01 专题一 实用的构词法（主书）-【领航中考】2027年中考英语一轮总复习

参考答案 正文参考答案 第一部分　语法新归类 专题一　实用的构词法 【要点专练】 要点1　合成法 [对点专练] 1.bookstore　2.supermarket　3.birthday 4.classroom　5.online　6.strawberry 7.basketball　8.deskmate　9.handbag 10.armchair　11.website　12.homework 13.housework　14.schoolwork　15.greenhouse 16.income　17.warm⁃hearted　18.grown⁃up 19.take⁃away　20.dark⁃blue　21.hard⁃working 22.first⁃class　23.second⁃hand　 24.ten⁃year⁃old　25.indoor　26.newspaper　27.homesick　28.download 要点2　派生法 [对点专练] 1.unhappy　2.impolite　3.unhealthy 4.disagree　5.meaningful　6.scientist 7.Congratulations　8.active　9.pollution　10.happiness 要点3　转化法 [对点专练] 1.名词,梦想; 动词,梦想 2.名词,手;动词,上交 3.名词,年龄; 动词,变老 4.动词,建造; 名词,体型 5.名词,书;动词,预订 6.名词,傻子;动词,愚弄 7.名词,进步;动词,进展、进步 8.形容词,靠近的;动词,关闭 9.名词,外套;动词,包着 10.名词,变化;动词,改变、变成 要点4　缩写法&要点5　简写法 [对点专练] 1.ad, 广告 2.lab, 实验室 3.photo, 相片 4.kilo, 千克 5.Chinglish,中式英语 6.NBA,美国篮球协会 7.CBA,中国篮球协会 8.PRC,中华人民共和国 9.WHO,世界卫生组织 10.WTO,世界贸易组织 [对点微语篇练习] (一)1—5 BACBA (二)1.produce　2.importance　3.useful 4.better　5.our 【能力测试】 (一)1—5 AACBC　6—10 ABBCA (二)11.doctors　12.health　13.less 14.number　15.harmful　16.against 17.traditional　18.However　19.safely　20.eating (三)21.He is an 11⁃year⁃old boy. 22.He wants to be an inventor when he grows up. 23.If you work hard, you􀆳ll succeed/you􀆳ll be/become successful. 24.The warm⁃hearted girl always helps others/gives others a hand. 25.When she sees the children/kids reading, she will get a sense of satisfaction. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题一　实用的构词法 知识概览 要点专练 按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法被称为构词法。构词法主要有合成法、派生法、转化法、缩写法与简写法。 构词法是帮助学生识记单词、拓展词汇的重要方法之一,同时,它还是学生提高阅读能力的基础。中考考查构词法的比重不是很大,主要是考查一些派生词及合成词,但是考生了解构词法,有助于快速扩充词汇量,提高阅读能力。 要点1　合成法 把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新词。 如:名词:black+board—blackboard黑板; play+ground—playground 操场 动词:quick+charge—quick⁃charge快速充电; water+cool—water⁃cool用水冷却 形容词:heart+broken—heart⁃broken伤心的; world+famous—world⁃famous举世闻名的 其他:up+stair—upstair楼上的; out+side—outside 在外面 【对点专练】请写出以下单词。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1.书店 　　　  2.超市 　　　  3.生日 　　　  4.教室 　　　  5.线上 　　　  6.草莓 　　　  7.篮球 　　　  8.同桌 　　　  9.手提包 　　　  10.扶手椅 　　　  11.网站 　　　  12.作业 　　　  13.家务 　　　  14.学业 　　　  15.温室 　　　  16.收入 　　　  17.热心的 　　　  18.成年人 　　　  19.外带的 　　　  20.深蓝色的 　　　  21.勤劳的 　　　  22.头等的 　　　  23.二手的 　　　  24.十岁的 　　　  25.(在)室内 　　　  26.报纸 　　　  27.想家的 　　　  28.下载 　　　  要点2　派生法 通过在词根的前面或者后面加上字母组合变成一个新的单词。一般来说,前缀改变原来单词的含义,后缀改变原来单词的词性。 如:happy 高兴的—unhappy不高兴的 (前缀改变词义) happy高兴的—happiness 幸福;愉快 (后缀改变词性) 常见的前缀有un⁃, dis⁃, im⁃, in⁃, re⁃, mis⁃。 常见的后缀有⁃er, ⁃or, ⁃ess/ress, ⁃ist, ⁃ment, ⁃tion, ⁃ness, ⁃ful, ⁃tive, ⁃able。 【对点专练】请用下列所给词的正确形式填空。 1.Kate􀆳s English book was lost. She looks really 　　　　(happy).  2.It􀆳s 　　　　(polite)to talk loudly in public.   3.Eating too much sugar and chocolate is 　　　　(healthy).  4.I don􀆳t think you have got the right answer, so I 　　　　(agree)with you.   5.It􀆳s 　　　　(meaning)to visit a museum, because you can learn a lot.   6.I want to become a 　　　　(science)and I can help more people.   7.　　　　 (congratulate)to you, my dear. You􀆳ve got the first prize in the math test.   8.Judy likes to take part in different kinds of activities. She is an 　　　　(act)girl.   9.The environmental 　　　　(pollute)will be more and more serious if we do nothing.   10.If everyone works together to protect the world, then we􀆳ll have 　　　　(happy).  要点3　转化法 由一种词性变成另一种词性。有时候, 同一个单词不同词性发音不同。如: (1)She uses the water to water the flowers. 她用水来浇花。(第一个water是名词,意为“水”;第二个water是动词,意为“浇水”。) (2)She has recorded more than 20 CDs in the past 3 years. This is a new record. 她在过去的3年里录制了20多张CD。这是一项新的纪录。(第一个record是动词,意为“录制”,读音是/rɪˈkɔːrd/;第二个record是名词,意为“纪录”,读音是/ˈrekərd/。) 【对点专练】写出下列单词的词性和中文意思。 1.I always have a dream.  I dream of visiting the Great Wall one day.   2.Her hands are so dirty.   Please hand in your homework on time.   3.I was able to play basketball at the age of 5.   She wonders how people can age in a healthy way.   4.The government plans to build a new bridge across the river.   She is of medium build and has long black hair.   5.What􀆳s your favorite book?   Have you booked your ticket?   6.Today is April Fool􀆳s Day.   If so, we will be badly fooled.   7.If you study hard, you will make big progress.  China is progressing in such a rapid way.   8.Singapore is close to the equator.   Don􀆳t close the door. Your mother hasn􀆳t been back.   9.Put on your coat; it􀆳s cold outside.   The pill is coated with sugar.   10.The villagers are interested in the great changes in their hometown.   The Monkey King can change himself into different animals or objects.   要点4　缩写法 将一个比较长的单词通过截头、去尾或截头去尾的方式,变成一个简短的单词, 词义不变 。 如:截头:telephone—phone电话 airplane—plane飞机 去尾:examination—exam测试 mathematics—math数学 截头去尾:influenza—flu流感 refrigerator—fridge冰箱 又或者从两个词中各取一部分合在一起,构成一个新的单词。 如:breakfast+lunch—brunch 早午餐(早饭和午饭一起吃) situation+comedy—sitcom情景喜剧 要点5　简写法 将词组中每个词的首字母提取出来,组成一个新单词, 读的时候读字母读音。 如:very important person—VIP重要人物 United Nations—UN 联合国 【注意】有一类简写后的词可以拼在一起读, 像一个单词一样发音。 如:United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization—UNESCO /juːˈneskəʊ/ 联合国教科文组织 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries—OPEC /ˈəʊpek/ 石油输出国组织 【对点专练】写出下列单词的简写词或缩写词,并翻译为中文。 1.advertisement   2.laboratory  3.photograph　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　4.kilogram　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  5.Chinese+English　　　　　　　　　 　  6.National Basketball Association　　　　　　  7.China Basketball Association　 　　　　  8.the People􀆳s Republic of China　　　　　　  9.World Health Organization　　　　　　　  10.World Trade Organization　　　　　　　  点对微语篇练习 (一)语法选择 All around the world, families celebrate special days together. Traditions for these days are very 　1　. Some of them may 　2　 you.  In China, they say that babies are one year old when they are born. After that, all children celebrate their 　3　 on New Year􀆳s Day because that􀆳s when they grow a year older. Actually people usually 　4　 birthdays with a big family meal. The 　5　 is that the “birthday boy” or “birthday girl” should fill their mouth with as many long noodles as they can and then eat them. This is because in Chinese culture, long noodles are a symbol of long life.  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (　　)1.A.differently B.different C.difference (　　)2.A.surprise B.surprised C.surprising (　　)3.A.birth B.births C.birthdays (　　)4.A.celebrating B.celebrate C.celebration (　　)5.A.tradtion B.traditional C.traditionally (二)短文填空 invent　important　produce　we　use　good　interesting As we all know, the environment around us is getting worse and worse. Some chemical factories always pour wasted water into the rivers. And they also 　1　 terrible gas. In some places, some people even have no clean water to drink. I think we must understand the 　2　 of protecting the environment. And we must do something to help.  What should we do? We should follow the rule “Rethink, Reuse”. We may find something old and think about how to make it 　3　. For example, we may use the old clothes to make cloth bags or decorations(装饰). What􀆳s more, we􀆳d 　4　 use the old textbooks again as possible as we can. In a word, we must try 　5　 best to protect our environment. I believe we can make the world a better place to live in.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 能力测试 (一)语法选择 As of early 2025, Wang Ning, CEO of Pop Mart, became one of the richest people in Henan.　1　 he didn􀆳t build his successful business overnight.　2　 took years of hard work.  Wang studied advertising at Zhengzhou University. After he worked at　3　 internet company for a year, he wanted to start his own business. During a trip to Hong Kong, he saw a shop selling popular products. He decided 　4　 this idea to the Chinese mainland.  In 2010, he and his friends opened the first Pop Mart store in Beijing. They sold many things, but toy figures were　5　. They had problems with goods and 　6　. To solve these, Wang went to Peking University to learn business management. There, he met people who later joined his team.  After years of trying, Wang found　7　 trendy toys could help him make successful business. In 2014, he chose young people (aged 15 to 30) as his main customers. He made a brave decision: only sell blind box toys.  In recent years, Wang 　8　 more on online sales, which soon made up one⁃third of total sales. He also worked 　9　 big companies like Universal Studios and Disney. These partnerships helped Pop Mart sell toys all over the world.  Today, toys like Labubu　10　 worldwide. With passion(热情)and hard work, Wang Ning turned a small idea into a big success.  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (　　)1.A.But B.If C.Because (　　)2.A.It B.Its C.Itself (　　)3.A.the B.a C.an (　　)4 A.bring B.to bring C.bringing (　　)5.A.popular B.more popular C.the most popular (　　)6.A.workers B.worker C.workers􀆳 (　　)7.A.what B.that C.whether (　　)8.A.focuses B.has focused C.will focus (　　)9.A.for B.by C.with (　　)10.A.are loved B.is loved C.are loving (二)短文填空 health　number　safe　harmful　less　doctor fewer　for　against　tradition　however　eating China has made a plan to help its people with weight control. The plan was introduced at this year􀆳s “Two Sessions”(两会). Under the plan, there will be 　11　 working on diseases caused by obesity(肥胖症) in hospitals all over the country. They will give medical advice on how to lose weight. This shows China cares about people􀆳s 　12　.  Obesity has greatly increased in China over the past 40 years. People are eating more and exercising　13　. By 2021, more than 400 million adults were too heavy. According to a study in a medical magazine, this 　14　 will rise to 630 million by 2050.  Being heavy can be　15　 to our health. It causes many diseases. Big cities like Beijing and Shanghai have already started the fight 　16　 obesity. They use safe ways to help people lose weight. These include healthy diets and 　17　 Chinese medicine.  We can see many ways to lose weight in social media. 　18　, they can be dangerous. So China is now making medicine to help control weight 　19　.  The government is calling for the support of hotels, schools and businesses. For example, schools are teaching students about healthy　20　. In some cities, junk food isn􀆳t allowed to be sold at or near schools.  11.　　　　　　　12.　　　　　　　13.　　　　　　　14.　　　　　　　15.　　　　　  16.　　　　　　　17.　　　　　　　18.　　　　　　　19.　　　　　　　20.　　　　　  (三)翻译句子 21.他是一名11岁大的男生。   22.当他长大,他想成为一名发明家。   23.如果你努力,你就会获得成功。   24.这位热心肠的女孩总是帮助他人。   25.当她看到孩子们在阅读时,她会有一种满足感。   学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $