专题05 高频易错点情态动词、虚拟语气（复习讲义）（江苏专用）2027年春季高考英语

专题05 情态动词、虚拟语气 内容导航 命题分析与考情透视 1 知识网络梳理 2 考核心考点精讲 3 考点一：情态动词表能力、许可与请求（重点） 3 考点二：情态动词表推测（重点） 5 考点三：情态动词表义务与建议（重点） 6 考点四：虚拟语气 7 实战演练 8 考试要求 情态动词和虚拟语气是江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语语法填空与单项填空的重要考点。近五年江苏合格考中，情态动词主要考查can/could、may/might、must、should等表示能力、许可、请求、推测与义务的用法，虚拟语气则侧重if虚拟条件句的时态搭配、wish后宾语从句的时态以及建议要求类从句中“should + 动词原形”。合格考命题强调在真实语境中体会说话人的语气与态度，话题多涉及科技创新、健康生活、校园活动与文化传承等。 命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 情态动词 5年3考 can/could表能力与请求；must/may/might/can't表推测；must/have to/should/ought to表义务与建议 预测2026年在语法填空、单项填空中继续考查情态动词表推测 虚拟语气 5年2考 if虚拟条件句的时态搭配；wish后从句的时态；suggest、advise、require等后从句用should do 预测2026年在语法填空中考查虚拟条件句及建议要求类从句的动词形式 情态动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，须与动词原形连用，用来表达说话人对动作或状态的态度，如能力、许可、推测、义务和建议；虚拟语气则通过特定的时态形式表达与事实相反的假设或主观愿望。二者都是江苏合格考的高频考点，核心考查方向包括情态动词表能力、许可与请求，表推测，表义务与建议，以及if虚拟条件句、wish后从句和建议要求类从句的动词形式。 知识点1 情态动词表能力、许可与请求 情态动词表示说话人的语气与态度，其后一律接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。can、could、may、might是表能力、许可与请求最常用的四个词。 ①can与could表能力 can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力（When he was five, he could ride a bike.）；could不能用于表示过去某一次经过努力终于做成的事，此时应用was/were able to。 ②may与might表许可 may表示请求许可或给予许可（May I come in? / You may go now.）；might语气更委婉，也可用于间接引语中替代may。 ③can与could表请求 Can/Could you help me? 表示请求对方帮忙，其中Could语气更客气，但答语仍用can；May I ...? 表示请求许可，语气最正式。 ④许可的应答与shall/will 回答May I ...? 时肯定用Yes, please./Sure.，否定用No, you mustn't./Sorry, you can't.；Shall we ...? 用于提出建议，Will you ...? 用于提出请求或邀请。 知识点2 情态动词表推测 情态动词可用来表示对现在、过去或将来的推测，推测的语气由强到弱依次为must→may/might→can/could。推测题在合格考中常以“语境 + 提示词”的形式出现。 ①must表肯定推测 must表示有把握的肯定推测，意为“一定”，只用于肯定句（The light is on. He must be at home.）。 ②may与might表可能性 may/might表示把握不大的推测，意为“可能、也许”，might语气更弱（She may come to the party tomorrow.）。 ③can与could表推测 can/could多用于疑问句和否定句（Can it be true? / It can't be true.）；can't/couldn't表示有把握的否定推测，意为“不可能”。 ④对过去的推测 对过去情况的推测用“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”：must have done（一定已经……）、can't have done（不可能已经……）、may have done（可能已经……）。 知识点3 虚拟语气 ①if虚拟条件句 与现在事实相反：从句用过去式（be用were），主句用would/could/might + 动词原形；与过去事实相反：从句用had + 过去分词，主句用would/could/might + have + 过去分词；与将来事实相反：从句用过去式或were to do，主句用would/could/might + 动词原形。 ②wish后宾语从句 wish后的宾语从句表示难以实现的愿望：与现在事实相反用过去式（I wish I knew the answer.），与过去事实相反用had + 过去分词（I wish I had worked harder.）。 ③建议要求类从句 suggest、advise、propose、require、demand、insist、order等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句，以及这些动词同根名词、形容词后的从句，谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should可以省略。 必记结论：情态动词后一律接动词原形，无人称和数的变化；must表“一定”只用于肯定句，can't表“不可能”语气最强；must的否定回答用needn't或don't have to，mustn't表示“禁止”；if虚拟条件句中与现在事实相反从句用过去式（be用were），与过去事实相反从句用had done；suggest、advise、require等后的从句用should + 动词原形，should可省略。 ⚠️避坑指南 ❌ 情态动词后误加to或改为第三人称单数：情态动词后必须接动词原形，如He can swim（不用can swims）；只有have to、ought to、used to后面带to。 ❌ must与can't的推测误用：必须有把握的肯定推测用must（You must be tired.）；有把握的否定推测用can't（It can't be him.）；mustn't表示“禁止”，不能用于推测。 ❌ 虚拟语气时态错乱：与现在事实相反从句用过去式，与过去事实相反从句用had done；若从句中有had、were、should，可省略if并将它们提前构成倒装（Were I you, ...）。 · 考点一 情态动词表能力、许可与请求 例1My little sister ______ (can) ride a bike when she was only five years old. 例2______ (may) I use your phone for a minute? I need to call my mother. 解题策略 1.语气判断法向他人提出请求时用Can/Could/May I ...?，其中Could与May语气更委婉。 2.时间标志法描述现在的能力用can，描述过去的能力用could；但表示过去经过努力终于做成某事时用was/were able to。 3.应答规范法回答May I ...? 时，肯定用Yes, please./Sure.，否定用No, you mustn't./Sorry, you can't.。 · 情态动词表能力、许可与请求考点总结 用法 示例 表能力 He can speak three languages. / She could swim at the age of five. 表许可 Students may borrow four books at a time. 表请求 Can/Could you help me? / May I come in? 许可的应答 — May I sit here? — Yes, please. / Sorry, you can't. 【变式训练1·基础巩固】The old man ______ (can) still read without glasses though he is over eighty. 【变式训练2·能力提升】______ (could) you please tell me the way to the nearest library? · 考点二 情态动词表推测 例1Look! The light in his room is still on. He ______ (must) be working on his report. 例2The boy ______ (can) be hungry — he had a big breakfast only half an hour ago. 解题策略 1.肯定推测法must表示有把握的肯定推测，意为“一定”，只用于肯定句，不能用于否定句和疑问句。 2.可能性推测法may/might表示把握不大的推测，意为“可能”，might语气比may更弱。 3.否定推测法can't/couldn't表示有把握的否定推测，意为“不可能”；mustn't表示“禁止”，不表示推测。 · 情态动词表推测考点总结 情态动词 含义 用法说明 must 一定（肯定推测） 只用于肯定句，语气最强，如He must be at home. may / might 可能（把握不大） 用于肯定句，might语气更弱，如He may come tomorrow. can / could 可能（疑问、否定） 多用于疑问句和否定句，如Can it be true? can't / couldn't 不可能（否定推测） 语气最强，如It can't be him；mustn't无此用法。 must have done 一定已经…… 对过去情况的肯定推测，如He must have missed the bus. 【变式训练1·基础巩固】You ______ (must) be tired after the long journey — you have walked for six hours. 【变式训练2·能力提升】It ______ (can) be Tom in the office. I saw him leave for the airport an hour ago. · 考点三 情态动词表义务与建议 例1You ______ (should) apologize to your classmate for being late, for it is the polite thing to do. 例2Every driver ______ (must) follow the traffic rules, or he will be punished. 解题策略 1.义务强度法must表示说话人主观认为“必须”，have to表示受客观情况限制“不得不”，二者不能随意互换。 2.疑问否定法must的疑问形式为Must I ...?，否定回答用No, you needn't/don't have to；mustn't表示“禁止”。 3.建议表达法should/ought to表示“应该”，语气比must弱；had better后接动词原形，表示强烈的建议。 · 情态动词表义务与建议考点总结 情态动词 含义 用法说明 must 必须（主观） 说话人认为必须做，如Must I finish it today? have to 不得不（客观） 受客观条件限制，如He has to get up early to catch the bus. should / ought to 应该（建议） 提出建议或劝告，如You should see a doctor at once. had better 最好 后接动词原形，否定为had better not，如You'd better take a rest. needn't / don't have to 不必 must的否定回答，如— Must I go? — No, you needn't. 【变式训练1·基础巩固】The doctor said that I ______ (should) take more exercise and eat less meat. 【变式训练2·能力提升】Students ______ (must) not use mobile phones in the reading room, for it is a school rule. · 考点四 虚拟语气 例1If I ______ (be) you, I would accept the invitation without hesitation. 例2The teacher suggested that we ______ (take) part in the school volunteer programme. 解题策略 1.时态对应法与现在事实相反从句用过去式（be用were）；与过去事实相反从句用had done；与将来事实相反从句用过去式或were to do。 2.主句搭配法虚拟条件句主句用would/could/might/should + 动词原形，对过去的假设则用would/could/might + have + 过去分词。 3.should记忆法suggest、advise、require、demand、insist、order等后的从句用should + 动词原形，should常可省略；wish后从句与现在相反用过去式，与过去相反用had done。 · 虚拟语气考点总结 类型 从句形式 主句形式 与现在事实相反 过去式（be用were） would/could/might + 动词原形 与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/could/might + have + 过去分词 与将来事实相反 过去式 / were to do / should do would/could/might + 动词原形 wish后宾语从句 与现在相反用过去式，与过去相反用had done — 建议要求类从句 should + 动词原形（should可省略） — 其他常用句式 as if从句用过去式，It is time that + 过去式 Would rather + 过去式 / 过去完成式 【变式训练1·基础巩固】If I ______ (have) more time, I would visit the science museum with you. 【变式训练2·能力提升】The manager insisted that all the workers ______ (be) present at the safety meeting. 一、单句语法填空 1. My grandfather ______ (can) play the erhu well, and he often performs for our neighbours. 2. ______ (may) I ask you a question about the reading task? 3. When he was a child, he ______ (can) run very fast, but now he seldom exercises. 4. He looks very tired today. He ______ (must) have stayed up late last night. 5. The story ______ (can) be true — it sounds too strange to believe. 6. Students ______ (must) wear school uniforms on Mondays, for it is a school rule. 7. You ______ (should) listen to the teacher more carefully in class. 8. Since everyone is here, ______ (shall) we begin our class meeting? 9. If I ______ (be) you, I would take part in the English speech contest. 10. If he had set out earlier, he ______ (not miss) the last train. 11. I wish I ______ (know) the answer to such a difficult question. 12. The doctor advised that he ______ (give) up smoking as soon as possible. 13. — Must I finish the writing task today? — No, you ______ (need). You may hand it in on Friday. 14. It ______ (must) be raining outside, for the ground is all wet. 15. You ______ (not have to) come so early tomorrow; the meeting begins at ten. 16. How I wish I ______ (can) fly like a bird! 17. The teacher required that every student ______ (hand) in the homework on time. 18. If she ______ (come) tomorrow, I would go to the library with her. 二、语法填空 Last month our school held a Science Week. "Everyone 1. ______ (must) take part in at least one activity," our headmaster said, so I signed up for the robot club. "You 2. ______ (can) borrow tools from the lab after class," our teacher told us, "and if I 3. ______ (be) you, I 4. ______ (choose) the simplest model first." On the first day, my robot 5. ______ (not can) move at all. My partner suggested that we 6. ______ (read) the instructions again carefully before we tried once more. The next morning I found that the wheels were loose. "Someone 7. ______ (must) have touched them last night," I thought. Our teacher said that we 8. ______ (should) check every part before each test. When our robot finally moved forward, the whole team cheered. Now I understand that if we 9. ______ (not be) afraid of failure and worked together, we 10. ______ (can) solve any problem. 三、真题演练 1.（2022·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语·单项填空）"You have a wrong number," she said. "There's no one of that name here." — You ______ have dialed the wrong number. A. need B. can C. must D. would 2.（2022·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语·单项填空）— May I use your dictionary? I'm stuck in the sentence. — It's just on my desk. ______ A. Got it B. My pleasure C. Help yourself D. Come to power 3.（改编自2023·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语·语法填空·原文句）"I did feel a little scared at that moment, but I knew I ______ rescue (搭救) the person," said Tang. 4.（改编自2025·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语·阅读理解·原文句）When watching an NBA game in the sports gym, Lily Min, a senior high school student in Lake Charles, wondered if you ______ turn the noise into a power source. 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 情态动词、虚拟语气 内容导航 命题分析与考情透视 1 知识网络梳理 2 考核心考点精讲 3 考点一：情态动词表能力、许可与请求（重点） 3 考点二：情态动词表推测（重点） 5 考点三：情态动词表义务与建议（重点） 6 考点四：虚拟语气 7 实战演练 8 考试要求 情态动词和虚拟语气是江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语语法填空与单项填空的重要考点。近五年江苏合格考中，情态动词主要考查can/could、may/might、must、should等表示能力、许可、请求、推测与义务的用法，虚拟语气则侧重if虚拟条件句的时态搭配、wish后宾语从句的时态以及建议要求类从句中“should + 动词原形”。合格考命题强调在真实语境中体会说话人的语气与态度，话题多涉及科技创新、健康生活、校园活动与文化传承等。 命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 情态动词 5年3考 can/could表能力与请求；must/may/might/can't表推测；must/have to/should/ought to表义务与建议 预测2026年在语法填空、单项填空中继续考查情态动词表推测 虚拟语气 5年2考 if虚拟条件句的时态搭配；wish后从句的时态；suggest、advise、require等后从句用should do 预测2026年在语法填空中考查虚拟条件句及建议要求类从句的动词形式 情态动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，须与动词原形连用，用来表达说话人对动作或状态的态度，如能力、许可、推测、义务和建议；虚拟语气则通过特定的时态形式表达与事实相反的假设或主观愿望。二者都是江苏合格考的高频考点，核心考查方向包括情态动词表能力、许可与请求，表推测，表义务与建议，以及if虚拟条件句、wish后从句和建议要求类从句的动词形式。 知识点1 情态动词表能力、许可与请求 情态动词表示说话人的语气与态度，其后一律接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。can、could、may、might是表能力、许可与请求最常用的四个词。 ①can与could表能力 can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力（When he was five, he could ride a bike.）；could不能用于表示过去某一次经过努力终于做成的事，此时应用was/were able to。 ②may与might表许可 may表示请求许可或给予许可（May I come in? / You may go now.）；might语气更委婉，也可用于间接引语中替代may。 ③can与could表请求 Can/Could you help me? 表示请求对方帮忙，其中Could语气更客气，但答语仍用can；May I ...? 表示请求许可，语气最正式。 ④许可的应答与shall/will 回答May I ...? 时肯定用Yes, please./Sure.，否定用No, you mustn't./Sorry, you can't.；Shall we ...? 用于提出建议，Will you ...? 用于提出请求或邀请。 知识点2 情态动词表推测 情态动词可用来表示对现在、过去或将来的推测，推测的语气由强到弱依次为must→may/might→can/could。推测题在合格考中常以“语境 + 提示词”的形式出现。 ①must表肯定推测 must表示有把握的肯定推测，意为“一定”，只用于肯定句（The light is on. He must be at home.）。 ②may与might表可能性 may/might表示把握不大的推测，意为“可能、也许”，might语气更弱（She may come to the party tomorrow.）。 ③can与could表推测 can/could多用于疑问句和否定句（Can it be true? / It can't be true.）；can't/couldn't表示有把握的否定推测，意为“不可能”。 ④对过去的推测 对过去情况的推测用“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”：must have done（一定已经……）、can't have done（不可能已经……）、may have done（可能已经……）。 知识点3 虚拟语气 ①if虚拟条件句 与现在事实相反：从句用过去式（be用were），主句用would/could/might + 动词原形；与过去事实相反：从句用had + 过去分词，主句用would/could/might + have + 过去分词；与将来事实相反：从句用过去式或were to do，主句用would/could/might + 动词原形。 ②wish后宾语从句 wish后的宾语从句表示难以实现的愿望：与现在事实相反用过去式（I wish I knew the answer.），与过去事实相反用had + 过去分词（I wish I had worked harder.）。 ③建议要求类从句 suggest、advise、propose、require、demand、insist、order等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句，以及这些动词同根名词、形容词后的从句，谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should可以省略。 必记结论：情态动词后一律接动词原形，无人称和数的变化；must表“一定”只用于肯定句，can't表“不可能”语气最强；must的否定回答用needn't或don't have to，mustn't表示“禁止”；if虚拟条件句中与现在事实相反从句用过去式（be用were），与过去事实相反从句用had done；suggest、advise、require等后的从句用should + 动词原形，should可省略。 ⚠️避坑指南 ❌ 情态动词后误加to或改为第三人称单数：情态动词后必须接动词原形，如He can swim（不用can swims）；只有have to、ought to、used to后面带to。 ❌ must与can't的推测误用：必须有把握的肯定推测用must（You must be tired.）；有把握的否定推测用can't（It can't be him.）；mustn't表示“禁止”，不能用于推测。 ❌ 虚拟语气时态错乱：与现在事实相反从句用过去式，与过去事实相反从句用had done；若从句中有had、were、should，可省略if并将它们提前构成倒装（Were I you, ...）。 · 考点一 情态动词表能力、许可与请求 例1My little sister ______ (can) ride a bike when she was only five years old. 【答案】could 【解析】考查情态动词表能力。句意：我妹妹五岁时就会骑自行车了。can表示能力，由when she was only five years old可知此处描述过去的能力，应用could，故填could。 例2______ (may) I use your phone for a minute? I need to call my mother. 【答案】May 【解析】考查情态动词表请求。句意：我可以用一下你的手机吗？我要给妈妈打个电话。May I ...? 表示委婉地请求许可，空处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填May。 解题策略 1.语气判断法向他人提出请求时用Can/Could/May I ...?，其中Could与May语气更委婉。 2.时间标志法描述现在的能力用can，描述过去的能力用could；但表示过去经过努力终于做成某事时用was/were able to。 3.应答规范法回答May I ...? 时，肯定用Yes, please./Sure.，否定用No, you mustn't./Sorry, you can't.。 · 情态动词表能力、许可与请求考点总结 用法 示例 表能力 He can speak three languages. / She could swim at the age of five. 表许可 Students may borrow four books at a time. 表请求 Can/Could you help me? / May I come in? 许可的应答 — May I sit here? — Yes, please. / Sorry, you can't. 【变式训练1·基础巩固】The old man ______ (can) still read without glasses though he is over eighty. 【答案】can 【解析】考查情态动词表能力。句意：尽管这位老人已经八十多岁，他仍然能不戴眼镜读书。can表示现在的能力，与从句中的is一致，故填can。 【变式训练2·能力提升】______ (could) you please tell me the way to the nearest library? 【答案】Could 【解析】考查情态动词表请求。句意：你能告诉我到最近图书馆的路吗？Could you please ...? 表示委婉地请求对方帮忙，语气比Can更客气，空处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Could。 · 考点二 情态动词表推测 例1Look! The light in his room is still on. He ______ (must) be working on his report. 【答案】must 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：看！他房间的灯还亮着。他一定正在写报告。must表示有把握的肯定推测，意为“一定”，故填must。 例2The boy ______ (can) be hungry — he had a big breakfast only half an hour ago. 【答案】can't 【解析】考查情态动词表否定推测。句意：这个男孩不可能饿——他半小时前才吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。can't表示有把握的否定推测，意为“不可能”，故填can't。 解题策略 1.肯定推测法must表示有把握的肯定推测，意为“一定”，只用于肯定句，不能用于否定句和疑问句。 2.可能性推测法may/might表示把握不大的推测，意为“可能”，might语气比may更弱。 3.否定推测法can't/couldn't表示有把握的否定推测，意为“不可能”；mustn't表示“禁止”，不表示推测。 · 情态动词表推测考点总结 情态动词 含义 用法说明 must 一定（肯定推测） 只用于肯定句，语气最强，如He must be at home. may / might 可能（把握不大） 用于肯定句，might语气更弱，如He may come tomorrow. can / could 可能（疑问、否定） 多用于疑问句和否定句，如Can it be true? can't / couldn't 不可能（否定推测） 语气最强，如It can't be him；mustn't无此用法。 must have done 一定已经…… 对过去情况的肯定推测，如He must have missed the bus. 【变式训练1·基础巩固】You ______ (must) be tired after the long journey — you have walked for six hours. 【答案】must 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：长途旅行之后你一定累了——你已经走了六个小时。must表示有把握的肯定推测，意为“一定”，故填must。 【变式训练2·能力提升】It ______ (can) be Tom in the office. I saw him leave for the airport an hour ago. 【答案】can't 【解析】考查情态动词表否定推测。句意：办公室里的那个人不可能是汤姆。我一小时前看见他去机场了。由I saw him leave for the airport可知此处表示有把握的否定推测，应用can't，故填can't。 · 考点三 情态动词表义务与建议 例1You ______ (should) apologize to your classmate for being late, for it is the polite thing to do. 【答案】should 【解析】考查情态动词表建议。句意：你应当为迟到向同学道歉，因为这是有礼貌的做法。should表示“应该”，用于提出建议或劝告，故填should。 例2Every driver ______ (must) follow the traffic rules, or he will be punished. 【答案】must 【解析】考查情态动词表义务。句意：每位司机都必须遵守交通规则，否则将受到处罚。must表示说话人认为“必须”，语气最强，故填must。 解题策略 1.义务强度法must表示说话人主观认为“必须”，have to表示受客观情况限制“不得不”，二者不能随意互换。 2.疑问否定法must的疑问形式为Must I ...?，否定回答用No, you needn't/don't have to；mustn't表示“禁止”。 3.建议表达法should/ought to表示“应该”，语气比must弱；had better后接动词原形，表示强烈的建议。 · 情态动词表义务与建议考点总结 情态动词 含义 用法说明 must 必须（主观） 说话人认为必须做，如Must I finish it today? have to 不得不（客观） 受客观条件限制，如He has to get up early to catch the bus. should / ought to 应该（建议） 提出建议或劝告，如You should see a doctor at once. had better 最好 后接动词原形，否定为had better not，如You'd better take a rest. needn't / don't have to 不必 must的否定回答，如— Must I go? — No, you needn't. 【变式训练1·基础巩固】The doctor said that I ______ (should) take more exercise and eat less meat. 【答案】should 【解析】考查情态动词表建议。句意：医生说我应该多锻炼、少吃肉。should表示“应该”，用于提出建议，故填should。 【变式训练2·能力提升】Students ______ (must) not use mobile phones in the reading room, for it is a school rule. 【答案】must 【解析】考查情态动词表禁止。句意：学生在阅览室里禁止使用手机，因为这是学校的规矩。must not表示“禁止、不准”，语气最强，故填must。 · 考点四 虚拟语气 例1If I ______ (be) you, I would accept the invitation without hesitation. 【答案】were 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是你，我会毫不犹豫地接受邀请。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用过去式，be动词一律用were，故填were。 例2The teacher suggested that we ______ (take) part in the school volunteer programme. 【答案】should take 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：老师建议我们参加学校的志愿服务活动。suggest表示“建议”时，其后从句谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should可以省略，故填should take（也可只填take）。 解题策略 1.时态对应法与现在事实相反从句用过去式（be用were）；与过去事实相反从句用had done；与将来事实相反从句用过去式或were to do。 2.主句搭配法虚拟条件句主句用would/could/might/should + 动词原形，对过去的假设则用would/could/might + have + 过去分词。 3.should记忆法suggest、advise、require、demand、insist、order等后的从句用should + 动词原形，should常可省略；wish后从句与现在相反用过去式，与过去相反用had done。 · 虚拟语气考点总结 类型 从句形式 主句形式 与现在事实相反 过去式（be用were） would/could/might + 动词原形 与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/could/might + have + 过去分词 与将来事实相反 过去式 / were to do / should do would/could/might + 动词原形 wish后宾语从句 与现在相反用过去式，与过去相反用had done — 建议要求类从句 should + 动词原形（should可省略） — 其他常用句式 as if从句用过去式，It is time that + 过去式 Would rather + 过去式 / 过去完成式 【变式训练1·基础巩固】If I ______ (have) more time, I would visit the science museum with you. 【答案】had 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我有更多时间，我会和你一起去参观科技馆。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用过去式，have的过去式为had，故填had。 【变式训练2·能力提升】The manager insisted that all the workers ______ (be) present at the safety meeting. 【答案】should be 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：经理坚持要求所有工人都出席安全会议。insist表示“坚持要求”时，其后从句谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should可以省略，故填should be（也可只填be）。 一、单句语法填空 1. My grandfather ______ (can) play the erhu well, and he often performs for our neighbours. 【答案】can 【解析】考查情态动词表能力。句意：我爷爷二胡拉得很好，他经常为邻居们表演。can表示现在的能力，故填can。 2. ______ (may) I ask you a question about the reading task? 【答案】May 【解析】考查情态动词表请求。句意：我可以就阅读任务问你一个问题吗？May I ...? 表示委婉地请求许可，位于句首首字母应大写，故填May。 3. When he was a child, he ______ (can) run very fast, but now he seldom exercises. 【答案】could 【解析】考查情态动词表能力。句意：小时候他跑得很快，但现在很少锻炼。由When he was a child可知此处描述过去的能力，应用could，故填could。 4. He looks very tired today. He ______ (must) have stayed up late last night. 【答案】must 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：他今天看起来非常疲倦，昨晚一定熬夜了。must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定已经……”，故填must。 5. The story ______ (can) be true — it sounds too strange to believe. 【答案】can't 【解析】考查情态动词表否定推测。句意：这个故事不可能是真的——它听起来太离奇而令人难以相信。can't表示有把握的否定推测，故填can't。 6. Students ______ (must) wear school uniforms on Mondays, for it is a school rule. 【答案】must 【解析】考查情态动词表义务。句意：学生周一必须穿校服，因为这是学校的规矩。must表示“必须”，语气最强，故填must。 7. You ______ (should) listen to the teacher more carefully in class. 【答案】should 【解析】考查情态动词表建议。句意：你在课堂上应该更认真地听老师讲课。should表示“应该”，用于提出建议，故填should。 8. Since everyone is here, ______ (shall) we begin our class meeting? 【答案】Shall 【解析】考查情态动词表建议。句意：既然大家都到了，我们开始班会好吗？Shall we ...? 用于提出建议并征求对方意见，位于句首首字母应大写，故填Shall。 9. If I ______ (be) you, I would take part in the English speech contest. 【答案】were 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是你，我会参加英语演讲比赛。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句中be动词一律用were，故填were。 10. If he had set out earlier, he ______ (not miss) the last train. 【答案】would not have missed 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他早一点出发，就不会错过末班火车了。此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句应用would not have + 过去分词，故填would not have missed。 11. I wish I ______ (know) the answer to such a difficult question. 【答案】knew 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我真希望我知道这么难的问题的答案。wish后的从句表示与现在事实相反的愿望时用过去式，故填knew。 12. The doctor advised that he ______ (give) up smoking as soon as possible. 【答案】should give 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：医生建议他尽快戒烟。advise表示“建议”时，其后从句谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略，故填should give。 13. — Must I finish the writing task today? — No, you ______ (need). You may hand it in on Friday. 【答案】needn't 【解析】考查情态动词的否定回答。句意：——我今天必须完成写作任务吗？——不，你不必。你可以周五交。must的否定回答用needn't或don't have to，故填needn't。 14. It ______ (must) be raining outside, for the ground is all wet. 【答案】must 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：外面一定正在下雨，因为地面全湿了。must表示有把握的肯定推测，故填must。 15. You ______ (not have to) come so early tomorrow; the meeting begins at ten. 【答案】don't have to 【解析】考查情态动词表义务。句意：你明天不必这么早来，会议十点才开始。don't have to表示“不必”，用于描述客观情况，故填don't have to。 16. How I wish I ______ (can) fly like a bird! 【答案】could 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我多么希望自己能像鸟一样飞翔！wish后的从句表示与现在事实相反的愿望时用过去式，can的过去式为could，故填could。 17. The teacher required that every student ______ (hand) in the homework on time. 【答案】should hand 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：老师要求每位学生按时上交作业。require表示“要求”时，其后从句谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略，故填should hand。 18. If she ______ (come) tomorrow, I would go to the library with her. 【答案】came 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果她明天来，我就和她一起去图书馆。此处表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语用过去式，故填came。 二、语法填空 Last month our school held a Science Week. "Everyone 1. ______ (must) take part in at least one activity," our headmaster said, so I signed up for the robot club. "You 2. ______ (can) borrow tools from the lab after class," our teacher told us, "and if I 3. ______ (be) you, I 4. ______ (choose) the simplest model first." On the first day, my robot 5. ______ (not can) move at all. My partner suggested that we 6. ______ (read) the instructions again carefully before we tried once more. The next morning I found that the wheels were loose. "Someone 7. ______ (must) have touched them last night," I thought. Our teacher said that we 8. ______ (should) check every part before each test. When our robot finally moved forward, the whole team cheered. Now I understand that if we 9. ______ (not be) afraid of failure and worked together, we 10. ______ (can) solve any problem. 【答案】1. must 2. can 3. were 4. would choose 5. couldn't 6. (should) read 7. must 8. should 9. weren't 10. could 【解析】 1. 考查情态动词表义务。句意：“每人必须至少参加一项活动，”校长说。must表示“必须”，直接引语中保持原形，故填must。 2. 考查情态动词表许可。句意：“你们课后可以从实验室借工具，”老师告诉我们。can表示许可，故填can。 3. 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是你们，我会先选最简单的模型。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句中be动词用were，故填were。 4. 考查虚拟语气。句意：同上。与现在事实相反的假设中，主句用would + 动词原形，故填would choose。 5. 考查情态动词表能力。句意：第一天，我的机器人完全动不了。由On the first day可知此处描述过去的能力，用can的过去式could，否定形式为couldn't，故填couldn't。 6. 考查虚拟语气。句意：我的同伴建议我们再把说明书仔细读一遍。suggest表示“建议”时，其后从句谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略，故填(should) read。 7. 考查情态动词表推测。句意：“昨晚一定有人动过它们，”我想。must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测，故填must。 8. 考查情态动词表建议。句意：老师说每次测试前我们都应该检查每个零件。should表示“应该”，用于提出建议，故填should。 9. 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们不害怕失败、齐心协力，就能解决任何问题。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句中be not用weren't，故填weren't。 10. 考查虚拟语气。句意：同上。与现在事实相反的假设中，主句用could + 动词原形，故填could。 三、真题演练 1.（2022·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语·单项填空）"You have a wrong number," she said. "There's no one of that name here." — You ______ have dialed the wrong number. A. need B. can C. must D. would 【答案】C 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：“你打错电话了，”她说。“这里没有叫那个名字的人。”——你一定是拨错号码了。must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定已经……”；need have done常用于否定句，can have done常用于疑问句和否定句，would have done表示与过去事实相反。由语境可知此处是有把握的肯定推测，故选C。 2.（2022·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语·单项填空）— May I use your dictionary? I'm stuck in the sentence. — It's just on my desk. ______ A. Got it B. My pleasure C. Help yourself D. Come to power 【答案】C 【解析】考查情态动词表请求与情景交际。句意：——我可以用一下你的词典吗？我这个句子卡住了。——就在我桌上，你自便。May I ...? 用于委婉地请求许可，Help yourself意为“请自便、自己拿”，符合语境；Got it意为“明白了”；My pleasure用于回答感谢；Come to power意为“上台执政”，故选C。 3.（改编自2023·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语·语法填空·原文句）"I did feel a little scared at that moment, but I knew I ______ rescue (搭救) the person," said Tang. 【答案】must 【解析】考查情态动词表义务。句意：唐宇说：“那一刻我确实有点害怕，但我知道我必须搭救那个人。”must表示说话人主观认为“必须”，语气最强，故填must。 4.（改编自2025·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语·阅读理解·原文句）When watching an NBA game in the sports gym, Lily Min, a senior high school student in Lake Charles, wondered if you ______ turn the noise into a power source. 【答案】could 【解析】考查情态动词表能力与可能性。句意：在体育馆观看NBA比赛时，路易斯安那州莱克查尔斯市的高中生莉莉·闵想知道能否把噪音变成电源。主句用wondered说明叙述的是过去的想法，从句中表示“能否”的能力或可能，应用can的过去式could，故填could。 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $