Unit 6 Project & Review 讲义 2026-2027学年英语仁爱科普版八年级上册

Unit 6 Earth and Beyond　Project & Review 课时基本信息 课　　题 Unit 6 Earth and Beyond — Project & Review 课　　型 项目与复习课（第七课时·45分钟） 年　　级 八年级上册 版　　本 仁爱科普版（2024）英语八年级上册 教学重难点 【教学重点】 制作行星事实卡（Making a fact file about a planet）并汇报——水星范例与木星海报（Distance about 778 million km/Temperature very cold strong storms/Size diameter 139,820 km much larger than Earth）,哥白尼听力六空（February/Italy/sky/travel/1543/right）+黑洞彗星语篇五空（most amazing/light/members/closer/hotter）+冥王星阅读五问；词汇 born/publish/prove/freeze/being 【教学难点】 灵活使用比较等级对行星信息进行对比表达,开展学习自评，梳理单元知识并反思不足 词汇速览 born /bɔːn/ v. 出生（be born in+国家/城市/大地点——He was born in Italy. 他出生在意大利；be born in+年份/月份——She was born in 2010.；be born on+具体日期——Copernicus was born on February 19th, 1473. 哥白尼生于 1473 年 2 月 19 日） publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ v. 出版；发行（书籍、著作）——Copernicus published his great book in 1543. 哥白尼在 1543 年出版了他伟大的著作；v.（文章、报告）发表，刊登（He published two articles about space. 他发表了两篇关于太空的文章） prove /pruːv/ v. 证明；证实；显示出；被发现是（prove sth 证明某事——He proved his idea.；prove (that)+宾语从句——Scientists are trying to prove that there is water on Mars.；prove (to be)+形容词/名词 事实证明——Mars proves (to be) a mysterious planet.；prove sth to sb 向某人证明某事——Can you prove your opinion to me?） freeze /friːz/ v.（使）冻结；结冰，冻住，凝固（freeze into... 冻结成为……——In outer space, some gases freeze into ice. 一些气体会冻结成冰；freeze up 冻住；冻僵——The water pipe may freeze up in cold winter. 水管在寒冬可能冻住；The spacecraft's parts froze up in the deep-space cold.） being /ˈbiːɪŋ/ n. 生物；存在、生命（human being 单数人／human beings 人类复数——Without fresh air, human beings cannot live on Mars.；living beings 生物——All living beings need water to stay alive.；come into being 形成；诞生；产生——When did the solar system come into being? 太阳系是什么时候形成的？） （一）导入 · 行星大盘点 【过渡语】U6 全部学完——收官课把八颗行星做成「事实卡档案库」。 Free talk 两问：Can you name some planets we have learned?（能说出学过的行星吗）What information do we know about these planets?（知道它们的什么信息） 学生盘点八大行星与 Size/Distance/Temperature 三维，引出 Project——Making a fact file about a planet。 【提示框】 fact file（事实卡）=行星的「身份证」——本课学写这张卡。 （二）Project · 水星事实卡范例 【过渡语】先看范例——水星事实卡的「三要素」。 Pair work. Read the fact file of Mercury and introduce it to your partner.（水星事实卡三要素：与太阳的距离／尺寸／温度） 水星事实卡：与太阳的距离（the closest planet to the Sun）／尺寸（the smallest planet）／温度（much hotter than Earth——白天极热） 【知识点】 ▶事实卡三要素：Distance from the Sun（与太阳的距离）+Size（尺寸）+Temperature（温度）——与 U6s2 行星档案三维一脉相承。 （三）Project · 木星海报与汇报 【过渡语】水星卡会读了——木星事实卡是本课汇报示例。 Share your fact file in class. Put your fact files together to make a class fact file about the universe.（全班事实卡汇总成宇宙档案） 示例《Fact File of Jupiter》：Distance from the Sun——about 778 million kilometers away from the Sun（距日约 7.78 亿公里）；Temperature——very cold on the surface; it has strong storms all year round（表面极冷，全年强风暴）；Size——a diameter of around 139,820 kilometers—much larger than Earth（直径约 139,820 公里——比地球大得多） 【知识点】 ▶木星事实卡三要素齐备：Distance（778 million km）+Temperature（cold+strong storms）+Size（139,820 km much larger than Earth）——much larger than Earth 的 much 修饰回扣 U6s4。 【提示框】 strong storms all year round（全年强风暴）——木星大红斑就是超强风暴；139,820 km 与 U5s2 的 140,000 km（U6s2）数据呼应。 木星事实卡页 （四）Review 一 · 哥白尼六空 【过渡语】项目做完上复习——太阳系「日心说」之父：哥白尼。 Listen and fill 六空：Nicolaus Copernicus——He was born in Poland on February 19th, 1473.（1473 年 2 月 19 日生于波兰——February）He studied in Poland and later in Italy.（先波兰后意大利——Italy）Copernicus liked to watch the sky.（喜欢观天——sky） His ideas：The earth and other planets travel around the sun.（地球和其他行星绕太阳转——travel）The earth is not the center of the universe.（地球不是宇宙中心）In 1543, Copernicus published a book.（1543 年出版著作）About sixty years later, scientists proved his ideas right.（约 60 年后科学家证明其观点正确——right） 六空：February／Italy／sky／travel／1543／right 【知识点】 ▶哥白尼日心说：The earth is not the center of the universe.（地球不是宇宙中心）——颠覆地心说的历史意义；proved his ideas right（prove+宾语+adj 证明其观点正确）。 【提示框】 be born on February 19th, 1473（on+具体日期）；publish 出版；prove his ideas right（prove+宾语+adj 复合结构）。 （五）Review 二 · 黑洞与彗星五空 语篇：A black hole is at the center of the Milky Way.（黑洞位于银河系中心）It is one of the strangest and most amazing things in the universe.（宇宙中最奇特最惊人——most amazing 双音节最高级）Nothing around a black hole can run away, not even light.（连光都无法逃逸） Comets are members of the solar system.（彗星是太阳系成员）They look like snowballs traveling around the sun.（像绕日雪球——traveling 现在分词作后置定语）When comets are getting closer to the sun, they will become much hotter and leave pieces of ice and rocks behind them. It is called a comet's tail.（接近太阳变热留下冰岩碎片——彗尾） 五空：most amazing／light／members／closer／hotter 【知识点】 ▶黑洞与彗星两天文奇观：黑洞「连光都无法逃逸」（not even light）+彗星「接近太阳变热留彗尾」（closer→hotter 因果链）——most amazing（more+双音节最高级）与 much hotter（much 修饰比较级）语法复现。 【提示框】 run away（逃走）；not even light（连光都不行）——黑洞引力的最强科普表达；a comet's tail（彗尾）。 （六）Review 三 · 三行星数据造句 数据表（教学数据照录）：Mercury——Average temperature: higher／Size: large／Distance: far；Venus——the highest／larger／farther；Earth——high／the largest／the farthest 例句九句：The average temperature on Earth is high. The average temperature on Mercury is higher than that on Earth.（that on Earth——that 替代 temperature）The average temperature on Venus is the highest of the three planets. The size of Mercury is large. The size of Venus is larger than that of Mercury. The size of Earth is the largest of the three planets. Mercury is far from the Sun. Venus is farther from the Sun than Mercury. Earth is the farthest from the Sun of the three planets. 【知识点】 ▶三级递进造句法：原级（is high/large/far）→比较级+than（higher/larger/farther than...）→最高级+of（the highest/largest/farthest of the three planets）——that on Earth 的 that 替代是高级考点。 【提示框】 原题数据为教学虚拟数据照录（Mercury 实际温度并不高，此处按原素材表格练习比较级最高级形式）。 （七）Review 四 · 冥王星五问 【过渡语】三级练完读彩蛋——被「降级」的冥王星，五问答疑。 语篇：Pluto is a special planet. It travels around the Sun. It takes Pluto about 248 Earth years to go around the Sun.（绕日一圈约 248 地球年）Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto in 1930.（1930 年 Clyde Tombaugh 发现冥王星）Pluto is about 40 times farther from the Sun than Earth.（距日约为地球的 40 倍远）It has five small satellites (moons).（五颗小卫星）To have a better look at the planet and its satellites, scientists sent a spaceship to fly close to it. The spaceship took many pictures.（为更好观测发送飞船近距离拍摄）There is no air on the planet. It is so cold on the planet that air would freeze into something like snow.（冷到空气冻结成雪状——so...that...）Without air, human beings can't live on the planet.（无空气人类无法生存） 五问：1. How long does it take Pluto to go around the Sun?—About 248 Earth years. 2. Who discovered Pluto?—Clyde Tombaugh. 3. How many satellites (moons) move around Pluto?—Five/5. 4. Why did scientists send a spaceship to fly close to Pluto?—To have a better look at the planet and its satellites. 5. Can people live on Pluto? Why or why not?—No, because there is no air on the planet. 【知识点】 ▶冥王星科普五问：248 地球年绕日一圈／1930 年发现／五颗卫星／发射飞船近距离观测／无空气不可居——40 times farther（倍数+比较级）与 so...that...（如此……以至于）双语法点。 【提示框】 40 times farther（远 40 倍）——倍数+比较级固定结构；It is so cold that air would freeze into something like snow.（so...that... 如此……以至于——空气都冻成雪状）；human beings（人类——being 词汇）。 （八）词汇精讲 · 五词五搭配 ①born v. 出生：be born in+国家/城市/年份月份（He was born in Italy.／She was born in 2010.）；be born on+具体日期（Copernicus was born on February 19th, 1473.）。②publish v. 出版；发表：Copernicus published his great book in 1543.／He published two articles about space. ③prove v. 证明：prove sth（He proved his idea.）；prove (that)+从句（Scientists are trying to prove that there is water on Mars.）；prove (to be)+形容词/名词（Mars proves (to be) a mysterious planet.）；prove sth to sb（Can you prove your opinion to me?）。④freeze v. 冻结：freeze into...（some gases freeze into ice.）；freeze up 冻住（The water pipe may freeze up in cold winter.） ⑤being n. 生物；存在：human being 单数/human beings 人类复数（Without fresh air, human beings cannot live on Mars.）；living beings 生物；come into being 形成；诞生（When did the solar system come into being?） 【知识点】 ▶五词五考点：be born in（大地点/年月）vs on（具体日期）；publish 出版/发表；prove that 从句/prove (to be)+形容词/prove sth to sb；freeze into 冻结成/freeze up 冻住；human being 单数 vs human beings 复数/come into being 形成——单选三题全落在这五点。 【提示框】 单选第 1 题 My grandma was born in a village in 1965.（be born 过去时 was born）；第 3 题 Human beings need clean water.（human beings 复数——A human being 单数不对，Human being 缺 s 不对）。 （九）随堂检测 限时独立完成随堂检测（本课词汇与复习要点），完成后同桌互批，逐题核对订正。 一、1. B　2. C　3. B　二、4. was born on　5. freeze into　6. came into being 一、单项选择 1. My grandma ______ in a village in 1965. A. is born　B. was born　C. bore　D. born 2. Among all these planets, which one is ______ from the Sun? A. far　B. farther　C. the farthest　D. farthest 3. ______ need clean water and fresh air to keep alive. A. Human being　B. Human beings　C. A human being　D. Human 二、根据中文句意补全句子 4. 这位研究者出生于 5 月 12 日。 The researcher _______ _______ _______ May 12th. 5. 在极低温下，气体会冻结成微小的冰块。 At a very low temperature, gas can ________ ________ tiny ice blocks. 6. 太阳系的形成已经有几十亿年。 The solar system _______ _______ _______ billions of years ago. （十）小结与作业 Summary 两条：①Project——事实卡三要素（Distance/Size/Temperature）+木星海报汇报（778 million km/strong storms/much larger than Earth）；②Review——哥白尼六空（日心说）+黑洞彗星五空+三行星数据造句（that 替代）+冥王星五问（40 times farther/so...that...）；词汇五词（born/publish/prove/freeze/being）。 Homework 分层——Need to do：Finish the exercises about this lesson.（完成本课练习）Complete a short planet fact file for one planet you like.（完成喜欢的行星事实卡）Choose to do：Search for one fun fact about the solar system and share it next class.（搜太阳系趣事分享） 【提示框】 思维导图三分支收全 U6：词汇（天体/-ness/三级）｜句型（科普对话/行星档案/因果链）｜语法（比较级最高级/过去进行时）——八上全册收官。 语言点归纳 课堂总结 本课为单元项目与复习课（第七课时）。Warming up——Free talk 两问：Can you name some planets we have learned?（能说出学过的行星吗）What information do we know about these planets?（知道这些行星的什么信息）。Project——Making a fact file about a planet（制作行星事实卡）：Pair work 读水星事实卡并介绍给同伴（与太阳的距离/尺寸/温度三要素）；Group work：Design a fact file for another planet in the solar system.（为太阳系另一颗行星设计事实卡）；汇报示例《Fact File of Jupiter》：Distance from the Sun——about 778 million kilometers away from the Sun（距日约 7.78 亿公里）Temperature——very cold on the surface; it has strong storms all year round（表面极冷，全年有强风暴）Size——a diameter of around 139,820 kilometers—much larger than Earth（直径约 139,820 公里——比地球大得多）。Share your fact file in class. Put your fact files together to make a class fact file about the universe.（全班事实卡汇总成宇宙档案）。Review 四项：①听力哥白尼六空：Nicolaus Copernicus——He was born in Poland on February 19th, 1473.（1473 年 2 月 19 日生于波兰）He studied in Poland and later in Italy.（先在波兰后去意大利求学）Copernicus liked to watch the sky.（喜欢观天）；His ideas——The earth and other planets travel around the sun.（地球和其他行星绕太阳转——日心说）The earth is not the center of the universe.（地球不是宇宙中心）In 1543, Copernicus published a book. About sixty years later, scientists proved his ideas right.（1543 年出版著作；约 60 年后科学家证明其观点正确）——六空：February/Italy/sky/travel/1543/right。②语篇填空五空（黑洞与彗星）：A black hole is at the center of the Milky Way. It is one of the strangest and most amazing things in the universe.（黑洞是银河系中心；宇宙中最奇特最惊人的事物之一——most amazing 双音节最高级）Nothing around a black hole can run away, not even light.（连光都无法逃逸）Comets are members of the solar system.（彗星是太阳系成员）They look like snowballs traveling around the sun.（像绕日雪球）When comets are getting closer to the sun, they will become much hotter and leave pieces of ice and rocks behind them. It is called a comet's tail.（接近太阳时变热，留下冰岩碎片——彗尾）——五空：most amazing/light/members/closer/hotter。③Group work 行星数据表造句（Mercury/Venus/Earth 三星）：Average temperature——high→higher→the highest；Size——large→larger→the largest；Distance——far→farther→the farthest。例句九句：The average temperature on Earth is high. The average temperature on Mercury is higher than that on Earth. The average temperature on Venus is the highest of the three planets.（注意 that on Earth 代词替代）The size of Mercury is large. The size of Venus is larger than that of Mercury. The size of Earth is the largest of the three planets. Mercury is far from the Sun. Venus is farther from the Sun than Mercury. Earth is the farthest from the Sun of the three planets.（原题数据为教学虚拟数据照录）。④冥王星阅读五问：语篇——Pluto is a special planet. It travels around the Sun. It takes Pluto about 248 Earth years to go around the Sun.（绕日一圈约 248 地球年）Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto in 1930.（1930 年 Clyde Tombaugh 发现冥王星）Pluto is about 40 times farther from the Sun than Earth.（距日约为地球的 40 倍远）It has five small satellites (moons).（五颗小卫星）To have a better look at the planet and its satellites, scientists sent a spaceship to fly close to it. The spaceship took many pictures.（为更好观测发送飞船近距离拍摄）There is no air on the planet. It is so cold on the planet that air would freeze into something like snow.（冷到空气冻结成雪状）Without air, human beings can't live on the planet.（无空气人类无法生存）。五问：1. How long does it take Pluto to go around the Sun?—About 248 Earth years. 2. Who discovered Pluto?—Clyde Tombaugh. 3. How many satellites (moons) move around Pluto?—Five/5. 4. Why did scientists send a spaceship to fly close to Pluto?—To have a better look at the planet and its satellites. 5. Can people live on Pluto? Why or why not?—No, because there is no air on the planet.。词汇精讲五个：born（be born in+大地点/年份月份/be born on+具体日期）；publish（出版/发表）；prove（prove sth/prove that 从句/prove (to be)+形容词/prove sth to sb）；freeze（freeze into 冻结成/freeze up 冻住）；being（human being(s)/living beings/come into being 形成）。随堂检测：单项选择三题（was born in 1965 过去时/the farthest from the Sun 最高级/Human beings 复数）+根据中文句意补全句子三题（was born on February 12th/freeze into tiny ice blocks/came into being billions of years ago）。Homework 分层：Need to do——Finish the exercises about this lesson.（完成本课练习）Complete a short planet fact file for one planet you like.（为你喜欢的行星完成简短事实卡）Choose to do——Search for one fun fact about the solar system and share it next class.（搜太阳系趣事下节课分享）。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $