云南省昆明市第十中学2026-2027学年高二上学期10月月考英语试卷

昆十中教育集团高二年级上学期月考质量检测 英语试卷 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录 音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1.What does the man plan to do after school? A.Watch a basketball game B.Do exercise in the gym.C.Help organize an event 2.How much will the man pay? A.￡70. B.￡80. C.￡100 3.What did the woman do on the weekend? A.She learned to cook. B.She held a get-together. C.She celebrated her birthday. 4.Where are the speakers? A.In a car. B.At home. C.On a plane. What is the man's opinion on his presentation? A.Inspiring. B.Successful. C.Incomplete 第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音 前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。 6.What are the speakers doing? A.Painting the scenery. B.Exploring a city C.Having a hike 7.What did the woman suggest doing before they started? A.Bringing a map. B.Postponing their plan. C.Checking the weather. 听第7段录音，回答第8、9题。 8.What did the woman do yesterday? A.She went to the hospital B.She selected some actors. C.She mistook a stranger for an actor. 9.How did the woman feel in the end? A.Amused. B.Surprised C.Annoyed. 听第8段录音，回答第10至12题。 10.Which department does Edward work in now? A.Human Resources.B.Accounting. C.Marketing. 11.What will Edward do on Friday? A.Attend a party. B.Go to the branch office. C.Work in a new department. 12.What will the man do next? A.Write an email. B.Talk with Edward. C.Organize a meeting. 听第9段录音，回答第13至16题。 13.Why did Mark find the first month difficult? 1 A.He slept badly at night. B.He couldn't afford groceries. C.He struggled with the language. 14.What changed Mark's situation? A.Taking extra courses. B.Joining a walking club. C.Watching German films. 15.What surprised Mark in German? A.Strict classroom rules. B.Early shop closing times. C.Expensive public transport. 16.What does Mark think of the program at last? A.Worthwhile. B.Disappointing. C.Average. 听第10段录音，回答第17至20题。 17.What is David mainly talking about? A.A school lunch program. B.A government charity plan. C.A community service project 18.How did Lunch Buddies begin? A.From a government proposal. B.From a teacher's personal action. C.From a university research project. 19.What does Tom do for the boy? A.Tutor him in reading. B.Cook meals for him. C.Give free books to him 20.What is the purpose of David's talk? A.To train new cooks. B.To ask for donations. C.To look for volunteers. 第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A If you're a teen in high school then you're probably eager to see more of the world.Well,good news-with these volunteer abroad programs for high school students,you don't have to wait until you've finished school to travel overseas! Solo(单人的)volunteer trips 1.Work with sea turtles in Grecce During your time volunteering,you'll be based in Giannitsochori.This village is a nesting site for one of the world's most endangered and oldest ocean specics:the Loggerhead sea turtle.You'll do daily morning and night surveys to record turtle nesting activity and act as a lookout to protect turtle nests 2.Hike the Himalayas in Nepal In this exciting program,you'll help with improving the safety standards of educational facilities in Pokhara.You could be building desks for classrooms or setting up water storage equipment for the local community. Group volunteer trips 1.Travel to Thailand for a preservation experience Take a class trip to Thailand and get involved in hands-on preservation efforts.You'll assist with long-term preservation projects.For instance,work with the traditional Karen community of Huay Pakoot to contribute to elephant protection.or work with local community members at turtle protection facilities in Phang Nga. 2.Contribute to community development projects in Cape Town During this program,your group of teen volunteers will learn about the history of Cape Town.You'll work with the communities near our base,offering support where needed.For example,previous volunteers assisted with projects like brightening up educational facilities with wall paintings or building a greenhouse for the local community. Al.What can volunteers do in the program in Greece? A.Observe how the turtles build their nests.8.Set up water storage equipment. C.Go on exciting mountain hikes. D.Assist with educational facilities projects. 22.Which is the best destination if your class is looking for an animal protection program? A.Cape Town. B.Thailand. C.Pokhara. D.Greece. 23 Where is the text probably taken from A.A travel journal. B.A research paper. C.A print advertisement. D.A geography textbook. B An Englishwoman is turning old leather sofas into beautiful handbags as a way to save them from the landfill. Lisa Crick gets the pre-loved sofas sent to her for free,and she upcycles the good parts into bags.She tries to use every part of the furniture that she can."I am passionate about waste and aware of how much we do waste,"said Lisa.She sells her handbags on a website for anywhere from f25 to f200 and says"the sofa bags are flying off the shelves". Lisa tried her hand at sewing (in 2018 when her husband,Dave,asked what she was going to do with the waste material from old curtains they had replaced."I just said 'I'll make bags,'"she said."Never in a million years did I think I'd be here."She had more time to explore her sewing skills when the pandemic hit in 2020.By the time the lockdown ended, she had decided to pursue making bags as a business. She first sewed with leather after a friend asked if she fancied a.leather chair."I love the challenge of different fabrics ()Every fabric that comes in teaches me something else,"she said.She then started looking on Facebook Marketplace to collect sofas people were giving away.Lisa can make up to nine bags from a sofa and chair.She has also created products, including a line of aprons from old jeans.One woman loved the bags so much that she ordered one made from her own sofa. She has saved 20 sofas from landfills over the last 16 months,and sews 6-10 leather bags weekly to sell on her website. Each bag comes with a label to tell you what it was in its previous life."I'm so proud of the bags I produce.It's not about the money for me.I enjoy what I do." 4.What can be learned about Lisa from her words in paragraph 2 A.She is skilled at making curtains B.She is worried about her products'sales. C.She has strong environmental awareness. D.She donates her self-made products for free. 45.What made Lisa first start sewing? A.Her idea of turning waste materials into bags.B Her desire to start her own business. C.The advice from her friends. D The blow of the pandemic. 26.What is Lisa's opinion on her products? A.They earn her a lot of money B.They provide a powerful feeling of pride. C.They should involve different fabrics. D.They should display their original purposes 27.What is the best title for the text? A How hand sewing became fashionable during the pandemic 3 B.Englishwoman moves toward a zero-waste lifestyle C.Woman transforms old sofas into stylish handbags D.Why one man's waste is another man's treasure C California researchers developed a glove embedded with electronic sensors that can translate American Sign Language (ASL)into English in real time through an app on your smartphone. Unlike its past counterparts,the new glove is lightweight,inexpensive and long-lasting.The device could help remove communication barriers between signers and non-signers.Hopefully,this may open up an easy way for people who use sign language to communicate directly with non-signers without needing someone else to translate for them. The team worked with four people who are deaf and use ASL and had them repeat gestures up to 15 times while wearing the glove-like device,simultaneously teaching a machine how to recognize them. The glove has thin,stretchable sensors made from"electrically conducting yarns"that run up each finger and convert the movements into signals.These signals are sent to a"dollar-coin-sized"circuit board placed on the person's wrist,which then wirelessly transfers them over to a smartphone. The system was able to recognize 660 hand motions and finger placements that stand for each letter in the English alphabet,different phrases and each number The algorithm()recognized the correct signs about 99%of the time, and in less than one second-or about a tone word per second. The researchers also placed sensors in between the participants eyebrows and on the sides of their mouths to "capture facial expressions that are a part of ASL".The same exact hand-shape and movement can totally change meaning because of the facial expression that is used to accompany it.Take the word MUCH.The degree of how much can totally be determined by the facial expression alone while the sign stays the same. Researchers said the glove would need to learn more vocabulary and be able to translate signs faster in order to get a commercial version of it in stores. 28.Who is the new glove intended for? A.Translators. B.Sign language users. C English learners. D.Deaf people. 29.What does paragraph 4 mainly say about the new glove? A.Its reliability. B.Its working principle. C.Its components. D.Its broad applications. 30 How do researchers improve the glove's correctness of recognition? A By connecting it to smartphones. B.By lengthening the time of catching gestures. C.By catching information from more angles. D.By inputting more letters in English. 31.What will researchers do with the glove in the future? A.Improve its performance. B Update its outlook C.Extend its service life D.Bring it to market. D In the late 1990s,two psychology researchers were talking about how the female scientists in their lab responded differently to stress than the men did.The men would disappear into their offices;the women would bring cookies to lab meetings and bond(增强信任关系)over coffee.Forget fight-or-flight,.they joked.The women were tending and befriending. The joke stuck in the mind of one of the women,researcher Laura Cousino Klein.Psychology research has suggested that stress leads to aggression ()but that wasn't her experience.Women were more likely to want to talk with someone about their stress,spend time with their loved ones,or channel (.....their stress into caring for others. She wondered if it was possible that science had gotten stress wrong. Klein dug deeper into the science,and she made the surprising discovery that 90 percent of the published research on stress was conducted on males.So Klein studied the social side of stress,especially in women.Looking at both animal and human research,she found evidence that stress can increase caring,cooperation,and compassion. While the tend-and-befriend theory began as an investigation into the female response to stress,it quickly expanded to include men.In times of stress.both men and women have been shown to become more trusting,generous,and willing to protect others. The tend-and-befriend theory doesn't say that stress always leads to caring-stress can indeed make us angry and defensive.The theory simply says that stress can make people more caring.And when we care for others,it activates systems of our brain that produce feelings of hope and courage. I wrote my book The Upside of Stress with that purpose in mind:to help you discover your own strength and compassion.Seeing the upside of stress is not about deciding whether stress is either good or bad.It's about how choosing to see the good in stress can help you meet the challenges in your life.Tending and befriending is one of the best ways to do this,and to transform your own stress into a catalyst (for courage and connection. 32.What does the joke show? A.Male scientists are smarter than female scientists. B.Women tend and befriend when they face stress. C.Female scientists are friendlier than male scientists. D.Men are better at dealing with stress than women. 33.Why did Laura keep the joke in her mind? A.It didn't fit with her life experience. B.It shared the same topic with her new book. C.It went against previous psychology research. D.It indicated the inequalities between women and men. 34.What do we know about the tend-and-befriend theory. A.It shows men are more defensive than women B.It suggests stress always leads to caring. It proves the fight-or-flight response wrong. D.It is applicable to both men and women. 35.What does the author's book aim to do? A.Provide evidence for her research. B.Explain the fight-or-flight response. C.Make suggestions on how to respond to stress positively. 9.Demonstrate women's and men's different responses to stress. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 What technologies will be in the classroom of the future Cloud technology Thanks to the cloud,homework,educational resources and other learning materials can be accessed from any device with an Internet connection.36 and they also will not have to worry about carrying heavy textbooks and other educational materials around with them. Virtual reality 5 Virtual reality (VR)technology can be used to create unique learning experiences that inspire a student's imagination and creativity. 37,but there are cost-efficient options such as Google Cardboard that can offer educators an affordable way to introduce this technology in their classrooms. Flexible displays(显示器) OLED-based displays would be much like a regular piece of paper.They would be extremely thin and flexible.38. This technology could make traditional-paper products extinct.It could have a huge impact on productivity and on the environmental integrity(环境完整性)of our planet 39 We've already seen classrooms transition away from the traditional whiteboard to interactive smart boards.What about smart desks?This technolegy would allow students to team up on projects and tasks with students all over the country and the world.40,there are currently no available smart desk devices on the market designed for education. A.Gaming in class R.Smart desks C..VR headsets can be costly D.While the technology exists to make.this a reality E.Cloud technology breaks the limits students used to face F.The benefits of this technology go beyond the classroom G.Students may no longer claim that their dog ate their homework 第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Every time I travel on my bicycle across the country,I'm always amazed by how kind people can be to strangers. One night,my friends and I were camping in a town in Missouri.There was a severe storm and we were getting 41.A complete stranger came by to 42us that there were tornadoes heading our way.The stranger invited us to his home.We were surprised by his concern for our43 Later we learned that there had been a lightning strike near the place where we had camped and several cattle had been 44 Fortunately,we spent the night in a nice dry home.We were45 given the opportunity to take a shower.The next morning we had breakfast with the family and 46 contact information.In a way we felt like the family had become a part of our journey.This was one of the most heart-warming 47 of my life because this family had nothing to 48 by being so kind to us.We were 49 not the type they would usually 50,but they treated us with respect and kindness. The kindness of a stranger always51 my faith in humanity.Whatever the person 52 always comes with no strings attached and that's the most 53 part. That family 54 us so much that during the rest of the trip,we55 others out every chance we got.We even bought food with our busking()tips for the homeless.It's always heart-warming when giving feels as good as receiving 41.A.annoyed B.impatient C.nervous D.excited 42.A.show B.warn C.convince D.guarantee 43.A.demand B.desire C.safety D.responsibility 44.A.killed B.deserted C.drown D.trapped 6 45.A.even B.merely C.apparently D.simply 46.A.submitted B.updated C.checked D.switched 47.A.experiences B.messages C.traditions D.comments 48.A.fear B.obtain C.order D.offer 49.A.especially B.officially C.occasionally D.definitely 50.A.worry about B.complain about C.keep in touch with D.agree with 51.A.reveals B.strengthens C.shakes D.shapes b2、A.states B.hopes C.saves D.gives 53.A.rewarding B.practical C.satisfactory D.evident 54.A.funded B.owed C.inspired D.delighted 55.A.drove B.helped C.sought D.pointed 第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Baidu Apollo Go is China's first fully driverless robotaxi service.It 56 (official)started in Wuhan on August 8, 2022.Before that,most self-driving cars still had safety drivers inside 57 Eould take control when needed. Recently Baidu Apollo launched its 6th Generation Robotaxi in Wuhan.Key highlights of the launch include a substantial()reduction in unit cost,now priced at about RMB 200,000,58(mark)a more than 50%decrease from the previous generation.Operating on Apollo Go,Baidu's platfotm,these vehicles snow 59 shift towards fully autonomous transportation.The development 60(support)by Apollo Go's fully autonomous Robotaxi operation network in Wuhan,is capable of managing every aspect of the Robotaxi operation 61 numan intervention().This innovation not just significantly reduces operational costs but also boosts 62ent). The introduction of Apollo ADFM,the world's first foundation model supporng Level 4 autonomous driving,further solidifies (Baidu Apollo's position at the forefront of autonomous technology.This model enables the rapid deployment of driverless operations in new cities within six monthspave)the way for widespread adoption Moreover,the upgraded Apollo Self-Driving(ASD)intelligent driving software,based on Apollo ADFM,will be 64 (access)on all Ji Yue vehicle models,allowing users nationwide to experience intelligent driving where Baidu Maps is available. In termns of,safety and market adoption,Apollo Go's service area in Wuhan now covers over 3,000 square kilometres and 65(provrde)over six million rides nationwide so far Notably,Apollo Go has achieved a remarkable milestone of travelling over 100 million kilometres without any major accidents. 第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分) 第一节（满分15分） 假定你是某中学英语俱乐部主席李华，俱乐部计划下周六组织成员参观本市新建的科技主题公同(Science& Technology Theme Park)。请你写一则通知，邀请俱乐部成员参加。 内容要点包括： 1.活动目的： 2.集合时间、地点： 3.活动相关要求。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Notice English Club LiHua 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I had it all planned out:the perfect dog.Not just any dog,but a glorious,smart pure-bred dog that would draw people's attention when we took walks.For years,I presented detailed plans to my parents,while they would listen patiently but never fully agreed,always giving unclear responses like,"We'll see,"or"It's a big responsibility." Then came the day that crushed all my hopes.My parents returned from the animal shelter-a place I hadn't even known they were visiting.My excitement turned to confusion,and then to disbelief as a strange creature followed them inside.This couldn't be my dog.His fur was a mix of brown and white,just like an old worn-out quilt.There was fear deep in his eyes,and he walked with a clear limp,dragging one front paw a little.My heart sank like a stone.This could be anything but the perfect companion I had imagined for so long.It seemed I had spent years preparing for a superstar concert, only to be handed a broken,out-of-tune instrument instead. My disappointment quickly hardened into cold rejection.I refused to give him a name,calling him only "the dog"in a flat voice.For weeks,I acted as if he were invisible.When he limped over,tail swaying weakly in hope of a friendly pat,I would turn around on purpose and walk away.If he tried to follow me around the house,I would point to his bed and command,"Stay!"in my coldest tone.He soon learned to keep his distance,often watching me from a quiet corner with those gentle,confused eyes that seemed to wonder what he had done wrong. Everything changed one sunny afternoon.A powerful dog from the neighborhood broke loose from its owner.With a fierce,deep bark,it charged straight towards me.I stood completely frozen,my feet rooted to the spot by pure terror,unable to even scream. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Just as tears began to cloud my eyes,I saw a shadow rush out. Seeing my mother cover his hurt,I had mixed feelings. 昆十中教育集团高二年级上学期月考质量检测 英　语　试　卷　整　理 词汇 · 长难句 · 语法考点 · 写作 满分 150 分　·　听力 30　阅读 50　语言运用 30　写作 40 适用：高二上学期　·　人教版新教材　·　新高考 I 卷题型 三大板块 第一部分　阅读 A/B/C/D · 七选五 · 完形：每篇主旨 + 必备词汇 + 长难句拆解 第二部分　语法填空：10 空考点对照 + 七大考点精讲 + 每考点 5 道高考真题（标注来源） 第三部分　写作：通知与应用文、读后续写各「思路 + 词汇 + 评分标准 + 第五档范文」 说明：本卷 PDF 未附参考答案与听力音频，附录答案依原文核定，仅供讲评参考，非官方答案；听力部分不属本讲义范围。 第一部分　阅读·七选五·完形：词汇与长难句 使用建议：先读【文章主旨】建立预期，再用词汇表扫清理解障碍，最后用长难句拆解训练「划主干—找修饰—定逻辑」的分析动作。每篇词汇表中的「搭配/文中用法」栏，是完形与写作的直接语料。 阅读 A 篇 Volunteer Abroad Programs for High School Students 【文章主旨】应用文（项目介绍）。介绍面向高中生的四个海外志愿项目（希腊海龟、尼泊尔校舍、泰国大象、开普敦社区），劝服读者「不必等到毕业再出国」。 1. 解题必备词汇 单词 / 短语 词性 中文释义 搭配 / 文中用法 volunteer v./n. 自愿做；志愿者 volunteer abroad programs 海外志愿项目 abroad adv. 在国外 travel abroad 出国；study abroad 留学 overseas adv./adj. 在海外（的） travel overseas 去海外旅行 eager adj. 渴望的 be eager to see more of the world 渴望看看更大的世界 endangered adj. 濒危的 one of the world's most endangered species 世界最濒危物种之一 species n. 物种 单复数同形：ocean species 海洋物种 nesting n./adj. 筑巢（的） turtle nesting activity 海龟筑巢活动 survey n./v. 调查；勘察 daily morning and night surveys 每日早晚巡查 lookout n. 望风者；观察员 act as a lookout to protect turtle nests 充当观察员保护海龟巢 facility n. 设施 educational facilities 教育设施 storage n. 储存 water storage equipment 储水设备 conservation n. 保护（资源） long-term conservation projects 长期保护项目 preservation n. 保护（维持原状） a preservation experience 一次生态保护体验 hands-on adj. 亲身实践的 hands-on preservation efforts 亲身参与的保护行动 contribute v. 贡献；促成 contribute to elephant protection 为保护大象出力 community n. 社区；族群 the local community 当地社区；the Karen community 克伦族社区 brighten up 短语 使明亮；美化 brightening up educational facilities with wall paintings 用壁画美化教育设施 greenhouse n. 温室 build a greenhouse for the local community 为社区建温室 assist v. 协助 assist with projects 协助项目 option n. 选择 cost-efficient options 性价比高的选择 destination n. 目的地 the best destination 最佳目的地 wildlife n. 野生动物 wildlife protection 野生动物保护 habitat n. 栖息地 native habitat 原生栖息地 marine adj. 海洋的 marine species 海洋物种 itinerary n. 行程 a seven-day itinerary 七日行程 apply v. 申请 apply for the program 申请该项目 qualification n. 资格；条件 meet the qualifications 符合条件 2. 长难句拆解 句 1　Well, good news—with these volunteer abroad programs for high school students, you don't have to wait until you've finished school to travel overseas! 【结构】破折号后为解释性插入；with + 名词短语作原因状语（“有了这些项目”）；not...until 引导时间状语从句，从句用现在完成时 you've finished school 强调“完成”在先；主句谓语 have to wait。 【译文】好消息是——有了这些面向高中生的海外志愿项目，你不必等到毕业才能出国旅行！ 句 2　During your time volunteering, you'll be based in Giannitsotchori. This village is a nesting site for one of the world's most endangered and oldest ocean species: the Loggerhead sea turtle. 【结构】During your time volunteering 中介词 + 动名词短语作时间状语；be based in 表“驻扎于”；冒号后 the Loggerhead sea turtle 是对 one of... species 的同位说明，冒号前为“one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词”结构。 【译文】在志愿服务期间，你将驻扎在扬尼措霍里。这个村庄是世界最濒危、最古老的海洋物种之一——蠵龟的筑巢地。 句 3　In this exciting program, you'll help with improving the safety standards of educational facilities in Pokhara. 【结构】help with + 动名词 improving（介词后接 doing）；of educational facilities 作 safety standards 的后置定语；in Pokhara 为地点状语。 【译文】在这个令人兴奋的项目中，你将协助提升博卡拉教育设施的安全标准。 句 4　For example, previous volunteers assisted with projects like brightening up educational facilities with wall paintings or building a greenhouse for the local community. 【结构】like 为介词“例如”，后接两个并列动名词 brightening up... or building...，构成介词宾语；with wall paintings 表方式。 【译文】例如，此前的志愿者参与过这样的项目：用壁画美化教育设施，或为当地社区搭建温室。 句 5　Take a class trip to Thailand and get involved in hands-on preservation efforts. You'll assist with long-term preservation projects. 【结构】两个祈使句并列，Take... and get involved in...；hands-on 为复合形容词作定语；be involved in“参与到……中”。 【译文】带全班去泰国，亲身参与保护行动。你将协助长期保护项目。 阅读 B 篇 From Old Sofas to Stylish Handbags 【文章主旨】记叙文（人物故事）。英国女性 Lisa Crick 把旧皮沙发改造成手提包，从偶然缝纫到做成生意，16 个月救下 20 张沙发，立意是「废物不是垃圾，是放错地方的资源」。 1. 解题必备词汇 单词 / 短语 词性 中文释义 搭配 / 文中用法 sofa n. 沙发 old leather sofas 旧皮沙发 leather n./adj. 皮革（的） leather handbags 皮制手提包 landfill n. 垃圾填埋场 save them from the landfill 让它们免于进填埋场 upcycle v. 升级改造（使废品增值） upcycles the good parts into bags 把好的部分改造成包 pre-loved adj. 二手的；被人用过的 pre-loved sofas 二手沙发 sew v. 缝；缝纫 tried her hand at sewing 尝试缝纫（sew 的过去式 sewed，过去分词 sewn） curtain n. 窗帘 waste material from old curtains 旧窗帘的边角料 waste adj./n. 废弃的；浪费 waste material 废料；a waste of money 浪费钱 fabric n. 布料 different fabrics 不同的布料 apron n. 围裙 a line of aprons from old jeans 用旧牛仔裤做的一系列围裙 label n. 标签 come with a label 附有一张标签 previous adj. 以前的；原来的 in its previous life 在它“上辈子”（原来的用途） pursue v. 追求；从事 pursue making bags as a business 把做包当作事业来经营 challenge n. 挑战 I love the challenge of different fabrics 我喜欢不同布料带来的挑战 craft n./v. 手艺；精心制作 traditional craft 传统手艺 textile n. 纺织品 the textile industry 纺织业 sustainable adj. 可持续的 a sustainable lifestyle 可持续的生活方式 throwaway adj. 用后即弃的 throwaway culture 一次性消费文化 second-hand adj. 二手的 second-hand furniture 二手家具 transform v. 转变；改造 transform old sofas into handbags 把旧沙发变成手提包 donate v. 捐赠 donate her self-made products 捐赠她自制的产品 collection n. 系列；收藏 a new collection of bags 一个新的包袋系列 profitable adj. 有利可图的 a profitable business 赚钱的生意 bargain n. 便宜货；划算的交易 at £25 it is a real bargain 25 英镑真是便宜 fly off the shelves 短语 （商品）十分抢手 The bags are flying off the shelves. 这些包非常抢手。 2. 长难句拆解 句 1　An Englishwoman is turning old leather sofas into beautiful handbags as a way to save them from the landfill. 【结构】现在进行时表持续的做法；turn A into B“把 A 变成 B”；as a way to do 作方式状语，save sb/sth from... 表“使……免于”。 【译文】一位英国女性正把旧皮沙发变成漂亮的手提包，以此让它们免于被送进垃圾填埋场。 句 2　Lisa Crick gets the pre-loved sofas sent to her for free, and she upcycles the good parts into bags. 【结构】get sth done 使役结构（sofas 与 send 为被动关系，用过去分词 sent）；and 连接两个并列分句；upcycle... into... 把……改造成……。 【译文】丽莎·克里克让人把二手沙发免费送到她那里，再把完好的部分改造成包。 句 3　Lisa tried her hand at sewing in 2018 when her husband, Dave, asked what she was going to do with the waste material from old curtains they had replaced. 【结构】when 引导定语从句修饰 2018；asked 后接 what 引导的宾语从句；they had replaced 为省略关系代词 that/which 的定语从句，用过去完成时表示“先于主句”。 【译文】2018 年丽莎尝试缝纫，当时丈夫戴夫问她打算怎么处理他们换下的旧窗帘的边角料。 句 4　By the time the lockdown ended, she had decided to pursue making bags as a business. 【结构】By the time + 过去时间从句，主句用过去完成时 had decided，表示“到那时为止已完成”；pursue doing 后接动名词。 【译文】到封控结束时，她已经决定把做包当成事业来经营。 句 5　She has saved 20 sofas from landfills over the last 16 months, and sews 6–10 leather bags weekly to sell on her website. Each bag comes with a label to tell you what it was in its previous life. 【结构】over the last 16 months 为现在完成时标志；to sell 作目的状语；what it was in its previous life 为宾语从句，作 tell 的直接宾语。 【译文】过去 16 个月里，她从垃圾填埋场救下了 20 张沙发，每周缝制 6 到 10 个皮包在网上出售。每个包都附有一张标签，告诉你它“上辈子”是什么。 阅读 C 篇 A Glove That Translates Sign Language 【文章主旨】科技说明文。加州团队研发嵌入手势传感器的轻便手套，经手机 App 把美国手语实时译成英语；难点在面部表情同样决定语义，商业化仍需扩充词汇与提速。 1. 解题必备词汇 单词 / 短语 词性 中文释义 搭配 / 文中用法 glove n. 手套 a glove embedded with sensors 嵌有传感器的手套 embed v. 嵌入 be embedded with... 嵌有…… sensor n. 传感器 electronic sensors 电子传感器 translate v. 翻译；转化 translate ASL into English 把手语译成英语 deaf adj. 失聪的 people who are deaf 失聪人群（the deaf 表示群体） counterpart n. 对应的人或物 unlike its past counterparts 与过去的同类产品不同 lightweight adj. 轻便的 lightweight and long-lasting 轻便耐用 long-lasting adj. 持久的；耐用的 a long-lasting battery 耐用的电池 barrier n. 障碍 remove communication barriers 消除交流障碍 stretchable adj. 可伸缩的 thin, stretchable sensors 薄而有弹性的传感器 conducting adj. 导电的 electrically conducting yarns 导电纱线 yarn n. 纱线 yarns that run up each finger 沿每根手指延伸的纱线 convert v. 转换 convert the movements into signals 把动作转换成信号 circuit board n. 电路板 a dollar-coin-sized circuit board 一枚硬币大小的电路板 wirelessly adv. 无线地 wirelessly transfer them to a smartphone 无线传输到手机 motion n. 动作；运动 recognize 660 hand motions 识别 660 种手部动作 alphabet n. 字母表 each letter in the English alphabet 英语字母表中的每个字母 algorithm n. 算法 the algorithm recognized the correct signs 算法识别出正确手势 recognize v. 识别；认出 recognize the correct signs 99% of the time 99% 的情况下识别正确 accuracy n. 准确率 improve the accuracy of recognition 提高识别准确率 facial expression n. 面部表情 capture facial expressions 捕捉面部表情 accompany v. 伴随 the facial expression used to accompany it 与之配合的面部表情 determine v. 决定；确定 be determined by the facial expression alone 仅由面部表情决定 vocabulary n. 词汇量 learn more vocabulary 学习更多词汇 commercial adj. 商业的 a commercial version 商业版本 version n. 版本 a version of it in stores 上架销售的版本 gesture n. 手势 repeat gestures up to 15 times 把动作重复多达 15 次 placement n. 摆放；位置 finger placements 手指的位置 eyebrow n. 眉毛 sensors between the participants' eyebrows 参与者双眉之间的传感器 participant n. 参与者 the participants in the study 研究参与者 2. 长难句拆解 句 1　California researchers developed a glove embedded with electronic sensors that can translate American Sign Language (ASL) into English in real time through an app on your smartphone. 【结构】embedded with... 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 a glove；that 引导定语从句修饰 sensors；through an app 表方式。 【译文】加州研究人员研发了一款嵌有电子传感器的手套，可通过手机 App 把手语实时译成英语。 句 2　Unlike its past counterparts, the new glove is lightweight, inexpensive and long-lasting. 【结构】Unlike + 名词短语作对比状语；三个形容词并列作表语。 【译文】与过去的同类产品不同，这款新手套轻便、便宜且耐用。 句 3　The team worked with four people who are deaf and use ASL and had them repeat gestures up to 15 times while wearing the glove-like device, simultaneously teaching a machine how to recognize them. 【结构】who 引导定语从句修饰 four people；have sb do sth 使役结构；while wearing... 为状语从句的省略（while they were wearing...）；simultaneously teaching... 为现在分词作伴随状语；how to recognize 为“疑问词 + 不定式”作宾语。 【译文】团队与四位使用美国手语的失聪者合作，让他们戴着这款手套状设备把动作重复多达 15 次，同时教机器如何识别这些动作。 句 4　The glove has thin, stretchable sensors made from 'electrically conducting yarns' that run up each finger and convert the movements into signals. 【结构】made from... 为过去分词短语作定语；that 引导定语从句，先行词为 yarns，从句谓语 run 与 convert 并列。 【译文】手套上装有薄而有弹性的传感器，由沿每根手指延伸的“导电纱线”制成，可把动作转换成信号。 句 5　The degree of how much can totally be determined by the facial expression alone while the sign stays the same. 【结构】of + how much 介词宾语从句；be determined by 被动语态；while 引导对比状语从句（“而手势本身不变”）。 【译文】在手势不变的情况下，“多少”的程度可以完全只由面部表情决定。 句 6　Researchers said the glove would need to learn more vocabulary and be able to translate signs faster in order to get a commercial version of it in stores. 【结构】said 后为省略 that 的宾语从句；would need to learn 与 (would need to) be able to 并列；in order to do 作目的状语。 【译文】研究人员表示，要让这款手套的商业版本上架，它还需要学习更多词汇，并能更快地翻译手语。 阅读 D 篇 The Upside of Stress: Tend and Befriend 【文章主旨】议论文（科普）。从「女性受压时倾向照料与交友」的笑话切入，指出九成压力研究只针对男性，提出 tend-and-befriend 理论并写成《压力的反面》，主张把压力转化为勇气与联结的催化剂。 1. 解题必备词汇 单词 / 短语 词性 中文释义 搭配 / 文中用法 psychology n. 心理学 psychology research 心理学研究 researcher n. 研究者 two psychology researchers 两位心理学研究者 respond v. 反应；回应 respond differently to stress 对压力的反应不同 stress n. 压力 under stress 处于压力下 bond v./n. 建立亲密关系；纽带 bond over coffee 边喝咖啡边建立情谊 aggression n. 攻击性 stress leads to aggression 压力导致攻击性 channel v. 引导；倾注 channel their stress into caring for others 把压力转化为对他人的关怀 discovery n. 发现 make the surprising discovery that... 得出令人惊讶的发现 published adj. 已发表的 published research 已发表的研究 conduct v. 实施；进行 research conducted on males 以男性为对象进行的研究 evidence n. 证据 found evidence that... 找到……的证据 cooperation n. 合作 increase caring, cooperation and compassion 增进关怀、合作与同情 compassion n. 同情；关爱 a sense of compassion 同情心 expand v. 扩展 expand to include men 扩展到包括男性 generous adj. 慷慨的 more trusting and generous 更信任他人、更慷慨 defensive adj. 防御性的 angry and defensive 愤怒且有防御心理 activate v. 激活 activate systems of our brain 激活大脑的某些系统 courage n. 勇气 feelings of hope and courage 希望与勇气 upside n. 正面；好的一面 the upside of stress 压力的正面价值 transform v. 转化 transform your stress into a catalyst 把压力转化为催化剂 catalyst n. 催化剂；促成因素 a catalyst for courage and connection 勇气与联结的催化剂 strength n. 力量；长处 discover your own strength 发现自身的力量 tend v. 照料；倾向于 tend and befriend 照料与交友 befriend v. 与……为友 tending and befriending 照料他人并与之交好 theory n. 理论 the tend-and-befriend theory 照料—交友理论 inequality n. 不平等 the inequalities between men and women 男女之间的不平等 response n. 反应 the fight-or-flight response 战或逃反应 2. 长难句拆解 句 1　In the late 1990s, two psychology researchers were talking about how the female scientists in their lab responded differently to stress than the men did. 【结构】about 后接 how 引导的宾语从句；differently 为副词修饰 responded；than the men did 为比较状语从句，did 替代 responded。 【译文】上世纪 90 年代末，两位心理学研究者谈起实验室里的女性科研人员面对压力的反应与男性有何不同。 句 2　Forget fight-or-flight, they joked. The women were tending and befriending. 【结构】祈使句 Forget... 表“别管……了”；were tending and befriending 用过去进行时描写当时情景，同时点题造词。 【译文】他们开玩笑说，别管什么“战或逃”了，女性是在“照料与交友”。 句 3　Klein dug deeper into the science, and she made the surprising discovery that 90 percent of the published research on stress was conducted on males. 【结构】that 引导同位语从句，说明 discovery 的内容；was conducted 为被动语态；published 为过去分词作定语。 【译文】克莱因进一步深挖文献，得出了一个惊人的发现：已发表的关于压力的研究中，90% 是以男性为对象进行的。 句 4　While the tend-and-befriend theory began as an investigation into the female response to stress, it quickly expanded to include men. 【结构】While 引导让步/对比状语从句（“尽管最初……”）；an investigation into... 中介词 into 表对象；expand to include 表扩展结果。 【译文】尽管“照料—交友”理论最初只是对女性压力反应的研究，它很快扩展到了男性。 句 5　The theory simply says that stress can make people more caring. And when we care for others, it activates systems of our brain that produce feelings of hope and courage. 【结构】says that... 宾语从句；make people more caring 为 make + 宾语 + 形容词作宾补；when 引导时间状语从句；that produce... 为定语从句修饰 systems。 【译文】该理论只是说，压力能让人更关心他人。而当我们关心他人时，它会激活大脑中产生希望与勇气的系统。 句 6　Seeing the upside of stress is not about deciding whether stress is either good or bad. It's about how choosing to see the good in stress can help you meet the challenges in your life. 【结构】动名词 Seeing... 作主语；be about doing 表“关键在于”；whether 引导宾语从句；how 引导表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语 choosing to see...。 【译文】看到压力的正面，并不是去判定压力是好是坏，而是看清“选择看到压力中的好处”如何帮你应对人生的挑战。 七选五 What Technologies Will Be in the Classroom of the Future 【文章主旨】说明文（小标题式）。展望未来课堂的四项技术：云技术、虚拟现实、柔性显示屏、智能课桌；结构为「小标题 + 现状 + 优势 + 局限」。 1. 解题必备词汇 单词 / 短语 词性 中文释义 搭配 / 文中用法 access v. 获取；访问 be accessed from any device 可从任何设备获取 device n. 设备 a device with an Internet connection 联网设备 connection n. 连接 with an Internet connection 有网络连接 textbook n. 教科书 carry heavy textbooks around 随身携带沉重课本 inspire v. 激发 inspire a student's imagination 激发学生想象力 imagination n. 想象力 imagination and creativity 想象力与创造力 creativity n. 创造力 inspire creativity 激发创造力 cost-efficient adj. 性价比高的 cost-efficient options 性价比高的选择 affordable adj. 负担得起的 an affordable way 一种负担得起的方式 display n. 显示器 flexible displays 柔性显示屏 flexible adj. 可弯曲的；灵活的 extremely thin and flexible 极薄且有弹性 extinct adj. 灭绝的；消失的 make traditional paper products extinct 使传统纸制品消失 productivity n. 生产力 a huge impact on productivity 对生产力产生巨大影响 integrity n. 完整性 the environmental integrity of our planet 地球环境的完整性 transition v./n. 过渡；转变 transition away from the traditional whiteboard 告别传统白板 interactive adj. 互动的 interactive smart boards 互动智能白板 smart board n. 智能白板 interactive smart boards 互动智能白板 team up 短语 合作；组队 team up on projects 就项目开展合作 available adj. 可获得的；可买到的 no available smart desk devices 没有可买到的智能课桌设备 virtual reality n. 虚拟现实 virtual reality (VR) technology 虚拟现实技术 resource n. 资源 educational resources 教育资源 replace v. 取代 replace paper with screens 用屏幕取代纸张 2. 长难句拆解 句 1　Thanks to the cloud, homework, educational resources and other learning materials can be accessed from any device with an Internet connection. 【结构】Thanks to... 作原因状语；主语为三项并列名词；can be accessed 为情态动词被动语态；with an Internet connection 作 device 的后置定语。 【译文】得益于云技术，作业、教育资源和其他学习材料可以从任何联网设备上获取。 句 2　Virtual reality (VR) technology can be used to create unique learning experiences that inspire a student's imagination and creativity. 【结构】can be used to do 被动 + 目的；that 引导定语从句修饰 experiences，从句谓语 inspire 与 imagination and creativity 搭配。 【译文】虚拟现实技术可用于创造独特的学习体验，激发学生的想象力与创造力。 句 3　OLED-based displays would be much like a regular piece of paper. They would be extremely thin and flexible. 【结构】would 表对未来技术的推测；be much like 中 much 修饰介词短语；复合形容词 OLED-based 作定语。 【译文】OLED 显示屏会很像一张普通的纸，极薄且有弹性。 句 4　This technology could make traditional paper products extinct. It could have a huge impact on productivity and on the environmental integrity of our planet. 【结构】make + 宾语 + 形容词（extinct）作宾补；have an impact on... 固定搭配，两个 on 并列。 【译文】这项技术可能使传统纸制品消失，并可能对生产力以及地球环境的完整性产生巨大影响。 句 5　We've already seen classrooms transition away from the traditional whiteboard to interactive smart boards. 【结构】see sb/sth do sth 感官动词 + 省略 to 的不定式；transition away from... to... 表“从……转向……”。 【译文】我们已经看到课堂告别传统白板，转向互动智能白板。 句 6　This technology would allow students to team up on projects and tasks with students all over the country and the world, but there are currently no available smart desk devices on the market designed for education. 【结构】allow sb to do sth；but 连接并列分句表转折；designed for education 为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 devices。 【译文】这项技术能让学生与全国乃至全世界的学生就项目和任务开展合作，但目前市场上还没有专为教育设计的智能课桌设备。 完形填空 A Stranger's Kindness on a Stormy Night 【文章主旨】记叙文（旅途经历）。骑车旅行途中在密苏里露营遇龙卷风，陌生家庭收留并款待「我们」；受此感染，余下旅程一路助人，立意是「善意会传染，给予和接受一样温暖」。 1. 解题必备词汇 单词 / 短语 词性 中文释义 搭配 / 文中用法 amaze v. 使惊奇 be amazed by... 对……感到惊叹 stranger n. 陌生人 a complete stranger 一个完全陌生的人 camp v./n. 露营；营地 camp in a town in Missouri 在密苏里一个小镇露营 severe adj. 严重的；剧烈的 a severe storm 一场猛烈的暴风雨 storm n. 暴风雨 There was a severe storm. 下了一场大暴雨。 tornado n. 龙卷风 tornadoes heading our way 朝我们袭来的龙卷风 head v. 朝……行进 head our way 朝我们这边来 warn v. 警告；提醒 warn us that there were tornadoes 提醒我们有龙卷风 concern n. 关心；担忧 his concern for our safety 他对我安全的关心 lightning strike n. 雷击 there had been a lightning strike 发生过一次雷击 cattle n. 牛（总称） several cattle had been killed 几头牛被雷击死 heart-warming adj. 暖心的 one of the most heart-warming experiences 最暖心的经历之一 obtain v. 获得 have nothing to obtain by being so kind 如此善良得不到任何好处 respect n. 尊重 treat us with respect and kindness 以尊重和善意待我们 kindness n. 善意；善举 the kindness of a stranger 陌生人的善意 faith n. 信念；信任 strengthen my faith in humanity 坚定我对人性的信心 humanity n. 人性；人类 faith in humanity 对人性的信心 strings attached 短语 附带条件 come with no strings attached 不附带任何条件 busking n. 街头卖艺 with our busking tips 用我们街头卖艺的小费 homeless adj. 无家可归的 buy food for the homeless 给无家可归者买食物 grateful adj. 感激的 be grateful for the shelter 感激这处庇护 shelter n. 庇护所；躲避处 a nice dry home as our shelter 一个干燥舒适的庇护所 panic v./n. 惊慌 we were getting nervous 我们开始紧张（近义 panic） generosity n. 慷慨 repay their generosity 回报他们的慷慨 2. 长难句拆解 句 1　Every time I travel on my bicycle across the country, I'm always amazed by how kind people can be to strangers. 【结构】Every time 引导时间状语从句（相当于 whenever）；be amazed by 后接 how 引导的宾语从句，从句为感叹性语序 how kind people can be。 【译文】每次我骑车穿越全国，总会被人们对陌生人的善意所惊叹。 句 2　A complete stranger came by to warn us that there were tornadoes heading our way. 【结构】to warn 作目的状语；warn sb that... 宾语从句；there be 句型中 heading our way 为现在分词短语作后置定语。 【译文】一个完全陌生的人走过来提醒我们，有龙卷风正朝我们这边袭来。 句 3　Later we learned that there had been a lightning strike near the place where we had camped and several cattle had been killed. 【结构】learned that... 宾语从句；从句用过去完成时 there had been；where we had camped 为定语从句修饰 the place；and 连接从句内两个并列分句。 【译文】后来我们得知，我们露营地点附近发生过一次雷击，几头牛被击死。 句 4　In a way we felt like the family had become a part of our journey. 【结构】In a way 作状语“在某种程度上”；feel like + 从句，表“感觉好像”。 【译文】在某种程度上，我们觉得这家人已经成了我们旅途的一部分。 句 5　This was one of the most heart-warming experiences of my life because this family had nothing to obtain by being so kind to us. 【结构】one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词；because 引导原因状语从句；have nothing to obtain 为不定式作后置定语；by being so kind 介词 + 动名词表方式。 【译文】这是我一生中最暖心的经历之一，因为这家人如此善待我们，自己却得不到任何好处。 句 6　That family inspired us so much that during the rest of the trip, we helped others out every chance we got. 【结构】so...that... 结果状语从句；during the rest of the trip 作时间状语；every chance we got 为省略关系副词 that 的定语从句（every time when...）。 【译文】那家人深深感染了我们，以至于在余下的旅程中，我们一有机会就去帮助别人。 第二部分　语法填空：考点梳理 + 高考真题训练 本卷语法填空共 10 空（56–65，每空 1.5 分），语篇为说明文，介绍百度 Apollo Go 无人驾驶出租车在武汉的运营与迭代。10 空全部为「有提示词 7 空 + 无提示词 3 空」，考点集中在词性转换（3 空）、非谓语动词（3 空）、定语从句（1 空）、冠词与介词（2 空）、时态与主谓一致（1 空）。 两条做题主线：① 有提示词 → 先定词性（缺主语/宾语→名词；缺定语/表语→形容词；修饰动词或整句→副词），再定形式（单复数、比较等级、-ed/-ing）。② 无提示词 → 先划句子成分（缺主语/宾语→代词或关系代词；缺定语→介词或关系词；缺状语→介词或关系副词；成分齐全→冠词或连词）。 一、本卷 10 个设空与考点对照 题号 答案 考点 判断依据 56 officially 副词：形容词 → 副词 修饰谓语 started，作状语 57 who 定语从句：关系代词 先行词 safety drivers 指人，从句缺主语 58 marking 非谓语：现在分词 作结果状语，逻辑主语为前面整件事 59 a 冠词：不定冠词 a shift 泛指“一种转变”，可数名词单数 60 supported 非谓语：过去分词 作后置定语，development 与 support 为被动关系 61 without 介词 without human intervention 无需人工干预 62 efficiency 名词：形容词 → 名词 boost 后缺宾语，-ent → -ency 63 paving 非谓语：现在分词 作结果状语，与主句动作同时/自然结果 64 accessible 形容词：名词 → 形容词 be 后作表语，access → accessible 65 has provided 谓语动词：现在完成时 + 主谓一致 so far 为标志，主语单数用 has 考点一　副词：形容词 → 副词（第 56 空） ◆ 本卷真题　It ___56___ (official) started in Wuhan on August 8, 2022. ◆ 本卷解析　句子主语 It、谓语 started 齐全，空处只能修饰谓语动词，作状语，故用副词 officially。official 以 -al 结尾，直接加 -ly；注意不要误填 official（形容词）或 officious。 ◆ 考点精讲　口诀：修饰动词、形容词、另一副词或整句，一律用副词。三步判断：① 空后是动词/形容词/整句 → 副词；② 空前是系动词（stay, remain, feel, sound）→ 形容词；③ 句首独立成分（Basically / Fortunately / Surprisingly）→ 副词且首字母大写。高频变形：basic→basically、rare→rarely、eventual→eventually、accidental→accidentally、digital→digitally、original→originally、extreme→extremely。拼写陷阱：true→truly（去 e）、whole→wholly、happy→happily（变 y 为 i）。 ◆ 真题训练（5 题，均标注来源） 来源 题目（原句节选） 答案 解析 【2023·新课标I卷】 No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ___ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. rarely rarely enough“几乎不够”，副词修饰形容词 enough；不是“罕见地”。 【2023·新课标II卷】 So, what are they learning? ___ (basic), how to describe a panda's life. Basically 句首评注性状语修饰整句，用副词且首字母大写。 【2022·新课标I卷】 The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ___ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild. eventually 与 to improve 并列，修饰 achieve，用副词。 【2022·新课标II卷】 When he looked down, he ___ (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. accidentally 修饰谓语 slipped and fell，作状语。 【2025·新课标I卷】 ...inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, ___ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. digitally 修饰过去分词 generated（“数字生成的”），用副词。 考点二　名词：动词/形容词 → 名词（第 62 空） ◆ 本卷真题　This innovation not just significantly reduces operational costs but also boosts ___62___ (efficient). ◆ 本卷解析　boost 为及物动词，后缺宾语，须填名词；efficient 去 -t 加 -cy → efficiency（效率）。不可数名词，不加冠词、不用复数。 ◆ 考点精讲　口诀：冠词、形容词、介词、物主代词、及物动词后缺成分 → 名词。先定可数性，再定单复数：① 不可数：guidance, protection, richness, absence, efficiency, visibility；② 可数：warning, arrival, favorite, afternoon。高频后缀：-ance/-ence（guidance, absence, efficiency）、-ity（visibility, ability, possibility）、-ness（richness, happiness, kindness）、-al（arrival, survival）、-ing（warning, understanding）。拼写陷阱：efficient→efficiency（不是 efficience）、guided→guidance（不是 guidence）。 ◆ 真题训练（5 题，均标注来源） 来源 题目（原句节选） 答案 解析 【2025·新课标I卷】 You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your "___ (guide)" till they lose. guidance 物主代词 your 后接名词；guidance 不可数，不加 s。 【2024·新课标I卷】 ...to come to define much of the ___ (rich) of gardening in England. richness the...of 结构缺中心名词，rich→richness，不可数。 【2024·新课标II卷】 Those stable cultural legacies have brought Stratford international ___ (visible). visibility 形容词 international 后接名词；visible→visibility“知名度”。 【2025·新课标II卷】 The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ___ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky. absence the...of 缺名词；absent→absence“没有、缺乏”，与 efficiency 同为 -ence 类。 【2023·全国甲卷】 However, Carson's theme is a more weighty ___ (warn) about environmental destruction. warning 形容词 weighty 后接名词，a 提示可数单数；warn→warning。 考点三　形容词：名词/动词 → 形容词（第 64 空） ◆ 本卷真题　...the upgraded Apollo Self-Driving (ASD) intelligent driving software, based on Apollo ADFM, will be ___64___ (access) on all Ji Yue vehicle models... ◆ 本卷解析　will be 后作表语，须用形容词；access（进入；使用权）→ accessible（可获得的、可使用的）。注意拼写双 s：ac + cess + ible。 ◆ 考点精讲　口诀：系动词后、名词前 → 形容词。三条路径：① 名词/动词 + -able/-ible（access→accessible, afford→affordable, rely→reliable）；② 分词形容词化（stay closed, remain unchanged, look surprised）；③ 形容词作状语（Different from traditional fables, ... 首字母大写）。-ed 修饰人（感到……），-ing 修饰物（令人……）。高频：function→functional、remark→remarkable、meaning→meaningful、center→central、benefit→beneficial。 ◆ 真题训练（5 题，均标注来源） 来源 题目（原句节选） 答案 解析 【2024·新课标I卷】 The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective ___ (function) structure that is also beautiful. functional 修饰名词 structure，function→functional“功能性的”。 【2023·全国乙卷】 The ___ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here. remarkable 修饰名词 development；remark→remarkable“显著的”。 【2022·全国甲卷】 Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___ (meaning). meaningful make + 宾语 + 形容词作宾补；more 提示比较级形容词。 【2025·新课标II卷】 ...chickens are always free-range, and ___ (center) heating doesn't exist. central 修饰名词 heating，center→central“集中供暖”。 【2024·新课标I卷】 In cold weather, the structure stays ___ (close) to protect the plants. closed stay 为系动词，后接形容词/过去分词表状态“关闭的”；close 作形容词是“近的”，语义不符。 考点四　非谓语动词：分词作状语与定语（第 58、60、63 空） ◆ 本卷真题　...now priced at about RMB 200,000, ___58___ (mark) a more than 50% decrease from the previous generation. / The development ___60___ (support) by Apollo Go's fully autonomous Robotaxi operation network in Wuhan, is capable of managing every aspect of the Robotaxi operation. / This model enables the rapid deployment of driverless operations in new cities within six months, ___63___ (pave) the way for widespread adoption. ◆ 本卷解析　58 空：主句已完整，mark 的逻辑主语是前面“售价 20 万”整件事，主动关系 + 自然结果 → marking。60 空：development 与 support 为被动关系，且 support 后自带 by 短语，作后置定语 → supported。63 空：主句完整，pave 的逻辑主语是前面整件事，表自然而然的结果 → paving。 ◆ 考点精讲　口诀：一句一谓语，其余非谓语。三步：① 数谓语，确定空处不是谓语；② 找逻辑主语（句首名词、主句主语或前面整件事）；③ 判关系与时间——主动/进行 → doing；被动/完成 → done；目的/将来 → to do。高频：allow sb to do、enable sb to do、a message intended for、with the city keeping its carefully built system、paving the way for。注意：作结果状语时，doing 常与主句动作“自然而然地”相连，可译为“从而……”。 ◆ 真题训练（5 题，均标注来源） 来源 题目（原句节选） 答案 解析 【2023·全国甲卷】 "There was once a town in the heart of America..." her fable begins, ___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. borrowing 主句完整；逻辑主语 her fable 与 borrow 为主动关系，现在分词作伴随状语。 【2023·全国甲卷】 Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___ (intend) for everyone. intended be intended for 固定搭配，message 与 intend 为被动关系，过去分词作后置定语。 【2024·新课标I卷】 These sepals open on warm days ___ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. to give open 已作谓语，空处表目的“为了让……”，用不定式作目的状语。 【2024·新课标II卷】 Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the First Garden. inspired pavilion 与 inspire 为被动关系，过去分词短语作后置定语（= which was inspired by）。 【2023·新课标I卷】 ...have a fine skin, allowing them ___ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing. to be lifted allow sb/sth to do；them 指小笼包，与 lift 为被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。 考点五　定语从句：关系代词与关系副词（第 57 空） ◆ 本卷真题　Before that, most self-driving cars still had safety drivers inside ___57___ could take control when needed. ◆ 本卷解析　先行词 safety drivers 指人，从句缺主语，故用 who（也可用 that，但先行词被 inside 隔开、且此处为限定性从句，who 最稳）。这是典型的「分隔定语从句」：先行词与从句被介词短语 inside 分开，做题时必须回到名词判断，不能被 inside 带偏填 which。 ◆ 考点精讲　口诀：先找先行词，再看从句缺什么。缺主语/宾语 → who（人）/ which（物）/ that（人或物）；缺定语 → whose；缺状语 → where（地点）/ when（时间）/ why（原因）。三条硬规则：① 逗号后非限制性从句不用 that；② 介词后只能用 which/whom；③ 先行词为 way 时，从句缺状语用 that/in which 或省略。高频：the reason why、the place where、the extent to which、as is often the case。 ◆ 真题训练（5 题，均标注来源） 来源 题目（原句节选） 答案 解析 【2025·新课标I卷】 An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ___ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. which 逗号后非限制性从句，先行词 Go 指物，从句缺主语。 【2025·新课标II卷】 ...I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ___ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains. where 先行词 the countryside 表地点，从句成分完整，缺地点状语。 【2024·新课标II卷】 Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, ___ is known as "the Shakespeare of Asia", offer an "international" character to Stafford-upon-Avon. who 先行词 Tang Xianzu 指人，非限制性从句缺主语，只用 who。 【2024·全国甲卷】 Yellowstone was the largest United States national park... until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ___ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980. which 先行词为地名，指物，非限制性从句缺主语。 【2023·全国甲卷】 "There was once a town in the heart of America, ___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings," her fable begins. where 先行词 town 表地点，从句不缺主宾，缺地点状语。 考点六　虚词：冠词与介词（第 59、61 空） ◆ 本卷真题　...these vehicles show ___59___ shift towards fully autonomous transportation. / ...is capable of managing every aspect of the Robotaxi operation ___61___ human intervention. ◆ 本卷解析　59 空：shift 为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一种转变”，用不定冠词 a；show a shift towards“呈现出向……的转变”。61 空：human intervention 前需要介词，语义为“无需人工干预”，用 without；对比 with human intervention“有人工干预”。 ◆ 考点精讲　冠词三判：① 泛指可数单数 → a/an（看读音，不看字母：a university, an hour）；② 特指、最高级、序数词、独一无二 → the；③ 不可数名词泛指、复数泛指 → 零冠词。介词靠搭配积累：show a shift towards、without intervention、for the first time、similar to、stand as、be accessible to、at the age of。做题时先删掉介词看语义是否成立，再想固定搭配。 ◆ 真题训练（5 题，均标注来源） 来源 题目（原句节选） 答案 解析 【2024·新课标I卷】 ...by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ___ first time. the for the first time 固定搭配，序数词前用定冠词。 【2025·新课标I卷】 Go is one of ___ earliest binary-based games. the one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词，最高级前用 the。 【2022·全国甲卷】 ___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the journey. A 泛指“他的一个朋友”，friend 以辅音音素开头用 a，句首大写。 【2024·新课标II卷】 Tang's play The Peony Pavilion is similar in some ways ___ Romeo and Juliet. to be similar to 固定搭配“与……相似”。 【2024·新课标I卷】 The Glasshouse stands ___ a great achievement in contemporary design. as stand as“作为……而存在”；区分 stand for 代表、stand out 突出。 考点七　谓语动词：时态与主谓一致（第 65 空） ◆ 本卷真题　Apollo Go's service area in Wuhan now covers over 3,000 square kilometres and ___65___ (provide) over six million rides nationwide so far. ◆ 本卷解析　so far（迄今为止）是现在完成时的标志词，故用 has provided；主语 Apollo Go's service area 为单数（中心词 area，in Wuhan 只是定语），助动词用 has。本空同时考“时态 + 主谓一致”两点，是高二失分高发点。 ◆ 考点精讲　口诀：时间状语定时态，主语中心词定单复数。① so far / in the past few years / recently / up to now → 现在完成时；② by the time + 过去、before + 过去 → 过去完成时；③ every day / always / 客观事实 → 一般现在时；④ 主语后带 in/of/with 短语时，谓语跟中心词一致（the number of... 用单数，a number of... 用复数）。被动语态再看主语与动词的逻辑关系。 ◆ 真题训练（5 题，均标注来源） 来源 题目（原句节选） 答案 解析 【2024·新课标II卷】 Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___ (build) at the First Garden. was built Two years later 表过去；pavilion 与 build 为被动关系，用一般过去时被动。 【2024·新课标II卷】 Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___ (be) also Shakespeare's concerns. were 主语 Some of the things 为复数；描述过去事实，用一般过去时。 【2024·新课标I卷】 Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ___ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road. walks 主语中心词为 Garden，单数；介绍景点功能用一般现在时；walk sb through 引导某人走完。 【2023·新课标II卷】 As a little girl, I ___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. wished As a little girl 与 when I grew up 均指向过去，用一般过去时。 【2022·全国甲卷】 In the last five years, Cao ___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents. has walked In the last five years 为现在完成时标志；主语 Cao 单数用 has。 第三部分　写作：搭建思路 + 必备词汇 + 第五档范文 一、应用文：参观科技主题公园通知（满分 15 分） 【题目】假定你是某中学英语俱乐部主席李华，俱乐部计划下周六组织成员参观本市新建的科技主题公园（Science & Technology Theme Park）。请你写一则通知，邀请俱乐部成员参加。内容要点包括：1. 活动目的；2. 集合时间、地点；3. 活动相关要求。注意：1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 1. 文章搭建思路（四步走） 第①步　标题 + 首句点题　Notice 居中独占一行（不加句号）。首句用不定式开头交代目的，一句话同时给出“目的 + 事件 + 时间”：To help members experience the charm of science and technology, our English Club will organize a visit to the newly-built Science & Technology Theme Park next Saturday. 避免 I am writing to tell you... 这类冗长开头。 第②步　集合信息　第二段第一句给时间地点，动词要具体：We will gather at the school gate at 8:00 a.m. and set off by bus. 用 gather（集合）+ set off（出发）两个动作，比 meet 更符合通知文体；时间地点顺序建议“先地点后时间”或“先时间后地点”，全篇统一。 第③步　活动要求　用 be expected to 代替 must，语气礼貌又明确；三条以内，具体可执行：Everyone is expected to arrive on time, wear comfortable shoes and follow the guides during the visit. Please bring your student ID card and take notes for our follow-up discussion. 每条都落到“可检查的动作”，不写 enjoy yourselves 这类空话。 第④步　结尾 + 署名　结尾两句收束：Don't miss this chance. Looking forward to your participation. 署名固定右下角两行：English Club / Li Hua。通知不写日期时，署名即可；若题目给日期格式，按题目要求补。 2. 必备词汇与句型 【活动与目的】　organize a visit to；be scheduled for next Saturday；with the purpose of；enable members to experience；arouse our interest in science；broaden our horizons 【时间与地点】　gather at the school gate；set off by bus；arrive on time；last from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.；at the entrance of the park 【要求与提醒】　be expected to；be required to；follow the guides；stay in groups；take notes；safety first；bring your student ID card 【结尾呼吁】　Don't miss the chance.；Looking forward to your participation.；Your presence is warmly welcome.；Sign up before Friday if you are interested. 3. 第五档评分标准（13–15 分） 第五档（13–15 分）：覆盖全部内容要点（目的、时间地点、要求），格式规范（Notice 居中、署名右下）；语法结构与词汇多样且准确，仅有个别不影响理解的错误；衔接手段自然，语气符合通知文体；词数 80 左右。 第四档（10–12 分）：要点基本齐全，格式正确；有少量语法错误但不影响理解；衔接较自然。 扣分点：缺要点（如漏写“活动要求”）每处扣 2–3 分；格式错误（无 Notice、署名位置错）扣 1–2 分；词数不足 60 或超过 110 酌情扣分。 4. 第五档范文（约 85 词） Notice To help members experience the charm of science and technology, our English Club will organize a visit to the newly-built Science & Technology Theme Park next Saturday. We will gather at the school gate at 8:00 a.m. and set off by bus. Everyone is expected to arrive on time, wear comfortable shoes and follow the guides during the visit. Please bring your student ID card and take notes for our follow-up discussion. Don't miss this chance. Looking forward to your participation. English Club Li Hua 范文亮点点评 1. 黄金句（可背诵）：To help members experience the charm of science and technology, our English Club will organize a visit to... —— 不定式作目的状语置句首，一句交代“为什么 + 做什么 + 何时”，是通知类高分开头模板。 2. 动词精准：gather（集合）与 set off（出发）分开写，画面清楚；比 we will meet and go 更具体。 3. 语气得体：be expected to 表“希望大家”，比 must 柔和，符合学生社团通知的身份关系。 4. 要求可执行：arrive on time / wear comfortable shoes / follow the guides / bring your ID card / take notes，五条全部是动作，阅卷老师一眼能看到“内容要点齐全”。 5. 结尾干净：Don't miss this chance. + Looking forward to your participation. 两句共 11 词，礼貌收束不拖沓；Notice 居中、署名右下，格式分稳拿。 二、读后续写：收容所来的“不完美”的狗（满分 25 分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “我”多年来一直向父母描述理想中的狗——一只漂亮的纯种狗。父母却从动物收容所带回一只毛色杂乱、瘸着一条前腿、眼神恐惧的狗。“我”极度失望，拒绝给它取名，只叫它“the dog”，几周里对它视而不见。一个晴朗的下午，邻居家一条凶猛的狗挣脱主人，直冲“我”而来，“我”吓得僵在原地。 注意：1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 第一段开头：Just as tears began to cloud my eyes, I saw a shadow rush out. 第二段开头：Seeing my mother cover his hurt, I had mixed feelings. 1. 文章搭建思路（四步走） 第①步　承接首句，锁定“影子”　首句已给“a shadow rush out”，第一段必须立刻揭晓影子是谁——就是那只被嫌弃的狗。用短句加速：It was “the dog” — the one I had refused to name. 破折号补出“拒绝取名”的旧账，为第二段“取名”埋线。 第②步　动作链 + 受伤　护主过程写成一条清晰的动作链：shot past me → planted himself between the beast and me → bared his teeth → met it head-on → yelped as teeth sank into his hind leg → did not step back。每一步一个动词，不堆形容词；受伤要落在“后腿”，与原文“前腿瘸”区分，避免逻辑冲突。 第③步　写“mixed feelings”　第二段首句的 mixed feelings 必须拆开写：一半是心疼（his thin body trembling），一半是羞愧（Shame burned in my chest）。让母亲说一句点破的话：He has been waiting for you to look at him. 由母亲之口完成“教育”，比“我”自己顿悟更自然。 第④步　取名 + 升华　转变要有具体动作：knelt → touched his matted fur → whispered “your name is Buddy”。尾巴轻拍地面作为回应，收住情绪。最后一句议论不超过 25 词：perfection lies not in a bloodline, but in a heart that chooses you. 回扣标题“perfect dog”的伏笔，完成主题闭环。 2. 必备词汇与句型 【紧张动作】　charge at；bare one's teeth；growl；plant oneself between；stand one's ground；lunge；sink one's teeth into；drag away 【恐惧反应】　freeze to the spot；my heart pounded in my ears；my legs turned to jelly；tears clouded my eyes 【愧疚情绪】　a wave of guilt washed over me；shame burned in my chest；my throat tightened；my eyes stung 【转变升华】　it dawned on me that；from that day on；a name is a promise；perfection lies not in... but in... 3. 第五档评分标准（21–25 分） 第五档（21–25 分）：与所给首句衔接自然，两段情节逻辑自洽；伏笔回收（拒绝取名 → 取名；前腿瘸 → 后腿受伤仍护主）；人物情感有变化、有层次；词汇句式丰富（分词状语、with 复合结构、倒装或短句提速）；语法基本无误；词数 150 左右。 第四档（16–20 分）：情节完整、衔接基本合理；有一定描写但偏平；有少量语法错误。 常见失分：① 第一段写成“我打跑了猛犬”，让狗失去作用；② 第二段只写“我很感动”，没有具体动作；③ 突然出现“狗死了”式苦情结局，与原文轻松基调不符；④ 忘记回应首句中的 tears / shadow / hurt 等关键词。 4. 第五档范文（约 170 词） Just as tears began to cloud my eyes, I saw a shadow rush out. It was “the dog” — the one I had refused to name. He shot past me and planted himself between the beast and my trembling body, baring his teeth with a growl I never knew he had. The neighbour's dog lunged; he met it head-on, yelping as teeth sank into his hind leg, yet he did not step back. When the owner dragged the beast away, he collapsed at my feet, his thin body trembling. Seeing my mother cover his hurt, I had mixed feelings. She pressed a towel to his wound and murmured, “He has been waiting for you to look at him.” Shame burned in my chest. I knelt, touched his matted fur and whispered, “I'm sorry — and your name is Buddy.” His tail thumped weakly against the floor. From that day on, I stopped looking for a perfect dog: perfection lies not in a bloodline, but in a heart that chooses you. 范文亮点点评 1. 黄金句（可背诵）：He shot past me and planted himself between the beast and my trembling body, baring his teeth with a growl I never knew he had. —— 三个动作 + 现在分词伴随状语 + 省略 that 的定语从句，一句话写出“瘦弱却勇敢”的反差。 2. 伏笔回收：第一段“the one I had refused to name”与第二段“your name is Buddy”形成闭环，阅卷老师最容易给“衔接自然”加分。 3. 细节不冲突：原文写狗“前腿瘸”，续写让伤落在“后腿”，既保留残疾设定，又避免“前腿刚好又受伤”的逻辑漏洞。 4. 情绪分层：trembling（心疼）→ Shame burned（羞愧）→ knelt / whispered（行动补偿），情绪有递进，不是一句“I was moved”了事。 5. 结尾议论克制：perfection lies not in a bloodline, but in a heart that chooses you. 25 词内完成主题升华，回扣原文“pure-bred”的执念，不喊口号。 附录　客观题参考答案（依原文核定） 本卷未附官方答案，下表为依原文逐题核定，供讲评核对；第 28 题 B「Sign language users」与 D「Deaf people」均与原文相关，命题指向“使用手语的人”，取 B。 题型 题号 答案 阅读 A 21 / 22 / 23 A / B / C 阅读 B 24 / 25 / 26 / 27 C / A / B / C 阅读 C 28 / 29 / 30 / 31 B / B / C / D 阅读 D 32 / 33 / 34 / 35 B / C / D / C 七选五 36 / 37 / 38 / 39 / 40 G / C / F / B / D 完形 41–45 41 / 42 / 43 / 44 / 45 C / B / C / A / A 完形 46–50 46 / 47 / 48 / 49 / 50 D / A / B / D / C 完形 51–55 51 / 52 / 53 / 54 / 55 B / D / A / C / B 语法填空（56–65） 题号 答案 题号 答案 56 officially 61 without 57 who 62 efficiency 58 marking 63 paving 59 a 64 accessible 60 supported 65 has provided 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $