北京市丰台区建华学校2026-2027学年第一学期10月月考高一英语

北京市丰台区建华学校2026‑2027学年第一学期10月月考 高一英语 时间 90分钟 满分 100分 第一部分:知识运用(共两节,30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分) 阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 The View from the Slow Lane As we pulled into the driveway, I noticed that something seemed different about my mom. She was facing away from me, her shoulders dropped and her hands relaxed. I parked the car and she turned toward me. “Okay, we’re home,” I said, 1 that now was her time to get out and let me be on my own. She sniffed and brushed her hair behind her ears to reveal her bloodshot eyes and moist cheeks. She had been crying. “Mom!” I whined (嘟囔着说), surprised by the tears running down her face. “Why are you crying?” I asked. 2, I already knew the answer. I had just got my license, which I’d been looking forward to for months. I was free — able to drive myself where I needed to go. But now that I had it in my pocket, I suddenly felt 3. I had been so quick to grow up, completely ignoring the emotions that my mom must be experiencing with her first son nearing adulthood. “My baby boy is growing up too fast,” she 4 to say between deep breaths. My heart ached. I hated to see my mom cry, and I hated more that I had been so ignorant toward her feelings. I had been counting down the days, 5 waiting to enter the next stage of my life, while she counted down with fear and heartache. The 6 and freedom I had previously felt were gone, replaced by an odd sense of mourning. We hugged. Then she looked me in the eye and told me to drive carefully. “Of course I will,” I reassured her. She unbuckled her seatbelt, opened the door, and stepped out. I waved goodbye and pulled out of the driveway. I had been so 7 to start speeding and skirting around corners that I’d forgotten just how beautiful the ride is. Now I cruised (漫游) down the peaceful two‑lane road, enjoying the sights, sounds, and smells of the nature that surrounds me. At that moment I made a promise to myself, a promise to take things 8 and to never, ever, catch myself speeding again. Life had passed me by while I lived my days in fast forward, ignorantly wishing for tomorrow and 9 to notice all the beautiful things along the way. Friendships, victories, heartbreaks — have sped by me because I was too busy looking toward the future. It seems life also has its own speed limit, and if you find yourself going too fast, you risk 10 the moments that make it so special. 1. A. fearing B. implying C. remembering D. considering 2. A. in case B. now that C. as though D. even though 3. A. guilty B. anxious C. annoyed D. disappointed 4. A. tried B. managed C. intended D. hesitated 5. A. unwillingly B. impatiently C. nervously D. thankfully 6. A. luck B. honor C. delight D. gratitude 7. A. afraid B. confident C. surprised D. excited 8. A. easy B. slow C. wrong D. personal 9. A. trying B. failing C. refusing D. pretending 10. A. wasting B. losing C. missing D. deleting 第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分) 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Zhang Tian graduated from university and got a teacher’s certificate last year. His parents, like most, hope he would go to a big city to find a teaching job. Likewise, his friends all 11.(leave) his hometown for work in Shanghai or Beijing. Zhang Tian felt differently, however. He wanted to start a new lifestyle. He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he 12.(inspire) by them to go and teach 13.____ he was needed the most. For that reason he applied and became a volunteer teacher in a village school. 14.(bring) with him lots of books, clothes, and two pairs of trainers, Zhang Tian travelled to the village with an eager heart. He imagined all sorts of exciting things about living 15.(dependent) and teaching in a village. B Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, 16.____ made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. Guess what? Paul was only 1.6 metres tall, too! Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more. During all those hours of doing jump shots on his own, he used Bogues as his 17.____(inspire). Paul once said, “If Bogues could make it, why not me?” Our coach was not so sure. Paul had to try out many times just for making the team. He was still usually on the bench, being just a replacement, which was really tough on him. Everyone knew Paul had real skills, and was someone 18.____ worked really hard and had a strong desire to play for the team. However, Paul didn’t get a chance. This week, The Lions were playing our main 19.(compete), The Bears, a team 20. record this season had been perfect. They hadn’t lost a single game. It would be a tough one. Paul didn’t know he’d soon get the chance that he’d been waiting for. 第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,38分) 第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分,共28分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A This Tiny Box Will Help You Relax In Terrible Summer Heat! Traditional Air Conditioners (AC) are outdated. They cost a lot to install and even more to run. They are huge, noisy, and dangerous to clean. You can't move them around the house with you or take them outside! Thousands of people are now using a much cheaper alternative to cool themselves in the heat and clean their personal air. With over million units sold worldwide, this device is becoming one of the most successful gadgets of 2024. EVERYONE wants this awesome looking box for summer! What Are We Talking About? Meet the new AirFreez, an innovative alternative to AC that cools you just the same! It's a perfect solution for those very hot days and nights! The AirFreez was designed by two Swiss engineers who were fed up suffering hot summers. They realized that none of the traditional AC units were made to travel with us. So, they designed this light‑weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model! It's tiny, easy to use and it can cool you in seconds! What Is So Special About This Little Box? The main benefits of AirFreez are its portability and price. It is no larger than a lunchbox. Besides, it can be powered by a pocket solar panel or battery pack and you probably have the world's most portable AC unit. AND There Is One More Thing. The price is just amazing. Most AC units cost at least $300+ AND you have to pay for installation PLUS cover the expensive electricity bills each month. AirFreez costs less than $100 (Actually $53 for each if you buy more than one here). No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills. For a Cooling unit of this quality, this must be the single best price‑quality AC unit there is! How Can You Get An AirFreez? Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention, here is how to get one—order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE. 21. Which of the following words can best describe AirFreez? A. Smart but fragile. B. Costly but multi‑functional. C. Light but energy‑saving. D. Hardy and energy‑saving. 22. What can we learn about AirFreez? A. It costs less than $53. B. It requires no complex installation. C. It doesn't consume electricity. D. It is a little larger than a lunch box. 23. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To advertise AirFreez. B. To explain the functions of AirFreez. C. To introduce the inventors of AirFreez. D. To compare AirFreez with traditional AC. B I got married just after I graduated from college and found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It was in the laboratory of Prof. Edward Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software. One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement. The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was looking for people to develop software to "send man to the moon". Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been done before, I became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired. At the beginning, nobody thought software was such a big deal. But then they began to realize how much they were relying on it. Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at any time during the mission. My daughter, Lauren, liked to imitate me—playing astronaut. One day, she was with me when I was doing a simulation (模拟) of a mission to the moon. She started hitting keys and all of a sudden, she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon. I thought: my God—this could happen by accident in a real mission. I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight. But the higher‑ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too well trained to make such a mistake. On the very next mission, Apollo 8, one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done! The Lauren bug! It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged. After that, they let me put the program change in. It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11. During the early days of Apollo, software was not taken as seriously as other engineering disciplines (学科). It was out of desperation I came up with the term "software engineering". Then one day in a meeting, one of the most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. It was a memorable moment. 24. What do we know about the author? A. She taught Lauren to write software. B. She got her master's degree from MIT. C. She is the first woman ever hired by MIT. D. She created the term "software engineering". 25. What greatly contributed to Apollo 11's success according to the passage? A. The in‑time upload of data. B. The program change. C. Astronauts' rich experience. D. Experts' new attitude. 26. What can we learn from Margaret's story? A. Honesty is the best policy. B. A good beginning is half done. C. Two heads are better than one. D. Small things can make a big difference. C From linguists' point of view, grammar is a set of patterns for how words are put together to form phrases or clauses, whether in spoken or written. Different languages have different patterns. Some scholars have tried to identify patterns common to all languages. But apart from some basic features, few of these so‑called linguistic universals have been found. The study of these patterns opens up "an ongoing debate" between two positions, known as prescriptivism and descriptivism. From much of history, the vast majority of language was spoken. But as people became more interconnected, writing gained importance. Written language was standardized to allow broader communication and ensure that people in different parts around could understand each other. Language purists worked to establish and promote this standard by detailing a set of rules that reflected the established grammar of their times. And rules for written grammar were applied to spoken language as well. Speech patterns that deviated from the written rules were considered signs of low social status. And many people who are grown‑ups speaking in these ways were forced to adopt the standardized form. More recently, however, linguists have understood that speech is a separate phenomenon from writing with its own regularities and patterns. Most of us learn to speak at such an early age that we don't even remember it. We form our spoken skills through unconscious habits, not memorized rules. And because speech also uses mood and intonation for meaning, its structure is often more flexible, adapting to the needs of speakers and listeners. This could mean avoiding complex clauses that are hard to understand in real time, making changes to avoid awkward pronunciation or removing sounds to make speech faster. This linguistic approach that tries to understand and map such differences without dictating correct ones is known as descriptivism. Rather than deciding how language should be used, it describes how people actually use it and tracks the innovation they come up with in the process. But while the debate between prescriptivism and descriptivism continues, the two are not mutually exclusive. At its best, prescriptivism is useful for informing people about the most common established patterns at a given point in time. Ultimately, grammar is best considered as a set of linguistic habits that are constantly being negotiated and reinvented by the entire group of language users. Like language itself, it’s a wonderful and complex fabric woven through the contributions of speakers and listeners, writers and readers, prescriptivists and descriptivists from both near and far. 27. The underlined word “deviated” in paragraph 4 probably means ____. A. copied B. updated C. differed D. originated 28. According to the passage, prescriptivism ____. A. focuses on established language patterns B. accepts the differences between languages C. follows the innovations in language patterns D. attaches more importance to written language 29. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. A new understanding of grammar. B. The ongoing debate between linguists. C. The impact of grammar on language. D. The history of grammar. 30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Grammar: Rules or Habits. B. The Belief held by prescriptivists. C. Grammar: Rules of Grammar. D. Grammar: Writing Rules. D If you look across the entire lifespan, what you see is an average increase in desirable personality traits (特点). Psychologists call this the “maturity principle” and it’s comforting to know that, assuming your personality follows a typical course, then the older you get, the more mature you will become. However, it’s not such good news for young adolescents, because at this point, something known as the “disruption hypothesis” kicks in. Consider a study of Dutch teenagers who completed personality tests each year for six or seven years from 2005. The boys showed a temporary dip in conscientiousness—orderliness and self‑discipline in early adolescence, and the girls showed a temporary increase in neuroticism‑emotional instability. This seems to back up some of the stereotypes we have of messy teen‑rooms and mood swings. Thankfully, this decline in personality is short‑lived, with the Dutch data showing that the teenagers’ previous positive traits rebound (反弹) in later adolescence. Both parents and their teenage children agree that changes occur, but surprisingly, the perceived change can depend on who is measuring, according to a 2017 study of over 2,700 German teenagers. They rated their own personalities twice, at age 11 and age 14, and their parents also rated their personalities at these times. Some differences emerged: for instance, while the teenagers rated themselves as declining in agreeability, their parents saw this decline as much sharper. Also, the teens saw themselves as increasingly extroverted (外向的), but their parents saw them as increasingly introverted. This mismatch can perhaps be explained by the big changes underway in the parent‑child relationship brought on by teenagers’ growing desire for autonomy and privacy. The researchers point out that parents and teens might also be using different reference points—parents are measuring their teenagers’ traits against a typical adult, while the teenagers are comparing their own traits against those displayed by their peers. This is in line with several further studies, which also reveal a pattern of a temporary reduction in advantageous traits in early adolescence. The general picture of the teenage years as a temporary personality “disruption” therefore seems accurate. In fact, we’re only just beginning to understand the complex mix of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to individual patterns of personality change. Studies also offer some clues for how we might create more nurturing environments for teenagers to aid their personality development. This is an approach worth pursuing further given that teenage personality traits are predictive of experiences in later life. For instance, one British study of over 4,000 teenagers showed that those who scored lower in conscientiousness were twice as likely to be unemployed later in life, in comparison with those who scored higher. People focus so much on teaching teenagers facts and getting them to pass exams, but perhaps they ought to pay at least as much attention to helping nurture their personalities. 31. Which of the following can be an example of “disruption hypothesis”? A. A kindergarten kid cries over a toy. B. A boy in high school cleans his own room. C. A teenage girl feels sad for unknown reason. D. A college graduate feels stressed out by work. 32. According to the study of German teenagers, ____. A. parents give their teens too much autonomy and privacy B. teens are more optimistic about their personality changes C. teens and parents have the same personality rating standard D. parents and teens can later agree on teens’ personality decline 33. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that ____. A. teens should pay less attention to their scores in exams B. developing teens’ personality has a long‑term effect in their life C. people’s success in later life depends on teenage personality traits D. environmental factors outweigh genetic ones for personality change 34. What is the author’s attitude towards teenage personality education? A. Dissatisfied. B. Approving. C. Neutral. D. Cautious. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Play Helps Develop Bigger, Better Brains! Playing is a serious business. Children absorbed in a make‑believe world, baby foxes play‑fighting or kittens teasing a ball of string aren’t just having fun. Play may look like a carefree way to pass the time before the hard work of adulthood comes along, but there’s much more to it. If play is not simply a way to have fun, for what other reasons has it developed? 35 Earlier this year, Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong positive link between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general. 36 The opposite was also found to be true. According to John Byers of Idaho University, the timing of the playful stage in young animals provides an important clue to what’s going on. If you plot the amount of time a child devotes to play each day over the course of its development, you discover a pattern typically associated with a “sensitive period”—a brief development window during which the brain can actually be adjusted in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life. 37 “People have not paid enough attention to the amount of the brain activated by play,” says Marc Bekoff from Colorado University. Bekoff studied coyote pups at play and found that the kind of behavior involved was obviously more variable and unpredictable than that of adults. He also reasons that such behavior activates many different parts of the brain. 38 “There’s enormous cognitive involvement in play,” says Bekoff. He points out that play often involves complex assessments of playmates and the use of specialized signals and rules. He believes that play creates a brain that has greater behavioral flexibility and improved potential for learning later in life. 39 A. Play just lights everything up. B. The importance of playfulness is drawing more attention. C. The latest idea suggests that play has developed to build big brains. D. A popular explanation is that it helps children develop the skills they will later need. E. Think of the relative ease with which kids‑but not babies or adults‑absorb language. F. Not only is more of the brain involved in play, but it also activates higher cognitive processes. G. Comparing often orders of mammal, his team found larger brains are linked to greater playfulness. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） （共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 Tips for Dealing with Seasonal Affective Disorder Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter. Unlike other types of depression, it may improve as spring comes on. It is often a periodic occurring disorder‑you’ll feel depressed every winter and begin to feel better each spring. SAD depression is caused by lowered levels of serotonin (血清素), the mood‑affecting brain chemical that is caused by seasonal changes in daylight. Shorter days may also disrupt the body’s biological clock, which upsets the balance of melatonin (褪黑激素), the hormone which regulates mood and sleep patterns. Seasonal affective disorder is far more common in northern climates, where days can be very short in winter. SAD affects more women than men and is more likely to occur in people under age 40 than those older than that. Although any amount of outdoor light can help raise serotonin levels, getting light in the morning seems to offer the most benefit. If the weather permits, take a walk. In your home or office, try sitting close to a window that faces south. Replacing light bulbs in your home with full spectrum light bulbs can help because they give out light similar to sunlight. Studies have shown that increasing your exercise routine can counteract SAD. Exercise raises levels of serotonin. Moderate exercise, which means neither too much nor too little exercise, such as walking, riding a stationary bike or swimming is a great way to get started. But any activities that raise your heart rate, including daily chores, can help, especially if you can do them outdoors or near a sunny window. Yoga, jogging and Tai chi can all help lift your mood. 40. According to the passage, what is SAD? 41. Who are more likely to suffer from SAD? 42. Please decide which of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.   ▶ Increasing exercise routine can fight against SAD, and people should do a large amount of exercise to get started. 43. Seasons bring not only depression but also happiness. Which season can cheer you up? And why? (In about 40 words) 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你的初中好友 Jim 发来邮件，询问你的近况。请你回复一封邮件，向他介绍你的高中生活，内容包含：   1. 校园环境、师生氛围、课程设置或校园活动等相关情况；   2. 个人感受以及对未来的期许；   3. 询问 Jim 的高中生活近况。 参考答案 第一部分 知识运用 第一节 完形填空 1. B implying 2. D even though 3. A guilty 4. B managed 5. B impatiently 6. C delight 7. D excited 8. B slow 9. B failing 10. C missing 第二节 语法填空 11. left 12. was inspired 13. where 14. Bringing 15. independently 16. which 17. inspiration 18. who 19. competitor 20. whose 第二部分 阅读理解 第一节 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. B 34. B 第二节 七选五 35. D 36. G 37. E 38. F 39. C 第三部分 书面表达（参考） 40. It is a type of winter depression that often improves in spring. 41. Women and people under age 40. 42. False statement：people should do a large amount of exercise to get started.  Reason：The passage says we should start with moderate exercise, not too much. 43.（示例，约40词） I like spring best. Warm sunshine and fresh air always cheer me up. Flowers come out and everything looks lively. I often take walks outside and feel relaxed and hopeful. 44.（李华邮件范文） Dear Jim, How is everything going? I’m glad to receive your email. Now I’d like to tell you something about my new high‑school life. Our school is beautiful with green trees and nice classrooms. Teachers are patient and classmates are friendly. We have rich courses and interesting after‑school activities. I really enjoy the warm atmosphere here. I feel busy but happy and I hope to make greater progress in the future. How about your high‑school life? I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $