专题03 定语从句（复习讲义）（上海专用）2027年春季高考英语

专题03 定语从句 内容导航 命题分析与考情透视 1 知识网络梳理 2 核心考点精讲 5 考点一：关系代词引导定语从句（难点） 5 考点二：关系副词引导定语从句（重点） 15 考点三：非限制定语从句（难点） 24 考点四：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句（重点） 25 实战演练 34 考试要求 定语从句是高考的重点+热点，定语从句的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空和句子翻译中，尤其是非限制性定语从句用法。高频考点有: 1.关系代词(that.which.who.whom.whose,as)和关系副词(where. when. why)的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。 2.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别: 3.介词+关系代词的用法; 4.不定代词/数词+of which/whom 引导的非限制性定语从句: 命题分析 场次 考查题型 核心考点 命题趋势 2021 春考 语法填空 限制性定语从句，关系代词 who/that 基础考点，先行词指人，从句缺主语；语篇生活化，难度中等 2021 秋考 语法填空 非限制性定语从句，which 逗号分隔，指代前文整件事；典型非限考法 2022 春考 语法填空 非限制性定语从句，where where 修饰地点先行词，从句主干完整；非限，侧重关系副词辨析 2022 秋考 语法填空 非限制性定语从句，which 逗号后 which 指代事物，从句缺少宾语；上海卷最高频考法 2023 春考 语法填空 限制性定语从句，who/that 先行词是人，从句缺主语，基础送分型 2023 秋考 句子翻译（2 道） ①as 引导非限制性定语从句；②where 引导非限制性定语从句 翻译题给出提示词 where，强制使用定语从句；as 置于句首，难点题型 2024 春考 语法填空 非限制性定语从句，介词 + which 难点结构，考查 “介词 + 关系代词”，区分介词逻辑 2024 秋考 语法填空 非限制性定语从句，whose 关系代词 whose 表所属关系，先行词为物，易混淆 2025 春考 语法填空 非限制性定语从句，不定代词 + of which 难点结构：some/most + of which，非限，区分 of which/of whom 2025 秋考 句子翻译 where 引导非限制性定语从句，抽象先行词（situation/case） 先行词不是具象地点，抽象名词后用 where，学生易错 解题策略 （01）定位先行词与从句成分 先划出被修饰的名词/代词（先行词），再分析从句中缺少的成分（主语、宾语、状语等）。 例：The museum ___ we visited yesterday was built in 1930. → 先行词museum在从句中作visited的宾语，填that/which或省略。 （02）判断关系词类型 指人用who/whom/that（宾格whom可省）；指物用which/that（可省）；所属关系用whose；时间/地点/原因状语用when/where/why。 上海卷高频陷阱：先行词为case, situation, point, stage等抽象名词时，常填where（表抽象地点）。 例：She has reached a stage ___ she can make her own decisions. → where。 （03）验证主谓一致与特殊结构 主谓一致：关系代词作主语时，从句谓语单复数与先行词一致。 例：The only one of the students who ___ (be) late was Tom. → was（先行词the only one为单数）。 非限定性从句（逗号隔开）：不可用that，指人用who，指物用which。 例：He failed the exam, ___ made his parents angry. → which。 · 考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时 先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 先行词既有人又有物时 只用which的 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况 关系代词as和which 的区别 as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. · 考点二：关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? · 考点三：非限制性定语从句 1. 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去 掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。 e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。） 2. which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。 e. g. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages，which surprises all the people present. (一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。） 3. 在非限制性定语从句中，还可把all, some，most, none或both加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 e. g. He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (他深深地爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。） · 考点四：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。 2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 （2026年浦东新区一模） A particularly remarkable example is Scottish writer William Sharp, ____8____ came to see his pen name Fiona Macleod as a “demonstration of a different, female side of his nature.” （2026年金山区一模） The Center entered its“pet-friendly 2.0 stage”this year, attracting over 2,600 members ____7____ made 7,000 pet-related purchases. （2026年金山区一模） The Center entered its“pet-friendly 2.0 stage”this year, attracting over 2,600 members ____7____ made 7,000 pet-related purchases. （2026年奉贤区一模） He asked his third prince, Yinzhi, to establish a museum of mathematics ____7____ talented scholars would engage in research and observation of mathematical laws and the universe. （2026年长宁区一模） On 9 October, a painting entitled Motherhood, by Pablo Picasso, was targeted by a campaign group called Youth Demand, ____5____ members messed up the frame, spotted the wall and also poured red paint over the floor. （2026年普陀区一模） We arrived in Shanghai sleepy and excited at 5: 30 a.m. Despite the early start, the air was already hot and soupy, ____2____ my son used as an excuse to head straight for a convenience store and buy one of the many drinks he’d remembered from all those years before. （2026年青浦区一模） Much more likely is____2____ the bin is only the departure point on a long journey to the other side of the world, ____3____ that bottle will be washed, dried, sorted by material, and turned into packaging material. Consider that a victory. （2026年闵行区一模） Putting so much money toward professional photos might feel like a luxury. But family pictures have long been highly treasured objects, ____8____ value lies less in their material form than in the memories they preserve. （2026年虹口区一模） In the past,life was full of risks:diseases,hunger,and poverty.Folk stories reflected that world. In Hansel and Gretel,two children are abandoned and almost captured by a witch (女巫),(2) _______ reminds us that cleverness and courage are needed for survival. （2026年嘉定区一模） A specific study led by Benjamin Cheung investigated these cultural differences, (7) ______ researchers compared 295 university students from Canada and Japan. （2026年徐汇区一模） Ecologists could literally sniff out the health of an ecosystem, sensing soil conditions and plant vitality, ____8____ revolutionized restoration efforts. （2026年松江区一模） Their favorite example is Plato, who complained that writing, ____4____ functions cover storing facts and arguments on paper, would weaken pupils’ ability to remember them. Plato was wrong, but his mistake two thousand years ago does not mean that today’s worries are misguided. 一、单句语法填空 1．All is required of us is to take every challenge seriously and stick to our original ambition. (用适当的词填空) 2．A company products are popular among teenagers must attach importance to innovation. (用适当的词填空) 3．There are still many problems remain to be solved in our daily life. (用适当的词填空) 4．The people and places you have seen during your journey will leave wonderful memories in your mind. 5．The celebrated architect, innovative designs young creators deeply admire, has just won the prestigious award. (用适当的词填空) 6．The house roof was damaged in the heavy storm will be repaired as soon as the weather becomes fine. 7．The lady we talked with just now works for a consumer‑protection organization. (用适当的词填空) 8．Dali is such a cozy destination for backpackers has been nicknamed Dalifornia. （用适当的词填空） 9．It never occurred to her that she was faced with the same stage they had been faced with tackling the health crisis. (用适当的词填空) 10．He is not so stubborn a man refuses to listen to reasonable suggestions. (用适当的词填空) 11．“Ungelivable” is so new an English word coined on the Internet is forbidden to appear in official media or documents at present. 12．..., these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through we understand our lives. (用适当的词填空) 13．The zoo will launch an educational program visitors can learn how to protect wild animals. (用适当的词填空) 14．It is important to choose good friends you can share your feelings and thoughts. （用适当的词填空） 15．One’s character is always defined by the way the rules are carried out in one’s behavior. (用适当的词填空) 16．Please tell me the reason you would like to move out of the old apartment. (用适当的词填空) 17．This is the community many labour‑saving devices were first introduced to local families. (用适当的词填空) 18．That is the reason many teenagers prefer science‑fiction books in their spare time. (用适当的词填空) 19．The moment the bomb disappeared from the lab caused great panic among the workers. (用适当的词填空) 20．The occasion we make our own house rules is really meaningful for every family. (用适当的词填空) 21．This is the occasion every member should take his own responsibility for the house. (用适当的词填空) 22．The days will soon come we can fully enjoy our colourful senior-high school life. （用适当的词填空） 23．The reason he refused to take part in this meaningful activity has not been known to all of us so far. 24．Many families are not trapped in poverty, but in a subtle situation emotional communication gradually fades amid busy daily routines. (用适当的词填空) 25．She found herself in a position she was so puzzled about how to make the most proper choice. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26．We have reached a critical point we must make a decision immediately. (用适当的词填空) 27．The team has reached a critical point in their research a single experiment could determine their ultimate success or failure. (用适当的词填空) 28．The small town has reached a stage traditional customs can’t fit urban development. (用适当的词填空) 29．They followed our suggestion and chose the same restaurant we usually celebrate birthdays. (用适当的词填空) 30．TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a social media platform short videos can be edited and uploaded easily. 二、句子翻译 31．秋高气爽，是户外写生的好时节。(when) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________ 32．悬崖观景台只能步行前往，这给雨夜出行的游客带来了诸多不便。（accessible）（汉译英） ______________________________ 33．这些规定让过去对健身行业各种乱象心存担忧的消费者终于安心了。（who）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 34．根据公司规定，工作满五年的员工有权享受带薪年假，这让他们感到心安理得。(entitle)(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 35．当他们开始新的冒险时，他们希望旅途一帆风顺，每一个挑战都能轻松应对，每一个目标都能不费吹灰之力地实现。(where)(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 36．正如这位小说家所告诫的，只有打牢基础，我们才能行稳致远。(As) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 37．现在许多青少年拥有智能手机，其强大的功能让他们能够轻而易举地学习、社交和探索世界。（whose）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 38．这座公园设施陈旧，疏于管理，荒草丛生，经改造后，却让人眼前一亮。(whose) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 39．上海植物园是人们放松身心、远离喧嚣、沐浴阳光的绝佳去处。（where）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 40．你为什么会认为他能够在这个高手如云的赛场中可以不费吹灰之力就能重现往日辉煌呢？(where) (汉译英) ____________________________________________ 41．这部电视剧受青少年欢迎的原因是他们很容易与角色产生共鸣。(identify) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 42．那些太极习练者经常感到精神焕发，他们通过太极的练习，能够调节身体的能量流动，从而达到身心和谐的效果。(The reason) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 43．这家藏于市井的木工坊，氛围质朴纯粹，爱好者可亲手创作，感受匠心之美。（where）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________ 44．随着网络交流日益频繁，大量流行词汇从日常口语演变而来，并逐渐走红。(which) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 45．年轻人喜欢逛完博物馆后选购特色文创产品，无论是自用还是送人都很合适。（which） （汉译英） 46．这对新婚夫妻购置了一套价值一千万的别墅，这大大消耗了他们的积蓄。(drain) (汉译英) 47．老人外出就餐，家门口是否有社区食堂? (where) （汉译英） 48．在经过重新装修之后，这个曾经老旧的工厂摇身一变成了聚集各种时髦餐厅的“网红打卡点”。 (spot) (汉译英) 49．此次云南之行，虽行程匆匆，却游历了诸多胜地，访了旧友也交了新知，共话教育新篇章。（whom）(汉译英) 50．那位致力于保护濒危动物的专家在退休后举办了许多公益讲座，其主题都是关于人与自然和谐共存的重要性。（whose）（汉译英） 51．园艺使人们得以侍弄花草，通过与大自然的接触得到美的享受，能修身养性。(which) (汉译英) 三、真题演练 2022年秋考 This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry specific materials Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use to enhance a firm. 2022年春考 The light is called the aurora. Usually you can see it only at the very north of the earth,(23)_______it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. 2021年秋考 Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 people had become seriously ill.. 2021年春考 Otherwise, you'll need to find a local studio(25)______ can be expensive. 2020年秋考 This would be impossible (28)___without_____ clocks and watches, (29)________ are all around us: on walls, on our wrists, on our PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPod's. 2020年春考 The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and the two brothers were tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) _________ (23) they were challenged to a ball game. 2019年秋考 Orissa is the home three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species (23)threatened (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, (24) __________ around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world’s largest nesting sites. 2019年春考 So ambition and the timely realization (21) ________ he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. 2018年秋考 Sometimes, the parents (28 )_________complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. 2018年春考 The rooms (30) ______ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 定语从句 内容导航 命题分析与考情透视 1 知识网络梳理 2 核心考点精讲 5 考点一：关系代词引导定语从句（难点） 5 考点二：关系副词引导定语从句（重点） 15 考点三：非限制定语从句（难点） 24 考点四：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句（重点） 25 实战演练 34 考试要求 定语从句是高考的重点+热点，定语从句的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空和句子翻译中，尤其是非限制性定语从句用法。高频考点有: 1.关系代词(that.which.who.whom.whose,as)和关系副词(where. when. why)的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。 2.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别: 3.介词+关系代词的用法; 4.不定代词/数词+of which/whom 引导的非限制性定语从句: 命题分析 场次 考查题型 核心考点 命题趋势 2021 春考 语法填空 限制性定语从句，关系代词 who/that 基础考点，先行词指人，从句缺主语；语篇生活化，难度中等 2021 秋考 语法填空 非限制性定语从句，which 逗号分隔，指代前文整件事；典型非限考法 2022 春考 语法填空 非限制性定语从句，where where 修饰地点先行词，从句主干完整；非限，侧重关系副词辨析 2022 秋考 语法填空 非限制性定语从句，which 逗号后 which 指代事物，从句缺少宾语；上海卷最高频考法 2023 春考 语法填空 限制性定语从句，who/that 先行词是人，从句缺主语，基础送分型 2023 秋考 句子翻译（2 道） ①as 引导非限制性定语从句；②where 引导非限制性定语从句 翻译题给出提示词 where，强制使用定语从句；as 置于句首，难点题型 2024 春考 语法填空 非限制性定语从句，介词 + which 难点结构，考查 “介词 + 关系代词”，区分介词逻辑 2024 秋考 语法填空 非限制性定语从句，whose 关系代词 whose 表所属关系，先行词为物，易混淆 2025 春考 语法填空 非限制性定语从句，不定代词 + of which 难点结构：some/most + of which，非限，区分 of which/of whom 2025 秋考 句子翻译 where 引导非限制性定语从句，抽象先行词（situation/case） 先行词不是具象地点，抽象名词后用 where，学生易错 解题策略 （01）定位先行词与从句成分 先划出被修饰的名词/代词（先行词），再分析从句中缺少的成分（主语、宾语、状语等）。 例：The museum ___ we visited yesterday was built in 1930. → 先行词museum在从句中作visited的宾语，填that/which或省略。 （02）判断关系词类型 指人用who/whom/that（宾格whom可省）；指物用which/that（可省）；所属关系用whose；时间/地点/原因状语用when/where/why。 上海卷高频陷阱：先行词为case, situation, point, stage等抽象名词时，常填where（表抽象地点）。 例：She has reached a stage ___ she can make her own decisions. → where。 （03）验证主谓一致与特殊结构 主谓一致：关系代词作主语时，从句谓语单复数与先行词一致。 例：The only one of the students who ___ (be) late was Tom. → was（先行词the only one为单数）。 非限定性从句（逗号隔开）：不可用that，指人用who，指物用which。 例：He failed the exam, ___ made his parents angry. → which。 · 考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时 先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 先行词既有人又有物时 只用which的 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况 关系代词as和which 的区别 as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. · 考点二：关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? · 考点三：非限制性定语从句 1. 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去 掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。 e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。） 2. which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。 e. g. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages，which surprises all the people present. (一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。） 3. 在非限制性定语从句中，还可把all, some，most, none或both加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 e. g. He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (他深深地爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。） · 考点四：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。 2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 （2026年浦东新区一模） A particularly remarkable example is Scottish writer William Sharp, ____8____ came to see his pen name Fiona Macleod as a “demonstration of a different, female side of his nature.” 【答案】 8. who 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：一个尤为显著的例子是苏格兰作家威廉・夏普，他将自己的笔名菲奥娜・麦克劳德视为“自己天性中不同的女性一面的展现”。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是William Sharp，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who来引导。故填who。 （2026年金山区一模） The Center entered its“pet-friendly 2.0 stage”this year, attracting over 2,600 members ____7____ made 7,000 pet-related purchases. 【答案】 7. who##that 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：该中心今年进入“宠物友好2.0阶段”，吸引了2600多名会员，这些会员完成了7000笔宠物相关消费。此处引导定语从句，先行词为over 2,600 members，指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。 （2026年金山区一模） The Center entered its“pet-friendly 2.0 stage”this year, attracting over 2,600 members ____7____ made 7,000 pet-related purchases. 【答案】 7. who##that 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：该中心今年进入“宠物友好2.0阶段”，吸引了2600多名会员，这些会员完成了7000笔宠物相关消费。此处引导定语从句，先行词为over 2,600 members，指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。 （2026年奉贤区一模） He asked his third prince, Yinzhi, to establish a museum of mathematics ____7____ talented scholars would engage in research and observation of mathematical laws and the universe. 【答案】7. where 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他命三子胤祉建立一座算学馆，让才华出众的学者们可以在馆内研究和观测数学规律与宇宙。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为a museum of mathematics，表地点，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 （2026年长宁区一模） On 9 October, a painting entitled Motherhood, by Pablo Picasso, was targeted by a campaign group called Youth Demand, ____5____ members messed up the frame, spotted the wall and also poured red paint over the floor. 【答案】 5. whose 【5题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：10月9日，Pablo Picasso的一幅名为《Motherhood》的画作遭到一个名为“Youth Demand”的竞选团体的攻击，该团体的成员弄乱了画框，在墙上泼了污点，还在地板上泼了红漆。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是campaign group，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰名词members，故用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 （2026年普陀区一模） We arrived in Shanghai sleepy and excited at 5: 30 a.m. Despite the early start, the air was already hot and soupy, ____2____ my son used as an excuse to head straight for a convenience store and buy one of the many drinks he’d remembered from all those years before. 【答案】 2. which 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：尽管出发得很早，空气已经又热又闷，我儿子以此为借口径直走向一家便利店，买了他多年前记得的众多饮品中的一款。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代上文“the air was already hot and soupy”，且关系词在从句中作used的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 （2026年青浦区一模） Much more likely is____2____ the bin is only the departure point on a long journey to the other side of the world, ____3____ that bottle will be washed, dried, sorted by material, and turned into packaging material. Consider that a victory. 【答案】 3. where 【3题详解】 考查定语从句引导词。句意：更有可能的是，这个垃圾桶只是通往世界另一端漫长旅程的起点，在那里，瓶子将被清洗、干燥、按材料分类，然后变成包装材料。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the other side of the world，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 （2026年闵行区一模） Putting so much money toward professional photos might feel like a luxury. But family pictures have long been highly treasured objects, ____8____ value lies less in their material form than in the memories they preserve. 【答案】 8. whose 【8题详解】 考查关系代词。句意：但家庭照片一直是非常珍贵的物品，其价值不在于物质形式，而在于它们保存的记忆。先行词objects和value是所属关系，此处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 （2026年虹口区一模） In the past,life was full of risks:diseases,hunger,and poverty.Folk stories reflected that world. In Hansel and Gretel,two children are abandoned and almost captured by a witch (女巫),(2) _______ reminds us that cleverness and courage are needed for survival. 【答案】2. which 【2 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在《汉塞尔与格蕾特》中，两个孩子被遗弃，险些被女巫抓住，这提醒我们生存需要聪明才智和勇气。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，故用 which 引导，填 which。 （2026年嘉定区一模） A specific study led by Benjamin Cheung investigated these cultural differences, (7) ______ researchers compared 295 university students from Canada and Japan. 【答案】 (7) where 【7 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：一项由本杰明・张主导的具体研究调查了这些文化差异，研究人员在该研究中比较了 295 名来自加拿大和日本的大学生。先行词为 “study”，在从句中作地点状语（in the study），故用 where 引导定语从句，填 where。 （2026年徐汇区一模） Ecologists could literally sniff out the health of an ecosystem, sensing soil conditions and plant vitality, ____8____ revolutionized restoration efforts. 【答案】8. which 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：生态学家简直能嗅出生态系统的健康状况，感知土壤条件和植物活力，这彻底改变了生态修复工作。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Ecologists could literally sniff out the health of an ecosystem, sensing soil conditions and plant vitality”这件事，故应用which引导，故填which。 （2026年松江区一模） Their favorite example is Plato, who complained that writing, ____4____ functions cover storing facts and arguments on paper, would weaken pupils’ ability to remember them. Plato was wrong, but his mistake two thousand years ago does not mean that today’s worries are misguided. 【答案】 4. whose 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他们最喜欢举的例子是柏拉图，他抱怨说，书写这种活动（其功能包括将事实和论点记录在纸上）会削弱学生记忆这些内容的能力。定语从句先行词为writing，从句中functions前缺定语，表 “书写的功能”，故用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。 一、单句语法填空 1．All is required of us is to take every challenge seriously and stick to our original ambition. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：对我们所有的要求就是认真对待每一项挑战并坚守最初的志向。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为不定代词all，定语从句缺少主语，只能用关系代词that引导。 2．A company products are popular among teenagers must attach importance to innovation. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：一家其产品在青少年中广受欢迎的公司必须重视创新。设空处引导定语从句，修饰company，从句中作定语，修饰products，用关系代词whose。 3．There are still many problems remain to be solved in our daily life. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：我们的日常生活中仍有许多问题有待解决。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是problems，关系词作从句主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。 4．The people and places you have seen during your journey will leave wonderful memories in your mind. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：你在旅途中见过的人和地方会在你的脑海里留下美好的回忆。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The people and places​，从句中缺少宾语，需用关系代词引导；由于先行词既包含人（people）又包含物（places），根据定语从句规则，当先行词同时含有人和物时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。 5．The celebrated architect, innovative designs young creators deeply admire, has just won the prestigious award. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位著名的建筑师刚刚获得了这一著名奖项，他的创新设计深受年轻创作者的钦佩。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少定语，修饰先行词architect，表示所属关系，因此需要关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 6．The house roof was damaged in the heavy storm will be repaired as soon as the weather becomes fine. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：那栋在暴风雨中屋顶受损的房子，天气一转好就会被修理。空处引导定语从句，先行词The house与空后名词roof构成所属关系，表示“房子的屋顶”，应用关系代词whose作定语。 7．The lady we talked with just now works for a consumer‑protection organization. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom/who/that 【详解】句意：刚才和我们交谈的那位女士在一家消费者权益保护机构工作。 先行词the lady是人，关系词在定语从句 we talked with中作介词with的宾语。指人、作宾语可用who、whom、that。 8．Dali is such a cozy destination for backpackers has been nicknamed Dalifornia. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大理是背包客的温馨之地，被戏称为“大理弗尼亚”。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a cozy destination，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词前有such修饰，所以用关系代词as引导定语从句。故填as。 9．It never occurred to her that she was faced with the same stage they had been faced with tackling the health crisis. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 as when 【详解】考查定语从句和状语从句。句意：她从来没有想到，她所面临的阶段与他们在应对健康危机时所面临的阶段相同。第一空引导定语从句，修饰先行词stage，关系词代替先行词在从句中作had been faced with的宾语，且先行词有the same修饰，应用关系as引导；第二空为状语从句的省略，表示“当……时候”用when，从句省略了主语和be动词。故填①as；②when。 10．He is not so stubborn a man refuses to listen to reasonable suggestions. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他并不是一个固执到拒绝听取合理建议的人。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词man被so修饰，所以此处使用关系代词as。故填as。 11．“Ungelivable” is so new an English word coined on the Internet is forbidden to appear in official media or documents at present. 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。so...as...如此……以至于……。句意：“不给力”是网络杜撰的一个如此新的词，以至于它现在还不能在官方媒体和文件里使用。故填as。 12．..., these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through we understand our lives. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】句意：……这些核心特征与我们的记忆结合在一起，通过它们我们理解自己的生活，从而创造出一个个人的故事。story后为定语从句，修饰先行词a personal story，且关系词在从句中作介词through的宾语，应用关系代词which。 13．The zoo will launch an educational program visitors can learn how to protect wild animals. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 from which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：动物园将推出一个教育项目，游客可以从中学习如何保护野生动物。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为an educational program，指物；learn from...是固定搭配，意为“从……学习”，此处需用“介词from+关系代词which”引导定语从句，which指代先行词an educational program，在从句中作from的宾语。故填①from；②which。 14．It is important to choose good friends you can share your feelings and thoughts. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】 with whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：选择可以分享你的感受和想法的好朋友是很重要的。分析句子可知，空处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是friends，指人，share sth. with sb.和某人分享某物，固定短语，故介词用with，关系词在从句中作介词with的宾语，且指人，用关系代词whom。故填①with②whom。 15．One’s character is always defined by the way the rules are carried out in one’s behavior. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】in which/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：一个人的性格总是由他在行为中执行规则的方式所决定的。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the way，当先行词是way的时候，定语从句引导词可以用in which或that或什么也不用。故填in which/that。 16．Please tell me the reason you would like to move out of the old apartment. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】句意：请告诉我你想要搬出这套旧公寓的原因。 空格引导定语从句，先行词是the reason，从句中不缺主语和宾语，缺少原因状语，用关系副词why。 17．This is the community many labour‑saving devices were first introduced to local families. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】句意：这就是那个许多省力设备首次被引进到当地家庭的社区。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词是the community，表地点，从句结构完整，不缺主语或宾语，应用关系副词where，在从句中作地点状语。 18．That is the reason many teenagers prefer science‑fiction books in their spare time. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】句意：这就是为什么许多青少年在空闲时间更喜欢科幻小说的原因。空处引导定语从句，先行词是the reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，要用关系副词why引导定语从句。 19．The moment the bomb disappeared from the lab caused great panic among the workers. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】句意：炸弹从实验室消失的那一刻，在工作人员当中引起了巨大的恐慌。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是The moment，从句中缺少时间状语，应用关系副词when。 20．The occasion we make our own house rules is really meaningful for every family. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】句意：我们制定家规的时刻，对每个家庭来说都意义非凡。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是occasion，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。 21．This is the occasion every member should take his own responsibility for the house. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】句意：这是每个成员都应当为集体承担起自身责任的时刻。______ every member should take his own responsibility for the house是关系词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the occasion；先行词表示时间，所填关系词在该从句中作时间状语，要填关系副词when。 22．The days will soon come we can fully enjoy our colourful senior-high school life. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】when 【详解】句意：我们能够尽情享受丰富多彩的高中生活的日子很快就会到来。先行词为The days，表示时间，从句不缺主语、宾语，用关系副词when引导定语从句。此处先行词和从句被主句谓语will soon come隔开，属于分隔定语从句。 23．The reason he refused to take part in this meaningful activity has not been known to all of us so far. 【答案】why 【详解】句意：他拒绝参加这项有意义活动的原因，到目前为止我们所有人都还不清楚。空处引导定语从句，先行词是the reason，从句缺少原因状语，表示“……的原因”，用关系副词why。 24．Many families are not trapped in poverty, but in a subtle situation emotional communication gradually fades amid busy daily routines. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】句意：许多家庭并未陷入贫困，而是陷入一种微妙处境，日常琐事缠身，情感交流日渐淡化。空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词situation，在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。 25．She found herself in a position she was so puzzled about how to make the most proper choice. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她发现自己处于这样一种境地：对于如何做出最恰当的选择，她感到十分困惑。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词position是抽象地点，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。 26．We have reached a critical point we must make a decision immediately. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】句意：我们已经到了必须立刻做出决定的关键阶段。此处引导定语从句，先行词为抽象地点名词point，从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。 27．The team has reached a critical point in their research a single experiment could determine their ultimate success or failure. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该团队的研究已到了关键时刻，在这个阶段，一项实验就能决定他们最终的成败。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a critical point，表示抽象地点，关系词在定语从句中充当地点状语，需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 28．The small town has reached a stage traditional customs can’t fit urban development. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个小镇已经到了传统习俗无法适应城市发展的阶段。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是stage，表示抽象地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 29．They followed our suggestion and chose the same restaurant we usually celebrate birthdays. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们采纳了我们的建议，选择了我们通常庆祝生日的那家餐厅。此处引导定语从句，先行词为 the same restaurant，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导，故填where。 30．TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a social media platform short videos can be edited and uploaded easily. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：TikTok，在中国被称为抖音，是一个可以轻松编辑和上传短视频的社交媒体平台。______ short videos can be edited and uploaded easily.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a social media platform，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以填关系副词where。故填where。 二、句子翻译 31．秋高气爽，是户外写生的好时节。(when) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________ 【答案】Autumn, when the sky is high and the air is refreshing, is a wonderful season to do sketching outdoors. 【详解】表示“秋天”用Autumn，作主语。“秋高气爽”即“当天空高悬，空气清新”用when引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Autumn，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用when引导。表示“秋高气爽”用when the sky is high and the air is refreshing。系动词用is。表示“好时节”用a wonderful season。表示“户外写生”用do sketching outdoors。不定式to do sketching outdoors作后置定语修饰season。 32．悬崖观景台只能步行前往，这给雨夜出行的游客带来了诸多不便。（accessible）（汉译英） ______________________________ 【答案】The cliff-view platform is only accessible on foot, which brings much inconvenience to tourists travelling on a rainy night. 【详解】句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时。表示“悬崖观景台”用the cliff-view platform，作主语；表示“可到达的”用accessible， be accessible on foot表示“只能步行前往”；表示“这给雨夜出行的游客带来了诸多不便”用which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整件事；从句中：表示“带来诸多不便”用brings much inconvenience to；表示“雨夜出行的游客”用tourists travelling on a rainy night，现在分词travelling作后置定语修饰tourists。 33．这些规定让过去对健身行业各种乱象心存担忧的消费者终于安心了。（who）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】These regulations have finally eased the concerns of consumers who were once worried about all kinds of malpractices in the fitness industry. 【详解】“这些规定”表达为名词短语these regulations，作主语；“终于”表达为副词finally，置于助动词之后实义动词之前；“让……安心”表达为动词ease，作谓语动词，此处表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时；“消费者的担忧”表达为名词短语the concerns of consumers，作ease的宾语；“过去对健身行业各种乱象心存担忧的”处理为定语从句修饰先行词consumers，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语，从句用关系代词who引导；“过去”表达为once；“心存担忧”表达为be worried about；“各种”表达为all kinds of；“健身行业各种乱象”表达为名词短语malpractices in the fitness industry；从句陈述过去存在的状态，用一般过去时。 34．根据公司规定，工作满五年的员工有权享受带薪年假，这让他们感到心安理得。(entitle)(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 According to the company’s regulations, employees who have worked for the company for five years are entitled to paid annual leave, which makes them feel at ease. 【详解】句子陈述规定和客观事实，整体用一般现在时。“根据公司规定”表达为according to the company’s regulations，主语“员工”表达为employees，“工作满五年的”处理为修饰employees的定语从句，关系词在句中作主语，可用who引导从句，谓语“已经为……工作”用have worked for，“这家公司”用the company，“五年”用for five years，主句谓语“有权享有”表达为be entitled to，主语是复数，be用are，宾语“带薪年假”表达为paid annual leave；“这让他们感到心安理得”处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词是上文句子所述内容，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which，“让某人感到心安理得”用make sb. feel at ease，主语which为单数意义，谓语make用单数形式，“他们”用them，作makes的宾语。 35．当他们开始新的冒险时，他们希望旅途一帆风顺，每一个挑战都能轻松应对，每一个目标都能不费吹灰之力地实现。(where)(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 When they start their new adventure, they hope for a journey where everything goes smoothly, every challenge can be handled easily, and every goal can be achieved effortlessly. 【详解】表示“当……时候”应用when引导时间状语从句；表示“他们”应用they；表示“开始”应用start，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为they，谓语动词用原形；表示“新的冒险”应用their new adventure；表示“希望”应用hope for；表示“旅途”应用a journey；表示“一切”应用everything；表示“一帆风顺”应用go smoothly，表示“旅途一帆风顺”应用a journey where everything goes smoothly，where引导限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作地点状语；表示“每一个挑战”应用every challenge；表示“能够”应用can；表示“应对”应用handle，handle和every challenge为被动关系，需用被动语态；表示“轻松地”应用easily；表示“每一个目标”应用every goal；表示“实现”应用achieve，此处使用被动语态；表示“不费吹灰之力地”应用effortlessly，where引导的定语从句中包含三个并列分句，需用连词and连接最后一个分句。 36．正如这位小说家所告诫的，只有打牢基础，我们才能行稳致远。(As) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 As the novelist warns, only by laying a solid foundation can we go far steadily. 【详解】本句翻译为含定语从句的主从复合句，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“正如……所告诫的”用as引导非限制性定语从句，as指代后文主句内容，在从句中作宾语，从句主语“这位小说家”用the novelist，谓语“告诫”用warn；主句中“只有通过打牢基础”用only by laying a solid foundation作状语，主干“我们才能行稳致远”表达为 we can go far steadily，“only+状语”在句首时，句子要进行部分倒装，本句中将情态动词can提到主语we之前。 37．现在许多青少年拥有智能手机，其强大的功能让他们能够轻而易举地学习、社交和探索世界。（whose）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Nowadays many teenagers own smartphones, whose powerful functions enable them to study, socialize and explore the world easily. 【详解】句子陈述客观现象，用一般现在时；“许多青少年”用many teenagers，“拥有智能手机”用own smartphones；用whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词smartphones，“强大的功能”用powerful functions；“让某人能够做某事”用enable sb. to do sth.；“学习、社交和探索世界”用 study, socialize and explore the world。 38．这座公园设施陈旧，疏于管理，荒草丛生，经改造后，却让人眼前一亮。(whose) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Though the park whose facilities were outdated was overgrown with weeds for lack of proper management, it amazed people after being transformed. 【详解】考查让步状语从句、定语从句、动词短语、介词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子结构可知，该句为连词though“尽管，虽然”引导的让步状语从句，在该从句中，表示“这座公园”为名词the park；后接关系代词whose引导的定语从句对先行词the park的修饰，该定语从句中，表示“设施”为名词facilities；表示“陈旧的”为形容词outdated；表示“由于缺乏适当的管理而杂草丛生”可译为were outdated was overgrown with weeds for lack of proper management；在主句中，表示“让人眼前一亮”应为动词短语amazed people；表示“经改造后”应为介词短语after being transformed；结合句意可知，该句陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故翻译为Though the park whose facilities were outdated was overgrown with weeds for lack of proper management, it amazed people after being transformed. 39．上海植物园是人们放松身心、远离喧嚣、沐浴阳光的绝佳去处。（where）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Shanghai Botanical Garden is a perfect place where people can relax themselves, stay away from the city noise and enjoy the sunshine. 【详解】表示“上海植物园”应用Shanghai Botanical Garden，表示“是”为be动词作谓语，句子描述客观事实，谓语用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为is，表示“绝佳去处”应用a perfect place，表示“放松身心、远离喧嚣、沐浴阳光的”用where引导定语从句修饰名词place，从句主语为people，表示“放松身心”应用动词短语relax themselves，表示“远离喧嚣”应用stay away from the city noise，表示“沐浴阳光”应用enjoy the sunshine，三个动作由and连接构成并列结构； 40．你为什么会认为他能够在这个高手如云的赛场中可以不费吹灰之力就能重现往日辉煌呢？(where) (汉译英) ____________________________________________ 【答案】 Why do you think he can regain his past glory without any effort in this competition where there are numerous excellent players? 【详解】根据句意，主句用一般现在时，表示你为什么会认为，用why do you think，后面的内容为宾语，可以用宾语从句，他能够重现往日辉煌表示为“he can regain his past glory”，不费吹灰之力用介词短语without any effort，在这个比赛中表示为“in this competition”，高手如云的可以作为定语从句修饰名词competition，用where引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词competition在从句中作地点状语，高手如云表示为“ there are numerous excellent players”。 41．这部电视剧受青少年欢迎的原因是他们很容易与角色产生共鸣。(identify) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The reason why this TV series is popular among teenagers is that it’s very easy for them to identify with the characters. 【详解】句子描述客观普遍情况，用一般现在时。“……的原因是……”用固定句型The reason why...is that...表示，其中why引导定语从句修饰先行词the reason，that引导表语从句。“这部电视剧”用this TV series表示，“受……欢迎”译为be popular among,“青少年”译为teenagers,“与……产生共鸣”用identify with表示，“角色”用the characters作宾语，“某人做某事很容易”用形式主语句型it’s easy for sb to do sth表示。 42．那些太极习练者经常感到精神焕发，他们通过太极的练习，能够调节身体的能量流动，从而达到身心和谐的效果。(The reason) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The reason why Tai Chi practitioners often feel refreshed is that through their practice, they can channel/regulate the flow of energy in their bodies, achieving harmony between body and mind. 【详解】考查固定句型、时态和非谓语动词。根据汉语意思和提示词可知，本句为“The reason why...is that...”句型，陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。“太极习练者经常感到精神焕发”为主系表结构，翻译为“Tai Chi practitioners often feel refreshed”；“，他们通过太极的练习”为“ through their practice”；“调节身体的能量流动”为“channel/regulate the flow of energy in their bodies”；“达到身心和谐的效果”为“achieve harmony between body and mind”与主语they为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。调整语序，故翻译为：The reason why Tai Chi practitioners often feel refreshed is that through their practice, they can channel/regulate the flow of energy in their bodies, achieving harmony between body and mind. 43．这家藏于市井的木工坊，氛围质朴纯粹，爱好者可亲手创作，感受匠心之美。（where）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________ 【答案】This woodworking workshop hidden in the downtown, where the atmosphere is simple and pure, allows enthusiasts to create by hand and feel the beauty of craftsmanship. 【详解】本句陈述客观事实，时态用一般现在时；这家木工坊作主语，译为“This woodworking workshop”，“藏于市井的”作后置定语修饰主语，译为“hidden in the downtown”，整合为This woodworking workshop hidden in the downtown，其后带上逗号；“氛围质朴纯粹”可译为where引导的非限制性定语从句，即where the atmosphere is simple and pure，其后要带上逗号；翻译“爱好者可亲手创作，感受匠心之美”时，为了贴合英语表达方式，因为主语是单数名词，这里要添加谓语allows，即“这家木工坊允许爱好者亲自创作并感受匠心之美”，用allows sb. to do sth.进行表达；“爱好者”译为enthusiasts，“亲手创作”译为create by hand，翻译“感受匠心之美”时要添加and构成并列关系，即and feel the beauty of craftsmanship，该部分整合为allows enthusiasts to create by hand and feel the beauty of craftsmanship。 44．随着网络交流日益频繁，大量流行词汇从日常口语演变而来，并逐渐走红。(which) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 With online communication becoming increasingly frequent, a large number of buzzwords, which evolve from daily spoken language, have gradually gone viral. 【详解】“随着网络交流日益频繁”可使用with复合结构，即“with+名词+现在分词”，所以此处翻译为with online communication becoming increasingly frequent，在句中作状语；“大量流行词汇”可翻译为a large number of buzzwords，作主语；“从日常口语演变而来”可作为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词buzzwords，此处用关系代词which引导该从句，在句中作主语，“从……演变而来”可翻译为evolve from，为从句的谓语动词，此处陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，主语which指代复数的先行词，所以谓语动词用原形，“日常口语”可翻译为daily spoken language；“逐渐”用副词gradually作状语，修饰谓语动词，“走红”翻译为go viral，作主句的谓语。此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，所以用现在完成时态，主语buzzwords为复数，助动词用have。 45．年轻人喜欢逛完博物馆后选购特色文创产品，无论是自用还是送人都很合适。（which） （汉译英） 【答案】Young people love picking up unique cultural and creative products after visiting museums, which are great whether for personal use or as gifts. 【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和定语从句。“年轻人”是young people，“喜欢做某事”是love doing sth.，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语young people是复数，因此love用原形，“选购”是pick up，用动名词作宾语，“特色文创产品”是unique cultural and creative products，“逛完博物馆后”是after visiting museums，“无论是自用还是送人都很合适”用which引导定语从句，时态用一般现在时，“无论是……还是……”是whether...or...，“自用”是for personal use，“送人”是as gifts，定语从句翻译为“which are great whether for personal use or as gifts”，故整句话翻译为“Young people love picking up unique cultural and creative products after visiting museums, which are great whether for personal use or as gifts”。故答案为Young people love picking up unique cultural and creative products after visiting museums, which are great whether for personal use or as gifts. 46．这对新婚夫妻购置了一套价值一千万的别墅，这大大消耗了他们的积蓄。(drain) (汉译英) 【答案】The newlyweds/The newly-married couple purchased a villa (which is) worth 10 million yuan/a million yuan worth of villa, which has greatly drained their savings/which is a great drain on their savings. 【详解】考查短语和时态。主语表示“这对新婚夫妻”为the newlyweds或the newly-married couple；表示“购置”可用动词purchase，发生在过去用一般过去时；表示“一套价值一千万的别墅”可翻译为a villa (which is) worth 10 million yuan或者a million yuan worth of villa；后跟非限制性定语从句，修饰上文句子，故用which引导；表示“消耗”可用动词drain，由副词greatly修饰，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时；表示“积蓄”可用名词savings，由their修饰；“大大消耗了他们的积蓄”或翻译为be a great drain on their savings，陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为The newlyweds/The newly-married couple purchased a villa (which is) worth 10 million yuan/a million yuan worth of villa, which has greatly drained their savings/which is a great drain on their savings. 47．老人外出就餐，家门口是否有社区食堂? (where) （汉译英） 【答案】Is there a community cafeteria/canteen where the elderly can dine out near their homes? 【详解】考查句子结构和定语从句。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“是否有”应用is there，此处为一般疑问句；表示“社区食堂”应用a community cafeteria/canteen；表示“老人”应用the elderly；表示“能够”应用can；表示“外出就餐”应用dine out，位于情态动词can后面，使用动词原形；表示“家门口”应用near their homes；表示“老人外出就餐”可用where the elderly can dine out，where引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a community cafeteria/canteen，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。故翻译为：Is there a community cafeteria/canteen where the elderly can dine out near their homes? 48．在经过重新装修之后，这个曾经老旧的工厂摇身一变成了聚集各种时髦餐厅的“网红打卡点”。 (spot) (汉译英) 【答案】After the redecoration, the once old factory has been transformed/changed into an internet famous spot gathering various fancy restaurants /where various fancy restaurants gather.。 【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词。表示“在经过重新装修之后”可用after the redecoration；表示“这个曾经老旧的工厂”可翻译为the once old factory；表示“摇身一变成了”用be transformed/changed into，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时的被动语态；表示“聚集各种时髦餐厅的“网红打卡点””可翻译为现在分词短语作定语，为an internet famous spot gathering various fancy restaurants；或用定语从句修饰先行词spot，在从句作地点状语，故用where引导，翻译为an internet famous spot gathering where various fancy restaurants gather。故翻译为After the redecoration, the once old factory has been transformed/changed into an internet famous spot gathering various fancy restaurants/ where various fancy restaurants gather.。 49．此次云南之行，虽行程匆匆，却游历了诸多胜地，访了旧友也交了新知，共话教育新篇章。（whom）(汉译英) 【答案】My trip to Yunnan, though brief, allowed me to visit many scenic spots, reconnect with old friends, and make new acquaintances, with whom I discussed the new chapter of education. 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，根据提示词whom可知，本句应为主从复合句；主语“云南之行”可表达为my trip to Yunnan，“行程匆匆”可表达为though brief(为状语从句的省略，完整句子为though it was brief)，主句谓语“允许”用动词allow表达，“允许某人做某事”表达为allow sb. to do sth.，“游历了诸多胜地”表达为visit many scenic spots，“访了旧友”表达为reconnect with old friends，“交了新知”表达为make new acquaintances，visit，reconnect和make是并列成分，都为不定式作宾补，为避免重复，后面两个动词短语省略不定式符号to；“共话教育新篇章”处理为非限制性定语从句，从句主语是I，谓语“讨论”表达为discuss，“与某人讨论某事”表达为discuss sth. with sb.，先行词是new acquaintances，在从句中作介词with的宾语，为了表达清晰，可将介词with提到句首，用关系代词whom作引导词，“教育的新篇章”表达为the new chapter of education。综上，故翻译为My trip to Yunnan, though brief, allowed me to visit many scenic spots, reconnect with old friends, and make new acquaintances, with whom I discussed the new chapter of education. 50．那位致力于保护濒危动物的专家在退休后举办了许多公益讲座，其主题都是关于人与自然和谐共存的重要性。（whose）（汉译英） 【答案】After his retirement, the expert devoted/dedicated to the protection of endangered animals gave many public lectures, whose topics were all about the importance of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. 【详解】考查whose引导定语从句和时态。“退休后”表达为“After one’s retirement”作状语，这里“one’s”用“his”指代专家的；“致力于”可表达为“be devoted/dedicated to”，此处用非谓语形式devoted/dedicated to作后置定语修饰“the expert”；“保护濒危动物”表达为“the protection of endangered animals”；“举办讲座”表达为“give lectures”，结合语境用一般过去时gave；“公益讲座”表达为“public lectures”，在非限制性定语从句中作定语，关系代词为“whose”引导非限制性定语从句，“主题”表达为“topics”，“关于……的重要性”表达为“about the importance of …”，“人与自然和谐共存”表达为“harmonious coexistence between man and nature”。整个句子描述过去发生的事情，故译为After his retirement, the expert devoted/dedicated to the protection of endangered animals gave many public lectures, whose topics were all about the importance of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. 51．园艺使人们得以侍弄花草，通过与大自然的接触得到美的享受，能修身养性。(which) (汉译英) 【答案】Gardening allows people to serve the flowers and plants, through which you can contact and enjoy nature, improving your personality. 【详解】考查动名词做主语、现在分词作状语和非限制性定语从句。表本句为一般现在时，表示“园艺”用gardening，动名词做主语表示经常性行为，习惯性动作；表示“允许某人干某事”用短语allow sb. to do sth.，主语为“gardening”为第三人称，所以allow用单数；表示“侍弄花草”用serve the flowers；表示“接触大自然并得到美的享受”用contact and enjoy nature；表示“修身养性”用improve your personality,作为接触并享受大自然的自然结果，“improve...”做结果状语，因和句子主语“gardening”为主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式；“personality”做名词时，表示“性格”时为可数名词；做“气质，气度”讲时，为不可数名词，此处表示提升气质，所以为不可数名词；the            flowers and plants为先行词，作through的宾语，所以本句为through which引导的非限制性定语从句。故可翻译为：Gardening allows people to serve the flowers, through which you can contact and enjoy nature, improving your personality. 三、真题演练 2022年秋考 This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry specific materials Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use to enhance a firm. 27 which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处考查的是定语从句，their frustrations and negative experiences 在后面的从句中作宾语，属于事物，故填入which。句意:与消费者的对话也有助于识别他们的沮丧和负面体验，他们可能会利用这些来增强公司。 2022年春考 The light is called the aurora. Usually you can see it only at the very north of the earth,(23)_______it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. 23.where [解析]考查定语从句。根据后面的“or at the very south,where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights.”可知此处同样是一个定语从句，也是用关系副词where 作后面从句的地点状语。故填入 where。句意:通常，你只能在地球的最北边看到它，在那里它被称为北极光，或者在地球的最南边，它被称为南极光。 2021年秋考 Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 people had become seriously ill.. 28. which 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构分析，可知该空所在句子为非限制性定语，修饰上旬所述相关情况，再结合句意分析，此处主要强调的是相关的时间，又因为该空前有介词 by，故需要用 by which 代替 when 充当引导词，故此处填入 which。 2021年春考 Otherwise, you'll need to find a local studio(25)______ can be expensive. 25.which /that 【解析】.考查定语从句。这里which/that代替前面的先行词studio在从句中作主语。句意为：“否则，你需要找到一个当地的工作室，这可能是昂贵的。” 2020年秋考 This would be impossible (28)___without_____ clocks and watches, (29)________ are all around us: on walls, on our wrists, on our PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPod's. 29.which [解析]考查非限制性定语从句，横线之前说到了钟表和手表，横线之后说，“在我们周围的:在墙上和我们手腕上”，可知是对前一句话的补充解说，which引导的定语从句，修饰前一句话末尾的“clocks and watches”，which 充当主语的成分。 2020年春考 The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and the two brothers were tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) _________ (23) they were challenged to a ball game. 23. where 【解析】考查定语从句。空前为主句the two brothers were tricked into... Xibalba (the underworld)，空后为定语从句they were challenged to a ball game修饰地点名词Xibalba，所以此处用关系副词where 代替in Xibalba 在从句中作状语。 2019年秋考 Orissa is the home three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species (23)threatened (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, (24) __________ around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world’s largest nesting sites. 24.where [解析]考查限制性定语从句。根据句意:“奥里萨岛是奥利弗海龟的三个大规模筑巢地，这是一个濒临灭绝的物种，其中之一，盖赫马塔每年约有七千万到八千万只海龟在海滩上产卵，被认为是世界上最大的筑巢地之一。”由此句意和结构分析可知,此处缺少一个引导定语从句的关系词,又因为先行词为 Gahirmatha表示一个地点，故用关系副词 where，相当于 in which=in the place 2019年春考 So ambition and the timely realization (21) ________ he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. 21. that 【21题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他自己决定自己要做什么的雄心和及时觉悟督促他自己找到未来的方向。分析句子可知，he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own为限制性定语从句修饰先行词So ambition and the timely realization，从句缺乏have 的宾语，故用关系代词that或者which。 2018年秋考 Sometimes, the parents (28 )_________complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. 28.that/who [解析]考查定语从句。定语从句，that 充当从句中的主语。 2018年春考 The rooms (30) ______ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. 30. where 30.where[解析]考查定语从句。where 引导的句子主谓宾齐全，少了地点状语用 where 作不及物动词 live 的地点状语，where 相当于 in which。因此正确答案为 where。 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $