Unit 6 Function & Pronunciation 讲义 2026-2027学年英语仁爱科普版八年级上册

Unit 6 Earth and Beyond　Function & Pronunciation 课时基本信息 课　　题 Unit 6 Earth and Beyond — Function & Pronunciation 课　　型 功能与语音课（第五课时·45分钟） 年　　级 八年级上册 版　　本 仁爱科普版（2024）英语八年级上册 教学重难点 【教学重点】 听懂观星主题对话（Big Dipper 北斗七星勺形/Follow the two stars on the right 找北极星），完成 Summary 五空（are watching/brighter/white/red/appear）,掌握单词重音（'Sun/'Earth 单音节/'planet/'satellite 双音节首音节）与句子停顿（意群间 / 标注）朗读规则；词汇 spoon/appear/daytime/telescope 【教学难点】 结合自身经历自主创编观星主题简短对话,将重音、停顿等语音规则运用到口语实际表达中（重音标点 ˈ 与停顿 / 在语段中的综合运用） 词汇速览 spoon /spuːn/ n. 勺子；匙（The Big Dipper looks like a spoon. 北斗七星形状像一把勺子；a spoon of... 一勺……——She puts a spoon of sugar in her milk.）；v. 用勺舀（spoon sth into/onto sth——She spooned the soup into the bowl.） appear /əˈpɪə(r)/ v. 出现；显现；露面；似乎（appear+(to be)+形容词/名词 看来……（外在印象，不一定是事实）——The star appears (to be) bright.；appear to do sth 似乎做某事——He appears to know the answer.；It appears that... 看来……——It appears that it will rain tonight.） daytime /ˈdeɪtaɪm/ n. 白天；日间（in the daytime 在白天，同义 in the day、during the daytime——Stars are hard to see in the daytime. 星星在白天很难看见）；辨析 day：daytime 侧重白昼这段时间（必须加 the）；day 表天/一日（one day 某天/all day 一整天） telescope /ˈtelɪskəʊp/ n. 望远镜（tele- 远距离+scope 观察仪器→telescope；同前缀 tele-：telephone/television——This telescope helps us watch the Moon clearly.）；through the telescope 通过望远镜（Lingling wants to see colourful stars through the telescope.） （一）导入 · 星星两问 【过渡语】上节课认识了太阳系——今晚我们「抬头观星」。 Free talk 两问：What do you know about stars?（关于星星你知道什么）Do you know any special groups of stars in the sky?（知道天空中的特殊星群吗） 学生自由作答，引出北斗七星与北极星。 【提示框】 special groups of stars（特殊星群）——北斗七星就是最著名的星群。 （二）看图两问 · 观星场景 【过渡语】Kangkang 一伙人晚上在公园干什么？ Talk about the picture：1. Where are Kangkang and his friends?—They are on the grass in the park.（公园草地上）2. What are they doing?—They are watching stars.（正在观星——现在进行时） 【提示框】 on the grass（在草地上）——on 接草地面；watch stars 观星（现在进行时 are watching）。 （三）听力 · 北斗七星找北极星 【过渡语】听力核心问题：怎么在夜空中找到北极星？ Listen and answer：What do you know about the Big Dipper and the North Star?—We can find the North Star with the help of the Big Dipper. The Big Dipper looks like a spoon. Follow the two stars on the right of the Big Dipper, and we can find the North Star.（借助北斗七星找北极星；北斗像勺子；顺着右边两颗星即找到北极星） 【知识点】 ▶找北极星「导航法」：先找北斗七星（勺形）→顺勺口右边两颗星连线延长→北极星——天文实用常识。 【提示框】 with the help of...（在……帮助下/借助……）——固定短语；the Big Dipper 北斗七星（美式说法，英式 the Plough）。 （四）听力 · 观星对话与 Summary 五空 对话全文：Kangkang: Guys, come and watch the stars! They look so clear.（星星如此清晰）Meimei: Wow, there are so many stars! And some of them shine brighter than others.（有些更亮）Xiao Ya: Look at the brightest ones. Are they the Big Dipper and the North Star? Kangkang: Yes, they are. The Big Dipper looks like a spoon. Follow the two stars on the right, and you can find the North Star. Lingling: Many stars are far, far away. Let me see more through the telescope.（通过望远镜看更多）Meimei: What can you see, Lingling? Lingling: Some stars are white, some are blue and some are yellow...（白蓝黄多色）Xiao Ya: Let me have a look... I see red stars. How amazing!（红色星星）Meimei: One star never appears at night. Do you know what it is?（有一颗星夜晚从不出现）Kangkang: Ha! I know. It's the sun. It's our daytime star.（太阳——我们的白昼之星） Summary 五空：are watching／brighter／white／red／appear——五空覆盖「动作/比较/颜色×2/出现」。 【知识点】 ▶Summary 五空回原文：are watching（正在观星——现在进行时）／brighter（some shine brighter than others 比较级）／white, red（星星颜色列举）／appear（the sun doesn't appear at night——never appear 双重否定表「白天才出现」）。 【提示框】 It's our daytime star.（它是我们的白昼之星）——太阳的白昼身份妙喻；never appears at night 与 appears in the daytime 呼应 daytime 词汇。 观星对话与 Summary 页 （五）创编对话 · 我的观星经历 Pair work：Share your stargazing experiences and make up a new conversation with your partner.（分享观星经历编新对话） 创编支架：Where did you watch stars?（在哪观星）→What did you see?（看到什么）→What colors were the stars?（星星颜色）→Any special stars?（特殊星群）——四问成对话，一般过去时回顾经历。 【知识点】 ▶观星对话四问：地点/所见/颜色/特殊星——沿用 Kangkang 对话的信息结构，换主语换场景。 （六）语音一 · 单词重音 Word-stress 【过渡语】对话练熟练语音——天体词的重音怎么标？ 单音节天体词：'Sun／'Earth／'stars／'Mars（重音即整个词——太阳/地球/星星/火星） 双音节天体词：'planet／'satellite／'Neptune／'Mercury（重音都在首音节——行星/卫星/海王星/水星） 【知识点】 ▶天体词重音规律：单音节词重音即词本身；双音节天体词重音多在首音节（ˈplanet/ˈsatellite/ˈNeptune/ˈMercury）——与 U5s5 的 ˈ 标记法一致。 单词重音页 （七）语音二 · 句子停顿 Pause 停顿句五句（/ 为停顿处）：1. Most parts of the earth look blue / because of the oceans.（因为海洋地球大部分呈蓝色）2. "It is a little bigger / than the earth," / they guessed.（比地球稍大——他们猜）3. Mercury is the nearest planet / to the Sun / and Neptune is the farthest.（水星最近海王星最远） 4. We can watch TV / and make phone calls / with the help / of the satellites.（借助卫星看电视打电话）5. Earth is closer / to the Sun / than Mars, / but farther from the Sun / than Venus.（Earth 比 Mars 离日近、比 Venus 离日远） 停顿位置规律：介词短语前（to the Sun）、连词前（and/but）、从句边界、插入语前后——意群边界即停顿处。 【知识点】 ▶停顿四类位置：介词短语前/连词前/从句边界/插入语前后——第 5 句连珠炮对比（closer...than Mars, but farther...than Venus）一句五停。 【提示框】 第 5 句 Earth vs Mars vs Venus 三星距离链——closer than Mars but farther than Venus（比火星近比金星远）是 U6s2 行星档案的口语版。 （八）语段综合 · 重音停顿双标注 Read the short text aloud（重音 ˈ+停顿 / 双标注）：Do you know / 'anything / about 'space? / We 'all 'live on a 'planet, / and the planet is 'Earth. / When you 'look up at the 'sky / at 'night, / you can 'see / many 'other planets and stars. / The 'Sun is a 'star, / too. / There are 'eight planets / 'going around it. / Do you know 'them?（你知道太空的事吗？我们都住在一颗行星上——地球。夜晚抬头看天，能看到许多其他行星和恒星。太阳也是恒星，八大行星绕它转。你认识它们吗？） 【知识点】 ▶双标注综合：ˈ 标重读（anything/space/planet/Earth/Sun/eight）+/ 标停顿（意群边界）——重音与停顿在语段中合流，朗读即「有节奏的科普」。 【提示框】 语段最后的 Do you know 'them? 承上启下——引出下文八大行星，与 U6s2 阅读衔接。 语段双标注页 （九）词汇精讲 · 四词四搭配 【过渡语】语音收官回词汇——四个词四组搭配。 ①spoon n./v. 勺子；舀：The Big Dipper looks like a spoon.／a spoon of... 一勺（She puts a spoon of sugar in her milk.）；v. spoon sth into... 舀到（She spooned the soup into the bowl.）。②appear v. 出现；似乎：appear+(to be)+adj/n（The star appears (to be) bright.）；appear to do sth（He appears to know the answer.）；It appears that...（It appears that it will rain tonight.） ③daytime n. 白天：in the daytime（必须加 the——Stars are hard to see in the daytime.）；辨析 day：daytime 侧重白昼时段，day 表天/一日（one day/all day）。④telescope n. 望远镜：tele-（远）+scope（观察仪器）；同前缀 telephone/television；through the telescope 通过望远镜（see colourful stars through the telescope.） 【知识点】 ▶四词四考点：a spoon of 量词/spoon sth into 舀；appear 三句式（+(to be)+adj/appear to do/It appears that）；in the daytime 必须加 the（on the daytime ✗）；tele- 前缀同族（telephone/television/telescope）——单选三题全落在这四点。 【提示框】 单选第 2 题 We cannot see most faint stars in the daytime.（白天固定 in the daytime——B 对，on night/on the daytime 均错）；第 3 题 It appears that this tool is very helpful.（It appears that+从句，主语三单 appears）。 （十）随堂检测 限时独立完成随堂检测（本课词汇），完成后同桌互批，逐题核对订正。 一、1. B　2. B　3. B　二、4. telescope　5. spoon　6. appear　7. daytime 一、单项选择 1. You can watch the craters on the moon ______ this telescope. A. in　B. through　C. for　D. at 2. We cannot see most faint stars ______. A. at night　B. in the daytime　C. on night　D. on the daytime 3. It ______ that this tool is very helpful for stargazing. A. appear　B. appears　C. appearing　D. is appeared 二、根据括号内容填空 4. Scientists use a powerful ___________ (望远镜) to study outer-space. 5. Give me another __________ (勺子), please. This one is dirty. 6. When rain stops, a rainbow may ___________ (出现) in the sky. 7. Most butterflies fly around flowers in the ___________ (白天). （十一）小结与作业 Summary 两条：①功能——北斗七星找北极星「导航法」（勺形+顺右两星）+观星对话（颜色多样/太阳是白昼之星）+Summary 五空；②语音——单词重音（ˈ 单音节即词/双音节首音节）+句子停顿（介词短语前/连词前/插入语前后）+语段双标注；词汇 spoon/appear/daytime/telescope。 Homework 分层——Need to do：Finish the exercises about this lesson.（完成练习）Write a short passage (6-8 sentences) about your ideal stargazing night.（写理想观星夜）Choose to do：Make a short two-person dialogue about stargazing with your partner and practice reading it.（编观星对话练习朗读） 【提示框】 短文自查：观星地点/所见/颜色/特殊星群四要素齐全吗？朗读时重音停顿处理了吗？ 语言点归纳 课堂总结 本课为单元功能与语音课（第五课时）。Warming up——Free talk 两问：What do you know about stars?（关于星星你知道什么）Do you know any special groups of stars in the sky?（知道天空中的特殊星群吗）。看图两问：Where are Kangkang and his friends?—They are on the grass in the park.（公园草地上）What are they doing?—They are watching stars.（观星）。听力对话（观星）：Kangkang: Guys, come and watch the stars! They look so clear. Meimei: Wow, there are so many stars! And some of them shine brighter than others.（有些比其他亮）Xiao Ya: Look at the brightest ones. Are they the Big Dipper and the North Star?（北斗七星与北极星）Kangkang: Yes, they are. The Big Dipper looks like a spoon. Follow the two stars on the right, and you can find the North Star.（北斗七星像勺子；顺着右边两颗星就能找到北极星）Lingling: Many stars are far, far away. Let me see more through the telescope.（通过望远镜看更多）Meimei: What can you see, Lingling? Lingling: Some stars are white, some are blue and some are yellow...（星星有白蓝黄多色）Xiao Ya: Let me have a look... I see red stars. How amazing!（还看到红色星星）Meimei: One star never appears at night. Do you know what it is?（有一颗星夜晚从不出现）Kangkang: Ha! I know. It's the sun. It's our daytime star.（太阳——我们的白昼之星）。Summary 五空：Kangkang and his friends are watching the stars. They can see many stars and learn a lot about them. The Big Dipper and the North Star are brighter than other stars. Stars can have many different colors, such as white, blue, yellow and red. The sun doesn't appear at night.（五空：are watching/brighter/white/red/appear）。Pair work 创编：Share your stargazing experiences and make up a new conversation with your partner.（分享观星经历编新对话）。语音——重音与停顿三环节：①单词重音（Word-stress）：单音节天体词 'Sun／'Earth／'stars／'Mars（重音即词本身）；双音节天体词 'planet／'satellite／'Neptune／'Mercury（重音在首音节）；②句子停顿（Pause）：1. Most parts of the earth look blue / because of the oceans.（因为海洋地球大部分呈蓝色）2. "It is a little bigger / than the earth," / they guessed. 3. Mercury is the nearest planet / to the Sun / and Neptune is the farthest.（水星最近海王星最远）4. We can watch TV / and make phone calls / with the help / of the satellites.（借助卫星看电视打电话）5. Earth is closer / to the Sun / than Mars, / but farther from the Sun / than Venus.（Earth 比 Mars 离日近、比 Venus 离日远）；③语段综合：Do you know / 'anything / about 'space? / We 'all 'live on a 'planet, / and the planet is 'Earth. / When you 'look up at the 'sky / at 'night, / you can 'see / many 'other planets and stars. / The 'Sun is a 'star, / too. / There are 'eight planets / 'going around it. / Do you know 'them?（重音 ˈ+停顿 / 综合标注的语段）。词汇精讲四个：spoon（n 勺子/a spoon of 一勺/v. spoon sth into 舀）；appear（appear+(to be)+adj/appear to do/It appears that——三句式「似乎」）；daytime（in the daytime 必须 the/daytime vs day 辨析）；telescope（tele- 前缀同族 telephone/television/through the telescope）。随堂检测：单项选择三题（through this telescope 通过望远镜/in the daytime 白天不可 on/It appears that... 三单 appears）+根据括号内容填空四题（telescope 望远镜/spoon 勺子/appear 出现/daytime 白天）。Homework 分层：Need to do——Finish the exercises about this lesson.（完成本课练习）Write a short passage (6-8 sentences) about your ideal stargazing night.（写理想观星夜 6-8 句）Choose to do——Make a short two-person dialogue about stargazing with your partner and practice reading it.（编观星双人对话练习朗读）。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $