Unit 11 Conflict and Compromise Lesson 3 War Memories 重点词汇讲解 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语北师大版选择性必修第四册

XB3 U11 Lesson3 War Memories ——Miss Xie 1 Part1 Key Part-of-speech Conversion 2 1. murder n./v．谋杀；凶杀—— n.凶手—— adj. 杀人的；残忍的 2. pray v. 祈求；祈祷—— n. 祈祷；祷告 3. identification n. 身份证明—— v. 确定；认同—— n.身份；同一性；一致—— adj. 完全同样的；相同的—— adj.被识别的；经鉴定的 4. representative n. 代表；典型人物；adj. 典型的；有代表性的—— v. 代表；表现；描绘；再赠送—— n. 代表；表现 5. greet v. 问候；迎接；招呼—— n. 问候；招呼；祝贺 6. mud n. 泥；烂泥—— adj. 泥泞的；浑浊的 murderer murderous prayer identify identical identity identified represent representation greeting muddy 7. distribute v. 分发；分配；分送—— n.分发；分配；分布—— adj. 经销的；分销的—— n. 经销商；分销商 8. surgeon n. 外科医生—— n.外科手术—— adj. 外科的；手术上的 9. appreciation n. 感激；欣赏；理解—— v.欣赏；理解；感谢—— adj. 感激的 10. unconscious adj. 无知觉的；无意识的；昏迷的；未察觉的 —— adj.有意识的；注意到的—— n. 知觉；感觉；意识—— n. 昏迷；无知觉状态 11. replace v. 替代；取代—— n. 替换；更换；替换品 distribution surgery surgical appreciate conscious consciousness unconsciousness appreciative distributive distributor replacement Part2 Key Phrase 5 1. together with 2. in surprise 3. set in 4. by the look of sb. 5. be fed up to the neck with 6. came to an understanding 7. set the ball rolling 8. turn sb. off 伴随着 惊讶地 开始 从外表来看 受够了 达成共识 继续做 令我厌烦 6 general n. 将军；上将 At that time, Chinese players were     (general) considered weaker than their Japanese rivals, who had dominated the game for many years. generally adj. 全体的，总的；一般的，普遍的；通用的；（用于职位的）总……，首席的； in n. [C]一般，全体 People,  general, are less warm here and it's hard to make friends. in general   总之，通常；一般而言 7 flee v. 逃离；逃走 (P67) flee-fled-fled 他从不一见危险就跑。 He never (flee) away at the sight of danger. flees flee away 逃离 所有的动物都逃离了火场。 All the animals fled the fire. from flee (from) …逃离… 近义：escape 一看到 她与家人争吵后离家去了上海。 She fled Shanghai after an argument with her family. to flee to …逃到… flee in all directions =flee in every direction 四处逃窜 8 谣言使许多投资者感到恐慌，因而抛售股票。 Rumours panicked many investors into selling their (share). shares panic (P67) n. 惊慌；恐慌 v. （使）惊慌 panic-panicking-panicked 股份；份额 panic sb. into doing sth. 使仓皇行事；使仓促行动 她慌了起来，以为自己把入场券丢了。 She got into panic thinking that she’d lost the tickets. a get into a panic 陷入恐慌（强调动作） be in a panic 处于恐慌之中（强调状态） 三只狼把我逼到石壁前，却在恐慌中绝望地发现，那个看似能藏身的洞穴，原来只是一条死路。 Driven to the stone wall by three wolves, I found in panic that the cave which seemed to hide me was nothing but a dead end. in panic 惊慌地 be in panic/be seized with panic 惊慌失措 one’s throat tightens with horror/fear 吓得喉咙发紧 9 set in 到来；开始；流行 (P68) She set about cleaning the house. 开始做（+v.ing） Set aside some time for reading every day. Set down your thoughts on paper. We set off early in the morning. 留出；暂时不考虑 记下；写下 出发；动身；引爆 set out (to do sth.) set up set apart be set in/on/at set back set free 出发，开始 树立；创立；设立 使分开；使突出 以…为背景 阻碍；把（钟表指针）往回拨 释放；使…获得自由 She tries to set some money every month. The next morning he hired a boat and set to find the well-known painter. I have set everything that happened. The attendant has set cleaning the room. He convinced the police department to allow him to set a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parts. The popular novel is set Paris in the 19th century. aside out down about up in 11 identification (P68) n. 确认；确定；身份证明 One can not identify happiness wealth. Can you identify the man his picture? The two words are identical meaning. The woman who was on passport control asked me if I had any further (identify). The results of the two experiments are identical each other. It makes it easy (identify) a suspect. I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my (identify). with by in identification to identify identity identify sth. with sth. 认为某事物等同于 identify sb./sth. by 根据/凭借…辨认出… be identical in 在…方面一样/一致 to/with be identical to/with 和…一样；与…一致 12 unconscious (P69) adj. 无知觉的；无意识的；昏迷的；未察觉的 He injured his head and was (conscious) for one hour. unconscious They were so quiet that he was completely unconscious their presence. of be unconscious of… 未察觉…；未意识到… =be unaware of… If you are conscious your own weakness of character, you have a better chance of safeguarding against them. of be conscious of… 察觉到…；意识到… =be aware of… （2021全国二卷）This phenomenon, whereby exposure to a stimulus influences the response to a subsequent stimulus, is known as priming and is fundamental to much of our unconscious decision-making. 1. 句子类型： . 2. 主句主语是： . 3. 主句并列表语是： 和 . 4. “whereby... stimulus” 在句中充当______从句，修饰 . 5. 翻译： 。 主从复合句 This phenomenon is known as priming (is) fundamental to much of our unconscious decision-making. 定语 This phenomenon whereby=by which 这种现象，即接触一个刺激会影响对后续刺激的反应，被称为“启动效应”，并且是我们许多无意识决策的基础 13 display (P70) n. /v. 陈列；展示 Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection is display. on on display=on show=on exhibition 在展出；在展览中 She displayed her wound twelve gentlemen of the jury. to display sth. to sb. 向某人展示某物 =show sth. to sb. =exhibit sth. to sb. present our new exhibition/display display the ancient Chinese artistic genius go on display 推出新展览 展示中国古代的艺术天赋 开始展出 14 with复合结构 (P70) with复合结构指的是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，在句中常用作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语，也可作后置定语，常见形式有： With the new project (launch), the team was working overtime. With the deadline for my assignments  (approach), I still don’t know how I am going to do my history work. With the faster delivery speed  (provide) by unmanned vehicles, these products can now reach distribution centers the same day. 灯一盏接一盏地灭了，老屋终于陷入彻底的寂静，仿佛做了最后的告别。 . with+宾语+动词不定式 （表示目的或未做） with+宾语+现在分词 （表示主动或进行） with+宾语+过去分词 （表示被动或完成） to launch approaching provided With the lights out one by one, the old house finally fell into complete silence, as if it had said its last goodbye. with+宾语+副词（表示状态） 15 with复合结构 (P70) 他头枕在胳膊上睡着了。 He was asleep .  2. 他经常开着窗户睡觉。 He often sleeps . 3. 有这么多人帮助我们，我们一定能准时完成它。 , we are sure to finish it on time. 4. 他把门锁起来，工作了一下午。 All the afternoon he worked . with+宾语+介词短语（表示状态） with+宾语+形容词（表示状态） with his head on his arms with the window open With so many people to help us with the door locked 16 represent (P70) vt. 象征；代表；体现；相当于；描绘；正式提出 representative n. 代表；典型人物 adj. 典型的；有代表性的 representation n. 代表；维护；描述；描绘 The popular press tends to represent him an environmental leader. as represent sb./sth. as/to be… 把某人/物描绘成 This subject is so difficult for me. I really don’t know how to represent my difficulties you. to represent sth. to sb. 向某人正式提出；向某人清楚说明某事 You need to make sure these people are representative all people. of be representative of… 对…有代表性；可作为…的典型 distribute (P71) v. 分发；分送 Clothes and blankets (distribute) among the refugees by now after the earthquake happened. have been distributed distribute sth. among… 在…中分配某物 The money was distributed schools in this areas. to/among distribute sth. to… 把某物分给… distribute equally/evenly distribution of sth. a wide distribution of ... 平均分配 某物的分发 …广泛分布 We must distribute the same amount of money each person . to among用于三者或三者以上 18 grateful adj. 感激的；表示感谢的 (P72) gratitude n. 感激之情；感谢；感动 I’m more than grateful that time we spent. 我的感激不仅因你陪我度过漫长岁月。 for be grateful for sth. 因某事而感激 She was grateful ______ him for being so good to her. to be grateful to sb. for doing sth. 因为某事感谢某人 She seems to think I should be grateful  (have) a job at all. to have be grateful to do sth. 因做某事而感激 19 （2024年全国甲卷完形填空）My childhood is quite happy compared with hers. I am  56  that I did not need to go through the hardships like she did. A. grateful  B. surprised  C. convinced  D. regretful be grateful that…感激… [2022年北京卷应用文] 如果您能考虑我的邀请，我将不胜感激。（邀请信） I would be very grateful if you could take my invitation into account. would be grateful if… =would appreciate it if… 如果…将不胜感激 He hugged his teacher with (grateful). gratitude with gratitude 感激地 她又惊喜又感动，向我们深深鞠躬低声道谢，流下感激的泪水。（读后续写—感动情绪） Surprised and moved, she bowed low to us and murmured, “Thank you!” weeping tears of gratitude. 20 replace (P72) v. 代替；取代；替换；把…换回原处 It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them snacks. with/by replace…with/by… 用…接替 We will show a film in place our advertised programme. of in place of sb./sth. 代替某人/某物；顶替某人/某物 =in one’s place =take the place of sb. =take one’s place 21 appreciation (P73) n. 感激；感谢 I don’t appreciate (treat) like a second-class citizens. being treated appreciate + n./pron./v.ing 重视/感激… I’d appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. it I would appreciate it if… 假如…，我将不胜感激。 appreciate sb. for sth. with gratitude/appreciation   express one’s gratitude/ appreciation to ...   因某事感激某人 感激地 表达对……的感激 He is given a rise in appreciation his excellent work. of in appreciation of… 作为对…的感激 appreciate表示“感谢”时，不能接人作宾语，只能接事作宾语。 22 XB3 U11 Writing Workshop & Viewing Workshop & Reading Club 23 1. alcohol n. 含酒精饮料；酒—— adj.含酒精的；n. 酗酒者 2. harm v. 伤害；n. 损害；危害—— adj. 有害的；导致损害的； —— adj. 无害的；不会导致损伤的 3. desirable adj. 理想的；值得拥有的；值得做的—— v. 渴望；期望 4. obesity n. 肥胖（症）—— adj.肥胖的、过度肥胖的 5. tax n. 税；税款—— n. 纳税人 6. invest v. 投资—— n. 投资—— n. 投资者；投资机构 7. conclude v. 作出结论；推断出—— n. 结论；推断；结尾 8. beneficial adj. 有利的；有用的；有帮助的—— n.好处；利益 9. recovery n. 康复；痊愈；改善；回升；复苏—— v. 恢复；痊愈 10. loose adj. 松的；宽大的—— v. 变松；放松 11. approval n. 批准；通过；认可；赞成—— v. 批准；同意；赞成 alcoholic harmful harmless obese desire taxpayer investor investment conclusion benefit recover loosen approve The students are banned from (use) mobile phone during the exam. using ban sb. from (doing) sth. 禁止某人（做）某事 He started a campaign to ban (smoke) in public places smoking ban (doing) sth. 禁止（做）某事；取缔某事物 impose a ban (on sth.) lift a ban (on sth.) put a ban on…   颁布（对…的）禁令 解除（对…的）禁令 禁止… There is a ban smoking in our office. on a ban on… …的禁令 ban (P79) v./n. 禁止；取缔；禁令 25 阻止/劝阻/禁止某人（做）某事 stop sb. from (doing) sth. prevent sb. from (doing) sth. prohibit sb. from (doing) sth. forbid sb. from (doing) sth. keep sb. from (doing) sth. discourage sb. from (doing) sth. from的底层逻辑是“离开源头”，对应起点，引申义为“远离；防止；差距；不同” 26 Do you think that work without rest will do harm your health. to do/cause harm to sb./sth. 伤害… =do sb. harm =be harmful to If we interfere, it will do more harm good. than do more harm than good 利大于弊 mean no harm harm people’s health indirectly keep sb. from harm   无意伤害；没有恶意 间接危害人体健康 保护某人免受伤害 There is no harm (get) up early. getting There is no harm (in) doing sth. 做某事无害处 =It does no harm to do sth. harm (P79) v./n. 伤害；损伤 27 desirable (P80) adj. 理想的；值得拥有的；值得做的 But there’s no desire out alive, you’re a zero. I have no desire money that has been made by dishonest means. have a desire to do sth.渴望做某事 = desire to do sth. to get back have no desire for sth. 不想得到某物 have a desire for sth. 渴望某物 =desire sth. He also desired that his son be admitted by a key university, so he desired his son (work) hard at home. to work desire sb. to do…渴望/希望某人做… =desire that sb. (should) do... for 总结： 若加名词则用介词for； 若后面加动词则用to do 28 desire 后的主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用 “should + 动词原形”，should 可以省略。 类似： 一个“坚持”（insist）； 两道“命令”（order，command）； 四条“建议”（suggest，propose，advise，recommend）； 五点“要求”（demand，desire，request，require，urge）。 have a strong desire to do sth. express one’s desire follow one’s heart’s desire It is highly desirable to do sth. 迫切想要做某事 表达某人的愿望 追随内心的渴望 高度值得做某事 拓展延伸 29 bring in (P81) 赚得；引进；吸引 bring back bring about bring down bring up bring out bring forward 把…送回；归还；使想起 引起；导致 降低；减少；打垮；击败 抚养（孩子）；提出；呕吐 出版；生产；使显示；说出 提出；提前 1. His new suggestion was brought at the meeting. 2. What brought the change in his attitude? 3. The photographs brought my pleasant memories. 4. I tried to get them to bring the price of the TV set. 5. They brought new technology from abroad. 6. The teacher’s encouragement brought the students’ creativity. up about back down in out 30 Tom’s heavy-rimmed glasses invested him an air of intelligence. with invest sb./sth. with sb. 使似乎具有某种特性 He invested his spare time learning French. in invest in 购买昂贵有用的东西；投资 invest one’s time/energy/effort in doing sth. make an investment in… 投入（时间、精力等）做某事 对…投资 invest (P82) v. 投资；投入（时间、精力等） 厚边框眼镜 一种…的样子；一种…的气质 31 conclude (P82) v. 做出结论；推断出 I’ve . I can’t make a move too fast. 我已经找到了答案。一切不可求之过急。 come to this conclusion come to a conclusion 得出结论 =arrive at/draw/reach a conclusion The concert began with the national anthem and concluded a piece of soft music. with conclude sth. with/by… 以…结束某事 The scientists concluded 　    　their research that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer.   from conclude (from sth) that… (从某事中)推断出…… in conclusion 常作为总结语使用,有此用法的其他表达还有:  in short, in brief, in a word, all in all, to sum up, briefly (speaking), on the whole 等。 32 beneficial (P83) adj. 有利的；有帮助的；有用的 For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more (benefit) for health than eating first. beneficial be (very) beneficial to 对…（很）有益 =be of (great/much) benefit to In my opinion, this project is beneficial everyone. to He thought he would benefit smoking in our office. from/by B benefits from/by B. 从…中获益；得益于 =A benefits B 忍受；承受；吃得下 to可以换成介词for，但to比for更正式 33 beneficial (P83) adj. 有利的；有帮助的；有用的 （2025年全国二卷）Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers（同龄人）outside the hospital. “I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems,” says Julie Good, director of pain management services at LPCH. “It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow. ” 27. How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good?  A. It eases peer pressure.   B. It helps them live in hope.  C. It frees them from aches.   D. It entertains them with stories.  benefit sb. 对某人有益 for the benefit of sb. for one’s benefit to one’s benefit 为了某人的利益 为了某人的利益 对某人有益 34 approval (P84) n. 批准；通过；认可 （2026年全国二卷） I explained that when I was his age, I actually wanted to be a writer, but I didn’t think I quite had what it  took. The boy replied with a  48  look, “Well, you are telling us to live our dreams when you haven’t even done it yourself. Have you even  tried?”   48. A. satisfied B. guilty C. grateful D. disapproving disapprove v. 不赞成；反对 approve v. 赞成；同意；认可；批准 disapproval n. 反对；不赞成 disapproving adj. 不赞成的；反对的 approving adj. 赞成的；同意的 have what it takes to do sth. 具备做某事所需的全部条件 take v. 具备；拥有；需要 35 approval (P84) n. 批准；通过；认可 支持的 乐观的 怀疑的 冷漠的 矛盾的 钦佩的 反对的 不感兴趣的 批判的 客观的 不确定的 同情的 … supportive/favorable positive skeptical/doubtful indifferent/disinterested/uncaring ambivalent admiring opposed uninterested critical objective uncertain sympathetic … 高频态度观点类词汇： I don’t approve of your (go) out with him. going approve of (sb./sb’s ) doing sth. 同意/赞成（某人）做某事 She would never do anything that was not approved by her parents. of approve of sb./sth. 认同某人；赞成某事 表“批准”时，为及物动词： approve sth. 批准某事 give one’s approval to 某人批准 in approval 同意；赞成 meet with one’s approval 得到某人的批准 with/without one’s approval 经/未经某人的批准 36 recovery (P85) n. 康复；痊愈；改善；回升；复苏 （2022年全国一卷） Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. recover v. 回收；重新利用 （2025年全国二卷） Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. 胡的大部分学生都会恢复正常状态，这意味着帮助他们为重返校园做准备正成为护理工作中越来越重要的一部分。 recover v. 恢复正常状态 It can take many years to recover the death of a loved one. from recover from 从…中恢复过来 recover oneself make a (full) recovery 恢复正常；清醒过来；恢复健康；镇定下来 （完全）康复 37 THANK YOU 38 $