Unit 6 Theme Reading 讲义 2026-2027学年英语仁爱科普版八年级上册

Unit 6 Earth and Beyond　Theme Reading 课时基本信息 课　　题 Unit 6 Earth and Beyond — Theme Reading（The solar system 太阳系八大行星） 课　　型 阅读课（第二课时·45分钟） 年　　级 八年级上册 版　　本 仁爱科普版（2024）英语八年级上册 教学重难点 【教学重点】 读懂太阳系语篇，获取八大行星的大小、距离、温度等细节（Earth 直径约 13,000 km/Jupiter 最大约 140,000 km/Mercury 最近 58 million km/Neptune 最远 4.5 billion km 零下 200℃）,掌握归纳策略（概括段落主旨与全文大意：planets/different from/size and temperature）与词汇 similar/distance/minus/survive/alive 【教学难点】 在语境中辨析、表达事物的相同与不同之处（Mars is more similar to Earth in size and temperature）,脱离提示支架，自主复述与概括阅读文本 词汇速览 similar /ˈsɪmələ(r)/ adj. 相似的；类似的（be similar to... 与……相似——My new model spaceship is similar to yours.；be similar to...in... 在某方面相似——Mars is similar to Earth in size. 火星在大小方面和地球相似） distance /ˈdɪstəns/ n. 距离；间距；远方（at a distance of... 距离为……——The moon is at a distance of 380,000 kilometers from the Earth.；in the distance 在远处——We can see a star in the distance.；keep a distance from... 与……保持距离） minus /ˈmaɪnəs/ prep. ①零下（minus+数字+℃ 零下……摄氏度——It is minus 12℃ on Mars at night. 火星夜间零下 12 摄氏度）；②（数学中）减（Eight minus three is five.）；adj. 负的（We use a minus number to show temperatures below zero.） survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 生存，存活，幸存（survive on+地点 在……生存——No living things can survive on Neptune. 没有生物能在海王星存活；survive in+环境 在……环境下生存——Some small animals can survive in very dry deserts.；survive+灾难/事故 从……中幸存——Luckily, he survived the big car accident.） alive /əˈlaɪv/ adj. 活着的；在世的；有活力的（keep sb/sth alive 使……存活——Air and water keep all living things alive.；be alive with... 充满……——The earth is alive with different kinds of lives. 地球充满各种生命；come alive 苏醒；生机勃勃——The whole forest comes alive in spring.） （一）导入 · space 联想 【过渡语】上节课认了八大天体——这课把整个太阳系「装进」一篇科普文。 Free talk：When you hear the word "space", what comes into your mind?（听到 space 你想到什么） 学生自由联想（星星/火箭/外星人……），引出太阳系主题。 【提示框】 come into your mind（浮现在脑海）——表达联想的固定说法。 （二）看图四问 · 行星快答 【过渡语】四道行星快答题——先猜后读验证。 1. Which planet do we live on?—Earth.（我们住在这颗）2. Which planet is the largest?—Jupiter.（最大——木星）3. Which planet do you think might have life?—Mars.（可能有生命——火星）4. Which planet is the closest to the Sun?—Mercury.（距日最近——水星） 【知识点】 ▶八大行星英语名：Mercury 水星／Venus 金星／Earth 地球／Mars 火星／Jupiter 木星／Saturn 土星／Uranus 天王星／Neptune 海王星——由近及远顺序记。 【提示框】 四问答案全是专有名词大写（Earth/Jupiter/Mars/Mercury）——天体专名大写规则复现（U6s1）。 （三）首读 · 太阳也是恒星 【过渡语】正文第一段颠覆认知——太阳其实也是恒星。 Para. 1：When you look up at the sky at night, you can see many stars. But do you know the Sun is a star too? Yes, it is the only one in the solar system. As a star, the Sun has eight planets around it, and Earth is one of them.（太阳也是恒星，太阳系唯一；八大行星绕日，Earth 是其一） 【知识点】 ▶But 转折颠覆常识：夜晚看到的 stars 里，其实有一颗「白天也能看到」——the Sun is a star too。 【提示框】 look up at the sky（抬头看天空）——look up at 固定搭配；As a star（作为一颗恒星）as 介词短语开头。 （四）细读一 · 八行星大小 Para. 2：Among the eight planets, Earth is a middle-sized one, with a diameter of around 13,000 kilometers.（Earth 中等大小，直径约 1.3 万公里）Three of the planets are smaller than Earth. They are Mercury, Venus and Mars.（三颗更小：水星金星火星）The other four planets are larger. They are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.（四颗更大：木星土星天王星海王星）In the solar system, Jupiter is the largest planet, with a diameter of about 140,000 kilometers.（Jupiter 最大直径约 14 万公里） 【知识点】 ▶大小三分法：Earth 中等（middle-sized）／三小（Mercury/Venus/Mars）／四大（Jupiter/Saturn/Uranus/Neptune）——with a diameter of（直径为……）量度表达。 （五）细读二 · 距离与温度 Para. 3：Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, at a distance of about 58 million kilometers, while Neptune is the farthest, at a distance of about 4.5 billion kilometers.（水星最近 5800 万公里；Neptune 最远 45 亿公里——while 对比）As for Earth, it is the third closest, closer than Mars but farther away than Venus and Mercury.（Earth 第三近） Mercury and Venus are much hotter than Earth, while Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune are much colder. For example, the temperature on Neptune is around minus 200℃. No living things can survive on these planets.（水金更热；木天海更冷；Neptune 约 -200℃ 无生物存活）As our home, Earth is alive with life because it is neither too hot nor too cold.（Earth 不冷不热充满生命）Mars is more similar to Earth in size and temperature. And there's also ice there! So scientists are looking for life on Mars.（Mars 大小温度似 Earth 且有冰——科学家找火星生命） ▶while 对比双联：Mercury...closest...while Neptune...farthest（最近 vs 最远）；hotter...while...colder（更热 vs 更冷）——while 表对比是科普文高频连接词。 （六）结论与 Summary · 全文大意 Para. 4：Besides the eight planets, there are many other smaller ones. Together, they make up the amazing solar system.（八行星+其他小天体组成太阳系——make up 组成） Summary 三空：The text mainly talks about planets in the solar system. In the text, we can find most of the planets are very different from Earth, while Mars may be similar to Earth in size and temperature.（主旨：太阳系行星；多数行星与 Earth 不同；Mars 在大小温度上相似） 段落主旨四空：Para. 1: The solar system: the Sun and its planets.／Para. 2: The sizes of the eight planets.／Para. 3: Distances from the Sun and temperatures of the eight planets; there is life on Earth and scientists are looking for life on Mars.／Para. 4: The Sun and all the planets make up the amazing solar system. 【知识点】 ▶归纳两层次：全文大意（mainly talks about planets）+段落主旨（Introduction/Body/Conclusion）——科普文「总-分-总」结构一目了然。 【提示框】 make up（组成、构成）——Eight planets make up the solar system.；be different from（与……不同）与 be similar to 反义对照。 （七）问答四题 · 深层理解 1. Which planet is the largest one in the solar system?—Jupiter is the largest planet.（木星最大）2. Which planet is closest to the Sun?—Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun.（水星最近） 3. Why are scientists looking for life on Mars?—Because Mars is similar to Earth in size and temperature, and it has ice.（大小温度似 Earth 且有冰——所以找火星生命）4. What makes up the solar system?—The eight planets and many other smaller bodies make up the solar system. ▶why 问句答 because：Mars similar to Earth in size and temperature+ice——「相似性+水冰痕迹」是找火星生命的科学依据。 （八）表格填空 · 四行星档案 【过渡语】理解题做完——给四颗行星建「行星档案卡」。 Complete the table.（Planet/Size/Distance/Temperature）：Earth——diameter of around 13,000 kilometers／the third closest／neither too hot nor too cold；Mercury——smaller than Earth／about 58 million kilometers／much hotter than Earth Neptune——larger than Earth／about 4.5 billion kilometers／around minus 200℃；Jupiter——diameter of about 140,000 kilometers／much colder than Earth 【知识点】 ▶行星档案三维：Size（大小）+Distance（距离）+Temperature（温度）——三维数据即行星「身份证」，比较级贯串全表。 【提示框】 表格里 Earth 是「参照物」（smaller/larger/hotter/colder than Earth）——比较级都以 Earth 为基准。 四行星档案表格页 （九）拓展例 · Saturn 土星 Group work：Find out other planets in the solar system on the internet, and then share the information in your class.（上网查其他行星分享） Example（Saturn 土星）：It is the sixth planet from the Sun.（距日第六）It is a large gas planet.（大型气态行星）It has wide bright rings made of ice and rocks.（冰岩光环）Saturn is far away from the Sun, so its temperature is extremely low. There is no life on Saturn.（极冷无生命） 【知识点】 ▶行星介绍四要素：位置（the sixth planet from the Sun）+类型（gas planet 气态行星）+特征（rings made of ice and rocks）+温度与生命（extremely low/no life）——Saturn 光环（rings）是标志性特征。 【提示框】 gas planet（气态行星）——与 rock planet（岩石行星如 Earth）相对；extremely low（极低）——extremely 强化程度。 Saturn 土星例页 （十）词汇精讲 · 五词五搭配 【过渡语】拓展做完回词汇——五个词五组搭配。 ①similar adj. 相似的：be similar to...（My new model spaceship is similar to yours.）／be similar to...in... 在某方面相似（Mars is similar to Earth in size.）。②distance n. 距离：at a distance of...（The moon is at a distance of 380,000 kilometers from the Earth.）／in the distance 在远处（We can see a star in the distance.）／keep a distance from... 保持距离 ③minus prep./adj.：零下（It is minus 12℃ on Mars at night.）；减（Eight minus three is five.）；负的（a minus number 负数）。④survive v. 生存；幸存：survive on+地点（No living things can survive on Neptune.）／survive in+环境（survive in very dry deserts.）／survive+灾难（he survived the big car accident.） ⑤alive adj. 活着的；有活力的：keep sb/sth alive（Air and water keep all living things alive.）／be alive with... 充满（The earth is alive with different kinds of lives.）／come alive 生机勃勃（The whole forest comes alive in spring.） 【知识点】 ▶五词五考点：be similar to...in...（to 接对象/in 接方面）；at a distance of+数字（固定 of）；minus 零下/减/负三义；survive on/in/+灾难三搭配；alive 三短语（keep alive/be alive with/come alive）——单选与填空全落在这五点。 【提示框】 单选第 1 题 at a distance of 300,000 kilometres.（at a distance of 固定 of）；第 3 题 The temperature is minus 170℃.（零下 170 度用 minus，不与 below 叠用）。 （十一）随堂检测 限时独立完成随堂检测（本课词汇），完成后同桌互批，逐题核对订正。 一、1. A　2. B　3. A　二、4. similar to...in　5. at a distance of from　6. alive with 一、单项选择 1. The satellite is at a distance ______ 300,000 kilometres from our home planet. A. of　B. for　C. with　D. to 2. Many small animals cannot survive ______ very dry hot places. A. on　B. in　C. at　D. with 3. The temperature on the planet is ______ 170 ℃. A. minus　B. below minus　C. under minus　D. less minus 二、根据中文句意补全句子 4. 这两颗星球在大小方面很相似。 The two planets are ________ ________ each other ________ size. 5. 探测器距离那颗星球有 3 亿公里。 The probe is ________ ________ ________ ________ 300 million kilometres ________ that planet. 6. 这片海域充满各种各样的海洋生物。 The sea is ________ ________ many kinds of sea lives. （十二）小结与作业 Summary 两条：①语篇——太阳系四段（太阳是恒星/八行星大小/距离温度/Mars 寻生命）+四行星档案（Earth/Mercury/Neptune/Jupiter）；②策略——段落主旨归纳（Introduction/Body/Conclusion）+F/O 与比较级；词汇五词（similar/distance/minus/survive/alive）。 Homework 分层——Need to do：Finish the exercises about this lesson.（完成练习）Search for information about one planet and prepare a short 60-word oral report.（搜行星做 60 词报告）Choose to do：Write a short passage to compare Earth with another planet in the solar system.（写地球与另一行星对比） 【提示框】 行星报告自查：是否有 Size/Distance/Temperature 三维？是否用了比较级（larger/colder than Earth）？ 语言点归纳 课堂总结 本课为单元主题阅读课，语篇为太阳系科普文。Warming up——Free talk：When you hear the word "space", what comes into your mind?（听到 space 你想到什么）。看图四问：1. Which planet do we live on?—Earth. 2. Which planet is the largest?—Jupiter. 3. Which planet do you think might have life?—Mars. 4. Which planet is the closest to the Sun?—Mercury.。正文五段：①引入——When you look up at the sky at night, you can see many stars. But do you know the Sun is a star too? Yes, it is the only one in the solar system. As a star, the Sun has eight planets around it, and Earth is one of them.（太阳也是恒星，太阳系唯一；八大行星绕日，Earth 是其一）；②大小——Among the eight planets, Earth is a middle-sized one, with a diameter of around 13,000 kilometers.（Earth 中等大小，直径约 1.3 万公里）Three of the planets are smaller than Earth. They are Mercury, Venus and Mars. The other four planets are larger. They are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. In the solar system, Jupiter is the largest planet, with a diameter of about 140,000 kilometers.（三小：水金火；四大：木土天海；Jupiter 最大直径约 14 万公里）；③距离与温度——Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, at a distance of about 58 million kilometers, while Neptune is the farthest, at a distance of about 4.5 billion kilometers.（水星最近 5800 万公里；Neptune 最远 45 亿公里——while 对比）As for Earth, it is the third closest, closer than Mars but farther away than Venus and Mercury. Mercury and Venus are much hotter than Earth, while Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune are much colder. For example, the temperature on Neptune is around minus 200℃. No living things can survive on these planets.（水金更热，木天海更冷；Neptune 约 -200℃ 无生物存活）As our home, Earth is alive with life because it is neither too hot nor too cold. Mars is more similar to Earth in size and temperature. And there's also ice there! So scientists are looking for life on Mars.（Earth 不冷不热有生命；Mars 与 Earth 大小温度相似且有冰——科学家在火星找生命）；④结论——Besides the eight planets, there are many other smaller ones. Together, they make up the amazing solar system.（八行星+其他小天体组成太阳系）。Summary 三空：The text mainly talks about planets in the solar system. In the text, we can find most of the planets are very different from Earth, while Mars may be similar to Earth in size and temperature.。段落主旨四空：Para. 1: The solar system: the Sun and its planets.／Para. 2: The sizes of the eight planets.／Para. 3: Distances from the Sun and temperatures of the eight planets; there is life on Earth and scientists are looking for life on Mars.／Para. 4: The Sun and all the planets make up the amazing solar system.。问答四题：1. Which planet is the largest one?—Jupiter is the largest planet. 2. Which planet is closest to the Sun?—Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. 3. Why are scientists looking for life on Mars?—Because Mars is similar to Earth in size and temperature, and it has ice. 4. What makes up the solar system?—The eight planets and many other smaller bodies make up the solar system.。表格填空（四行星）：Earth——diameter of around 13,000 kilometers／the third closest／neither too hot nor too cold；Mercury——smaller than Earth／about 58 million kilometers／much hotter than Earth；Neptune——larger than Earth／about 4.5 billion kilometers／around minus 200℃；Jupiter——diameter of about 140,000 kilometers／much colder than Earth。拓展例（Saturn 土星）：It is the sixth planet from the Sun. It is a large gas planet. It has wide bright rings made of ice and rocks.（冰岩光环）Saturn is far away from the Sun, so its temperature is extremely low. There is no life on Saturn.。词汇精讲五个：similar（be similar to/in）；distance（at a distance of/in the distance/keep a distance from）；minus（prep 零下/减/adj 负的）；survive（survive on/in/survive 灾难）；alive（keep alive/be alive with/come alive）。随堂检测：单项选择三题（at a distance of 300,000 kilometres/survive in very dry hot places/minus 170℃）+根据中文句意补全句子三题（similar to each other in/at a distance of from/alive with）。Homework 分层：Need to do——Finish the exercises about this lesson.（完成本课练习）Search for information about one planet and prepare a short 60-word oral report.（搜一颗行星准备 60 词口头报告）Choose to do——Write a short passage to compare Earth with another planet in the solar system.（写地球与另一行星对比短文）。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $