a large scale D. for no purpose 22. A. personal B. flexible C. critical D. persistent 23. A. taking in B. seeing off C. looking up D. putting on 24. A. clearer B. more complex C. narrower D. more difficult 25. A. passes B. videos C. fights D. bits 26. A. expect B. hate C. begin D. fail 27. A. Culturally B. Spiritually C. Physically D. Historically 28. A. in addition B. as a result C. on the contrary D. for instance 29. A. believing in B. taking to C. hinting at D. focusing on 30. A. demands B. provides C. directs D. reflects 31. A. accessible B. opposed C. helpful D. blind 32. A. see B. recall C. hear D. forget 33. A. introduce B. experience C. evaluate D. integrate 34. A. intelligence B. ignorance C. interaction D. impression 35. A. survey B. maintain C. broaden D. restrict Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） In the animal kingdom, not getting eaten is a top priority. To this end, some species have developed weapons, such as a painful sting or a deadly bite, and warn other creatures of this fact with bright colors and patterns. Others, lacking weapons themselves, employ a foxier strategy. They simply copy the warning signs of a truly deadly creature, and as a result of this fakery, are left well alone. This phenomenon has been named Batesian mimicry after the scientist Henry Bates, who first observed it in the mid-1800s. While collecting butterflies in Brazil, Bates observed that a number of common, slow-flying butterflies were being ignored by predators even though they were easy catches. He guessed that these butterflies must taste disgusting and that predators had learned to avoid them as a result. He later observed that certain rare butterflies of different species shared color patterns with these bad-tasting butterflies. He concluded that the rare butterflies must gain some level of protection from the resemblance. Predators had come to connect certain color patterns with a nasty eating experience, and the rare butterflies had evolved to take advantage of this fact. Instances of Batesian mimicry can be found all over the animal kingdom. The harmless king snake, for example, unlike the inflexible rat snake, has developed a color pattern that is almost identical to that of the deadly coral snake. One look at the distinctive red, yellow, and black bands on a king snake is enough to make predators think twice about eating it, just in case it packs a venomous bite like its near twin. Similarly, many species of flies have the same black-and-yellow stripes as bees and wasps. Eager to avoid getting stung, most predators will stay well clear, though in fact these flies have no stingers to speak of. These examples show that animals don't have to pack deadly weapons to survive in nature. Sometimes, just pretending to be dangerous is good enough to make predators keep their distance. For these accomplished Batesian mimics, there's really no shame in faking it! 36. Which of the following is an example of a Batesian mimic? A. A harmless animal with colored patterns that help it hide easily. B. A harmless animal with the distinctive pattern of a deadly one. C. Dangerous animals with fatal weapons. D. Dangerous animals with bright colors. 37. What did Henry Bates find while observing butterflies in Brazil? A. Rare butterflies usually don't taste good. B. Butterflies in Brazil share similar color patterns. C. The slower the butterfly flies, the worse it tastes. D. Predators ignore some slow-flying butterflies. 38. Why is the king snake mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To explain what Batesian mimicry is. B. To prove how clever the king snake is. C. To illustrate how rare Batesian mimicry is. D. To warn what distinctive colors represent. 39. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To educate people how to recognize dangerous animals. B. To introduce the ways to survive in the animal kingdom. C. To illustrate the Batesian mimicry phenomenon in animals. D. To emphasize what should be the priority in the animal kingdom. （B） When we are trying to persuade people in formal speaking and writing, it is important to state a clear thesis. A thesis is the main point that we want to persuade our audience about. It states a position we are taking, and which we will present arguments to support. For example, someone might write to a clothes manufacturer with the thesis, The working conditions in your factory should be improved. What are the features of a good thesis? GOOD THESIS: It is just as important for girls to go to school as it is for boys. This thesis is something that we can make a case for, that we can argue. Some people might think that girls will just get married and have a family, so they don't need to have an education. Other people think that there are good reasons for women to be educated. BAD THESIS: Girls get higher marks in high school English exams. This is a weak thesis because it just states a fact. No reasonable person would disagree after they are shown the evidence, so there is no reason to argue for it. BAD THESIS: People in our village need to be educated about clean drinking water, and they need a maternal health clinic. This thesis has two ideas, not one. We can persuade people better by separating these points. One essay or speech can persuade the reader that education about clean drinking water is important, and the other essay or speech can try to convince people of the need for a maternal health clinic. GOOD THESIS: People in our village need to be educated about clean drinking water. There is one clear point to this thesis- that people need to learn about clean drinking water. BAD THESIS: Australia has a lot of problems. This thesis is too broad. Australia is a very big country with many things to talk about. If you try to cover unequal distribution of wealth, agriculture, the environment, education and pollution in the cities, your essay will need hundreds of pages of evidence to persuade people. BETTER THESIS: This thesis is better because it is more specific. Now you only need to find evidence for the effects of Australia's climate and how this can be related to the problems faced by Australians. You can talk about the other points another time. 40. Which of the following statements is a thesis? A. Fish supply in the ocean is declining. B. The summer vacation starts next Monday. C. It would be a good decision for your company to hire me. D. The city skyline is filled with towering skyscrapers and architectural marvels. 41. Match the following statements with each feature of a good thesis. a. A good thesis is specific. b. A good thesis clearly states a position on an issue that people have different views on. c. A good thesis focuses on one main point. A. c→b→a B. c→a→b C. a→c→b D. b→a→c 42. According to the last feature of a good thesis, which of the following thesis statements is the improved version of the thesis statement: Australia has a lot of problems? A. Australia's climate has drawn many tourists. B. Australia's climate is changing greatly nowadays. C. Australia has a lot of problems caused by its climate. D. Australia has done a lot to address its climate problems. （C） "Moby-Dick" was, for me, one of those books classified of "things you should have read a long time ago". Plus, I am a mathematician. And despite my interest in literature, my intellectual priorities did not include a 400-page novel about whales. That all changed one day when I overheard a mathematician friend mention that "Moby-Dick" contains a reference to cycloids. Cycloids are among the most beautiful mathematical curves (曲线) in existence-the French mathematician Blaise Pascal found them so distractingly fascinating that he claimed merely thinking about them could relieve the pain of a bad toothache--but applications to whaling are not usually listed on their resume. Curious, I finally read "Moby-Dick", and was delighted to find that it is full of mathematical metaphors. I realized further it's not just Herman Melville; Leo Tolstoy writes about calculus (微积分), James Joyce about geometry (几何). Regretfully, the connections between mathematics and literature have not received the attention they deserve. In fact, they are often considered to be against each other. I recall that at the end of my very last English class at school, in 1991, the teacher gave me a lovely handwritten note with a long list of books she thought I might like, saying, "Sorry to lose you to the lab." The idea that one would have to choose between mathematics and literature is, I think, something of a tragedy-not only because the two fields are fundamentally linked, but also because understanding these links can enhance your enjoyment of both. The perceived boundary between math and literature is actually a very recent idea. For most of recorded history, mathematics was part of every educated person's cultural awareness. The 11th-century Persian scholar Omar Khayyam, to whom the poetry collection known as the Rubaiyat is credited, was also a mathematician, and created beautiful geometric solutions to mathematical problems. In the 14th century, Chaucer wrote both "The Canterbury Tales" and a paper on the astrolabe (星盘，用于测量天体的距离). There are innumerable such examples, not least that of Lewis Carroll, who, of course, was a mathematician first and an author second. There is a deeper reason we find mathematics at the heart of literature. The universe is full of underlying structure, pattern and regularity, and mathematics is the best tool we have for understanding it--that's why mathematics is often called the language of the universe, and why it is so vital to science. Since we humans are part of the universe, it is only natural that our forms of creative expression, literature among them, will also reveal a tendency for pattern and structure. 43. What inspired the writer to read "Moby-Dick"? A. The topic of the book. B. His friend's recommendation. C. His long-time interest in literature. D. There being some maths in the book. 44. The writer's English teacher's words are mentioned in paragraph 4 in order to A. form a sharp contrast with the attainment he later made B. show that maths and literature are regarded as distinctive subjects C. protest against the unfair treatment he once received while young D. imply that mathematics and literature haven't received proper attention 45. What do Omar Khayyám, Chaucer and Lewis Carroll have in common? A. All of them were famous novelists. B. All of them were in favour of reading widely. C. All of them were masters in both maths and literature. D. All of them were aware of the boundary between maths and literature. 46. Which of the following statements is the writer most likely to agree with? A. Both maths and literature are part of the pursuit to understand the universe. B. There is enough research on the connections between maths and literature. C. Taking on maths and giving up literature was not a wise choice for him. D. Mathematicians may find it hard to understand ideas embedded in literature. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Inflammation, though, is an essential part of healing. B. And context matters. C. That's why researchers such as Morris prefer to study overall dietary patterns rather than particular ingredients. D. The underlying science, however, is somewhat shaky. E. When inflammation becomes long-term or systemic, there's a price to pay. F. That diet has been shown in well-designed studies to reduce key markers of inflammation and the risk of heart disease. The Messy Facts about Diet and Inflammation Hop on the Internet or visit a bookstore, and you will see numerous "anti-inflammatory " diets, dishing out recipes and hope. Sure, plenty of foods have been found to reduce inflammation-many of them in laboratory experiments as opposed to in people: turmeric, blueberries, tea, various vegetables, fish. University of South Carolina professors James and Nitin Shivappa surveyed 1,943 such studies and published in 2014 a Dietary Inflammatory Index, with 45 food elements. They created it as a research tool for evaluating diets it's built from studies that varied widely in methodology. When I asked Ridker his views on anti-inflammatory diets, he grew uneasy. "This has caught on like wildfire," he says, "but I have seen extremely little data that say this piece of food is 'anti-inflammatory' and this piece is not." He advises his own patients to eat a Mediterranean-type diet, heavy on vegetables, whole grains and fish and light on red meat and processed foods. 47          Would it be even more effective if it incorporated more blueberries and turmeric? No one knows for sure. Diet research is tricky. Some food, like turmeric, may work anti-inflammatory wonders for mice, but "that's in the context of them eating with a whole different set of nutrients," explains Martha Clare Morris, a nutritional epidemiologist at Chicago's Rush University. The typical Mediterranean diet calls for loads of seafood a week, and yet studies of people taking fish oils as a supplement have not found much benefit. The virtues of fish may lie elsewhere or have more to do with displacing meat. 48          A current project examines whether cognitive decline can be slowed with a diet called the MIND, which combines elements of the Mediterranean diet with another well-studied diet called DASH. It will look at inflammation, but results won't be out soon. Until then, there is no harm in adding more so-called anti-inflammatory ingredients to your diet. 49          suggests a spicy tea (loaded with ginger, turmeric and pepper). But remember, 50         ! So don't drink it with cookies and chips. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Food Security Food security refers to the availability of food and one's access to it. A household is considered food-secure when its occupants do not live in hunger or fear of starvation. According to the World Resources Institute, global per capita food production has been increasing substantially for the past several decades. Worldwide, around 852 million people are suffering from long-term starvation due to extreme poverty, while up to 2 billion people lack food security occasionally due to varying degrees of poverty (source: Food and Agriculture Organisation, 2003). As of late 2007, export restrictions and panic buying, US Dollar Depreciation, increased farming for use in biofuels, world oil prices at more than $100 a barrel, global population growth, climate change, and loss of agricultural land to residential and industrial development are claimed to have pushed up the price of grain. The number of people without enough food to eat on a regular basis remains high, at over 800 million, and is not falling significantly. Over 60% of the world's undernourished people live in Asia, and a quarter in Africa. The proportion of people who are hungry, however, is greater in Africa (33%) than Asia (16%). The latest FAO figures indicate that there are 22 countries, 16 of which are in Africa, in which the undernourishment rate is over 35%. In its "The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2003," FAO states that: "In general the countries that succeeded in reducing hunger were characterised by more rapid growth in their agricultural sectors." So, according to FAO, addressing agriculture and population growth is vital to achieving food security. Other organisations, and experts such as the philosopher Peter Singer, have also come to this conclusion and advocate improvements in agriculture and population control. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 具备自动驾驶技术的汽车在道路上已经屡见不鲜。(familiar) 53. 村子里弃用已久的一处旧仓库被改造成了饭店。(turn) 54. 这是一个经营了 20 年的品牌，它见证了中国数字娱乐行业的崛起。(witness) 55. 这位曾经的排球运动员惊喜地辨认着照片上的一个个队友，感慨万分。(as) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在一份英语杂志上读到一篇关于“经典”的文章，你对此话题很感兴趣，给该杂志“读者来信”专栏写一封信，内容须包括： 1) 你认为“经典作品（如音乐、文学、电影等）”有哪些特点； 2) 用一个具体例子说明你的观点。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $