专题01 Units 1～2（期中复习讲义）九年级英语上学期新教材冀教版

专题01 Units 1~2（期中复习讲义） 01 复习目标锚定 02 核心考点精讲 03 限时分层演练 基础固本 / 综合进阶 复习目标 复习重点： 一、词汇 重点掌握：Uint1掌握健康、情绪、压力相关核心名词、形容词与动词，熟记配套固定短语；Unit2掌握人际情绪、团队活动、沟通行为类核心词汇。 二、句式 重点掌握：Uni't1情景交际、提建议、介绍健康方式的基础表达，能理解并仿写;Unit2掌握不定式作主语评价句式；make +宾语+形容词的使役句式。 三、语法 ①which引导限定性定语从句以及who/that引导的限制性定语从句（指人）区分先行词与从句成分； ②no matter what 引导让步状语从句 ③not only…but also… 结构与就近原则； ④if引导的条件状语从句 复习难点： ①which引导限定性定语从句 ②who/that引导的限制性定语从句（指人）区分先行词与从句成分 ③if引导的条件状语从句 考情规律 词汇运用：侧重关于饮食健康及沟通等具体词汇在具体语境中的选择，以及 动词短语的搭配。 核心知识思维导图 1. When Jane was ten years old, she became ill with a terrible disease which damaged her body. 简十岁的时候，患上一种严重疾病，这种疾病损伤了她的身体。 【用法详解】Which引导的定语从句 先行词要求：which 只能指代事物（物品、事情、疾病、动物等），不能指代人，故先行词为物。 本句先行词：a terrible disease（疾病，事物），which 在定语从句中充当主语。 原句拆分理解：① She became ill with a terrible disease.② The disease damaged her body. 用 which 代替 the disease，合并句子：…a terrible disease which damaged her body. Which引导的定语从句基本结构：名词 (事物) + which + 从句 【知识拓展】 ①which 作主语，不能省略。 例句：This is the wheelchair which helps Jane a lot. ②which 作宾语，可以省略。 例句：This is the wheelchair (which) Jane uses. ③限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句区别： 【易错分析】 先行词是人，不能用 which，要用 who/that； ❌ The girl which is Jane… ✅ The girl who is Jane… 【即时训练】 用 which /that 填空，没有合适词填 “/”（不填） 1.We should eat more fruit ____ is good for our body. 2.You’d better give up smoking, ____ is harmful to your lungs. 3.The junk food ____ he likes is high in sugar. 4.Regular exercise, ____ helps reduce stress, keeps us energetic. 5.The advice ____ the expert gave us is useful. 2. She has a special telephone that is hers alone.她有一部专属的电话，只属于她一个人。 【用法详解】 that是关系代词，可以指代人，也可以指代物，用来修饰前面的名词（先行词），翻译为 “…… 的”，构成限制性定语从句（无逗号）。 本句先行词：telephone（电话，事物）；that 指代 telephone，在从句中作主语，从句‘that is hers alone’用来修饰 telephone，说明是什么样的电话。 ①指代物：that = which，二者经常可以互换（无逗号，限制性从句） 例句：She has a special telephone that/which is hers alone. ②指代人：that 可以替换 who 例：The girl that is standing there is my sister. 站在那里的女孩是我妹妹。 ③只能用 that，不能用 which 的特殊情况 先行词被序数词、最高级修饰 先行词被 all, everything, nothing, something 等不定代词修饰 先行词被 the only, the very, the last 修饰 ④有逗号（非限制性定语从句），非限制性定语从句，只能用 which 指代事物。 【即时训练】 用 that /which/who 填空 1. The advice ____ the expert gave us is useful. 2. The girl ____ is energetic often does exercise. 3. The junk food, ____ is high in sugar, is bad for our health. 3. Do you know who is really disabled? People who don’t know how to keep healthy.你知道谁才是真正的残疾人吗？是那些不懂如何保持健康的人。 【用法详解】 who是关系代词，专门指代人，在限制性定语从句里作主语或宾语，翻译为 “…… 的”。 ①先行词为人，who在从句中做主语时，who 不能省略；可以和 that 互换 People who don’t know how to keep healthy.不懂如何保持健康的人。 句型转化：People that don’t know how to keep healthy.不懂如何保持健康的人。 ②先行词为人，who在从句中做宾语时，who 可以省略；可以和 that 互换 The girl (who/that) we met is energetic.我们遇见的那个女孩精力充沛。 ③非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开，补充信息）只能用 who，不能用 that。 去掉从句，主句意思依然完整；who 指代前面提到的人。 My mother, who often exercises, stays healthy.我的妈妈，经常锻炼，身体很健康。 【易混警示】 ①who：先行词是人，主 / 宾语 ②which：先行词是物 ③that：先行词人 / 物都可以，不能用于逗号后的非限制性定语从句 【巧记口诀】 ①无逗号，指人时，who、that 可互换； ②有逗号，指人时，只用 who 不用 that。 ③who 做主不可省，who 做宾可省去。 【归纳拓展】 ①先行词只能是人，如果先行词是事物，不能用 who。 ②逗号隔开的非限制性定语从句，指代人只能用 who，不能用 that。 ③who 在从句作主语时，后面从句谓语动词单复数，要和先行词保持一致。 例句：The boy who likes junk food…（先行词 the boy 单数，like 加 s） 例句：Students who like sports…（先行词 students 复数，用 like 原形） 【即时训练】 用 who /that 填空 1. The woman ____ often does exercise looks energetic. 2. The boy ____ we met yesterday knows the expert. 3. My teacher, ____ keeps healthy, advises us to sort rubbish. 4. No matter what challenges you face, look on the bright side.无论你面对什么挑战，都要看到积极的一面。 【用法详解】 ①No matter what + 陈述句语序：无论什么；不管什么。 ②同义转换 no matter what = whatever（引导让步状语从句） No matter what challenges you face = Whatever challenges you face ③no matter what 后接名词No matter what difficulties you have, never give up. （what 修饰名词 difficulties） ④no matter how + 形容词 / 副词 No matter how hard it is, don’t lose hope. 【易混警示】 ①主句与从句不能使用 but 。例句：No matter what happens, don’t worry. ②位置灵活 可放句首，也可放句中。例句： You can succeed no matter what problems you meet. ③从句永远陈述句语序，不能把助动词 / 谓语提前。例句：No matter what you will do. 无论你将要做什么。 【归纳拓展】 ①主句将来时 / 情态动词，从句用一般现在时表将来（主将从现）。例句：No matter what you meet, you must keep a good mood. ②描述过去的事情，主从句都可用过去时。例句：No matter what she did, she kept exercising.无论她做过什么，她都坚持锻炼。 【即时训练】 （1）No matter what ____ (you do / do you do), never stay up late. （2）No matter what ____ (happen / happens), we should sort rubbish. （3）____ (No matter what / Whatever) you choose, it is OK. 5. Regular exercise, like walking or jogging, not only promotes the development of your bones and muscles, but also helps manage your stress and improve your mood.散步、慢跑这类规律运动，不仅能促进骨骼和肌肉发育，还有助于调节压力、改善情绪。 【用法详解】 ①not only + A, but also + B可以连接名词、代词、形容词、动词、短语、句子。 例句：She is not only healthy, but also energetic. 她不仅身体健康，而且精力充沛。 He not only sorts rubbish, but also tells others about it. 他不仅分类垃圾，还向其他人宣传垃圾分类。 Not only you but also your sister likes sports. 不但你，你妹妹也喜欢运动。 ②主谓一致（就近原则）谓语动词的单复数，由靠近它的主语（but also 后面的主语）决定。 就近原则即看后不看前。 Not only you but also he likes doing exercise. 不但你，而且他喜欢锻炼。（靠近谓语的是 he，单数，谓语用 likes） Not only he but also we love healthy food. 不但他，我们也喜爱健康食物（靠近谓语的是 we，复数，谓语用 love） ③当 Not only 放在句首 时，not only 所在分句要部分倒装，but also 后面分句保持正常陈述语序，不倒装。 Not only does she keep healthy, but also she helps others. 她不仅保持健康，还帮助其他人。 ④but also 中的 also 可以省略，变成 not only…but…，含义不变。 He is not only clever, but (also) hard-working. 他不仅聪明，而且勤奋。 【易混警示】 ①主谓一致易错：不要看前面主语！遵循就近原则，由 but also 后的主语决定谓语。 Not only the students but also the teacher likes the activity. 不要写成 like，靠近谓语的是 the teacher 单数，用 likes。 ②倒装误区：只有 not only 置于句首才倒装；but also 后面句子永远不倒装！ Not only can we protect the environment, but also we can save resources. ③语序误区：不能拆分错位置。 not only 和 but also 分别放在两个并列成分前面。He can not only swim but also run. ④不要和 both…and… 混淆 both…and… 作主语，谓语一定用复数；not only…but also… 是就近原则。 Both you and he like sports.（谓语复数 like） Not only you but also he likes sports.（就近，likes） 【归纳拓展】 就近原则：either … or … ；neither … nor …；or ； 例句： Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer. 学生和老师都不知道答案。（靠近谓语 the teacher → knows） 就远原则：as well as；together with；along with；besides；except；but 例句：Tom, as well as his friends, likes rubbish sorting.谓语随 Tom（前面主语），不是 friends。 【即时小练】用 is /are 填空 （1）Neither you nor he ____ good at sorting rubbish. （2）Either the girls or Tom ____ coming. （3）Not only the boy but also his parents ____ healthy. 6. The student council works hard to make school more fun, more united, and more welcoming.学生会全力让校园变得更有趣、更团结、更包容。 【用法详解】make使役动词用法 ①结构：make + sb./sth. + adj.使某人 / 某物……例句：The good news makes me happy.这个好消息让我开心。 ②时态：make 会随时态、人称变化，后面结构不变（宾语 + 形容词） （1）一般现在时 The colour makes the bin clean. 这个颜色让垃圾桶看起来很干净。 （2）一般过去时（made 是 make 过去式） The exercise made him strong. 锻炼让他身体强壮。 （3）情态动词 + make Rubbish sorting can make our environment cleaner. 垃圾分类可以让我们的环境更干净。 ③否定形式：make + sb./sth. + not + 形容词，使…… 不…… The bad air makes us uncomfortable.污浊的空气让我们不舒服。 ④make + 宾语 + 形容词比较级使…… 变得更…… ⑤make sb. do sth. 使某人做……（动作，动词原形，不带 to） 【易混警示】 ①宾补要用形容词，不能用副词。The news makes me excited. ②区分 excited /exciting；make sth. exciting → 使某物令人兴奋（修饰事物） make sb. excited → 使某人感到兴奋（修饰人） 【即时小练】用括号内词的正确形式填空 （1）The good news makes me ____ (happy/happily). （2）Exercise makes us ____ (health/healthy). （3）The dirty rubbish makes me ____ (uncomfortable/uncomfortably). 7. If you have to change your plan or cancel it, let your friends know ahead of time. 如果你不得不更改或取消计划，一定要提前告知你的朋友。 【用法详解】if后跟条件状语从句 ①从句放句首：If + 从句，主句.（从句后加逗号）If you sort rubbish, you will protect the environment. ②从句放主句后面：主句 + if + 从句.（不加逗号）You will protect the environment if you sort rubbish. ③时态：主句一般将来时 / 情态动词（can/may/must/should）/ 祈使句；从句一般现在时 （1）主将：主句将来时If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go to sort rubbish.如果明天天晴，我们将会去垃圾分类。 （2）主句含情态动词If you keep healthy, you can live a better life.如果你保持健康，你就能过上更好的生活。 （3）主句是祈使句Keep healthy if you want to live long.如果你想长寿，就要保持健康。 一句话：主句将来 / 情态 / 祈使，从句一律一般现在表将来 ④从句主谓一致if 从句是一般现在时，从句谓语动词随从句主语变化 If he has free time, he will help us.如果他有空，他会帮助我们。（主语 he，三单，have→has） ⑤否定结构if 从句可以直接加 not。 If you don’t sort rubbish, it will pollute our neighbourhood.如果你不分类垃圾，它将会污染我们的社区。 ⑥同义替换（if = as long as 只要）as long as 引导条件状语从句，同样遵循主将从现。 If you exercise every day, you will be healthy.= As long as you exercise every day, you will be healthy. 只要你每天锻炼，你就会身体健康。 【易混警示】 ①时态错误：if 条件从句不能用将来时，不能写 if you will… If you keep healthy, you will… ②区分两个 if （1）条件状语从句：if = 如果，主将从现 If it rains, we will stay at home.（如果下雨，我们就待在家） （2）宾语从句：if = 是否，时态根据实际情况变化，不遵守主将从现 I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow.我不知道明天是否会下雨。（if 是否，从句可用将来时） ③不要和 when 引导时间状语从句混淆 when“当…… 时候”，同样适用主将从现；但含义不同。 【归纳拓展】 ①虚拟语气（简单了解，中考一般不深挖）：表示与现在事实相反 If I were you, I would sort rubbish. 如果我是你，我会分类垃圾。 ②主句与从句位置调换，意思不变，注意逗号。 【即时小练】用动词正确形式填空 （1）If it ____ (rain) tomorrow, we ____ (not go) to the park. （2）You ____ (keep) healthy if you ____ (exercise) every day. （3）If you ____ (sort) rubbish, you can protect the environment. 8. To her disappointment, a girl named Li Tian in her group is always absent from the group meetings. 令她失望的是，组里名叫李甜的女生总是缺席小组会议。 【用法详解】 固定结构 To one’s + 情感类名词（句首作插入语） 常用名词：surprise 惊讶、joy 开心、sadness 难过、regret 遗憾； 拓展延申：To one’s great + 名词 / Much to one’s + 名词 大大加深情绪； 例：Much to my surprise, he passed the exam. 【即时小练】 1.____, I don’t want to play sports right after meals. A. Tell you the truth B. To tell you the truth C. Telling truth D. To tell truth 基础固本练（限时：10分钟） 一、单词拼写 1．We will cook ________ (羊肉) with potatoes for dinner. 2．Second-hand smoke is ________ (有害的) to kids. 3．You should ________ (集中注意力于) the good things in life. 4．You should take this ________ (药丸) three times a day after meals. 5．He is a very ________ (精力充沛的) boy and never gets tired. 6．The boy is often ________ (缺席的) from group discussions, so he falls behind. 7．Making eye ________ (接触) is a basic skill of good listening. 8．She is ________ (满意的) with the way we solve the problem together. 9．Don’t ________ (误解) me; I don’t mean to hurt your feelings. 10．People with good skills will easily ________ (成功) in the workplace. 二、单项选择 1．The boy ________ is reading a poem under the tree is my deskmate. A．which B．who C．whose D．whom 2．I’ll never forget the people and things ________ I met in my junior high school. A．who B．what C．which D．that 3．Have you ever spoken to the people ________ live next door？ A．which B．who C．whom D．where 4．The government has built several new parks in our city, ________ has improved the environment a lot. A．that B．what C．which D．who 5．The story ________ my grandfather told me about Yang Zhenning is touching. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 6．You will make greater progress ________ you keep practising every day. A．though B．if C．unless D．before 7．We will live on a greener earth ________ we protect the environment. A．unless B．until C．if D．or 8．It’s necessary _________ to listen patiently in communication. A．learn B．learning C．to learn D．learned 9．Don’t lose heart. If you ________ hard, you will succeed some day. A．will work B．have worked C．work D．worked 10．Try on the coat and see how it looks on you. ________ it doesn’t fit, take it back and I’ll change it for you. A．If B．Because C．So D．Since 三、完成句子 1．______________ improve his English, he reads English every morning. 为了提高英语，他每天早上读英语。 2．We should ______________ to keep healthy. 我们应该养成好习惯以保持健康。 3．______________, I don’t like the food here. 说实话，我不喜欢这里的食物。 4．He ________ the meeting yesterday because he was ill. 他昨天因病缺席了会议。 5．_______________ to deal with it is to just say thank you and move on. 应对这件事最好的方法之一就是道一声谢谢，然后不再纠结。 综合进阶练（限时：20分钟） 一、完形填空 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。并将答题卡对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Communicating well plays an important role in our daily life and study. Many teenagers fail to get along well with others because they don’t know how to communicate properly. Good communication can help us build good relationships and solve problems smoothly. Last year, I had a problem with my deskmate. He used to be very friendly to me, but he suddenly became 1 and hardly talked to me. I felt confused and upset. I didn’t know what I did wrong. At first, I planned to keep silent and let things stay the same. My English teacher noticed our strange relationship. She told me that misunderstanding is common among students and we should never 2 communication. She advised me to talk with my deskmate 3 and bravely clear up the misunderstanding. I followed the teacher’s 4 . One afternoon, I took the first step to talk to my deskmate. I 5 why he was unhappy with me. Finally, I knew the truth. He thought I looked down on him because I refused to study with him several times. I explained to him patiently and told him I just needed quiet time to finish my difficult tasks. My deskmate 6 understood my situation and said he was too sensitive at that time. Since then, we have become close friends again. We often study together and 7 our feelings with each other. This special experience teaches me a deep 8 : communication is the key to close the distance between people. We should not be afraid of misunderstanding. Instead, we need to learn to communicate actively. Only in this way can we 9 better with others and make more true friends in our 10 life. 1．A．active B．quiet C．humorous D．outgoing 2．A．give up B．put up C．take up D．pick up 3．A．simply B．secretly C．sincerely D．carelessly 4．A．rule B．advice C．promise D．invention 5．A．wondered B．explained C．introduced D．reminded 6．A．finally B．completely C．recently D．naturally 7．A．compare B．exchange C．borrow D．support 8．A．story B．problem C．lesson D．method 9．A．get on B．carry on C．turn on D．depend on 10．A．terrible B．meaningless C．comfortable D．daily 二、阅读理解 There are growing facts that fast food is one of the worst parts of modern life. Studies have shown that burgers and fried chicken can cause health problems. However, fast food restaurants are still attractive. The most important reason is that their service is fast. Their staff are friendly and very smart-looking in their tidy and bright uniforms. Moreover, most fast food restaurants are near places that people often pass by. It is so easy to just grab a burger and eat on the way to work. Fast food is often so conveniently packed. Fast food restaurants are also very clean. A lot of clever ads have made them the coolest places, but none of them has ever told and will never tell you that too much fast food is not good for your health. Such attractive places are selling junk food. Isn’t it a pity? Is there a way to change the fast food restaurants into special places where you can get healthy and fresh food? As people realize the health problems that fast food causes, it is quite possible that fast food restaurants may go out of date sooner or later. Therefore, instead of saying no to fast food restaurants, a better idea may be to persuade (说服) them to change their menus! Fast food restaurants can be places to go when you want to eat something that will be good for your body. If they could combine healthy food with their speed of service and delicious tastes, that would be the next best thing on earth for people! 1．What is the most important reason for fast food restaurants being so attractive? A．The delicious food. B．The fast service. C．The friendly staff. D．The clean places. 2．What does “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Fast food restaurants. B．Clever ads. C．Burgers. D．Yummy burgers. 3．What may NOT be included in ads about fast food restaurants? A．The clean environment. B．Tasty food. C．Good service. D．Health problems. 4．Why are fast food restaurants likely to go out of date sooner or later? A．Because the ads are not clever enough to attract people. B．Because people realize fast food causes health problems. C．Because fast food restaurants don’t change their menus. D．Because fast food is not healthy or delicious any more. 5．What is the writer’s attitude towards fast food restaurants? A．Doubtful. B．Disappointed. C．Supportive. D．Unclear. 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 World Hello Day 1 (celebrate) on November 21 every year. Beginning in 1973, the day was first in response to the Yom Kippur War. And 2 then about 180 countries have taken part in this special day. Anyone can take part in the day 3 (simple) by saying hello to at least 10 people you meet! Of course they can be family members and friends, but it is better if you are brave enough to say hello to 4 (strange) on the street. Many winners of the Nobel Peace Prize are among the people who have realized World Hello Day’s value as a way of keeping 5 (peaceful) and as an occasion that 6 (make) it possible for anyone in the world to contribute to world peace. “World Hello Day aims at developing peace all over the world and 7 (remove) barriers. People around the world use the occasion of World Hello Day as a chance 8 (express) their anxiety for world peace,” an organizer said. “We can achieve a peaceful world 9 we join together. The key is communication, showing that we should try to create peace through talking instead 10 through violence!” 四、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 Now more and more people are worrying about their health. But how can we keep healthy? Different people may give different answers to this question. I think it is important to do the following. First, we should take exercise every day. Enough exercise helps us be strong and work better. That is why more and more people start different kinds of sports and exercises. In the morning, many people get up early and take exercise. Some practise running while others walk or dance to music. In the afternoon, there are also many people doing sports. Some play basketball or volleyball and others play football or table tennis. Second, have a healthy diet (日常饮食). We should not eat too much or too little for every meal. We should eat healthy food, such as all kinds of grains (谷)，green vegetables and fruits. Third, give up bad habits like smoking and drinking, because they are also bad for our health. All above are my ideas about keeping healthy. If we can follow these ways, we will become healthier and stronger. 1．Why do many people take exercise every day? 2．What healthy food should we eat according to the passage? 3．What bad habits should we give up to keep healthy? 4．What sports do people play in the afternoon? 5．How many ways does the writer tell us to keep healthy?  Which of the ways do you like best? 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 Units 1~2（期中复习讲义） 01 复习目标锚定 02 核心考点精讲 03 限时分层演练 基础固本 / 综合进阶 复习目标 复习重点： 一、词汇 重点掌握：Uint1掌握健康、情绪、压力相关核心名词、形容词与动词，熟记配套固定短语；Unit2掌握人际情绪、团队活动、沟通行为类核心词汇。 二、句式 重点掌握：Uni't1情景交际、提建议、介绍健康方式的基础表达，能理解并仿写;Unit2掌握不定式作主语评价句式；make +宾语+形容词的使役句式。 三、语法 ①which引导限定性定语从句以及who/that引导的限制性定语从句（指人）区分先行词与从句成分； ②no matter what 引导让步状语从句 ③not only…but also… 结构与就近原则； ④if引导的条件状语从句 复习难点： ①which引导限定性定语从句 ②who/that引导的限制性定语从句（指人）区分先行词与从句成分 ③if引导的条件状语从句 考情规律 词汇运用：侧重关于饮食健康及沟通等具体词汇在具体语境中的选择，以及 动词短语的搭配。 核心知识思维导图 1. When Jane was ten years old, she became ill with a terrible disease which damaged her body. 简十岁的时候，患上一种严重疾病，这种疾病损伤了她的身体。 【用法详解】Which引导的定语从句 先行词要求：which 只能指代事物（物品、事情、疾病、动物等），不能指代人，故先行词为物。 本句先行词：a terrible disease（疾病，事物），which 在定语从句中充当主语。 原句拆分理解：① She became ill with a terrible disease.② The disease damaged her body. 用 which 代替 the disease，合并句子：…a terrible disease which damaged her body. Which引导的定语从句基本结构：名词 (事物) + which + 从句 【知识拓展】 ①which 作主语，不能省略。 例句：This is the wheelchair which helps Jane a lot. ②which 作宾语，可以省略。 例句：This is the wheelchair (which) Jane uses. ③限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句区别： 【易错分析】 先行词是人，不能用 which，要用 who/that； ❌ The girl which is Jane… ✅ The girl who is Jane… 【即时训练】 用 which /that 填空，没有合适词填 “/”（不填） 1.We should eat more fruit ____ is good for our body. 2.You’d better give up smoking, ____ is harmful to your lungs. 3.The junk food ____ he likes is high in sugar. 4.Regular exercise, ____ helps reduce stress, keeps us energetic. 5.The advice ____ the expert gave us is useful. 【答案】1. which / that 解析：限制性定语从句，先行词 fruit（物），无逗号，which、that 都可以，在从句中作主语。 句意：我们应该多吃对身体有益的水果。 2. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，前面有逗号，只能用 which；which 指代前面整件事（戒烟这件事），不能用 that。 句意：你最好戒烟，吸烟对你的肺部有害。 3. which / that 解析：限制性定语从句，先行词 junk food（物），无逗号，which/that 均可，在从句作 likes 的宾语。 句意：他喜欢的垃圾食品是高糖的。 4. which 解析非限制性定语从句，逗号隔开，只能用 which，指代 regular exercise。 句意：规律运动，有助于缓解压力，能让我们精力充沛。 5. which / that / / 解析：限制性定语从句，先行词 the advice（物），关系代词在从句中作 gave 的宾语，可以省略。 句意：专家给我们的建议很有用。 2. She has a special telephone that is hers alone.她有一部专属的电话，只属于她一个人。 【用法详解】 that是关系代词，可以指代人，也可以指代物，用来修饰前面的名词（先行词），翻译为 “…… 的”，构成限制性定语从句（无逗号）。 本句先行词：telephone（电话，事物）；that 指代 telephone，在从句中作主语，从句‘that is hers alone’用来修饰 telephone，说明是什么样的电话。 ①指代物：that = which，二者经常可以互换（无逗号，限制性从句） 例句：She has a special telephone that/which is hers alone. ②指代人：that 可以替换 who 例：The girl that is standing there is my sister. 站在那里的女孩是我妹妹。 ③只能用 that，不能用 which 的特殊情况 先行词被序数词、最高级修饰 先行词被 all, everything, nothing, something 等不定代词修饰 先行词被 the only, the very, the last 修饰 ④有逗号（非限制性定语从句），非限制性定语从句，只能用 which 指代事物。 【即时训练】 用 that /which/who 填空 1. The advice ____ the expert gave us is useful. 2. The girl ____ is energetic often does exercise. 3. The junk food, ____ is high in sugar, is bad for our health. 【答案】 1. that / which / 不填/ 解析：句意：专家给我们的建议很有用。限制性定语从句，先行词 the advice（物），关系代词在从句作 gave 的宾语，可以用 that 或 which，也可以省略不填。 2.that / who 解析：句意：那个精力充沛的女孩经常锻炼身体。限制性定语从句，先行词 the girl（人），that 可以指代人，此处也可用 who；that/who 在从句中作主语。 3. which 解析：句意：垃圾食品，它是高糖的，对我们健康有害。逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句，绝对不能用 that，只能用 which，指代 junk food。 3. Do you know who is really disabled? People who don’t know how to keep healthy.你知道谁才是真正的残疾人吗？是那些不懂如何保持健康的人。 【用法详解】 who是关系代词，专门指代人，在限制性定语从句里作主语或宾语，翻译为 “…… 的”。 ①先行词为人，who在从句中做主语时，who 不能省略；可以和 that 互换 People who don’t know how to keep healthy.不懂如何保持健康的人。 句型转化：People that don’t know how to keep healthy.不懂如何保持健康的人。 ②先行词为人，who在从句中做宾语时，who 可以省略；可以和 that 互换 The girl (who/that) we met is energetic.我们遇见的那个女孩精力充沛。 ③非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开，补充信息）只能用 who，不能用 that。 去掉从句，主句意思依然完整；who 指代前面提到的人。 My mother, who often exercises, stays healthy.我的妈妈，经常锻炼，身体很健康。 【易混警示】 ①who：先行词是人，主 / 宾语 ②which：先行词是物 ③that：先行词人 / 物都可以，不能用于逗号后的非限制性定语从句 【巧记口诀】 ①无逗号，指人时，who、that 可互换； ②有逗号，指人时，只用 who 不用 that。 ③who 做主不可省，who 做宾可省去。 【归纳拓展】 ①先行词只能是人，如果先行词是事物，不能用 who。 ②逗号隔开的非限制性定语从句，指代人只能用 who，不能用 that。 ③who 在从句作主语时，后面从句谓语动词单复数，要和先行词保持一致。 例句：The boy who likes junk food…（先行词 the boy 单数，like 加 s） 例句：Students who like sports…（先行词 students 复数，用 like 原形） 【即时训练】 用 who /that 填空 1. The woman ____ often does exercise looks energetic. 2. The boy ____ we met yesterday knows the expert. 3. My teacher, ____ keeps healthy, advises us to sort rubbish. 【答案】 1. who / that 解析：句意：那个经常锻炼的女士看起来精力充沛。限制性定语从句，先行词 the woman（人），关系词在从句作主语，who 和 that 都可以，不能省略。 2.who /that/ （不填） 解析：句意：我们昨天遇见的那个男孩认识这位专家。限制性定语从句，先行词 the boy（人），关系词在从句作 met 的宾语，可用 who/that，也可以直接省略。 3. who 解析：句意：我的老师，身体很健康，建议我们进行垃圾分类。逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句，只能用 who，不能用 that。 4. No matter what challenges you face, look on the bright side.无论你面对什么挑战，都要看到积极的一面。 【用法详解】 ①No matter what + 陈述句语序：无论什么；不管什么。 ②同义转换 no matter what = whatever（引导让步状语从句） No matter what challenges you face = Whatever challenges you face ③no matter what 后接名词No matter what difficulties you have, never give up. （what 修饰名词 difficulties） ④no matter how + 形容词 / 副词 No matter how hard it is, don’t lose hope. 【易混警示】 ①主句与从句不能使用 but 。例句：No matter what happens, don’t worry. ②位置灵活 可放句首，也可放句中。例句： You can succeed no matter what problems you meet. ③从句永远陈述句语序，不能把助动词 / 谓语提前。例句：No matter what you will do. 无论你将要做什么。 【归纳拓展】 ①主句将来时 / 情态动词，从句用一般现在时表将来（主将从现）。例句：No matter what you meet, you must keep a good mood. ②描述过去的事情，主从句都可用过去时。例句：No matter what she did, she kept exercising.无论她做过什么，她都坚持锻炼。 【即时训练】 （1）No matter what ____ (you do / do you do), never stay up late. （2）No matter what ____ (happen / happens), we should sort rubbish. （3）____ (No matter what / Whatever) you choose, it is OK. 【答案】 （1）you do 解析：no matter what 后接陈述句语序，主语 you 在前，不用倒装。句意：无论你做什么，不要熬夜。 （2）happens 解析：陈述语序，what 在从句作主语，谓语用单数 happens。句意：无论发生什么，我们都要进行垃圾分类。 （3）No matter what / Whatever 解析：引导让步状语从句，二者可互换。句意：无论你选择什么，都可以。 5. Regular exercise, like walking or jogging, not only promotes the development of your bones and muscles, but also helps manage your stress and improve your mood.散步、慢跑这类规律运动，不仅能促进骨骼和肌肉发育，还有助于调节压力、改善情绪。 【用法详解】 ①not only + A, but also + B可以连接名词、代词、形容词、动词、短语、句子。 例句：She is not only healthy, but also energetic. 她不仅身体健康，而且精力充沛。 He not only sorts rubbish, but also tells others about it. 他不仅分类垃圾，还向其他人宣传垃圾分类。 Not only you but also your sister likes sports. 不但你，你妹妹也喜欢运动。 ②主谓一致（就近原则）谓语动词的单复数，由靠近它的主语（but also 后面的主语）决定。 就近原则即看后不看前。 Not only you but also he likes doing exercise. 不但你，而且他喜欢锻炼。（靠近谓语的是 he，单数，谓语用 likes） Not only he but also we love healthy food. 不但他，我们也喜爱健康食物（靠近谓语的是 we，复数，谓语用 love） ③当 Not only 放在句首 时，not only 所在分句要部分倒装，but also 后面分句保持正常陈述语序，不倒装。 Not only does she keep healthy, but also she helps others. 她不仅保持健康，还帮助其他人。 ④but also 中的 also 可以省略，变成 not only…but…，含义不变。 He is not only clever, but (also) hard-working. 他不仅聪明，而且勤奋。 【易混警示】 ①主谓一致易错：不要看前面主语！遵循就近原则，由 but also 后的主语决定谓语。 Not only the students but also the teacher likes the activity. 不要写成 like，靠近谓语的是 the teacher 单数，用 likes。 ②倒装误区：只有 not only 置于句首才倒装；but also 后面句子永远不倒装！ Not only can we protect the environment, but also we can save resources. ③语序误区：不能拆分错位置。 not only 和 but also 分别放在两个并列成分前面。He can not only swim but also run. ④不要和 both…and… 混淆 both…and… 作主语，谓语一定用复数；not only…but also… 是就近原则。 Both you and he like sports.（谓语复数 like） Not only you but also he likes sports.（就近，likes） 【归纳拓展】 就近原则：either … or … ；neither … nor …；or ； 例句： Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer. 学生和老师都不知道答案。（靠近谓语 the teacher → knows） 就远原则：as well as；together with；along with；besides；except；but 例句：Tom, as well as his friends, likes rubbish sorting.谓语随 Tom（前面主语），不是 friends。 【即时小练】用 is /are 填空 （1）Neither you nor he ____ good at sorting rubbish. （2）Either the girls or Tom ____ coming. （3）Not only the boy but also his parents ____ healthy. 【答案】 （1）is 解析：句意：你和他都不擅长垃圾分类。neither…nor… 遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的主语是 he（第三人称单数），所以用 is。 （2）is 解析：句意：要么女孩们来，要么汤姆要来。either…or… 遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的主语是 Tom（第三人称单数），所以用 is。 （3）are 解析：句意：不仅这个男孩，他的父母也很健康。not only…but also… 遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的主语是 his parents（复数），所以用 are。 6. The student council works hard to make school more fun, more united, and more welcoming.学生会全力让校园变得更有趣、更团结、更包容。 【用法详解】make使役动词用法 ①结构：make + sb./sth. + adj.使某人 / 某物……例句：The good news makes me happy.这个好消息让我开心。 ②时态：make 会随时态、人称变化，后面结构不变（宾语 + 形容词） （1）一般现在时 The colour makes the bin clean. 这个颜色让垃圾桶看起来很干净。 （2）一般过去时（made 是 make 过去式） The exercise made him strong. 锻炼让他身体强壮。 （3）情态动词 + make Rubbish sorting can make our environment cleaner. 垃圾分类可以让我们的环境更干净。 ③否定形式：make + sb./sth. + not + 形容词，使…… 不…… The bad air makes us uncomfortable.污浊的空气让我们不舒服。 ④make + 宾语 + 形容词比较级使…… 变得更…… ⑤make sb. do sth. 使某人做……（动作，动词原形，不带 to） 【易混警示】 ①宾补要用形容词，不能用副词。The news makes me excited. ②区分 excited /exciting；make sth. exciting → 使某物令人兴奋（修饰事物） make sb. excited → 使某人感到兴奋（修饰人） 【即时小练】用括号内词的正确形式填空 （1）The good news makes me ____ (happy/happily). （2）Exercise makes us ____ (health/healthy). （3）The dirty rubbish makes me ____ (uncomfortable/uncomfortably). 【答案】 （1）happy 解析：句意：这个好消息让我很开心。make + 宾语 + 形容词宾补，用形容词 happy，副词 happily 不能作宾补。 （2）healthy 解析：句意：锻炼使我们健康。需要形容词作宾补。health 是名词，healthy 形容词。 （3）uncomfortable 解析：句意：脏垃圾让我感觉不舒服。宾补用形容词。 7. If you have to change your plan or cancel it, let your friends know ahead of time. 如果你不得不更改或取消计划，一定要提前告知你的朋友。 【用法详解】if后跟条件状语从句 ①从句放句首：If + 从句，主句.（从句后加逗号）If you sort rubbish, you will protect the environment. ②从句放主句后面：主句 + if + 从句.（不加逗号）You will protect the environment if you sort rubbish. ③时态：主句一般将来时 / 情态动词（can/may/must/should）/ 祈使句；从句一般现在时 （1）主将：主句将来时If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go to sort rubbish.如果明天天晴，我们将会去垃圾分类。 （2）主句含情态动词If you keep healthy, you can live a better life.如果你保持健康，你就能过上更好的生活。 （3）主句是祈使句Keep healthy if you want to live long.如果你想长寿，就要保持健康。 一句话：主句将来 / 情态 / 祈使，从句一律一般现在表将来 ④从句主谓一致if 从句是一般现在时，从句谓语动词随从句主语变化 If he has free time, he will help us.如果他有空，他会帮助我们。（主语 he，三单，have→has） ⑤否定结构if 从句可以直接加 not。 If you don’t sort rubbish, it will pollute our neighbourhood.如果你不分类垃圾，它将会污染我们的社区。 ⑥同义替换（if = as long as 只要）as long as 引导条件状语从句，同样遵循主将从现。 If you exercise every day, you will be healthy.= As long as you exercise every day, you will be healthy. 只要你每天锻炼，你就会身体健康。 【易混警示】 ①时态错误：if 条件从句不能用将来时，不能写 if you will… If you keep healthy, you will… ②区分两个 if （1）条件状语从句：if = 如果，主将从现 If it rains, we will stay at home.（如果下雨，我们就待在家） （2）宾语从句：if = 是否，时态根据实际情况变化，不遵守主将从现 I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow.我不知道明天是否会下雨。（if 是否，从句可用将来时） ③不要和 when 引导时间状语从句混淆 when“当…… 时候”，同样适用主将从现；但含义不同。 【归纳拓展】 ①虚拟语气（简单了解，中考一般不深挖）：表示与现在事实相反 If I were you, I would sort rubbish. 如果我是你，我会分类垃圾。 ②主句与从句位置调换，意思不变，注意逗号。 【即时小练】用动词正确形式填空 （1）If it ____ (rain) tomorrow, we ____ (not go) to the park. （2）You ____ (keep) healthy if you ____ (exercise) every day. （3）If you ____ (sort) rubbish, you can protect the environment. 【答案】 （1）rains；won’t go 解析：句意：如果明天下雨，我们就不去公园。if 条件状语从句，主将从现。从句主语 it，三单 rain→rains；主句将来时否定 won’t go。 （2）will keep；exercise 解析： 句意：如果你每天锻炼，你将会保持健康。主将从现。主句将来时 will keep；从句主语 you，动词原形 exercise。 （3）sort 解析：句意：如果你分类垃圾，你可以保护环境。主句含情态动词 can，从句用一般现在时，主语 you 用原形 sort。 8. To her disappointment, a girl named Li Tian in her group is always absent from the group meetings. 令她失望的是，组里名叫李甜的女生总是缺席小组会议。 【用法详解】 固定结构 To one’s + 情感类名词（句首作插入语） 常用名词：surprise 惊讶、joy 开心、sadness 难过、regret 遗憾； 拓展延申：To one’s great + 名词 / Much to one’s + 名词 大大加深情绪； 例：Much to my surprise, he passed the exam. 【即时小练】 1.____, I don’t want to play sports right after meals. A. Tell you the truth B. To tell you the truth C. Telling truth D. To tell truth 【答案】：B 【解析】：固定短语 To tell you the truth 说实话，不定式作插入语，为固定搭配。 基础固本练（限时：10分钟） 一、单词拼写 1．We will cook ________ (羊肉) with potatoes for dinner. 【答案】mutton 【详解】句意：我们晚饭将要做土豆炖羊肉。mutton“羊肉”为不可数名词，没有复数变化，故填mutton。 2．Second-hand smoke is ________ (有害的) to kids. 【答案】harmful 【详解】句意：二手烟对孩子有害。be harmful to sb意为“对某人有害”，形容词harmful作表语。 3．You should ________ (集中注意力于) the good things in life. 【答案】focus on 【详解】句意：你应该把注意力集中在生活中美好的事物上。根据汉语提示，focus on“集中注意力于”，should为情态动词，后接动词原形。 4．You should take this ________ (药丸) three times a day after meals. 【答案】pill 【详解】句意：你应该饭后一天吃三次这个药丸。空格前指示代词this修饰名词，此处在句中作宾语，应填入名词。根据汉语提示可知pill表示“药丸”，为可数名词，前面有this，用单数形式，故填pill。 5．He is a very ________ (精力充沛的) boy and never gets tired. 【答案】energetic 【详解】句意：他是一个精力充沛的男孩，从不感到疲倦。句中“He is a very”后接形容词作定语修饰名词“boy”，“精力充沛的”对应的英文形容词为“energetic”，故填energetic。 6．The boy is often ________ (缺席的) from group discussions, so he falls behind. 【答案】absent 【详解】句意：这个男孩经常缺席小组讨论，所以他落后了。absent“缺席的”，形容词，在句中作表语，描述主语the boy的状态；固定搭配be absent from表示“缺席……”。 7．Making eye ________ (接触) is a basic skill of good listening. 【答案】contact 【详解】句意：眼神交流是良好倾听的一项基本技能。contact“接触”，名词，在句中作宾语，与“eye”构成固定短语eye contact“目光接触”。 8．She is ________ (满意的) with the way we solve the problem together. 【答案】satisfied 【详解】句意：她对我们一起解决问题的方式感到满意。根据“is”及“with”提示，需填形容词作表语，构成be satisfied with“对……满意”。satisfy的形容词形式satisfied“满意的”，描述人的感受，符合句意。 9．Don’t ________ (误解) me; I don’t mean to hurt your feelings. 【答案】misunderstand 【详解】句意：别误解我；我不是有意伤害你的感情。“误解”对应动词misunderstand，助动词Don’t后接动词原形，应填misunderstand。 10．People with good skills will easily ________ (成功) in the workplace. 【答案】succeed 【详解】句意：拥有良好技能的人在职场会轻易取得成功。空格处在情态动词will之后，需用动词原形。“成功”对应的单词为succeed。故填succeed。 二、单项选择 1．The boy ________ is reading a poem under the tree is my deskmate. A．which B．who C．whose D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在树下读诗的那个男孩是我的同桌。 which的先行词只能指代事物；who可指代人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whose表示所属关系，在从句中作定语；whom指代人，但仅能在从句中作宾语。先行词the boy指人，且从句中缺少主语，用关系代词who。 2．I’ll never forget the people and things ________ I met in my junior high school. A．who B．what C．which D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记我在初中遇到的人和事。 who先行词只能是人；what不能引导定语从句；which先行词只能是物；that先行词既可以是人，也可以是物。根据“the people and things”可知，先行词同时包含人和物时，定语从句的关系代词只能用that。 3．Have you ever spoken to the people ________ live next door？ A．which B．who C．whom D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你曾经和住在隔壁的人说过话吗？ which哪个；who谁；whom谁（宾格）；where哪里。此处为定语从句，先行词为“the people”，指人且在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句。 4．The government has built several new parks in our city, ________ has improved the environment a lot. A．that B．what C．which D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：政府在我们城市修建了几个新公园，这极大地改善了环境。 that引导限制性定语从句，不可引导非限制性定语从句；what引导名词性从句，不能引导定语从句；which引导定语从句，可引导非限制性定语从句，指代事物或前面整件事；who引导定语从句，先行词只能是人。后半句是非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事，应填which。 5．The story ________ my grandfather told me about Yang Zhenning is touching. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我爷爷告诉我的关于杨振宁的那个故事很感人。 根据句子，先行词“story”是物，且在定语从句中作“told”的宾语，因此需用指物的关系代词which。 6．You will make greater progress ________ you keep practising every day. A．though B．if C．unless D．before 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你坚持每天练习，你会取得更大的进步。 though虽然；if如果；unless除非；before在……之前。根据句意可知，后半句是前半句取得进步的条件，引导条件状语从句，应用if。 7．We will live on a greener earth ________ we protect the environment. A．unless B．until C．if D．or 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果我们保护环境，我们将会生活在一个更绿色的地球上。 unless除非；until直到；if如果；or否则。“保护环境”是“生活在更绿色的地球上”的前提条件，应填if。 8．It’s necessary _________ to listen patiently in communication. A．learn B．learning C．to learn D．learned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在交流中学会耐心倾听是很有必要的。 固定句型“It’s +形容词+to do sth.”，意为“做某事是……的”，句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，所以用to learn。 9．Don’t lose heart. If you ________ hard, you will succeed some day. A．will work B．have worked C．work D．worked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不要灰心。如果你努力工作，总有一天你会成功的。 will work将工作；have worked已经工作；work工作；worked工作了。主句“you will succeed some day”是一般将来时，遵循“主将从现”原则，if引导的条件状语从句应用一般现在时。主语是you，谓语动词用原形。 10．Try on the coat and see how it looks on you. ________ it doesn’t fit, take it back and I’ll change it for you. A．If B．Because C．So D．Since 【答案】A 【详解】句意：试穿一下这件外套，看看你穿起来怎么样。如果它不合身，把它拿回来，我给你换一件。 If如果；Because因为；So所以；Since既然/自从。根据“Try on the coat... take it back and I'll change it for you.”可知，后半句是建立在“不合身”这一假设条件上的结果，表示“如果”应用if引导条件状语从句。 三、完成句子 1．______________ improve his English, he reads English every morning. 为了提高英语，他每天早上读英语。 【答案】In order to 【详解】原句缺少关键词“为了”。中文短语“为了”表达为In order to。此处位于句首表目的，后接动词原形improve，应用动词不定式短语。故填写In order to。 2．We should ______________ to keep healthy. 我们应该养成好习惯以保持健康。 【答案】form good habits/develop good habits 【详解】原句中“养成好习惯”是关键词，表示“养成好习惯”的动词短语是form good habits/develop good habits，habits用复数形式表示泛指，情态动词should后接动词原形。 3．______________, I don’t like the food here. 说实话，我不喜欢这里的食物。 【答案】To tell the truth 【详解】原句关键词是“说实话”，表示“说实话”的英文是to tell the truth，作插入语，句首首字母大写。 4．He ________ the meeting yesterday because he was ill. 他昨天因病缺席了会议。 【答案】was absent from 【详解】原句中“缺席”是关键词，表示“缺席……”的短语是be absent from。根据时间状语yesterday可知，本句为一般过去时，主语He是单数，be动词用was。 5．_______________ to deal with it is to just say thank you and move on. 应对这件事最好的方法之一就是道一声谢谢，然后不再纠结。 【答案】One of the best ways 【详解】原句中“最好的方法之一”是关键词。固定搭配one of the best ways to do sth.，意为“做某事最好的方法之一”，位于句首首字母需大写。 综合进阶练（限时：20分钟） 一、完形填空 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。并将答题卡对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Communicating well plays an important role in our daily life and study. Many teenagers fail to get along well with others because they don’t know how to communicate properly. Good communication can help us build good relationships and solve problems smoothly. Last year, I had a problem with my deskmate. He used to be very friendly to me, but he suddenly became 1 and hardly talked to me. I felt confused and upset. I didn’t know what I did wrong. At first, I planned to keep silent and let things stay the same. My English teacher noticed our strange relationship. She told me that misunderstanding is common among students and we should never 2 communication. She advised me to talk with my deskmate 3 and bravely clear up the misunderstanding. I followed the teacher’s 4 . One afternoon, I took the first step to talk to my deskmate. I 5 why he was unhappy with me. Finally, I knew the truth. He thought I looked down on him because I refused to study with him several times. I explained to him patiently and told him I just needed quiet time to finish my difficult tasks. My deskmate 6 understood my situation and said he was too sensitive at that time. Since then, we have become close friends again. We often study together and 7 our feelings with each other. This special experience teaches me a deep 8 : communication is the key to close the distance between people. We should not be afraid of misunderstanding. Instead, we need to learn to communicate actively. Only in this way can we 9 better with others and make more true friends in our 10 life. 1．A．active B．quiet C．humorous D．outgoing 2．A．give up B．put up C．take up D．pick up 3．A．simply B．secretly C．sincerely D．carelessly 4．A．rule B．advice C．promise D．invention 5．A．wondered B．explained C．introduced D．reminded 6．A．finally B．completely C．recently D．naturally 7．A．compare B．exchange C．borrow D．support 8．A．story B．problem C．lesson D．method 9．A．get on B．carry on C．turn on D．depend on 10．A．terrible B．meaningless C．comfortable D．daily 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．D 【导语】本文讲述了沟通的重要性。作者通过与同桌产生误会并解决的经历，体会到沟通是拉近人际距离的关键，鼓励大家积极交流。 【详解】1．句意：他过去对我很友好，但突然变得沉默寡言，几乎不和我说话。 后文“hardly talked to me”说明他变得沉默寡言。quiet意为“安静的”，与友好形成反差且符合不说话的特征。 2．句意：她告诉我误解在学生中很常见，我们永远不应该放弃沟通。 根据“never...communication”及老师鼓励解决问题的态度，可知是不应放弃沟通。本句为否定句，give up意为“放弃”，符合坚持沟通的逻辑。 3．句意：她建议我真诚地和我的同桌谈谈，勇敢消除误解。 “消除误解”需要真诚的态度。sincerely意为“真诚地”，符合解决矛盾所需的态度。 4．句意：我遵循了老师的建议。 上文“She advised me...”说明此处是遵循建议。advice意为“建议”，与前文advise对应。其他选项与前文逻辑不符。 5．句意：我想知道他为什么对我不高兴。 后句“Finally, I knew the truth.”提示了此处是想知道原因。wondered意为“想知道”，体现了探究原因的过程。explained意为“解释”，需在知道真相后；introduced意为“介绍”，reminded意为“提醒”，语意不通。 6．句意：我的同桌最后理解了我的处境，说他那时太敏感了。 根据“said he was too sensitive”，可知他最后理解了误会所在。finally“最后”符合前文解释、后面最后理解的逻辑。 7．句意：我们经常一起学习，彼此交流感受。 根据“close friends”及“feelings”，可知是交流情感。exchange意为“交流”，符合朋友间分享感受的搭配。其他选项不符合朋友间互动逻辑。 8．句意：这段特殊经历给了我一个深刻的教训：沟通是拉近人与人之间距离的关键。 固定搭配：teach sb a lesson，意为“给某人一个教训”。 9．句意：只有这样我们才能与他人相处得更好并在我们的日常生活中结交更多真朋友。 根据“with others”及全文关于人际关系的主题，可知是相处。get on with是固定搭配，意为“相处”。carry on意为“继续”；turn on意为“打开”；depend on意为“依赖”，均不符合语境。 10．句意：只有这样我们才能与他人相处得更好并在我们的日常生活中结交更多真朋友。 根据文章开头“daily life and study”，可知呼应日常生活。daily意为“日常的”，符合首尾呼应的结构。 二、阅读理解 There are growing facts that fast food is one of the worst parts of modern life. Studies have shown that burgers and fried chicken can cause health problems. However, fast food restaurants are still attractive. The most important reason is that their service is fast. Their staff are friendly and very smart-looking in their tidy and bright uniforms. Moreover, most fast food restaurants are near places that people often pass by. It is so easy to just grab a burger and eat on the way to work. Fast food is often so conveniently packed. Fast food restaurants are also very clean. A lot of clever ads have made them the coolest places, but none of them has ever told and will never tell you that too much fast food is not good for your health. Such attractive places are selling junk food. Isn’t it a pity? Is there a way to change the fast food restaurants into special places where you can get healthy and fresh food? As people realize the health problems that fast food causes, it is quite possible that fast food restaurants may go out of date sooner or later. Therefore, instead of saying no to fast food restaurants, a better idea may be to persuade (说服) them to change their menus! Fast food restaurants can be places to go when you want to eat something that will be good for your body. If they could combine healthy food with their speed of service and delicious tastes, that would be the next best thing on earth for people! 1．What is the most important reason for fast food restaurants being so attractive? A．The delicious food. B．The fast service. C．The friendly staff. D．The clean places. 2．What does “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Fast food restaurants. B．Clever ads. C．Burgers. D．Yummy burgers. 3．What may NOT be included in ads about fast food restaurants? A．The clean environment. B．Tasty food. C．Good service. D．Health problems. 4．Why are fast food restaurants likely to go out of date sooner or later? A．Because the ads are not clever enough to attract people. B．Because people realize fast food causes health problems. C．Because fast food restaurants don’t change their menus. D．Because fast food is not healthy or delicious any more. 5．What is the writer’s attitude towards fast food restaurants? A．Doubtful. B．Disappointed. C．Supportive. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文介绍快餐是现代生活的产物，快餐餐厅凭借快速的服务等优势很受欢迎，但快餐不利于健康。作者提出可以劝说快餐店改良菜单，兼顾健康、美味与出餐速度。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“The most important reason is that their service is fast.”可知，快餐店吸引人最重要的原因是快速的服务，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Fast food restaurants are also very clean. A lot of clever ads have made them the coolest places”可知，此处的them指代前文的Fast food restaurants（快餐店），故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“but none of them has ever told and will never tell you that too much fast food is not good for your health.”可知，广告不会提及健康问题，故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“As people realize the health problems that fast food causes, it is quite possible that fast food restaurants may go out of date sooner or later.”可知，当人们意识到快餐带来的健康问题，快餐店迟早可能会被淘汰，故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“instead of saying no to fast food restaurants, a better idea may be to persuade (说服) them to change their menus!”以及后文希望快餐店结合健康食物、服务速度与美味，能看出作者对快餐店持支持并希望其改良的态度，故选C。 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 World Hello Day 1 (celebrate) on November 21 every year. Beginning in 1973, the day was first in response to the Yom Kippur War. And 2 then about 180 countries have taken part in this special day. Anyone can take part in the day 3 (simple) by saying hello to at least 10 people you meet! Of course they can be family members and friends, but it is better if you are brave enough to say hello to 4 (strange) on the street. Many winners of the Nobel Peace Prize are among the people who have realized World Hello Day’s value as a way of keeping 5 (peaceful) and as an occasion that 6 (make) it possible for anyone in the world to contribute to world peace. “World Hello Day aims at developing peace all over the world and 7 (remove) barriers. People around the world use the occasion of World Hello Day as a chance 8 (express) their anxiety for world peace,” an organizer said. “We can achieve a peaceful world 9 we join together. The key is communication, showing that we should try to create peace through talking instead 10 through violence!” 【答案】 1．is celebrated 2．since 3．simply 4．strangers 5．peace 6．makes 7．removing 8．to express 9．if 10．of 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍世界问候日的起源、参与方式及其传递沟通促和平的意义。 【详解】1．句意：世界问候日在每年的11月21日举行。此处主语World Hello Day和动词celebrate是被动关系，结合时间every year用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is celebrated。 2．句意：从那时起，大约有180个国家参与这个特殊的日子。固定搭配since then表示“从那以后”，常与现在完成时连用，符合语境，故填since。 3．句意：任何人都可以参与这个节日，方式很简单：向你遇到的至少10个人问好！此处修饰介词短语by saying hello，需要用副词形式，故填simply。 4．句意：他们当然可以是家人和朋友，但如果你有勇气向街上的陌生人问好，那就更好了。此处表示“街上的陌生人”，用可数名词复数表泛指，故填strangers。 5．句意：许多诺贝尔和平奖得主都认识到世界问候日的价值：它是维护和平的一种方式，也是一个能让世界上所有人都为世界和平贡献力量的契机。固定搭配keep peace表示“维护和平”，此处用名词作keep的宾语，故填peace。 6．句意：许多诺贝尔和平奖得主都认识到世界问候日的价值：它是维护和平的一种方式，也是一个能让世界上所有人都为世界和平贡献力量的契机。定语从句先行词an occasion是单数，结合语境用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填makes。 7．句意：世界问候日旨在在全世界营造和平氛围，消除隔阂。此处和developing并列作介词at的宾语，用动名词形式，故填removing。 8．句意：一位组织者说：“世界各地的人们借助世界问候日这个机会，表达他们对世界和平的期盼。” 固定搭配a chance to do sth.表示“做某事的机会”，用不定式作后置定语，故填to express。 9．句意：如果我们团结一心，就能够实现世界和平。此处可理解为条件状语“如果我们团结起来”，故填if。 10．句意：关键在于沟通，这表明我们应当通过对话谋求和平，而非诉诸暴力！固定搭配instead of表示“而不是”，故填of。 四、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 Now more and more people are worrying about their health. But how can we keep healthy? Different people may give different answers to this question. I think it is important to do the following. First, we should take exercise every day. Enough exercise helps us be strong and work better. That is why more and more people start different kinds of sports and exercises. In the morning, many people get up early and take exercise. Some practise running while others walk or dance to music. In the afternoon, there are also many people doing sports. Some play basketball or volleyball and others play football or table tennis. Second, have a healthy diet (日常饮食). We should not eat too much or too little for every meal. We should eat healthy food, such as all kinds of grains (谷)，green vegetables and fruits. Third, give up bad habits like smoking and drinking, because they are also bad for our health. All above are my ideas about keeping healthy. If we can follow these ways, we will become healthier and stronger. 1．Why do many people take exercise every day? 2．What healthy food should we eat according to the passage? 3．What bad habits should we give up to keep healthy? 4．What sports do people play in the afternoon? 5．How many ways does the writer tell us to keep healthy?  Which of the ways do you like best? 【答案】1．Because enough exercise helps them be strong and work better. 2．All kinds of grains, green vegetables and fruits. 3．Smoking and drinking. 4．They play basketball, volleyball, football or table tennis. 5．Three. I like taking exercise best. 【导语】本文介绍了保持健康的三种方法：坚持锻炼、健康饮食以及改掉烟酒的坏习惯。 【详解】1．根据原文第二段“Enough exercise helps us be strong and work better.”可推知，这就是人们每天锻炼的原因。 2．根据原文第三段“We should eat healthy food, such as all kinds of grains, green vegetables and fruits.”可推知这些是健康食物。 3．根据原文第四段“give up bad habits like smoking and drinking”可推知要戒掉抽烟喝酒的坏习惯。 4．根据原文第二段“Some play basketball or volleyball and others play football or table tennis.”可推知下午人们进行的这些运动。 5．根据文中First、Second、Third三处要点可推知一共是三种方法；后半题为开放性试题，答案不唯一，表达自己喜好，言之有理即可。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $