精品解析：上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2026-2027学年高一上学期10月练习英语试卷

华东师大二附中2026学年第一学期 10月练习高一英语 （满分140分，120分钟完成） 第I卷（共100分） I. Listening comprehension Directions : In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard. 1. A. 7:00. B. 6:30. C. 6:00. D. 7:30. 2. A. They are likely to have a great review. B. They will stay there for a longer time. C. They are to enjoy ice cream in an easy way. D. The ice cream store is too big to imagine. 3. A. He was involved in a traffic accident. B. He was not able to get to work on time. C. He is seriously sick of his car. D. He had his car stolen. 4. A. The woman planned to travel by high-speed rail. B. One of the man’s ears absolutely deaf. C. The traffic app may help them to avoid a heavy traffic. D. They are driving at a high speed as they planned. 5. A. At the bus stop of Shanghai Disneyland. B. At the platform of a subway. C. At Shanghai railway station. D. At a bus stop somewhere in Shanghai. 6. A. Policewoman and driver. B. Nurse and patient. C. Librarian and reader. D. Hotel manager and guest. 7. A. They have adopted at least two kids. B. They will have more adopted kids. C. The couple are from Africa. D. They are an extended family. 8. A. Ms. Zeng is planning to raise the raw material cost due to the raised labour cost. B. The man is hesitating about whether he will buy certain products or not. C. The quality of the products is really far from the man’s expectation. D. The man has made up his mind to give the negotiation a stop. 9. A. She does not approve of the man’s way in describing people's speech. B. She believes that people’s speaking in an elegant way is amazing. C. She doesn’t believe people may speak elegantly in real life. D. She was in doubt about the man’s characters in the novel. 10. A. Their wedding anniversary is coming soon. B. They’d better find another restaurant to celebrate their wedding anniversary. C. The woman should be more patient on such a big day. D. The driving is dull because of the heavy traffic. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. 15.000. B. 5,000,000. C. 15,000,000. D. 50,000,000. 12. A. The Chinese people are really good at the world’s most popular sport, soccer. B. Within next decades, more than 90,000 soccer fields will be built across the country. C. Chinese men have qualified for the World Cup final only once in 2002. D. In contrast to men, Chinese women soccer players are more successful. 13. A. Some billionaires in China. B. President Xi Jinping. C. Jackson Martinez. D. The Chinese people. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. It gives students more time to digest what they’ve learned. B. It is flexible in planning classes, social practice and personal projects. C. Plenty of social practice frees students of worries about their future career. D. Students have more time to enjoy their life in universities. 15. A. The length of each semester varies in the Chinese trimester. B. All those “Project 985” universities have applied this trimester system. C. Student should take as many courses as possible in summer semester. D. Taking other subjects should be off the list in summer semester. 16. A. Taking more courses in summer semester. B. Having an efficient arrangement in studying contents. C. Taking an active part in promoting academic environment. D. Paying not attention to changes in academic schedules. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. At home. B. In a studio. C. In office. D. At school. 18. A. An English programme. B. Something annoying. C. An expression. D. A goat called Fred. 19. A. Nell’s goat is really a mad goat, a troublemaker. B. Nell really makes Feifei mad. C. Nell’s goat was really annoying to everyone. D. Nell’s goat annoys Feifei due to its smell. 20. A. Your best friend told you that he’s past the driving test. B. Some cars are blowing their horns when you are doing a test inside. C. You are riding a bicycle with you classmates in the street. D. Your neighbour brings you a cake because it is her daughter’s birthday. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: In this section, you are given 10 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to make the best choice to complete the incomplete sentences. 1. When you go by train, make sure you ______ an express, not a train that stops at all the stations. A. will get B. get C. would get D. should get 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：当你坐火车去的时候，一定要坐快车，而不是所有站都停的火车。make sure后面接宾语从句的用法，当从句中表示的是将来的事情时，通常采用一般现在时态来表示。故选B。 2. The new tunnel________ by the end of last month. A. has been completed B. had been completed C. was completed D. would be completed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：到上个月底为止，这条新隧道已经竣工了。句中的时间状语“by the end of last month”表示动作在过去的某个时间点之前已经完成，即“过去的过去”，因此句子需使用过去完成时。同时，主语The new tunnel与动词complete之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，需使用被动语态。因此，此处应使用过去完成时的被动语态：had been done。 3. We rushed to the airport to see John off, only________that the plane________several minutes before. A. told; took off B. being told; had taken off C. to be told; had taken off D. to be told; took off 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们匆忙赶到机场去给约翰送行，结果却被告知飞机几分钟前已经起飞了。第一空，“only + 动词不定式”作结果状语，常表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果，且主语We与动词tell之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故使用不定式的被动式to be told；第二空，宾语从句中的动作“飞机起飞”发生在“被告知”（过去）之前，属于“过去的过去”，故应用过去完成时had taken off。 4. The English evening was gorgeous. It ________ years since I enjoyed myself so much. A. is B. was C. had been D. will be 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：英语晚会太棒了。我已经有很多年没有玩得这么开心了。本句考查固定句型“It is/has been + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”表示“自从……以来已经有多长时间了”，主句可用一般现在时态，也可用现在完成时态，所以该题用is。 5. When my brother________ into the office, I________ a video meeting. A. came; was having B. would come; had C. had come; was having D. came; would have 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：当我哥哥走进办公室时，我正在开视频会议。when引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句表示在过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，通常使用过去进行时（was/were doing）；而从句表示在过去某个时间点发生的短暂动作，通常使用一般过去时（did）。根据句意可知，哥哥走进办公室是一个瞬间动作，用一般过去时came；而当时“我”正在开视频会议是一个持续进行的动作，用过去进行时was having。 6. The result of the maths exam has come out. This is the first time that I________ relieved in senior high school and I think it is high time that I________ to work hard on English. A. felt; should start B. have felt; started C. feels: will start D. have felt; start 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：这是我第一次在高中感到轻松，我认为，我应该要开始努力学习英语了。根据句子分析可知，空1为固定句型：this is the first time that…“是某人第一次做某事”，主句为is，that从句应用现在完成时have done，故填have felt；空2为句型it is high time that…“该做某事了”，that从句使用did/should+do，故填started/should start，故选B。 7. It was not until the contract was checked carefully that ________ the payment. A. did he make B. would he make C. he has made D. he made 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：直到合同被仔细检查后，他才付款。It was not until + 从句 + that...是not until的强调句型，that后面的主句不用倒装（倒装只出现在Not until置于句首的情况）；主句时态要和was保持一致，用一般过去时。he made为陈述语序且时态正确。 8. On the notice board the poster________, “APPLY NOW FOR OVERSEAS INTERNSHIPS!” A. reads B. is read C. reading D. is reading 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：布告栏上的海报上写着：“现在申请海外实习！”当动词read表示“（标牌、文章等）写着，显示”时，是不及物动词，固定使用主动形式表示被动意义，不能使用被动语态。同时，本句缺少谓语动词，且描述的是海报上客观存在的文字状态，需使用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数形式，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 9. The students have decided on a final date by which everyone ________ reading the books assigned by their professor. A. finishes B. finished C. have finished D. will have finished 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：学生们决定了最后的日期，到那时每个人都将读完教授布置的书。根据“a final date by which”可知，此处表示将来某个时间完成的动作，应该用将来完成时，故D项正确。 10. I________ the paper since daybreak, but I haven’t finished it yet. A. have written B. have been written C. write D. have been writing 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：从破晓开始我就一直在写这篇论文，但我还没有写完。根据句中的时间状语since daybreak以及后半句“but I haven’t finished it yet”可知，“写论文”这个动作从过去（破晓）开始，一直持续到现在，并且仍在进行中，因此应使用现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时的结构为“have/has been doing”，主语为第一人称I，故填入have been writing。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, ____11____ great winds, have blown me here and there, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very edge of despair. I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy — ecstasy so great ____12____ I would often have sacrificed all the rest of my life for a few hours for this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness — that terrible loneliness ____13____ one shivering consciousness looks over the edge of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss (深渊). I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it ____14____ seem too good for human life, this is what — at last — I have found. With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars ____15____ (shine). And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved. Love and knowledge, as far as they were possible, ____16____ (lead) upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain echo in my heart. Children in famine, victims ____17____ (torture) by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery (嘲弄) of ____18____ human life should be. I long ____19____ (ease) the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer. This has been my life. I have found it worth ____20____ (live), and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me. 【答案】11. like 12. that 13. where 14. might 15. shine 16. led 17. tortured 18. what 19. to ease 20. living 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要讲述了作者一生被三种激情支配：对爱、知识的追求以及对人类苦难的悲悯。爱与知识引他向往美好，悲悯又将他拉回现实，他认为此生值得。 【11题详解】 考查介词。句意：这些激情如同巨大的风，将我吹向四面八方，在痛苦的深海中飘荡，一路走向绝望的边缘。根据句意可知，此处为介词like表示“像、如同”，构成比喻修辞，符合句子逻辑与结构。 【12题详解】 考查结果状语从句。句意：我首先追寻爱，因为它带来极致的欢愉——那欢愉如此之大，我常常愿意为几小时的快乐，牺牲自己余生的一切。分析句子可知，此处是固定句型so...that...，意为“如此…… 以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，符合语境。 【13题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我其次追寻爱，因为它能驱散孤独——那种可怕的孤独，当一个人颤抖的意识俯瞰世界的边缘，凝视着冰冷而无边无际的死寂深渊。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是loneliness（孤独，抽象地点概念），定语从句主干完整，不缺主语/宾语，需用关系副词where引导，相当于in which，表示“在这种孤独之中”。 【14题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：这正是我所追寻的，尽管它似乎对人类的生活而言过于美好，但最终，我终于找到了它。根据句意可知，此处为情态动词might表示委婉、弱化的推测，贴合让步语气；同时与前文would often have sacrificed的虚拟委婉语气呼应。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：我渴望知道星星为什么闪耀。此处为谓语动词的填入，“星星为何闪耀”是客观真理/ 自然现象，宾语从句用一般现在时；主语the stars是复数，因此用动词原形shine。 【16题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：爱与知识，尽其所能地向上攀升，直抵天际。后文But always pity brought me back to earth用了一般过去时，前后时态保持一致；主语Love and knowledge是复数，lead的过去式为led。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：痛苦的呻吟在心中回荡：饥荒中的孩童、被压迫者折磨的受害者、无助的老人们成为儿子们憎恨的负担，以及整个充满孤独、贫穷与痛苦的世界，都嘲笑着人类应有的生活。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰victims，victims（受害者）和 torture（折磨）之间是被动关系，用过去分词tortured作后置定语。 【18题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：痛苦的呻吟在心中回荡：饥荒中的孩童、被压迫者折磨的受害者、无助的老人们成为儿子们憎恨的负担，以及整个充满孤独、贫穷与痛苦的世界，都嘲笑着人类应有的生活。分析句子可知，介词of`后接宾语从句，从句中be动词缺表语，用what引导，指代“人类生活本该有的样子”，what human life should be是常见表达。 【19题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：我渴望消除这些苦难，却无能为力，我也同样承受着痛苦。此处为固定搭配long to do sth.意为“渴望做某事”，因此填不定式to ease。 【20题详解】 考查动名词。句意：我觉得这样的人生值得度过，若有机会，我愿再次选择它。此处为固定结构be worth doing意为“值得做某事”，主动形式表达被动含义，因此填living，表示“我觉得这样的人生值得一过”。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. landmark B. communities C. reminder D. division E. available F. addressing G. additional H. challenge I. generating J. define K. mark Happy 60th anniversary, Notting Hill carnival — a symbol of all that London can be This bank holiday weekend, the streets of Notting Hill once again set the stage for one of the greatest celebrations on Earth. On its 60th anniversary, Notting Hill carnival proved itself to be bigger, bolder and more vibrant than ever. It’s now the world’s second-largest street festival, attracting people across the globe and ____21____ £400m for the UK economy each year. But carnival has always been much more than just a party. It’s a loud and proud celebration of Caribbean culture and the extraordinary contribution that Caribbean ____22____ have made to our capital city. For me, it represents London at its very best: people of different ages, backgrounds, colours and creeds coming together, sharing in the joy of one another’s traditions and cultures, and celebrating the incredible diversity that has come to ____23____ the city we all call home. That’s why I was delighted to step forward with a(n) ____24____ £4.66m of funding to help ensure Londoners and visitors could once again enjoy this incredible event. The money we made ____25____ was vital for supporting organisers to implement increased safety measures, including doubling the number of stewards and allowing more signs and temporary CCTV cameras to be installed. The 60th anniversary of carnival is a(n) ____26____ moment for London and I was determined City Hall should pull out all the stops to assist because it’s also a ____27____ of how far we’ve come as a city. Our city has come a long way since those first celebrations. But we know that racism has not disappeared. Indeed, the frightening rise of nativist populist movements in recent years demonstrates that the urgent work of ____28____ prejudice (偏见) and building a fairer city is far from finished. But what carnival’s founders understood is the extraordinary power of culture: to ____29____ racism, build understanding and turn strangers into neighbours. They responded to a moment of ____30____ and fear with pure joy — and in doing so, they helped shape a more open and inclusive London for all of us. So to everyone who has carried carnival forward over the past 60 years — the pioneers, organisers, masqueraders, musicians, costume-makers, volunteers, police officers, paramedics and generations of Londoners who have made it their own — thank you. Here’s to another 60 years of celebrating our incredible communities and this beautiful city we have built together. 【答案】21. I 22. B 23. J 24. G 25. E 26. A 27. C 28. F 29. H 30. D 【解析】 【导语】文章庆祝诺丁山狂欢节举办60周年，指出它不仅是全球第二大街头节日、每年为英国经济创收4亿英镑，更是加勒比文化贡献与伦敦多元包容精神的象征。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：它如今是全球第二大街头节日，吸引着来自世界各地的人们，每年为英国经济带来4亿英镑的收入。根据下文“£400m for the UK economy”可知，此处说的是狂欢节每年为英国经济创造收益；动词generate意为“产生，带来”，与attracting并列，用现在分词形式generating作伴随状语。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：这是对加勒比文化和加勒比社群为我们首都所作杰出贡献的响亮而自豪的庆祝。根据下文“have made to our capital city”可知，此处说的是生活在伦敦的加勒比群体对首都的贡献；名词community意为“社群，群体”，作定语从句的主语，谓语为have made，用复数形式communities。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：对我而言，它代表了伦敦最美好的一面：不同年龄、背景、肤色和信仰的人们聚在一起，分享彼此传统与文化的喜悦，共同庆祝这令人惊叹的多元性——它已然界定为我们共同称之为家的这座城市的标志。根据下文“people of different ages, backgrounds, colours and creeds coming together, sharing in the joy of one another’s traditions and cultures, and celebrating the incredible diversity”和“the city we all call home”可知，此处说的是这种多样性界定了伦敦这座城市；动词define意为“定义，界定”，位于has come to后，用动词原形。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这就是为什么我欣然宣布追加460万英镑资金，以帮助确保伦敦人和游客能再次享受这一不可思议的活动。根据上文“step forward”和下文“£4.66m of funding ”可知，此处说的是这笔资金是在原有支持之外额外拨出的；形容词additional意为“额外的，追加的”，修饰名词funding，用定语。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们提供的资金对于支持组织者实施更多安全措施至关重要。根据下文“to implement increased safety measures”可知，此处说的是这笔钱是可供使用的；形容词available意为“可获得的，可用的”，作后置定语修饰money。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：狂欢节60周年对伦敦来说是一个里程碑式的时刻，我决心让市政厅竭尽全力提供协助，因为它也提醒着我们，作为一座城市，我们一路走来取得了多大的进步。根据上文“The 60th anniversary of carnival”可知，60周年是具有标志性意义的重要时刻；名词landmark意为“里程碑”，修饰名词moment，作定语。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：狂欢节60周年对伦敦来说是一个里程碑式的时刻，我决心让市政厅竭尽全力提供协助，因为它也提醒着我们，作为一座城市，我们一路走来取得了多大的进步。根据上文“The 60th anniversary of carnival”和下文“how far we’ve come as a city”可知，狂欢节60周年提醒人们伦敦在多元包容方面的进步；名词reminder意为“提醒，提示”，作表语。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：事实上，近年来本土主义民粹运动的惊人崛起表明，解决偏见、建设更公平城市的紧迫工作远未完成。根据下文“prejudice (偏见) and building a fairer city”可知，此处说的是消除偏见、建设更公平城市的工作；动词address意为“处理，解决”，位于介词of后，用动名词形式addressing作宾语。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：但狂欢节的创始人所理解的是文化的非凡力量：挑战种族主义、建立理解、把陌生人变成邻居。根据上文“the extraordinary power of culture:”和下文“racism”可推知，文化具有挑战种族主义的力量；动词challenge意为“挑战”，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：他们用纯粹的欢乐回应了一个分裂和恐惧的时刻。根据下文“fear”可知，此处说的是与恐惧并列的负面状态；名词division意为“分裂”，与fear并列作介词of的宾语。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A decade after the beginning of a sea star wasting disease (SSWD) epidemic — considered the largest ever documented in the wild — researchers have identified the microbial cause responsible: a strain of the bacterium Vibrio pectenicida (弧菌). In 10 years, the bacterium has ____31____ sunflower sea stars along the western coast of North America, with a loss of 5.8 billion since 2013 — or 90% of the total global population. The sunflower sea star is now on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s red list of ____32____ species. Previous studies had tested for a pathogen (病原体) in tissue samples and got inconclusive results. ____33____, by examining the sea stars’ coelomic fluid (体腔液), which acts like blood, researchers were able to confirm with certainty V. pectenicida’s role in causing SSWD ____34____ its high concentration there. Infection begins with exterior lesions (外部损伤), leading to limb loss and contortion, and ____35____ kills afflicted (受折磨的) individuals by melting their tissues into a white, mucus-like paste. Identifying the disease in afflicted sea stars was impossible without a known pathogen, as sea stars can respond with similar visual signals to other ____36____ such as low oxygen, extreme heat and salinity variation. The indirect link between ____37____ ocean temperatures and SSWD remains a key area of interest, since Vibrio species are known to increase in warm water. The decline of sunflower sea stars has ____38____ for marine ecosystems beyond the loss of a single species. “In the ____39____ of sunflower stars, kelp-eating sea urchin populations increase, which means the loss of kelp (海藻) forests, and that has ____40____ implications for all the other marine species and humans that rely on them,” said Dr Melanie Prentice, who led the research. Kelp forests provide ____41____ for thousands of marine creatures, support local economies through fisheries and recreation, and are culturally important for First Nations and tribal communities. They also ____42____ sediments (沉积物), protect coastlines from storms, and are an important carbon sink. ____43____ the epidemic is still ongoing, the hope is that this ____44____ will aid recovery and treatment efforts for various sea star species and the ecosystems affected by their decline. Methods being explored include captive breeding for resistant individuals and developing probiotic solutions. “Now that we have found the causative agent of disease, it makes me ____45____ that we might actually be able to do something for sunflower sea stars,” says Dr Alyssa Gehman. 31. A. protected B. destroyed C. attracted D. observed 32. A. widely distributed B. critically endangered C. commercially valued D. officially warned 33. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. Besides D. However 34. A. in spite of B. on behalf of C. due to D. according to 35. A. eventually B. initially C. fortunately D. rarely 36. A. instructors B. influencers C. stressors D. reminders 37. A. changing B. dropping C. remaining D. rising 38. A. advantages B. influences C. limitations D. consequences 39. A. presence B. control C. absence D. recovery 40. A. narrow B. broad C. slight D. similar 41. A. habitat B. protection C. transport D. nutrition 42. A. disturb B. replace C. stabilise D. create 43. A. Because B. Unless C. Though D. Once 44. A. breakthrough B. tradition C. mystery D. warning 45. A. doubtful B. eventful C. hopeful D. grateful 【答案】31. B 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. D 39. C 40. B 41. A 42. C 43. C 44. A 45. C 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述研究人员发现海星消耗病由弧菌引起，该病已摧毁大量向日葵海星，并对海洋生态系统产生广泛影响。这一突破为海星恢复和治疗带来希望。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：十年间，这种细菌摧毁了北美西海岸的向日葵海星，自2013年以来损失了58亿只，占全球总数的90%。A. protected保护；B. destroyed摧毁；C. attracted吸引；D. observed观察。根据下文“with a loss of 5.8 billion since 2013 — or 90% of the total global population”可知，细菌“摧毁”了大量海星。 【32题详解】 考查形容词短语。句意：向日葵海星现在被列入国际自然保护联盟的极危物种红色名录。A. widely distributed广泛分布的；B. critically endangered极危的；C. commercially valued有商业价值的；D. officially warned被正式警告的。根据上文“with a loss of 5.8 billion since 2013 — or 90% of the total global population”所述损失90%的种群数量可知，该物种属于“极危”物种。 【33题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，通过检查海星的体腔液，研究人员能够确定弧菌在导致SSWD中的作用，因为其浓度很高。A. Therefore因此；B. Furthermore此外；C. Besides此外；D. However然而。根据上文“Previous studies... got inconclusive results.”与下文“researchers were able to confirm with certainty V. pectenicida’s role in causing SSWD”研究人员成功确认病因形成转折可知，此处表示“然而”。 【34题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：然而，通过检查海星的体腔液，研究人员能够确定弧菌在导致SSWD中的作用，因为其浓度很高。A. in spite of尽管；B. on behalf of代表；C. due to由于；D. according to根据。根据下文“its high concentration there”可知，是“由于”浓度高才确认其作用。 【35题详解】 考查副词。句意：感染始于外部损伤，导致肢体脱落和扭曲，最终通过将受感染个体的组织融化成白色黏液状糊状物而杀死它们。A. eventually最终；B. initially最初；C. fortunately幸运地；D. rarely很少。根据上文“Infection begins with exterior lesions”以及下文“kills afflicted (受折磨的) individuals”可知，疾病发展过程“最终”导致死亡。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：在缺乏已知病原体的情况下，要确定患病海星所患的疾病是不可能的，因为海星对低氧、极端高温和盐度变化等其他压力因素也会表现出相似的视觉信号。A. instructors指导者；B. influencers影响者；C. stressors压力源；D. reminders提醒物。根据下文“such as low oxygen, extreme heat and salinity variation”可知，这些是环境中的“压力源”。 【37题详解】 考查动词。句意：海洋温度上升与SSWD之间的间接联系仍然是一个关键关注领域，因为已知弧菌在温暖水域中会增加。A. changing变化；B. dropping下降；C. remaining保持；D. rising上升。根据下文“since Vibrio species are known to increase in warm water”可知，是海洋温度“上升”。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：向日葵海星的减少对海洋生态系统产生了超出单一物种丧失的后果。A. advantages优势；B. influences影响；C. limitations限制；D. consequences后果。根据下文“for marine ecosystems beyond the loss of a single species”可知，海星减少带来了更广泛的“后果”。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：“在向日葵海星缺失的情况下，以海藻为食的海胆种群数量会增加，这意味着海藻林的消失，而这将对所有其他海洋物种以及依赖它们的人类产生广泛影响，”领导这项研究的梅拉妮·普伦蒂斯博士说。A. presence存在；B. control控制；C. absence缺失；D. recovery恢复。根据上文海星大量减少以及下文“kelp-eating sea urchin populations increase”可知，这是在海星“缺失”的情况下发生的事情。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“在向日葵海星缺失的情况下，以海藻为食的海胆种群数量会增加，这意味着海藻林的消失，而这将对所有其他海洋物种以及依赖它们的人类产生广泛影响，”领导这项研究的梅拉妮·普伦蒂斯博士说。A. narrow狭窄的；B. broad广泛的；C. slight轻微的；D. similar相似的。根据下文“for all the other marine species and humans that rely on them”可知，这将对所有其他海洋物种和依赖它们的人类产生影响，所以影响是“广泛的”。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：海藻森林为数千种海洋生物提供栖息地，通过渔业和娱乐支持当地经济，并且对原住民和部落社区具有文化重要性。A. habitat栖息地；B. protection保护；C. transport运输；D. nutrition营养。根据上文“Kelp forests provide”和下文“for thousands of marine creatures”可推知，海藻森林为海洋生物提供“栖息地”。 【42题详解】 考查动词。句意：它们还稳定沉积物，保护海岸线免受风暴侵袭，并且是重要的碳汇。A. disturb打扰；B. replace取代；C. stabilise稳定；D. create创造。根据下文“sediments”以及海藻森林的生态功能可知，它们“稳定”沉积物。 【43题详解】 考查连词。句意：尽管疫情仍在持续，但希望这一突破将有助于各种海星物种以及受其衰退影响的生态系统的恢复和治疗工作。A. Because因为；B. Unless除非；C. Though尽管；D. Once一旦。根据上文“the epidemic is still ongoing”与下文“the hope is that this ____ will aid recovery”形成让步关系可知，此处表示“尽管”。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管疫情仍在持续，但希望这一突破将有助于各种海星物种以及受其衰退影响的生态系统的恢复和治疗工作。A. breakthrough突破；B. tradition传统；C. mystery谜团；D. warning警告。根据上文研究人员确认了病原体可知，这是一项“突破”。 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“既然我们已经找到了疾病的致病因子，这让我充满希望，我们也许真的能为向日葵海星做些什么”，Alyssa Gehman博士说。A. doubtful怀疑的；B. eventful多事的；C. hopeful充满希望的；D. grateful感激的。根据下文“that we might actually be able to do something for sunflower sea stars”可知，这一发现让研究者感到“充满希望”。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I was eleven when my grandmother handed me her recipe book. It wasn’t beautiful — the cover was stained with decades of oil splatters, and the pages were held together with rubber bands that had long lost their stretch. “You’re the only one who ever asked,” she said, her voice carrying something between gratitude and surprise. My cousins wanted her jewelry. My mother wanted the antique vase. I wanted the secrets of her kitchen. Every Saturday that summer, I rode my bicycle three miles to her small apartment. The elevator was always broken, so I climbed four flights of stairs, the smell of garlic and thyme growing stronger with each step. She never used measuring cups. “A handful of this,” she’d say, her weathered hands pouring flour into a chipped ceramic bowl. “A pinch of that.” I tried to write it down, but she’d wave her hand. “Recipes aren’t in the words,” she insisted. “They’re in the watching.” So I watched. I watched how she kneaded dough (揉面团) with the heels of her palms, folding and pressing in a rhythm that seemed older than memory. I watched how she knew the sauce was ready not by a timer but by the way the bubbles slowed and the color deepened. I watched how she tasted with her eyes closed, as if listening to something the rest of us couldn’t hear. By August, I could make her marinara sauce without the recipe. When I told her, she smiled and said nothing. The next Saturday, she was gone. A stroke (中风), the doctors said. Quick and quiet. For years afterward, I couldn’t bring myself to open her recipe book. It sat on my shelf, the rubber bands finally crumbling to dust. Then one evening, my own daughter asked me how to make “the pasta sauce.” I reached for the book, then stopped. I closed my eyes. My hands remembered. “A handful of this,” I said. “A pinch of that.” She watched me the way I once watched my grandmother. And in that moment, I understood: the recipe was never in the book. It was in the watching, and in the passing on. 46. What does the author suggest by saying “the pages were held together with rubber bands that had long lost their stretch” in paragraph one? A. The recipe book was poorly made. B. The book had been used for a very long time. C. The grandmother was too poor to buy a new book. D. The rubber bands were no longer functional. 47. Why did the grandmother never write down precise measurements? A. She was too old to read or write. B. She wanted to keep the recipes a secret. C. She believed cooking was learned through observation. D. She didn’t own any measuring cups or spoons. 48. What does the underlined word “crumbling” in paragraph 5 most likely mean? A. Breaking into small pieces B. Becoming tighter C. Changing color D. Disappearing suddenly 49. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Family recipes should always be written down. B. Cooking skills are passed down through observation and practice. C. Grandparents are the best teachers in a family. D. Food is the only way to connect generations. 【答案】46. B 47. C 48. A 49. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者从祖母那里学习烹饪，最终领悟到食谱的真谛在于观察与传承。 【46题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“It wasn’t beautiful — the cover was stained with decades of oil splatters, and the pages were held together with rubber bands that had long lost their stretch.(它并不美观——封面上沾满了几十年的油渍，书页被早已失去弹性的橡皮筋捆在一起)”可知，作者说橡皮筋早已失去弹性，是为了说明这本书已经被使用了很长时间。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“She never used measuring cups. ‌“A handful of this,” she’d say, her weathered hands pouring flour into a chipped ceramic bowl. ‌“A pinch of that.” I tried to write it down, but she’d wave her hand. ‌“Recipes aren’t in the words,” she insisted. ‌“They’re in the watching.”(她从不使用量杯。“一把这个，”她会说，饱经风霜的手把面粉倒进一个有缺口的陶瓷碗里。“一撮那个。”我试着写下来，但她会摆摆手。“食谱不在文字里，”她坚持说。“它们在观察中。”)”可知，祖母从不写下精确的用量，是因为她认为烹饪是通过观察来学习的。 【48题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段中“For years afterward, I couldn’t bring myself to open her recipe book. It sat on my shelf, the rubber bands finally crumbling to dust.(此后多年，我一直无法鼓起勇气打开她的食谱。它放在我的书架上，橡皮筋最终crumbling成灰尘)”可知，画线词“crumbling”与“to dust(化为灰尘)”相呼应，意为“碎裂、破碎”，与“Breaking into small pieces(碎成小块)”意思一致。 【49题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“‌“Recipes aren’t in the words,” she insisted. ‌“They’re in the watching.”(“食谱不在文字里，”她坚持说。“它们在观察中。”)”和最后一段中“She watched me the way I once watched my grandmother. And in that moment, I understood: the recipe was never in the book. It was in the watching, and in the passing on.(她看着我，就像我曾经看着我的祖母一样。在那一刻，我明白了：食谱从来不在书里。它在观察中，在传承中)”可知，文章通过作者向祖母学习烹饪并最终传授给女儿的故事，说明烹饪技能是通过观察和实践传承下来的。 (B) For many young people in Shanghai, the journey to school has become a daily test of patience, planning, and physical endurance. A 2024 survey of 1,200 high school students across the city found that the average one-way commute takes 47 minutes — a figure that has risen steadily over the past decade. The survey, conducted by the Shanghai Youth Research Institute, also revealed that nearly 40% of respondents spend more than an hour traveling to school each way. The impact extends beyond mere inconvenience. Students who commute for over 90 minutes daily are twice as likely to report feeling chronically tired during class, and 35% say they regularly skip breakfast because of time constraints. “I leave home at 6:10 and don’t get back until 7:30 in the evening,” says Li Wei, a 17-year-old from Pudong. “By the time I finish homework, there’s no time for anything else.” The city has responded with several initiatives. Since 2022, Shanghai has expanded its “school bus priority lane” program, adding dedicated bus lanes on 38 major routes during morning and evening peak hours. Additionally, the municipal education commission has encouraged districts to adopt flexible school start times, allowing high schools to begin as late as 8:30 a.m. rather than the traditional 7:30. However, not all families benefit equally. Students in central districts like Huangpu and Jing’an average just 28 minutes per commute, while those in outer districts like Fengxian and Jinshan face journeys exceeding 70 minutes. The gap reflects decades of uneven urban development and the concentration of top-tier schools in the city center. Informational Card 1: Metric Key Survey Findings (2024) Figure Average one-way commute 47 minutes Students commuting > 60 min one-way 38% Students commuting > 90 min one-way 12% Report chronic tiredness (among > 90 min group) 64% Skip breakfast regularly 35% Would support later school start 71% Informational Card 2: Commute Time by District District Average One-Way Commute Huangpu 26 min Jing’an 30 min Xuhui 35 min Minhang 52 min Songjiang 61 min Fengxian 73 min Jinshan 78 min 50. According to the passage and Card 1, approximately how many surveyed students spend more than 90 minutes commuting one-way? A. About 144 students. B. About 380 students. C. About 456 students. D. About 768 students. 51. What does the author imply by stating that “not all families benefit equally”? A. Some families cannot afford school bus fares. B. Students in outer districts face significantly longer commutes. C. School start times vary too much across districts. D. The survey failed to include students from all districts. 52. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the passage and the two informational cards? A. The cards provide data that contradicts the passage’s main argument. B. The cards offer specific figures that support and illustrate the passage's points. C. The passage criticizes the data presented in the cards. D. The cards present solutions that the passage argues against. 【答案】50. A 51. B 52. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了上海高中生通勤时间长的问题、带来的影响、政府的应对措施及区域差异。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A 2024 survey of 1,200 high school students across the city found that the average one-way commute takes 47 minutes — a figure that has risen steadily over the past decade.(2024年对全市1200名高中生进行的一项调查发现，平均单程通勤时间为47分钟，这一数字在过去十年中稳步上升)”以及表格Informational Card 1中“Students commuting>90 min one-way(单程通勤时间>90分钟的学生)”对应的数据为12%可知，受调查的学生总数为1200人，通勤超过90分钟的比例为12%，计算可得1200 × 12% = 144人。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Students in central districts like Huangpu and Jing’an average just 28 minutes per commute, while those in outer districts like Fengxian and Jinshan face journeys exceeding 70 minutes.(黄浦和静安等中心区域的学生平均通勤时间仅为28分钟，而奉贤和金山等外围区域的学生面临超过70分钟的通勤)”可知，作者说“并非所有家庭都平等受益”暗示了外围区域的学生通勤时间明显更长。 【52题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“A 2024 survey of 1,200 high school students across the city found that the average one-way commute takes 47 minutes — a figure that has risen steadily over the past decade.(2024年对全市1200名高中生进行的一项调查发现，平均单程通勤时间为47分钟，这一数字在过去十年中稳步上升)”以及第四段中“Students in central districts like Huangpu and Jing’an average just 28 minutes per commute, while those in outer districts like Fengxian and Jinshan face journeys exceeding 70 minutes.(黄浦和静安等中心区域的学生平均通勤时间仅为28分钟，而奉贤和金山等外围区域的学生面临超过70分钟的通勤)”可知，信息卡片1提供了平均通勤时间、通勤超60分钟和90分钟的比例等数据，信息卡片2提供了各区通勤时间的具体数据，两者为文章提供了具体数字，支持和说明了文章的观点。 (C) For decades, the standard advice for students studying for exams has been remarkably consistent: find a quiet place, eliminate distractions, and focus on a single subject for extended periods. A growing body of research, however, suggests that this conventional wisdom may be not just incomplete but actively counterproductive. The first challenge comes from the field of cognitive psychology, where the concept of “interleaving” has gained significant attention. Interleaving involves mixing different types of problems or topics within a single study session, rather than blocking them together. In a landmark 2019 study, students who practiced solving different types of math problems in an interleaved fashion outperformed those who studied in traditional blocks by 43% on a delayed test one month later. Importantly, the interleaved group actually felt less confident during the study session itself — a phenomenon researchers call a “desirable difficulty”. The second challenge concerns the environment itself. The ideal of the silent, monastic study space may be a modern invention. Before the 19th century, scholars commonly studied in noisy coffeehouses and bustling public spaces. A 2022 experiment at a Danish university found that participants who studied in a moderately noisy café (around 65 decibels) performed better on creative problem-solving tasks than those in silence. The researchers suppose that mild surrounding noise promotes abstract thinking by preventing the brain from over-focusing on any single stimulus. The third challenge is more fundamental: the very idea that “focus” is the primary determinant of learning. Sleep researchers have demonstrated that memory consolidation — the process by which fragile short-term memories become stable long-term ones — occurs mainly during deep sleep. A student who sacrifices sleep to study may be weakening the very memory they are working to achieve. None of this means that effort and attention are unimportant. What the research collectively suggests is that learning is a messier, more biologically grounded process than the clean desks and silent libraries of our cultural imagination allow. 53. Why does the author describe interleaving as a “desirable difficulty”? A. It is difficult to implement but delivers clear benefits. B. It feels harder during study but produces better long-term outcomes. C. It is recommended by researchers but rarely used by students. D. It creates confidence during study that later proves misleading. 54. What does the 2022 Danish experiment suggest about study environments? A. Silence is universally beneficial for concentration. B. Moderate noise can enhance certain types of thinking. C. Coffee shops are better than libraries for all academic tasks. D. Surrounding noise harms memory consolidation. 55. According to the passage, how does sleep affect learning? A. It provides a break that prevents mental tiredness. B. It allows the brain to process distractions more efficiently. C. It is essential for transforming short-term memories into lasting ones. D. It has no measurable impact on exam performance. 56. Which of the following best summarizes the passage’s main argument? A. Traditional study advice is outdated and should be completely abandoned. B. Learning is a complex process that disobeys simple rules about focus and environment. C. Interleaving is the single most effective study technique. D. Students should study in noisy cafés rather than quiet libraries. 【答案】53. B 54. B 55. C 56. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了传统学习建议存在缺陷，研究表明交替学习、适度噪音和睡眠对学习效果有积极影响。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。​根据第二段中“Importantly, the interleaved group actually felt less confident during the study session itself — a phenomenon researchers call a “desirable difficulty”.(重要的是，交替学习组在学习过程中实际上感觉信心较低——研究人员称这种现象为“合意困难”)”以及前文提到的交替学习组在延迟测试中表现优于传统组43%可知，这种现象被称为“合意困难”是因为它在学习时感觉更难（信心较低），但能产生更好的长期结果。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。​根据第三段中“A 2022 experiment at a Danish university found that participants who studied in a moderately noisy café (around 65 decibels) performed better on creative problem-solving tasks than those in silence. The researchers suppose that mild surrounding noise promotes abstract thinking by preventing the brain from over-focusing on any single stimulus.(丹麦一所大学2022年的一项实验发现，在中等噪音的咖啡馆（约65分贝）学习的参与者在创造性问题解决任务上表现优于在安静环境中的参与者。研究人员推测，轻微的环境噪音通过防止大脑过度关注任何单一刺激来促进抽象思维)”可知，2022年丹麦实验表明适度噪音能够增强某些类型的思维（如创造性问题解决和抽象思维）。 【55题详解】 细节理解题。​根据第四段中“Sleep researchers have demonstrated that memory consolidation — the process by which fragile short-term memories become stable long-term ones — occurs mainly during deep sleep. A student who sacrifices sleep to study may be weakening the very memory they are working to achieve.(睡眠研究人员已证明，记忆巩固——即脆弱的短期记忆变为稳定的长期记忆的过程——主要发生在深度睡眠期间。牺牲睡眠来学习的学生可能会削弱他们努力想要获得的记忆)”可知，睡眠对于将短期记忆转化为长期记忆至关重要。 【56题详解】 主旨大意题。​根据最后一段“None of this means that effort and attention are unimportant. What the research collectively suggests is that learning is a messier, more biologically grounded process than the clean desks and silent libraries of our cultural imagination allow.(这些都不意味着努力和注意力不重要。研究共同表明的是，学习是一个比我们文化想象中整洁的书桌和安静的图书馆所允许的更混乱、更基于生物学的过程)”以及全文对传统学习建议（安静环境、长时间专注单一科目）的三点挑战可知，文章主要论点是学习是一个复杂的过程，它违背了关于专注和环境的简单规则。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Why Cities Are Getting Quieter For most of the twentieth century, the soundscape of a major city was defined by noise. Honking taxis, rumbling subway trains, construction drills, and the constant hum of traffic formed an urban symphony that residents largely learned to tune out. ____57____ The shift is partly technological. The rise of electric vehicles has removed one of the most pervasive sources of urban noise: the internal combustion engine. Electric buses and delivery trucks, now common in cities like Shenzhen and Oslo, produce almost no sound at low speeds. ____58____ City planners have also begun to treat noise as a public health issue, introducing stricter regulations on construction hours and designing buildings with sound-absorbing materials. But the quietest change may be cultural. ____59____ A generation that grew up with noise-cancelling headphones and personal audio devices has developed different expectations about public sound. Where previous generations tolerated honking as an unavoidable feature of city life, younger residents are more likely to report it, complain about it, and demand that it be regulated. Yet silence brings its own challenges. As cities grow quieter, residents report hearing things they never noticed before — distant conversations, footsteps, the hum of ventilation systems. ____60____ Some urban planners argue that a completely silent city would be disorienting and even unsafe, since sound helps us navigate public spaces and detect danger. The future of urban sound, then, is not likely to be silence in the absolute sense. It will be a more deliberate soundscape — one in which noise is treated as a design choice rather than an unavoidable by-product. A. This, in turn, has changed the way people behave in public spaces. B. For others, however, the new quiet has been unsettling rather than soothing. C. Meanwhile, hybrid and electric engines are far quieter at the speeds at which most city driving occurs. D. Yet in recent years, many major cities have seen a gradual but measurable decline in urban noise levels. E. Some cities have even begun mapping their soundscapes to identify which noises residents find most disruptive. F. Others argue that the decline in urban noise is largely a result of economic changes rather than technology. 【答案】57. D 58. C 59. A 60. B 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述过去城市嘈杂，如今噪音下降源于科技、政策与观念变化；安静也带来新问题，未来城市追求可控而非绝对寂静的声景。 【57题详解】 根据上文“For most of the twentieth century, the soundscape of a major city was defined by noise. Honking taxis, rumbling subway trains, construction drills, and the constant hum of traffic formed an urban symphony that residents largely learned to tune out.(二十世纪大部分时间里，大城市的声景以噪音为特征。出租车鸣笛、地铁隆隆、施工电钻，还有持续不断的车流嗡鸣，汇成一曲城市交响曲，而居民大多早已学会不去留意)”可知，前文介绍20世纪城市以噪音为典型特征，下文“The shift is partly technological.(这种变化部分源于技术发展)”开始说明城市噪音降低的转变原因，D项“然而近年来，许多大城市的城市噪音水平出现了可测量的逐步下降”承上启下，引出城市变安静这个核心主题。 【58题详解】 根据上文“The shift is partly technological. The rise of electric vehicles has removed one of the most pervasive sources of urban noise: the internal combustion engine. Electric buses and delivery trucks, now common in cities like Shenzhen and Oslo, produce almost no sound at low speeds.(这种变化部分源于技术发展。电动汽车的兴起消除了城市噪音最普遍的来源之一：内燃机。电动巴士和配送货车如今在深圳、奥斯陆等城市十分常见，低速行驶时几乎不会发出声响)”可知，本段围绕技术因素带来的噪音降低展开，前文提到低速下几乎无噪音的电动车辆，C项“与此同时，混合动力和电动引擎在大多数城市行驶的速度下要安静得多”承接电动交通工具降噪的内容，逻辑连贯。 【59题详解】 根据上文“But the quietest change may be cultural.(但最潜移默化的改变或许来自文化层面)”以及后文“A generation that grew up with noise-cancelling headphones and personal audio devices has developed different expectations about public sound. Where previous generations tolerated honking as an unavoidable feature of city life, younger residents are more likely to report it, complain about it, and demand that it be regulated.(伴着降噪耳机和个人音频设备长大的这一代人，对公共环境中的声音有着不一样的期待。老一辈将鸣笛当作城市生活不可避免的一部分而选择忍受，年轻居民则更倾向于举报、投诉，并要求对鸣笛加以管控)”可知，前文指出最显著的变化是文化层面的，后文说明习惯了降噪耳机的新一代对公共声音有了不同期待，A项“这反过来改变了人们在公共空间的行为方式”衔接文化层面的变化，引出后文年轻居民对噪音的不同应对表现。 【60题详解】 根据上文“Yet silence brings its own challenges. As cities grow quieter, residents report hearing things they never noticed before — distant conversations, footsteps, the hum of ventilation systems.(然而安静本身也带来难题。随着城市变得更安静，居民们会听到从前从未留意的声音 —— 远处的交谈声、脚步声、通风系统的嗡鸣)”以及后文“Some urban planners argue that a completely silent city would be disorienting and even unsafe, since sound helps us navigate public spaces and detect danger.(一些城市规划者认为，一座完全寂静的城市会让人迷失方向，甚至存在安全隐患，因为声音能帮助我们辨识公共空间、察觉危险)”可知，前文提到城市变安静后居民会注意到之前从未留意的细微声响，空后指出完全安静的城市会让人迷失方向甚至不安全，B项“然而对另一些人来说，这种新的安静并非舒缓，反而令人不安”承上启下，引出安静带来的挑战。 第II卷（共40分） I. Spelling Directions: Write out the words according to the relevant definitions. The first letter is given to you. 61. a______ (v.) to gain something by your own efforts 62. b______ (n.) a small round piece of metal, plastic, etc. sewn onto a piece of clothing 63. b______ (n.) a personal record that somebody puts on their website 64. e______ (n.) a flat paper container used for sending letters in 65. h______ (a.) important in history 66. s______ (n.) a work of art that is a solid figure or object made by carving or shaping wood, stone, clay, metal, etc. 67. o______ (adv.) in the beginning, before other things happened 68. r______ (v.) to show one’s attitude or feeling 69. r______ (v.) to say or do something in reply 70. s______ (v.) to make a place your home 【答案】61. acquire 62. button 63. blog 64. envelope 65. historic 66. sculpture 67. originally 68. reflect 69. respond 70. settle 【解析】 【61题详解】 考查动词。根据释义“to gain something by your own efforts(凭借自身努力获得某物)”可知为acquire，为动词，表示“取得，获得”。 【62题详解】 考查名词。根据释义“a small round piece of metal, plastic, etc. sewn onto a piece of clothing(缝在衣物上的小圆金属、塑料等物件)”可知为button，为名词，表示“纽扣，扣子”。 【63题详解】 考查名词。根据释义“a personal record that somebody puts on their website(某人发布在网站上的个人记录)”可知为blog，为名词，表示“博客；网络日志”。 【64题详解】 考查名词。根据释义“a flat paper container used for sending letters in(用来寄信的扁平纸质容器)”可知为envelope，为名词，表示“信封”。 【65题详解】 考查形容词。根据释义“important in history(在历史上重要的)”可知为historic，为形容词，表示“有历史意义的，历史性的”。 【66题详解】 考查名词。根据释义“a work of art that is a solid figure or object made by carving or shaping wood, stone, clay, metal, etc.(通过雕刻、塑造木头、石头、黏土、金属等制成立体形象的艺术品)”可知为sculpture，为名词，表示“雕塑；雕像”。 【67题详解】 考查副词。根据释义“in the beginning, before other things happened(起初，在其他事情发生之前)”可知为originally，为副词，表示“起初，原来”。 【68题详解】 考查动词。根据释义“to show one’s attitude or feeling(表达某人的态度或情感)”可知为reflect，为动词，表示“反映；表达”。 【69题详解】 考查动词。根据释义“to say or do something in reply(作为答复去说或者做某事)”可知为respond，为动词，表示“回应，作出反应”。 【70题详解】 考查动词。根据释义“to make a place your home(把某地当作自己的家)”可知为settle，为动词，表示“定居；安家”。 II. Recitation Directions: Fill in each blank with missing words according to the text. 71. In another, a child is working ___________ in Peru. (根据句意填空) 【答案】at a shoeshine stand 【解析】 【详解】句意：在另一个场景中，一个孩子在秘鲁的一个擦鞋摊工作。结合句意可知，此处表示“在一个擦鞋摊”，使用介词短语at a shoeshine stand，作地点状语，名词词组shoeshine stand表示“擦鞋摊”。 72. One ___________, the other is poor, but then the shoeshine boy shows us his favorite thing — his notebook computer. (根据句意填空) 【答案】looks well off 【解析】 【详解】句意：一个看起来很富裕，另一个很穷，但擦鞋男孩随后向我们展示了他最爱的东西——笔记本电脑。结合the other is poor可知，此处表示一个看起来很富裕，使用look well off 表示“看起来富裕”，根据is可知，句子使用一般现在时，主语是One，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。 73. It’s raining outside and she’s ___________ on her phone. (根据句意填空) 【答案】recording a short clip 【解析】 【详解】句意：外面下雨，她正在手机上录一段短视频。根据句意“录一段短视频”可知短语为record a short clip，此处表示正在进行的动作，使用现在进行时，结合上文she’s可知，空处需填现在分词recording。 74. In other words, she wants to show that ___________. (根据句意填空) 【答案】her life matters 【解析】 【详解】句意：换句话说，她想表明她的生活很重要。结合句意可知，此处表示“她的生活很重要”，是宾语从句，主语“她的生活”用her life，谓语“很重要”用动词matter，描述客观事实，用一般现在时态，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数形式matters。 75. As one of China’s great former capitals, Xi’an grew to be the largest city in the world ___________, a golden age of art and poetry. (根据句意填空) 【答案】during the Tang Dynasty 【解析】 【详解】句意：作为中国重要的古都之一，西安在唐朝时期发展成为世界上最大的城市，当时正值艺术与诗歌的黄金时代。根据句意“在唐朝时期”可知短语为during the Tang Dynasty。 76. Chang’an, ___________ at the time, was the starting point of the Silk Road, which connected China to the world. (根据句意填空) 【答案】as it was known 【解析】 【详解】句意：长安，正如当时人们所熟知的那样，是丝绸之路的起点，它将中国与世界相连。根据was和connected可知，句子使用一般过去时，结合at the time可知，此处表示长安是丝绸之路的起点，这正如当时人们所熟知的那样，空处应使用定语从句as it was known意为“正如当时为人所知的”，符合语境。 77. It was here that Xuan Zang ___________ his famous travels, which became the basis of Journey to the West. (根据句意填空) 【答案】set out on 【解析】 【详解】句意：玄奘正是从这里开启了他著名的西行之旅，这段经历也成为《西游记》的创作基础。本句使用强调句句型，根据was和became可知，句子使用一般过去时；结合Xuan Zang以及常识可知，此处表示玄奘开启了他著名的西行之旅，空处应使用动词短语set out on，表示“动身开启（旅程）”，set使用过去式形式set。 78. Today, Xi’an is a modern city, at the heart of ___________, but its long history can be seen everywhere: it is one of the few cities in the world that still have city walls. (根据句意填空) 【答案】China’s Belt and Road Initiative 【解析】 【详解】句意：今天，西安是一座现代化城市，位于中国“一带一路”倡议的核心地带，但它的悠久历史随处可见：它是世界上少数仍然拥有城墙的城市之一。结合句意可知，此处表示“中国‘一带一路’倡议”，“中国”作定语，用所有格China’s，“一带一路”使用专有名词Belt and Road Initiative，作宾语。 III. Phrases Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the phrases given in the box. Note that each phrase can be used only once and there are one phrases more than you need. be amazed at be particular about beyond description in the distance in response on the scene originate from refer to 79. The custom of exchanging gifts during the Spring Festival is believed to ______ an ancient tradition that dates back more than two thousand years. 80. When the emergency call came in, the rescue team arrived ______ within ten minutes and immediately began searching for survivors. 81. The beauty of the sunset over the West Lake was ______; no photograph could ever capture its full glory. 82. My grandmother ______ the freshness of the vegetables she buys — she visits three different markets just to find the best ones. 83. The new safety regulations ______ by the local government in response to the recent accidents have been well received by most factories. 84. We ______ the patience and dedication of the medical workers who served on the front line during the pandemic. 85. As we climbed to the top of the mountain, we could see a small village ______, its roofs shining in the morning sun. 【答案】79. originate from##have originated from 80. on the scene 81. beyond description 82. is particular about 83. referred to 84. were amazed at 85. in the distance 【解析】 【79题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：春节期间交换礼物的习俗被认为源于一个可以追溯到两千多年前的古老传统。根据“an ancient tradition that dates back more than two thousand years”可知，此处说的是这一习俗源于古老传统；动词短语originate from意为“源于；起源于”，在不定式符号to后用动词原形，也可用不定式的完成式to have originated from强调动词已经完成。 【80题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：紧急电话打来时，救援队十分钟内就赶到了现场，并立即开始搜寻幸存者。根据“the rescue team arrived”和“began searching for survivors”可知，此处说的是救援队赶到现场；介词短语on the scene意为“在现场”，作状语。 【81题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：西湖日落的美丽难以形容；任何照片都无法捕捉它的全部壮丽。根据“no photograph could ever capture its full glory”可知，此处说的是日落之美难以形容；介词短语beyond description意为“难以形容”，作表语。 【82题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我奶奶对她买的蔬菜的新鲜程度很讲究——她跑三个不同的市场就为了找到最好的。根据“she visits three different markets just to find the best ones”可知，此处说的是奶奶对蔬菜的新鲜程度很讲究；动词短语be particular about意为“对……讲究；对……挑剔”，句子描述的是一般事实，用一般现在时态，主语My grandmother为单数，be动词用is。 【83题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：当地政府提及的针对近期事故出台的新安全法规受到了大多数工厂的欢迎。根据“by the local government”可知，此处说的是当地政府所提及的新安全规定；动词短语refer to意为“提到；涉及”，作定语修饰名词regulations，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语regulations之间为被动关系，用过去分词。 【84题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：疫情期间奋战在一线的医务工作者所展现出的耐心与奉献精神，令我们惊叹不已。根据“the patience and dedication of the medical workers”可知，此处说的是我们对医护人员的耐心和奉献惊叹不已；动词短语be amazed at意为“对……感到惊叹”，结合时间状语during the pandemic可知，用一般过去时态，主语We为复数代词，be动词用were。 【85题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：当我们爬到山顶时，我们能看到远处有一个小村庄，它的屋顶在晨光中闪闪发光。根据“climbed to the top of the mountain”可知，此处说的是远处有一个小村庄；介词短语in the distance意为“在远处”，作后置定语修饰village。 VI. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 86. 这款手机的许多设计细节都体现了日本品牌的一贯特征。(be typical of) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________ 【答案】Many design details of this phone are typical of Japanese brands. 【解析】 【详解】“体现了……的一贯特征”要求使用固定短语be typical of，意为“是……的典型特征”；“这款手机的许多设计细节”可译为名词短语many design details of this phone，作主语；“日本品牌”译为Japanese brands，brand应用复数表泛指；句子陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为复数，be动词用are。 87. 正是在那次志愿活动中，我第一次意识到团队合作的重要性。(It) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________ 【答案】It was in that volunteer activity that I first realized the importance of teamwork. 【解析】 【详解】“正是在那次志愿活动中”使用强调句型“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他”，此处强调地点状语“在那次志愿活动中”，译为in that volunteer activity，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时was；“我”译为I；“第一次”译为first；“意识到”译为realize，使用过去式realized；“团队合作的重要性”译为名词短语the importance of teamwork。 88. 均衡的饮食和规律的体育锻炼有助于降低患心脏病的风险。(contribute) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________ 【答案】A balanced diet and regular physical exercise contribute to lowering the risk of developing heart disease. 【解析】 【详解】“均衡的饮食和规律的体育锻炼”可译为名词短语a balanced diet and regular physical exercise，作主语，为复数概念；“有助于做某事”使用固定短语contribute to doing sth.，其中to为介词，后接动名词形式；“降低患心脏病的风险”译为lower the risk of developing heart disease，lower位于介词to后用动名词形式。句子陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语动词用原形contribute。 89. 你最好提前预订机票，以防票价上涨，而且旅游旺季的座位往往很快售罄。(in case) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________ 【答案】You’d better book your flight tickets well in advance in case the ticket price goes up, and seats during the peak travel season tend to sell out very quickly. 【解析】 【详解】“最好做某事”使用固定短语had better do sth.，had与主语“你”you缩写为You’d，“提前预订机票”翻译为book your flight tickets well in advance；“以防票价上涨”要求使用in case引导目的状语从句，译为in case the ticket price goes up；“而且”译为and，表并列；“旅游旺季的座位”译为seats during the peak travel season，作主语；“往往很快售罄”中“往往”译为动词短语tend to do sth.，该部分句子陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语动词用原形tend，“售罄”译为动词短语sell out，“很快”译为very quickly。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 华东师大二附中2026学年第一学期 10月练习高一英语 （满分140分，120分钟完成） 第I卷（共100分） I. Listening comprehension Directions : In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard. 1. A. 7:00. B. 6:30. C. 6:00. D. 7:30. 2. A. They are likely to have a great review. B. They will stay there for a longer time. C. They are to enjoy ice cream in an easy way. D. The ice cream store is too big to imagine. 3. A. He was involved in a traffic accident. B. He was not able to get to work on time. C. He is seriously sick of his car. D. He had his car stolen. 4. A. The woman planned to travel by high-speed rail. B. One of the man’s ears absolutely deaf. C. The traffic app may help them to avoid a heavy traffic. D. They are driving at a high speed as they planned. 5. A. At the bus stop of Shanghai Disneyland. B. At the platform of a subway. C. At Shanghai railway station. D. At a bus stop somewhere in Shanghai. 6. A. Policewoman and driver. B. Nurse and patient. C. Librarian and reader. D. Hotel manager and guest. 7. A. They have adopted at least two kids. B. They will have more adopted kids. C. The couple are from Africa. D. They are an extended family. 8. A. Ms. Zeng is planning to raise the raw material cost due to the raised labour cost. B. The man is hesitating about whether he will buy certain products or not. C. The quality of the products is really far from the man’s expectation. D. The man has made up his mind to give the negotiation a stop. 9. A. She does not approve of the man’s way in describing people's speech. B. She believes that people’s speaking in an elegant way is amazing. C. She doesn’t believe people may speak elegantly in real life. D. She was in doubt about the man’s characters in the novel. 10. A. Their wedding anniversary is coming soon. B. They’d better find another restaurant to celebrate their wedding anniversary. C. The woman should be more patient on such a big day. D. The driving is dull because of the heavy traffic. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. 15.000. B. 5,000,000. C. 15,000,000. D. 50,000,000. 12. A. The Chinese people are really good at the world’s most popular sport, soccer. B. Within next decades, more than 90,000 soccer fields will be built across the country. C. Chinese men have qualified for the World Cup final only once in 2002. D. In contrast to men, Chinese women soccer players are more successful. 13. A. Some billionaires in China. B. President Xi Jinping. C. Jackson Martinez. D. The Chinese people. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. It gives students more time to digest what they’ve learned. B. It is flexible in planning classes, social practice and personal projects. C. Plenty of social practice frees students of worries about their future career. D. Students have more time to enjoy their life in universities. 15. A. The length of each semester varies in the Chinese trimester. B. All those “Project 985” universities have applied this trimester system. C. Student should take as many courses as possible in summer semester. D. Taking other subjects should be off the list in summer semester. 16. A. Taking more courses in summer semester. B. Having an efficient arrangement in studying contents. C. Taking an active part in promoting academic environment. D. Paying not attention to changes in academic schedules. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. At home. B. In a studio. C. In office. D. At school. 18. A. An English programme. B. Something annoying. C. An expression. D. A goat called Fred. 19. A. Nell’s goat is really a mad goat, a troublemaker. B. Nell really makes Feifei mad. C. Nell’s goat was really annoying to everyone. D. Nell’s goat annoys Feifei due to its smell. 20. A. Your best friend told you that he’s past the driving test. B. Some cars are blowing their horns when you are doing a test inside. C. You are riding a bicycle with you classmates in the street. D. Your neighbour brings you a cake because it is her daughter’s birthday. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: In this section, you are given 10 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to make the best choice to complete the incomplete sentences. 1. When you go by train, make sure you ______ an express, not a train that stops at all the stations. A. will get B. get C. would get D. should get 2. The new tunnel________ by the end of last month. A. has been completed B. had been completed C. was completed D. would be completed 3. We rushed to the airport to see John off, only________that the plane________several minutes before. A. told; took off B. being told; had taken off C. to be told; had taken off D. to be told; took off 4. The English evening was gorgeous. It ________ years since I enjoyed myself so much. A. is B. was C. had been D. will be 5. When my brother________ into the office, I________ a video meeting. A. came; was having B. would come; had C. had come; was having D. came; would have 6. The result of the maths exam has come out. This is the first time that I________ relieved in senior high school and I think it is high time that I________ to work hard on English. A. felt; should start B. have felt; started C. feels: will start D. have felt; start 7. It was not until the contract was checked carefully that ________ the payment. A. did he make B. would he make C. he has made D. he made 8. On the notice board the poster________, “APPLY NOW FOR OVERSEAS INTERNSHIPS!” A. reads B. is read C. reading D. is reading 9. The students have decided on a final date by which everyone ________ reading the books assigned by their professor. A. finishes B. finished C. have finished D. will have finished 10. I________ the paper since daybreak, but I haven’t finished it yet. A. have written B. have been written C. write D. have been writing Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, ____11____ great winds, have blown me here and there, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very edge of despair. I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy — ecstasy so great ____12____ I would often have sacrificed all the rest of my life for a few hours for this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness — that terrible loneliness ____13____ one shivering consciousness looks over the edge of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss (深渊). I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it ____14____ seem too good for human life, this is what — at last — I have found. With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars ____15____ (shine). And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved. Love and knowledge, as far as they were possible, ____16____ (lead) upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain echo in my heart. Children in famine, victims ____17____ (torture) by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery (嘲弄) of ____18____ human life should be. I long ____19____ (ease) the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer. This has been my life. I have found it worth ____20____ (live), and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me. Section C Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. landmark B. communities C. reminder D. division E. available F. addressing G. additional H. challenge I. generating J. define K. mark Happy 60th anniversary, Notting Hill carnival — a symbol of all that London can be This bank holiday weekend, the streets of Notting Hill once again set the stage for one of the greatest celebrations on Earth. On its 60th anniversary, Notting Hill carnival proved itself to be bigger, bolder and more vibrant than ever. It’s now the world’s second-largest street festival, attracting people across the globe and ____21____ £400m for the UK economy each year. But carnival has always been much more than just a party. It’s a loud and proud celebration of Caribbean culture and the extraordinary contribution that Caribbean ____22____ have made to our capital city. For me, it represents London at its very best: people of different ages, backgrounds, colours and creeds coming together, sharing in the joy of one another’s traditions and cultures, and celebrating the incredible diversity that has come to ____23____ the city we all call home. That’s why I was delighted to step forward with a(n) ____24____ £4.66m of funding to help ensure Londoners and visitors could once again enjoy this incredible event. The money we made ____25____ was vital for supporting organisers to implement increased safety measures, including doubling the number of stewards and allowing more signs and temporary CCTV cameras to be installed. The 60th anniversary of carnival is a(n) ____26____ moment for London and I was determined City Hall should pull out all the stops to assist because it’s also a ____27____ of how far we’ve come as a city. Our city has come a long way since those first celebrations. But we know that racism has not disappeared. Indeed, the frightening rise of nativist populist movements in recent years demonstrates that the urgent work of ____28____ prejudice (偏见) and building a fairer city is far from finished. But what carnival’s founders understood is the extraordinary power of culture: to ____29____ racism, build understanding and turn strangers into neighbours. They responded to a moment of ____30____ and fear with pure joy — and in doing so, they helped shape a more open and inclusive London for all of us. So to everyone who has carried carnival forward over the past 60 years — the pioneers, organisers, masqueraders, musicians, costume-makers, volunteers, police officers, paramedics and generations of Londoners who have made it their own — thank you. Here’s to another 60 years of celebrating our incredible communities and this beautiful city we have built together. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A decade after the beginning of a sea star wasting disease (SSWD) epidemic — considered the largest ever documented in the wild — researchers have identified the microbial cause responsible: a strain of the bacterium Vibrio pectenicida (弧菌). In 10 years, the bacterium has ____31____ sunflower sea stars along the western coast of North America, with a loss of 5.8 billion since 2013 — or 90% of the total global population. The sunflower sea star is now on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s red list of ____32____ species. Previous studies had tested for a pathogen (病原体) in tissue samples and got inconclusive results. ____33____, by examining the sea stars’ coelomic fluid (体腔液), which acts like blood, researchers were able to confirm with certainty V. pectenicida’s role in causing SSWD ____34____ its high concentration there. Infection begins with exterior lesions (外部损伤), leading to limb loss and contortion, and ____35____ kills afflicted (受折磨的) individuals by melting their tissues into a white, mucus-like paste. Identifying the disease in afflicted sea stars was impossible without a known pathogen, as sea stars can respond with similar visual signals to other ____36____ such as low oxygen, extreme heat and salinity variation. The indirect link between ____37____ ocean temperatures and SSWD remains a key area of interest, since Vibrio species are known to increase in warm water. The decline of sunflower sea stars has ____38____ for marine ecosystems beyond the loss of a single species. “In the ____39____ of sunflower stars, kelp-eating sea urchin populations increase, which means the loss of kelp (海藻) forests, and that has ____40____ implications for all the other marine species and humans that rely on them,” said Dr Melanie Prentice, who led the research. Kelp forests provide ____41____ for thousands of marine creatures, support local economies through fisheries and recreation, and are culturally important for First Nations and tribal communities. They also ____42____ sediments (沉积物), protect coastlines from storms, and are an important carbon sink. ____43____ the epidemic is still ongoing, the hope is that this ____44____ will aid recovery and treatment efforts for various sea star species and the ecosystems affected by their decline. Methods being explored include captive breeding for resistant individuals and developing probiotic solutions. “Now that we have found the causative agent of disease, it makes me ____45____ that we might actually be able to do something for sunflower sea stars,” says Dr Alyssa Gehman. 31. A. protected B. destroyed C. attracted D. observed 32. A. widely distributed B. critically endangered C. commercially valued D. officially warned 33. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. Besides D. However 34. A. in spite of B. on behalf of C. due to D. according to 35. A. eventually B. initially C. fortunately D. rarely 36. A. instructors B. influencers C. stressors D. reminders 37. A. changing B. dropping C. remaining D. rising 38. A. advantages B. influences C. limitations D. consequences 39. A. presence B. control C. absence D. recovery 40. A. narrow B. broad C. slight D. similar 41. A. habitat B. protection C. transport D. nutrition 42. A. disturb B. replace C. stabilise D. create 43. A. Because B. Unless C. Though D. Once 44. A. breakthrough B. tradition C. mystery D. warning 45. A. doubtful B. eventful C. hopeful D. grateful Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I was eleven when my grandmother handed me her recipe book. It wasn’t beautiful — the cover was stained with decades of oil splatters, and the pages were held together with rubber bands that had long lost their stretch. “You’re the only one who ever asked,” she said, her voice carrying something between gratitude and surprise. My cousins wanted her jewelry. My mother wanted the antique vase. I wanted the secrets of her kitchen. Every Saturday that summer, I rode my bicycle three miles to her small apartment. The elevator was always broken, so I climbed four flights of stairs, the smell of garlic and thyme growing stronger with each step. She never used measuring cups. “A handful of this,” she’d say, her weathered hands pouring flour into a chipped ceramic bowl. “A pinch of that.” I tried to write it down, but she’d wave her hand. “Recipes aren’t in the words,” she insisted. “They’re in the watching.” So I watched. I watched how she kneaded dough (揉面团) with the heels of her palms, folding and pressing in a rhythm that seemed older than memory. I watched how she knew the sauce was ready not by a timer but by the way the bubbles slowed and the color deepened. I watched how she tasted with her eyes closed, as if listening to something the rest of us couldn’t hear. By August, I could make her marinara sauce without the recipe. When I told her, she smiled and said nothing. The next Saturday, she was gone. A stroke (中风), the doctors said. Quick and quiet. For years afterward, I couldn’t bring myself to open her recipe book. It sat on my shelf, the rubber bands finally crumbling to dust. Then one evening, my own daughter asked me how to make “the pasta sauce.” I reached for the book, then stopped. I closed my eyes. My hands remembered. “A handful of this,” I said. “A pinch of that.” She watched me the way I once watched my grandmother. And in that moment, I understood: the recipe was never in the book. It was in the watching, and in the passing on. 46. What does the author suggest by saying “the pages were held together with rubber bands that had long lost their stretch” in paragraph one? A. The recipe book was poorly made. B. The book had been used for a very long time. C. The grandmother was too poor to buy a new book. D. The rubber bands were no longer functional. 47. Why did the grandmother never write down precise measurements? A. She was too old to read or write. B. She wanted to keep the recipes a secret. C. She believed cooking was learned through observation. D. She didn’t own any measuring cups or spoons. 48. What does the underlined word “crumbling” in paragraph 5 most likely mean? A. Breaking into small pieces B. Becoming tighter C. Changing color D. Disappearing suddenly 49. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Family recipes should always be written down. B. Cooking skills are passed down through observation and practice. C. Grandparents are the best teachers in a family. D. Food is the only way to connect generations. (B) For many young people in Shanghai, the journey to school has become a daily test of patience, planning, and physical endurance. A 2024 survey of 1,200 high school students across the city found that the average one-way commute takes 47 minutes — a figure that has risen steadily over the past decade. The survey, conducted by the Shanghai Youth Research Institute, also revealed that nearly 40% of respondents spend more than an hour traveling to school each way. The impact extends beyond mere inconvenience. Students who commute for over 90 minutes daily are twice as likely to report feeling chronically tired during class, and 35% say they regularly skip breakfast because of time constraints. “I leave home at 6:10 and don’t get back until 7:30 in the evening,” says Li Wei, a 17-year-old from Pudong. “By the time I finish homework, there’s no time for anything else.” The city has responded with several initiatives. Since 2022, Shanghai has expanded its “school bus priority lane” program, adding dedicated bus lanes on 38 major routes during morning and evening peak hours. Additionally, the municipal education commission has encouraged districts to adopt flexible school start times, allowing high schools to begin as late as 8:30 a.m. rather than the traditional 7:30. However, not all families benefit equally. Students in central districts like Huangpu and Jing’an average just 28 minutes per commute, while those in outer districts like Fengxian and Jinshan face journeys exceeding 70 minutes. The gap reflects decades of uneven urban development and the concentration of top-tier schools in the city center. Informational Card 1: Metric Key Survey Findings (2024) Figure Average one-way commute 47 minutes Students commuting > 60 min one-way 38% Students commuting > 90 min one-way 12% Report chronic tiredness (among > 90 min group) 64% Skip breakfast regularly 35% Would support later school start 71% Informational Card 2: Commute Time by District District Average One-Way Commute Huangpu 26 min Jing’an 30 min Xuhui 35 min Minhang 52 min Songjiang 61 min Fengxian 73 min Jinshan 78 min 50. According to the passage and Card 1, approximately how many surveyed students spend more than 90 minutes commuting one-way? A. About 144 students. B. About 380 students. C. About 456 students. D. About 768 students. 51. What does the author imply by stating that “not all families benefit equally”? A. Some families cannot afford school bus fares. B. Students in outer districts face significantly longer commutes. C. School start times vary too much across districts. D. The survey failed to include students from all districts. 52. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the passage and the two informational cards? A. The cards provide data that contradicts the passage’s main argument. B. The cards offer specific figures that support and illustrate the passage's points. C. The passage criticizes the data presented in the cards. D. The cards present solutions that the passage argues against. (C) For decades, the standard advice for students studying for exams has been remarkably consistent: find a quiet place, eliminate distractions, and focus on a single subject for extended periods. A growing body of research, however, suggests that this conventional wisdom may be not just incomplete but actively counterproductive. The first challenge comes from the field of cognitive psychology, where the concept of “interleaving” has gained significant attention. Interleaving involves mixing different types of problems or topics within a single study session, rather than blocking them together. In a landmark 2019 study, students who practiced solving different types of math problems in an interleaved fashion outperformed those who studied in traditional blocks by 43% on a delayed test one month later. Importantly, the interleaved group actually felt less confident during the study session itself — a phenomenon researchers call a “desirable difficulty”. The second challenge concerns the environment itself. The ideal of the silent, monastic study space may be a modern invention. Before the 19th century, scholars commonly studied in noisy coffeehouses and bustling public spaces. A 2022 experiment at a Danish university found that participants who studied in a moderately noisy café (around 65 decibels) performed better on creative problem-solving tasks than those in silence. The researchers suppose that mild surrounding noise promotes abstract thinking by preventing the brain from over-focusing on any single stimulus. The third challenge is more fundamental: the very idea that “focus” is the primary determinant of learning. Sleep researchers have demonstrated that memory consolidation — the process by which fragile short-term memories become stable long-term ones — occurs mainly during deep sleep. A student who sacrifices sleep to study may be weakening the very memory they are working to achieve. None of this means that effort and attention are unimportant. What the research collectively suggests is that learning is a messier, more biologically grounded process than the clean desks and silent libraries of our cultural imagination allow. 53. Why does the author describe interleaving as a “desirable difficulty”? A. It is difficult to implement but delivers clear benefits. B. It feels harder during study but produces better long-term outcomes. C. It is recommended by researchers but rarely used by students. D. It creates confidence during study that later proves misleading. 54. What does the 2022 Danish experiment suggest about study environments? A. Silence is universally beneficial for concentration. B. Moderate noise can enhance certain types of thinking. C. Coffee shops are better than libraries for all academic tasks. D. Surrounding noise harms memory consolidation. 55. According to the passage, how does sleep affect learning? A. It provides a break that prevents mental tiredness. B. It allows the brain to process distractions more efficiently. C. It is essential for transforming short-term memories into lasting ones. D. It has no measurable impact on exam performance. 56. Which of the following best summarizes the passage’s main argument? A. Traditional study advice is outdated and should be completely abandoned. B. Learning is a complex process that disobeys simple rules about focus and environment. C. Interleaving is the single most effective study technique. D. Students should study in noisy cafés rather than quiet libraries. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Why Cities Are Getting Quieter For most of the twentieth century, the soundscape of a major city was defined by noise. Honking taxis, rumbling subway trains, construction drills, and the constant hum of traffic formed an urban symphony that residents largely learned to tune out. ____57____ The shift is partly technological. The rise of electric vehicles has removed one of the most pervasive sources of urban noise: the internal combustion engine. Electric buses and delivery trucks, now common in cities like Shenzhen and Oslo, produce almost no sound at low speeds. ____58____ City planners have also begun to treat noise as a public health issue, introducing stricter regulations on construction hours and designing buildings with sound-absorbing materials. But the quietest change may be cultural. ____59____ A generation that grew up with noise-cancelling headphones and personal audio devices has developed different expectations about public sound. Where previous generations tolerated honking as an unavoidable feature of city life, younger residents are more likely to report it, complain about it, and demand that it be regulated. Yet silence brings its own challenges. As cities grow quieter, residents report hearing things they never noticed before — distant conversations, footsteps, the hum of ventilation systems. ____60____ Some urban planners argue that a completely silent city would be disorienting and even unsafe, since sound helps us navigate public spaces and detect danger. The future of urban sound, then, is not likely to be silence in the absolute sense. It will be a more deliberate soundscape — one in which noise is treated as a design choice rather than an unavoidable by-product. A. This, in turn, has changed the way people behave in public spaces. B. For others, however, the new quiet has been unsettling rather than soothing. C. Meanwhile, hybrid and electric engines are far quieter at the speeds at which most city driving occurs. D. Yet in recent years, many major cities have seen a gradual but measurable decline in urban noise levels. E. Some cities have even begun mapping their soundscapes to identify which noises residents find most disruptive. F. Others argue that the decline in urban noise is largely a result of economic changes rather than technology. 第II卷（共40分） I. Spelling Directions: Write out the words according to the relevant definitions. The first letter is given to you. 61. a______ (v.) to gain something by your own efforts 62. b______ (n.) a small round piece of metal, plastic, etc. sewn onto a piece of clothing 63. b______ (n.) a personal record that somebody puts on their website 64. e______ (n.) a flat paper container used for sending letters in 65. h______ (a.) important in history 66. s______ (n.) a work of art that is a solid figure or object made by carving or shaping wood, stone, clay, metal, etc. 67. o______ (adv.) in the beginning, before other things happened 68. r______ (v.) to show one’s attitude or feeling 69. r______ (v.) to say or do something in reply 70. s______ (v.) to make a place your home II. Recitation Directions: Fill in each blank with missing words according to the text. 71. In another, a child is working ___________ in Peru. (根据句意填空) 72. One ___________, the other is poor, but then the shoeshine boy shows us his favorite thing — his notebook computer. (根据句意填空) 73. It’s raining outside and she’s ___________ on her phone. (根据句意填空) 74. In other words, she wants to show that ___________. (根据句意填空) 75. As one of China’s great former capitals, Xi’an grew to be the largest city in the world ___________, a golden age of art and poetry. (根据句意填空) 76. Chang’an, ___________ at the time, was the starting point of the Silk Road, which connected China to the world. (根据句意填空) 77. It was here that Xuan Zang ___________ his famous travels, which became the basis of Journey to the West. (根据句意填空) 78. Today, Xi’an is a modern city, at the heart of ___________, but its long history can be seen everywhere: it is one of the few cities in the world that still have city walls. (根据句意填空) III. Phrases Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the phrases given in the box. Note that each phrase can be used only once and there are one phrases more than you need. be amazed at be particular about beyond description in the distance in response on the scene originate from refer to 79. The custom of exchanging gifts during the Spring Festival is believed to ______ an ancient tradition that dates back more than two thousand years. 80. When the emergency call came in, the rescue team arrived ______ within ten minutes and immediately began searching for survivors. 81. The beauty of the sunset over the West Lake was ______; no photograph could ever capture its full glory. 82. My grandmother ______ the freshness of the vegetables she buys — she visits three different markets just to find the best ones. 83. The new safety regulations ______ by the local government in response to the recent accidents have been well received by most factories. 84. We ______ the patience and dedication of the medical workers who served on the front line during the pandemic. 85. As we climbed to the top of the mountain, we could see a small village ______, its roofs shining in the morning sun. VI. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 86. 这款手机的许多设计细节都体现了日本品牌的一贯特征。(be typical of) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________ 87. 正是在那次志愿活动中，我第一次意识到团队合作的重要性。(It) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________ 88. 均衡的饮食和规律的体育锻炼有助于降低患心脏病的风险。(contribute) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________ 89. 你最好提前预订机票，以防票价上涨，而且旅游旺季的座位往往很快售罄。(in case) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $