精品解析：湖南株洲市第一中学2026-2027学年上学期高二第一次质量检测（B）英语试题

株洲市一中2026年下期高二第一次质量检测（B） 英语 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1．What are the speakers discussing? A．A course. B．An instrument. C．A sport. 2．What is the relationship between the speakers? A．Teacher and student. B．Workmates. C．Husband and wife. 3．What time does the next plane to London leave? A．At 10: 00. B．At 11: 00. C．At 12: 00. 4．What went wrong with the woman’s presentation? A．The screen was broken. B．She forgot her laptop charger. C．Her computer ran out of battery. 5．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．The severe employment situation. B．Famous universities around the world. C．The highly competitive college admissions. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．What are the speakers talking about? A．A ship. B．A tower. C．A car park. 7．What does the man think of the plan? A．Practical. B．Reasonable. C．Impossible. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8．What attracts people to Kariba Town according to Jack? A．The beautiful scenery. B．The job opportunities. C．The interesting wildlife. 9．What can tourists do in Lake Kariba? A．Go fishing. B．Go boating. C．Go swimming. 10．Why do people in Kariba Town usually stay indoors after work? A．To stay with their family. B．To avoid attacks from bad men. C．To let animals do some activities. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Friends. B．Fellow passengers. C．Air hostess and passenger. 12．Why does the man go to France? A．For sightseeing. B．For shopping. C．For business. 13．Where does the woman come from? A．The Netherlands. B．Britain. C．Thailand. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．How long did Roger Federer’s professional career last? A．14 years. B．17 years. C．24 years. 15．What happened to Federer in the 2017 Australian Open? A．He got a sudden knee injury. B．He had a hard-fought victory. C．He faced a series of losses. 16．Which of the following best describes Federer? A．Determined. B．Kind-hearted C．Humorous. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 17．What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Colleagues. B．Neighbors. C．Friends. 18．When did the man begin to work? A．In 2008. B．In 2014. C．In 2016. 19．What do we know about the woman? A．She is busy. B．She lived here for 10 years. C．She moved here due to her job. 20．What does the man think of the woman? A．She is busy. B．She is dishonest. C．She appears younger. 第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分) 第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed. Each pair of students meets three times throughout the term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective. Students who successfully complete the programme will receive one credit each. Requirements for completion: •One welcoming session on the second Friday of the term •18 weekly one-hour pair meetings •Weekly progress reports for all pair meetings •At least three pair-teacher meetings •One five-minute final video Sign up! The sign-up and registration process is as follows: •Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning. •Based on the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified. •Proficiency (熟练) levels are confirmed through coursework or placement tests. •Once a pair has been determined to be suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme. Reminders: Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and participate. Pairs are matched by languages of interest and proficiency levels. Since there are many factors involved in the pairing process, not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme. 1. In the programme, students will _________. A. chair daily meetings B. evaluate the exchange C. meet teachers each week D. practise their language skills 2. To complete the programme, students are required to _________. A. development tests B. participate in pair meetings C. welcome new students D. work on weekly videos 3. What do students need to do during the registration? A. Indicate their languages of interest. B. Select their own coursework. C. Make individual contact. D. Choose their partners. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一项语言交流项目的基本情况以及它的要求、报名和注册流程以及注意事项的相关信息。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed.(语言交流项目让学生们两人一组，每周用他们希望分享和学习的两种不同的语言进行交流。学生们在每次搭档会议后记录简短的条目，指出所练习的语言技能和讨论的主题)”可知，在这个项目中，学生们将练习他们的语言技能。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Requirements for completion部分第二点“18 weekly one-hour pair meetings(每周18次一小时的配对会议)”可知，为了完成该项目，学生们被要求参加配对会议。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Sign up部分第一点“Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning.(学生们报名参加并表明他们可以分享的语言以及他们有兴趣学习的语言)”可知，学生们在注册期间需要表明他们感兴趣的语言。故选A。 B Mr. Dawson was known throughout the town as a bitter old grouch (老顽固). Children whispered warnings to one another: never step into his yard, not even to pick up a fallen apple, or he might chase you off with his dreaded ball bullet gun. The stories about his temper kept everyone at a distance. One Friday evening, 12-year-old Janet was on her way to stay overnight at her friend Amy’s house. As they approached Dawson’s property, Janet tensed up. There he was, sitting on his porch with his usual scowl (愁容). She immediately suggested crossing to the other side of the street, but Amy just laughed and told her not to worry. To Janet’s astonishment, as they neared the doorway, Dawson’s expression softened. When he recognized Amy, his frown melted into a warm smile. “Hello, Miss Amy,” he greeted, his voice surprisingly gentle. “I see you’ve brought a friend today.” Amy cheerfully introduced Janet, explaining their sleepover plans. Dawson nodded approvingly, then reached into a nearby basket and handed each girl a shiny red apple from his prized tree. After leaving Mr. Dawson’s house, Amy said that when she first walked by his house, Dawson had indeed seemed frightening. But her grandmother had given her a piece of advice: “Pretend he’s wearing an invisible smile, and smile back at him.” At first, Dawson barely responded, but over time, he began returning her smiles. Eventually, he even started greeting her and offering apples. “An invisible smile?” Janet repeated, puzzled. “Yes,” Amy said. “My grandma told me smiles are contagious. If you act like someone is kind, sometimes they become kind.” 4. Why did the children always stay away from Mr. Dawson’s yard? A. Because they are afraid of Mr. Dawson’s bad temper and his bullet gun. B. Because they believe Mr. Dawson will call the police. C. Because Mr. Dawson’s yard is dangerous. D. Because Mr. Dawson has told them stories to scare them away. 5. The underlined word “contagious” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A. Difficult to control B. Likely to spread from one person to another C. Easy to notice D. Something that causes sadness 6. Which of the following statement is NOT True according to the passage? A. Mr. Dawson began to greet Amy because she apologized for being afraid of him B. Mr. Dawson is initially seen as unfriendly and scary. C. Amy’s kindness helped change Mr. Dawson’s attitude toward her. D. Mr. Dawson eventually gave apples to Amy and Janet. 7. What’s the main idea of this passage? A. People should not judge others based on first impressions B. It is important to avoid people who seem unfriendly. C. Children should always listen to warnings from adults. D. Kindness and patience can change people for the better. 【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了艾米用善意改变道森先生态度并传递温暖的故事。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Children whispered warnings to one another: never step into his yard, not even to pick up a fallen apple, or he might chase you off with his dreaded ball bullet gun. The stories about his temper kept everyone at a distance.(孩子们互相低声警告：千万不要踏进他的院子，哪怕是去捡一个掉落的苹果，否则他可能会用他那把可怕的子弹枪把你赶走。关于他脾气暴躁的故事让所有人都对他敬而远之。)”可知，孩子们总是远离道森先生的院子是因为他们害怕道森先生的坏脾气和他的子弹枪。故选A。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“If you act like someone is kind, sometimes they become kind.(如果你表现得好像某人很善良，有时他们就会变得善良。)”可知，艾米的奶奶告诉她微笑是可以传染的，如果你表现得好像某人很善良，有时他们就会变得善良，由此可推测出contagious意为“可能会从一个人传播到另一个人”。故选B。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“After leaving Mr. Dawson’s house, Amy said that when she first walked by his house, Dawson had indeed seemed frightening. But her grandmother had given her a piece of advice: “Pretend he’s wearing an invisible smile, and smile back at him.” At first, Dawson barely responded, but over time, he began returning her smiles. Eventually, he even started greeting her and offering apples.(离开道森家后，埃米告诉珍妮特，自己第一次路过他家时，也觉得他特别吓人。但奶奶给过她一个建议：“假装他戴着一个看不见的微笑，然后对他微笑。”起初，道森几乎没有回应，但随着时间的推移，他开始回以微笑。最终，他甚至开始向她打招呼，并送苹果给她。)”可知，道森先生一开始对艾米并不友好，但是艾米按照奶奶的建议，假装道森先生有一个看不见的微笑，并对他微笑，最终道森先生开始回以微笑，并向她打招呼，送苹果给她，而不是因为艾米为害怕他而道歉，所以A选项错误。故选A。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了道森先生一开始被认为是一个脾气暴躁、不友好的人，但是艾米通过假装他有一个看不见的微笑，并对他微笑，最终改变了道森先生对她的态度，道森先生开始向她打招呼，并送苹果给她，甚至后来还送苹果给艾米和珍妮特，由此可推测出文章的主旨是善良和耐心可以让人变得更好。故选D。 C Philosophers have a bad reputation for expressing themselves in a dry and boring way. The ideals for most philosophical writing are precision, clarity, and the sort of conceptual analysis that leaves no hair un-split. There is nothing wrong with clarity, precision, and the like-but this isn’t the only way to do philosophy. Outside academic journals, abstract philosophical ideas are often expressed through literature, cinema, and song. There’s nothing that grabs attention like a good story, and there are some great philosophical stories that delight and engage, rather than putting the reader to sleep. One of the great things about this is that, unlike formal philosophy, which tries to be very clear, stories don’t wear their meanings on their sleeve— they require interpretation, and often express conflicting ideas for the reader to wrestle with. Consider what philosophers call the metaphysics (形而上学) of race—an area of philosophy that explores the question of whether or not race is real. There are three main positions that you can take on these questions. You might think that a person’s race is written in their genes (a position known as “biological realism”). Or you might think of race as socially real, like days of the week or currencies (“social constructionism”). Finally, you might think that races are unreal— that they’re more like leprechauns (一种魔法精灵) than they are like Thursdays or dollars (“anti-realism”). A great example of a story taking on race is George S. Schuyler’s novel Black No More. In the book, a Black scientist named Crookman invents a procedure that makes Black people visually indistinguishable from Whites. Thousands of African Americans flock to Crookman’s Black No More clinics and pay him their hard-earned cash to undergo the procedure. White racists can no longer distinguish those people who are “really” White from those who merely appear to be White. In a final episode, Crookman discovers that new Whites are actually a whiter shade of pale than those who were born that way, which kicks off a trend of sunbathing to darken one’s skin— darkening it so as to look more White. Philosophically rich stories like this bring more technical works to life. They are stories to think with. 8. What is the impression formal philosophy leaves on people according to Paragraph 1? A. Dull. B. Engaging. C. Thought-provoking. D. Depressing. 9. Which is the distinction of philosophical stories? A. They give precise conceptual analysis. B. They interpret ideas formally and clearly. C. They seldom express conflicting ideas. D. They stimulate interest and critical thinking. 10. Which category might “Black No More” in Paragraph 5 fall into? A. Racial issues caused by skin colors. B. A society view on race and self-image. C. Black people accepted by the white society. D. The origin of sunbathing among white people. 11. What is the best title for the text? A. Stories Made Easy B. Positions in Philosophy C. Stories to Think with D. Nature of Philosophical Writing 【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了“非学术场景中，哲学思想可通过故事传递，且故事更易吸引读者”这一观点。这类故事通过引人入胜的情节吸引读者关注，不直白呈现观点，而是需要读者解读并思考其中的矛盾思想，最终让抽象的哲学概念变得生动易懂，成为“可供思考的故事”。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Philosophers have a bad reputation for expressing themselves in a dry and boring way.(哲学家们向来以表达方式枯燥乏味而饱受诟病。)”可知，哲学给人的印象是无趣的。故选A项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“There’s nothing that grabs attention like a good story, and there are some great philosophical stories that delight and engage, rather than putting the reader to sleep.没有什么比一个精彩的故事更能吸引人的注意力了，而且有一些很棒的哲学故事能够令人愉悦并引起共鸣，而不是让读者昏昏欲睡。)”提到哲学故事能吸引注意并令人愉悦且参与其中；第三段“One of the great things about this is that, unlike formal philosophy, which tries to be very clear, stories don't wear their meanings on their sleeve—they require interpretation, and often express conflicting ideas for the reader to wrestle with.(这其中最重要的一点是，与形式哲学不同的是，故事并不会把自己的意思挂在明面上——它们需要解释，而且常常表达出相互矛盾的观点，让读者纠结。)”强调故事需要解读并包含矛盾观点供读者思考。因此推知，哲学故事的独特之处在于激发兴趣与批判性思考。故选D项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。通过阅读第五段内容对于“Black No More”的概述，结合关键句“In the book, a Black scientist named Crookman invents a procedure that makes Black people visually indistinguishable from Whites. Thousands of African Americans flock to Crookman’s Black No More clinics ... White racists can no longer distinguish those people who are ‘really’ White from those who merely appear to be White… which kicks off a trend of sunbathing to darken one's skin—darkening it so as to look more White.(在这本书中，一位名叫Crookman的黑人科学家发明了一种能让黑人从外表上看不出与白人区别的手术。成千上万的非裔美国人涌向Crookman的“黑人不复存在”诊所……白人种族主义者再也无法区分那些“真正”的白人和那些只是看起来像白人的人……这引发了一股晒黑皮肤的潮流——晒黑皮肤以使自己看起来更像真正的白人。)”可知，小说中“黑人通过手术变白人”，“白人种族主义者无法区分”，“新白人晒黑皮肤”等情节，讲述了“种族是外表肤色建构的”和“通过改变自我形象（肤色）适应社会”的社会观，应是属于“关于种族与自我形象的社会观念”。故选B项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读文章内容可知，文章最后一段内容为主旨，“Philosophically rich stories like this bring more technical works to life. They are stories to think with.(像这样富有哲理的故事能让那些技术性作品变得更加生动。它们是供人们思考的故事。)”，即，文章主要介绍了哲学的抽象而复杂的理念往往是通过一个个有趣的小故事的形式体现的，它会启发读者思考，所以C项“Stories to Think with (可供思考的故事)”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。 D The Himalayan wolf and snow leopard are top predators (捕食者) in alpine ecosystems. Across the diverse landscapes of the Asian highlands, herding (放牧) communities exhibit varying attitudes toward snow leopards and wolves. Although snow leopards cause greater livestock loss, these communities generally show greater tolerance and acceptance toward snow leopards. This illustrates the predator paradox, where the more damaging predator is contradictorily more tolerated. Attitudes toward snow leopards and wolves in the Himalayas are shaped by factors like religion and culture. Snow leopards hold significant cultural and spiritual value, especially in Buddhism. Local folk tales boost snow leopards’ awe, portraying them as holy beings linked to spiritual beliefs of the communities. In contrast to the awe for snow leopards, wolves are widely disliked and feared. This negative view stems from folklore, where wolves are portrayed as sly (狡猾的) and merciless predators. These tales shape public view, fostering hostility (敌意) and fear toward wolves. Conservation efforts in the Himalayas primarily concentrate on snow leopards, often overlooking other sympatric carnivores (食肉动物), like wolves. Consequently, programs for population monitoring, habitat preservation, and livestock insurance mainly benefit snow leopards, leaving wolves with minimal attention or resources. Additionally, key policy documents prioritize snow leopard conservation efforts, neglecting the ecological significance of wolves. This mistake slows down carnivore protection and makes local communities feel bitter toward wolves. Interestingly, this difference exists despite both snow leopard and Himalayan wolf being globally classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Both snow leopards and wolves are crucial to the Himalayan ecosystem, but conservation has overwhelmingly favored snow leopards. This imbalance in attention and resources worsens the challenges faced by wolves, highlighting the need for a balanced approach to conserve both species effectively. 12. What phenomenon does the “predator paradox” describe in paragraph 1? A. Top predators always cause livestock loss. B. More harmful predators are more accepted locally. C. Locals tolerate different top predators equally. D. Conservation focuses on more tolerated predators. 13. How do Himalayan herding communities view wolves? A. As sacred Buddhist beings. B. As tricky, fearsome hunters. C. Less threatening than snow leopards. D. As necessary contributors to the ecosystem. 14. What effect may the overlook of wolf conservation have? A. It puts snow leopards in danger. B. It worsens locals’ bitterness of wolves. C. It improves the alpine ecosystem balance. D. It slows the protection of carnivores overall. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why Protect Snow Leopards More? B. Who’s More Tolerated? C. How to Save Wolves? D. Where’s the Balance? 【答案】12. B 13. B 14. D 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出喜马拉雅地区的放牧社区对雪豹和狼存在态度差异，雪豹更受包容，而狼常被忽视，文章强调需平衡保护两者，以维护当地生态系统的稳定。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Although snow leopards cause greater livestock loss, these communities generally show greater tolerance and acceptance toward snow leopards. This illustrates the predator paradox, where the more damaging predator is contradictorily more tolerated.(尽管雪豹造成了更大的牲畜损失，但这些社区对雪豹却普遍表现出更大的容忍和接纳态度。这体现了“捕食者悖论”，即更具破坏性的捕食者反而更易得到容忍。)”可知，“捕食者悖论”描述的是尽管雪豹对牲畜造成的损失更大，但这些社区对雪豹却表现出更大的容忍和接受度，即更有害的捕食者在当地却更受欢迎，故选B项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“In contrast to the awe for snow leopards, wolves are widely disliked and feared. This negative view stems from folklore, where wolves are portrayed as sly (狡猾的) and merciless predators.(与人们对雪豹的敬畏之情形成鲜明对比的是，狼普遍遭到厌恶和惧怕。这种负面看法源于民间传说，在这些故事中，狼被描绘成狡猾且无情的捕食者。)”可知，喜马拉雅的放牧社区将狼视为狡猾、可怕的猎手，故选B项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Additionally, key policy documents prioritize snow leopard conservation efforts, neglecting the ecological significance of wolves. This mistake slows down carnivore protection and makes local communities feel bitter toward wolves.(此外，关键的政策文件将雪豹保护工作置于优先地位，却忽视了狼的生态重要性。这一失误减缓了食肉动物的保护进程，并引发了当地社区对狼的怨恨。)”可知，忽视狼的保护会减缓食肉动物的整体保护进程，故选D项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Both snow leopards and wolves are crucial to the Himalayan ecosystem, but conservation has overwhelmingly favored snow leopards. This imbalance in attention and resources worsens the challenges faced by wolves, highlighting the need for a balanced approach to conserve both species effectively.(雪豹和狼对喜马拉雅生态系统而言都至关重要，但保护工作却绝大多数都倾向于雪豹。这种关注和资源分配上的不平衡加剧了狼所面临的挑战，凸显出需要采取平衡的方法来有效保护这两个物种。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了雪豹和狼在喜马拉雅生态系统中的重要性，以及保护工作中存在的失衡问题，强调需要采取平衡的方法来有效保护这两个物种，因此D项“Where’s the Balance?(平衡在哪里？)”适合作为文章的标题。故选D。 第二节(共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Thirst is one of the fundamental urges an organism can have. After all, water is the substance that we rely on to transport essential molecules (分子) and other particles around our bodies to keep us alive. ____16____ Shouldn’t we have developed a taste for this essential substance? ____17____ Several new studies seem to show not only that water does, in fact, have a taste, but that we might have taste buds (味蕾) that respond directly to it. We now know that there are at least five basic tastes: salty, sour, sweet, bitter and umami. ____18____ Researchers have sought to solve the issue once and for all. They’ve figured out an experiment that seeks to identify any water-sensing taste receptor cells (TRCs) on the tongues of lab mice. The team first used a technique known as genetic knockout to silence different types of TRCs, in order to remove the possibility that those cells might accidentally discover some other taste within the water besides the water itself. ____19____ It turned out that the acid-sensing sour TRCs were still firing actively, indicating these cells might have a double purpose, capable of distinguishing water or acidic fluids. So if you’re on the side of the debate that argues that water is flavorless, you might still be correct. ____20____ The study also opens up the possibility that our tongues and taste buds might be doing more than merely providing us with a sense of taste. If this study doesn’t prove that water is the sixth flavor, it might still be the first evidence of a whole other sense entirely: a water sense. A. Well, perhaps we have. B. Actually, we have a sixth taste for water. C. Our taste buds are tied to a flavor of water. D. So it’s perhaps a bit doubtful that water doesn’t seem to have any flavor. E. But water isn’t senseless, at least it doesn’t appear that way according to this research. F. They then washed their mouths with water to see if any cells were still responding. G. If there is a sixth taste for water exists, then there should be evidence somewhere in the mouth or tongue. 【答案】16. D 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们通常认为平时喝的水是没有味道的，但几项新的研究表明似乎水具有某种味道，至少是可以被人感觉到的。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Thirst is one of the fundamental urges an organism can have. After all, water is the substance that we rely on to transport essential molecules (分子) and other particles around our bodies to keep us alive.(口渴是生物体可能产生的最基本的需求之一。毕竟，水是我们赖以在体内运输各种重要分子和粒子以维持生命所必需的物质)”以及后文“Shouldn’t we have developed a taste for this essential substance?(我们难道不该对这种必需物质产生味觉吗？)”可知，前文强调“水对生命至关重要，口渴是基本欲望”，后文以反问“我们难道不该对这种必需物质产生味觉吗”承接。选项D“因此，水似乎没有任何味道这件事可能有点令人怀疑”既总结前文“水的重要性”，又通过“怀疑”引出后文对“水是否有味道”的探讨，形成因果逻辑，衔接自然。故选D。 【17题详解】 根据后文“Several new studies seem to show not only that water does, in fact, have a taste, but that we might have taste buds (味蕾) that respond directly to it.(几项新的研究似乎表明，水确实具有自身的味道，而且我们的味蕾或许还能直接对水的味道做出反应)”以及前文用反问句提出“是否该对水有味觉”，后文则给出研究结论“水确实有味道，且可能有感知水的味蕾”。选项A“嗯，或许我们已经有这种味觉了”直接回应前文反问，用“或许”呼应研究结论的探索性，起到“承上启下”的过渡作用。故选A。 【18题详解】 根据上文“We now know that there are at least five basic tastes: salty, sour, sweet, bitter and umami.(我们现在知道，至少存在五种基本的味道：咸味、酸味、甜味、苦味和鲜味)”以及后文“Researchers have sought to solve the issue once and for all. They’ve figured out an experiment that seeks to identify any water-sensing taste receptor cells (TRCs) on the tongues of lab mice.(研究人员一直试图彻底解决这个问题。他们设计了一个实验，旨在找出实验鼠舌头上的任何能感知水分的味觉受体细胞（TRC）)”可知，前文提到“已知至少五种基本味觉”，后文转而描述“研究人员通过实验寻找小鼠舌头上感知水的味觉受体细胞”。选项G“如果存在第六种‘水味’，那么在口腔或舌头上某处应该有证据”衔接“五种味觉”与“寻找水味证据”，为后文实验的目的做铺垫，逻辑连贯。故选G。 【19题详解】 根据上文“The team first used a technique known as genetic knockout to silence different types of TRCs, in order to remove the possibility that those cells might accidentally discover some other taste within the water besides the water itself.(该团队首先采用了名为“基因敲除”的技术来抑制不同类型的味觉受体细胞，以排除这些细胞可能意外地在水中发现除水本身之外的其他味道的可能性)”以及后文“It turned out that the acid-sensing sour TRCs were still firing actively, indicating these cells might have a double purpose, capable of distinguishing water or acidic fluids.(结果表明，能够感知酸味的酸敏感味觉受体细胞仍在活跃地工作，这表明这些细胞可能具有双重功能，既能辨别水，也能辨别酸性液体)”可知，前文介绍实验第一步“用基因敲除技术沉默不同味觉受体细胞”，后文则呈现结果“感知酸味的细胞仍活跃，可能兼具感知水的功能”。选项F“然后他们用水漱口，观察是否有细胞仍在反应”承接前文“沉默细胞”的操作，描述实验第二步，符合“先处理细胞→再测试反应”的实验流程，衔接实验步骤与结果。故选F。 【20题详解】 根据上文“So if you’re on the side of the debate that argues that water is flavorless, you might still be correct.(所以，如果你站在那种认为水没有味道的观点那一方，那么你或许还是正确的)”以及后文“The study also opens up the possibility that our tongues and taste buds might be doing more than merely providing us with a sense of taste. If this study doesn’t prove that water is the sixth flavor, it might still be the first evidence of a whole other sense entirely: a water sense.(这项研究还提出了一种可能性，即我们的舌头和味蕾的功能可能远不止是让我们感受到味道。即便这项研究无法证实水是第六种味道，它仍可能是首个揭示出一种全新感官存在的证据：一种与水相关的独特感知)”可知，前文认可“认为水无味可能正确”，后文则转折指出“研究揭示味蕾可能不仅负责味觉，还可能存在‘水觉’”。选项E“但水并非无法感知，至少根据这项研究来看并非如此”用“但”形成转折，既不否定前文观点，又引出后文“水可被感知”的新发现，符合上下文逻辑。故选E。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分) 第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分) 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 On March 17, scientists reported finding the earliest echoes of the Big Bang. The long-sought evidence supports the idea that the universe inflated in a(n) ____21____ . A scientific theory, called inflation, held that during the first trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second after the Big Bang, the universe grew ____22____ faster than the speed of light. It soon stretched out farther than any telescope can see. Astronomers first introduced the theory of inflation more than 30 years ago. Since then, it has become an important part of the ____23____ for how the universe began. Inflation helps answer some questions raised by the Big Bang, such as why the universe looks the same in every direction. Inflation probably has ____24____everything out. It’s just like what happens when blowing up a party balloon. ____25____ scientists couldn’t be sure that inflation happened, for they lacked solid evidence. The new discovery provides the needed evidence, identifying the long-lasting effects of inflation on the ____26____ light in the universe. Scientists cannot travel back to the Big Bang, an event lost to the deep past of 13.8 billion years. Yet, the universe itself is a time capsule. According to inflation theory, the Big Bang sent waves spreading through the fabric of spacetime, preserving clues that scientists can still ____27____ today. Known as “gravitational waves”, they would ____28____ squeeze (压缩) and stretch the fabric of space. So their passage should have left a(n) ____29____ on the farthest reaches of the known universe. Scientists had sought those characteristic marks. For their search, the scientists used a telescope called BICEP2 at the South Pole. The region’s cold, dry and ____30____ air is perfect for observing deep into space — and back into time. For 50 years, scientists have known that energy in the form of microwave radiation ____31____ long after the Big Bang. ____32____, the telescope detects tiny particles of light that carry this microwave signal. John Kovac, a Harvard Associate Professor of Astronomy and Physics, led the new search for the Big Bang’s echoes. His large team will continue to ____33____ their data. They want to make sure their results didn’t arise from a problem in the telescope or some ____34____ in their analysis. For now, many scientists are excited by the news. ____35____of gravitational waves offers new opportunities for scientists to test more ideas about the nature of the universe, thus opening up a whole new window. 21. A. period B. flash C. term D. interval 22. A. upward B. downward C. inward D. outward 23. A. explanation B. reflection C. description D. prediction 24. A. spilt B. smoothed C. cast D. wiped 25. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Instead 26. A. oldest B. brightest C. purest D. gentlest 27. A. overlook B. project C. decode D. clarify 28. A. relatively B. randomly C. alternately D. instantly 29. A. symbol B. mark C. object D. evidence 30. A. harsh B. thick C. stable D. fresh 31. A. expands B. endures C. emerges D. fades 32. A. For instance B. By contrast C. As a result D. In particular 33. A. go over B. account for C. back up D. refer to 34. A. failures B. errors C. weaknesses D. contradictions 35. A. Approval B. Publication C. Awareness D. Confirmation 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了科学家发现大爆炸早期回声，佐证宇宙暴胀理论。该发现通过探测引力波痕迹实现，团队将复核数据，为探索宇宙本质开辟新方向。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一长期寻找的证据支持了这样一个观点：宇宙是在一瞬间迅速膨胀起来的。A. period时期；B. flash瞬间，闪光；C. term学期；D. interval间隔。根据后文“during the first trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second after the Big Bang”可知，宇宙是在一瞬间迅速膨胀起来的。in a flash表示“瞬间；立刻”。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：有一种名为“暴胀理论”的科学理论认为，在大爆炸发生后的10的负36次方秒这一瞬间，宇宙的向外扩张速度超过了光速。A. upward向上；B. downward向下；C. inward向内；D. outward向外。根据上文“the universe inflated”可知，对应宇宙从奇点向外扩张的物理过程应用outward。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：自此之后，它便成为了关于宇宙起源的解释中不可或缺的一部分。A. explanation解释；B. reflection反射；C. description描述；D. prediction预测。根据后文“for how the universe began”可知，暴胀理论是对宇宙起源的科学阐释，搭配for how the universe began最合理。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：暴胀或许已经使一切趋于平稳了。A. spilt洒出；B. smoothed弄平滑；C. cast投射；D. wiped擦去。根据上文“Inflation helps answer some questions raised by the Big Bang, such as why the universe looks the same in every direction.(暴胀有助于解答“大爆炸”理论所引发的一些问题，比如为何宇宙在各个方向看起来都是一样的)”可知，宇宙暴胀让物质分布趋于均匀。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，科学家们无法确定这种膨胀现象是否真的存在，因为他们缺乏确凿的证据。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. However然而；D. Instead反而。前文讲暴胀理论的作用，后文讲“科学家无法确定暴胀是否发生，因为缺乏确凿证据”，是转折关系，用however。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一新发现提供了所需证据，揭示了暴胀对宇宙中最古老光线所产生的长期影响。A. oldest最老的；B. brightest最亮的；C. purest最纯的；D. gentlest最温和的。根据后文“Scientists cannot travel back to the Big Bang, an event lost to the deep past of 13.8 billion years.(科学家无法回到宇宙大爆炸之时，因为那是一段早已远去的138亿年前的久远过去)”可知，宇宙大爆炸遗留的光（微波背景辐射）是宇宙中最古老的光，故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据宇宙膨胀理论，大爆炸时产生的波在时空结构中传播开来，留下了可供科学家至今解读的线索。A. overlook忽视；B. project预计；C. decode破译，解读；D. clarify澄清。根据上文“According to inflation theory, the Big Bang sent waves spreading through the fabric of spacetime, preserving clues that scientists can still”可知，科学家从时空波中解读宇宙起源的线索。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：被称为“引力波”的现象，会周期性地挤压和拉伸空间的结构。A. relatively相当地；B. randomly随机地；C. alternately交替地；D. instantly立即。根据后文“squeeze and stretch the fabric of space”可知，引力波的作用方式是交替挤压，拉伸时空，故选C。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以他们的航行应该会在已知宇宙的最遥远区域留下痕迹。A. symbol象征；B. mark标记，痕迹；C. object物体；D. evidence证据。根据后文“sought those characteristic marks”可知，此处指在已知宇宙的最遥远区域留下痕迹。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该地区的寒冷、干燥且稳定的空气条件非常适合进行太空观测——以及对过去时光的追溯观测。A. harsh恶劣的；B. thick厚的；C. stable稳定的；D. fresh新鲜的。根据后文“air is perfect for observing deep into space”可知，稳定的大气能减少观测干扰，是天文观测选址的关键条件。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：50年来，科学家们一直知道，在大爆炸之后，以微波辐射形式存在的能量会持续存在很长时间。A. expands扩大；B. endures持续；C. emerges出现；D. fades消失。根据上文“For 50 years, scientists have known that energy in the form of microwave radiation”可知，微波背景辐射是大爆炸的残留能量，至今仍存在，即持续。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：特别是，该望远镜能够探测到携带这种微波信号的极微小的光粒子。A. For instance例如；B. By contrast相比之下；C. As a result因此；D. In particular特别。前文讲微波辐射的存在，后文讲“望远镜探测到携带这种微波信号的光粒子”，是强调具体观测对象，In particular符合语境。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的庞大团队将继续仔细审查他们的数据。A. go over仔细检查，复核；B. account for解释；C. back up支持；D. refer to参考。根据后文“They want to make sure their results didn’t arise from a problem in the telescope or some ____ in their analysis.”可知，团队将继续仔细审查他们的数据。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们想要确保这些结果并非是由于望远镜出现故障或是分析过程中存在错误所致。A. failures失败；B. errors偏差，错误；C. weaknesses弱点；D. contradictions矛盾。根据上文“They want to make sure their results didn’t arise from a problem in the telescope or some”可知，科学分析中可能出现的偏差，故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：引力波的确认为科学家们提供了新的契机，使他们能够检验更多关于宇宙本质的理论，从而开辟了一个全新的领域。A. Approval赞成；B. Publication出版；C. Awareness意识；D. Confirmation确认。根据上文“The long-sought evidence”可知，对应前文“新发现提供了暴胀理论的证据”，即证实了引力波的存在。故选D。 第二节(共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Why Fairy Tales Are Really Powerful Tales When people think of fairy tales, they usually imagine pretty princesses, brave princes and happy endings. Yet if we look back to the earliest versions of these stories, we discover that fairy tales ____36____ (never mean) to be only sweet or child-friendly. In fact, they were originally serious and full of challenges. The fear and danger in these tales were not accidental — they carried moral, social, and even psychological meaning. In the past, life was full of risks: diseases, hunger, and poverty. Folk stories reflected that world. In Hansel and Gretel, two children are abandoned and almost captured by a witch (女巫), ____37____ reminds us that cleverness and courage are needed for survival. In Little Red Riding Hood, the wolf’s attack teaches young listeners not to trust strangers. Behind every tense scene, there ____38____ (stand) a warning about real human behavior. Psychologists later pointed out that such stories help children face their inner worries. Bruno Bettelheim, a well-known scholar, suggested that fairy tales ____39____ (allow) the mind to deal safely with emotions like jealousy, loneliness, and loss. The deep parts of the story, ____40____ (act) like a mirror, help readers understand the hidden corners of their own hearts. Modern versions have softened these tales, replacing danger with beauty and loss with happy endings. But deep down, the original fear is ____41____ gave fairy tales their power. Without fear, their lessons lose depth. ____42____ (shape) by facing imaginary monsters, readers learn how to face real-life challenges. In the end, ____43____ they reflect the truth of human experience, fairy tales are really powerful tales. They remind us that ____44____ reaching‌ “happily ever after,” every hero or heroine still has to walk through the forest of uncertainty — and it is the journey through that darkness that makes the ending worth ____45____ (remember). 【答案】36. were never meant 37. which 38. stands##stood 39. allow##should allow 40. acting 41. what 42. Shaped##Having been shaped 43. because##as##since 44. before 45. remembering 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了童话故事的真正力量，指出其原始版本严肃且充满挑战，蕴含道德、社会和心理意义，能帮助孩子面对内心恐惧和现实挑战，强调了恐惧在童话故事中的重要性。 【36题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：然而，如果我们回顾这些故事最早的版本，我们会发现童话故事从来都不是为了只表达甜蜜或适合儿童。mean(打算，意欲)是谓语动词，与主语fairy tales之间是被动关系，结合句意和“the earliest versions of these stories”可知，讲述过去的事实，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词也应用复数形式were meant；加入否定副词never构成否定。故填were never meant。 【37题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在《韩塞尔与葛雷特》中，两个孩子被遗弃，差点被女巫抓住，这提醒我们，生存需要聪明和勇气。“__2__ reminds us that cleverness and courage are needed for survival”是非限制性定语从句，修饰上文整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 【38题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在每一个紧张的场景背后，都有一个关于人类真实行为的警告。stand(比喻义：存在，出现)是there be句型中谓语动词，可看作描述一般性事实，用一般现在时态，主语warning是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，也可看作描述过去的情况，用一般过去时态。故填stands/stood。 【39题详解】 考查虚拟语气。句意：著名学者布鲁诺·贝特尔海姆(Bruno Bettelheim)提出，童话故事允许大脑安全地处理嫉妒、孤独和失落等情绪。suggest(建议，提出)后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词使用“should+动词原形”形式，should可以省略。故填allow/should allow。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：故事的深层部分就像一面镜子，帮助读者了解自己内心隐藏的角落。“__5__ (act) like a mirror”作后置定语，act(像)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语The deep parts of the story之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填acting。 【41题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：但在内心深处，最初的恐惧才是赋予童话力量的东西。“__6__ gave fairy tales their power”是表语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“(赋予童话力量的)东西”，应用连接代词what引导该从句。故填what。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：通过面对想象中的怪物而形成(性格)，读者学会如何面对现实生活中的挑战。“__7__ (shape) by facing imaginary monsters”作状语，shape(塑造)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语readers之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动；也可看作shape发生在谓语动词learn之前，用现在分词的完成被动式；句首单词首字母大写。故填Shaped/Having been shaped。 【43题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：最后，因为童话故事反映了人类经验的真相，所以它们真的是很有力量的故事。结合句意，“__8__ they reflect the truth of human experience”是原因状语从句，用从属连词because/as/since引导该从句，意为“因为”。故填because/as/since。 【44题详解】 考查介词。句意：他们提醒我们，在达到“从此幸福快乐”之前，每一位英雄或女英雄仍然必须穿过不确定的森林——正是穿越黑暗的旅程让结局值得铭记。根据句意，表示“在……之前”应用介词before，构成介词短语作时间状语。故填before。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们提醒我们，在达到“从此幸福快乐”之前，每一位英雄或女英雄仍然必须穿过不确定的森林——正是穿越黑暗的旅程让结局值得铭记。worth doing是固定搭配，意为“值得被……”，用动名词作宾语，主动表被动。故填remembering。 第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 你校英语报“Teen Voice”栏目围绕漫画“Parents’ Wish, Society’s Trend, My Own Dream”展开征稿，请你根据以下漫画写一篇文章投稿，内容包括： (1)你的选择； (2)你的理由。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Possible Version 1: My Dream, My Compass Faced with parents’ wish, society’s trend and my own dream, I firmly choose to pursue my lifelong dream of being a writer. Following personal passion isn’t selfish; it fuels lasting motivation that no external push can match. Writing lets me express true thoughts and connect with others deeply, which feels more meaningful than chasing trends or meeting others’ expectations. While I respect my parents’ hopes and acknowledge societal needs, only doing what I love brings genuine fulfillment. I’ll strive to balance dreams with reality, turning passion into a career that enriches both my life and the world around me. Possible Version 2: Choosing a Path with Purpose Faced with the three directions shown in the cartoon — parents’ wish, society’s trend, and my own dream—my choice would be to follow society’s trend. Some may argue that pursuing one’s own dream is the only way to true happiness. However, I believe that aligning with societal trends does not mean giving up personal ambition. Instead, it means understanding the needs of the world and finding where one can contribute meaningfully. Many of today’s most rewarding careers — in fields like green technology, digital innovation, and public health — are also society’s current directions. By choosing such a path, I can ensure that my work has real value and relevance. This choice is not about blindly following the crowd, but about thoughtfully connecting my abilities with broader needs. In this way, I can build a stable future while still growing personally and making a tangible difference in the world. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生根据以下漫画“Parents’ Wish, Society’s Trend, My Own Dream”写一篇文章投稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 坚定地：firmly→resolutely 追求：pursue→chase         热情：passion→enthusiasm        表达：express→convey        2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Faced with parents’ wish, society’s trend and my own dream, I firmly choose to pursue my lifelong dream of being a writer. 拓展句：When I am faced with my parents’ wish, society’s trend and my own dream, I firmly choose to pursue my lifelong dream of being a writer. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Writing lets me express true thoughts and connect with others deeply, which feels more meaningful than chasing trends or meeting others’ expectations.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）  【高分句型2】While I respect my parents’ hopes and acknowledge societal needs, only doing what I love brings genuine fulfillment.（运用了while引导的让步状语从句和what引导的宾语从句） 第二节(25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Last winter, I volunteered at a local community center that offered free teaching and after-school activities for children from families that have less money and fewer opportunities. At first, I wasn’t sure what to expect. The children seemed shy, some struggling with basic reading or math skills. I felt nervous, wondering if I could really help them. During the first few days, I focused on simple tasks: reading stories aloud, helping with homework, and encouraging them when they got answers right. Gradually, I noticed small changes — a child who had never smiled before now laughed at jokes, another who was hesitant to speak out loud started asking questions confidently. However, not everything went smoothly. One boy, Tom, was especially headstrong and refused to follow instructions. He often interrupted lessons, played jokes on younger children, and sometimes even walked out angrily. At first, I felt frustrated and unsure how to reach him. Once after he stormed off, I came to him and said, “I know you’re not being difficult — want to tell me what’s bothering you?” He stared at his shoes. silent, but didn’t walk away. That small moment felt like a crack (缝隙) in his wall — he still didn’t open up, but he didn’t push me away either. One afternoon, the center organized a small talent show. Many children were excited but Tom refused to participate. Some volunteers wanted to pressure him, but I decided to give him space while offering encouragement. Slowly, he agreed to recite a short poem. Watching him stand on the stage and finish without quitting, I felt a deep sense of relief and pride. The applause from the children made me realize patience and understanding can solve problems far better than force. I also saw how important it was to create more opportunities for children like Tom to explore their talents and feel supported. Tom himself seemed a little more confident and willing to try new things, which gave me an idea for the next step in my volunteering work. 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I knew I had to do more for Tom and the other children. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tom changed clearly over the weeks. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I knew I had to do more for Tom and the other children. I talked to the center’s staff and proposed setting up a weekly “expression corner”, where kids could share poems, drawings or stories freely without pressure. I prepared simple props and invited Tom first, telling him it was just a small gathering with no strict rules. He hesitated but nodded slightly. To my surprise, he brought a hand-drawn picture of his family and shared it softly with the group, which won warm cheers. Tom changed clearly over the weeks. He stopped interrupting lessons and even helped younger children with their homework. He actively participated in every expression corner, sometimes reciting poems, sometimes leading small games. His shyness faded, and a bright smile often appeared on his face. Seeing him grow from a rebellious boy to a caring and confident one, I understood that love and patience are the best gifts for these children. My volunteering experience also taught me that small efforts can light up their world. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在社区中心做志愿者的经历。从一开始的紧张，作者逐渐帮助害羞的孩子获得自信。然而，汤姆，一个叛逆的男孩，很难控制。在作者耐心地鼓励他在才艺表演上背诵一首诗之后，汤姆开始敞开心扉了。受到启发，作者创造了一个“表达角”，让孩子们自由分享。随着时间的推移，汤姆变成了一个乐于助人、自信的孩子。这段经历告诉作者，爱、耐心和小小的努力可以积极地改变孩子们的生活。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我知道我必须为汤姆和其他孩子做更多的事情。”可知，第一段可描写作者提议创办一个“表达角”以及邀请汤姆参与此活动的过程。 ②由第二段首句内容“汤姆在这几个星期里变化明显。”可知，第二段可描写汤姆做出的改变以及作者的感悟。 2.续写线索：为汤姆和其他孩子做更多的事情——提议创办一个“表达角”——邀请汤姆参与此活动——汤姆变化明显——具体的改变——作者感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①创办：set up/found/establish ②参加：participate in/get involved in ③明白，意识到：understand/be aware of 情绪类 ①惊讶：surprise/ amazement ②积极地：actively/ positively 【点睛】 [高分句型1]. To my surprise, he brought a hand-drawn picture of his family and shared it softly with the group, which won warm cheers.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2]. Seeing him grow from a rebellious boy to a caring and confident one, I understood that love and patience are the best gifts for these children.（运用了现在分词Seeing作状语，that引导宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 株洲市一中2026年下期高二第一次质量检测（B） 英语 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1．What are the speakers discussing? A．A course. B．An instrument. C．A sport. 2．What is the relationship between the speakers? A．Teacher and student. B．Workmates. C．Husband and wife. 3．What time does the next plane to London leave? A．At 10: 00. B．At 11: 00. C．At 12: 00. 4．What went wrong with the woman’s presentation? A．The screen was broken. B．She forgot her laptop charger. C．Her computer ran out of battery. 5．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．The severe employment situation. B．Famous universities around the world. C．The highly competitive college admissions. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．What are the speakers talking about? A．A ship. B．A tower. C．A car park. 7．What does the man think of the plan? A．Practical. B．Reasonable. C．Impossible. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8．What attracts people to Kariba Town according to Jack? A．The beautiful scenery. B．The job opportunities. C．The interesting wildlife. 9．What can tourists do in Lake Kariba? A．Go fishing. B．Go boating. C．Go swimming. 10．Why do people in Kariba Town usually stay indoors after work? A．To stay with their family. B．To avoid attacks from bad men. C．To let animals do some activities. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Friends. B．Fellow passengers. C．Air hostess and passenger. 12．Why does the man go to France? A．For sightseeing. B．For shopping. C．For business. 13．Where does the woman come from? A．The Netherlands. B．Britain. C．Thailand. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．How long did Roger Federer’s professional career last? A．14 years. B．17 years. C．24 years. 15．What happened to Federer in the 2017 Australian Open? A．He got a sudden knee injury. B．He had a hard-fought victory. C．He faced a series of losses. 16．Which of the following best describes Federer? A．Determined. B．Kind-hearted C．Humorous. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 17．What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Colleagues. B．Neighbors. C．Friends. 18．When did the man begin to work? A．In 2008. B．In 2014. C．In 2016. 19．What do we know about the woman? A．She is busy. B．She lived here for 10 years. C．She moved here due to her job. 20．What does the man think of the woman? A．She is busy. B．She is dishonest. C．She appears younger. 第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分) 第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed. Each pair of students meets three times throughout the term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective. Students who successfully complete the programme will receive one credit each. Requirements for completion: •One welcoming session on the second Friday of the term •18 weekly one-hour pair meetings •Weekly progress reports for all pair meetings •At least three pair-teacher meetings •One five-minute final video Sign up! The sign-up and registration process is as follows: •Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning. •Based on the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified. •Proficiency (熟练) levels are confirmed through coursework or placement tests. •Once a pair has been determined to be suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme. Reminders: Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and participate. Pairs are matched by languages of interest and proficiency levels. Since there are many factors involved in the pairing process, not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme. 1. In the programme, students will _________. A. chair daily meetings B. evaluate the exchange C. meet teachers each week D. practise their language skills 2. To complete the programme, students are required to _________. A. development tests B. participate in pair meetings C. welcome new students D. work on weekly videos 3. What do students need to do during the registration? A. Indicate their languages of interest. B. Select their own coursework. C. Make individual contact. D. Choose their partners. B Mr. Dawson was known throughout the town as a bitter old grouch (老顽固). Children whispered warnings to one another: never step into his yard, not even to pick up a fallen apple, or he might chase you off with his dreaded ball bullet gun. The stories about his temper kept everyone at a distance. One Friday evening, 12-year-old Janet was on her way to stay overnight at her friend Amy’s house. As they approached Dawson’s property, Janet tensed up. There he was, sitting on his porch with his usual scowl (愁容). She immediately suggested crossing to the other side of the street, but Amy just laughed and told her not to worry. To Janet’s astonishment, as they neared the doorway, Dawson’s expression softened. When he recognized Amy, his frown melted into a warm smile. “Hello, Miss Amy,” he greeted, his voice surprisingly gentle. “I see you’ve brought a friend today.” Amy cheerfully introduced Janet, explaining their sleepover plans. Dawson nodded approvingly, then reached into a nearby basket and handed each girl a shiny red apple from his prized tree. After leaving Mr. Dawson’s house, Amy said that when she first walked by his house, Dawson had indeed seemed frightening. But her grandmother had given her a piece of advice: “Pretend he’s wearing an invisible smile, and smile back at him.” At first, Dawson barely responded, but over time, he began returning her smiles. Eventually, he even started greeting her and offering apples. “An invisible smile?” Janet repeated, puzzled. “Yes,” Amy said. “My grandma told me smiles are contagious. If you act like someone is kind, sometimes they become kind.” 4. Why did the children always stay away from Mr. Dawson’s yard? A. Because they are afraid of Mr. Dawson’s bad temper and his bullet gun. B. Because they believe Mr. Dawson will call the police. C. Because Mr. Dawson’s yard is dangerous. D. Because Mr. Dawson has told them stories to scare them away. 5. The underlined word “contagious” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A. Difficult to control B. Likely to spread from one person to another C. Easy to notice D. Something that causes sadness 6. Which of the following statement is NOT True according to the passage? A. Mr. Dawson began to greet Amy because she apologized for being afraid of him B. Mr. Dawson is initially seen as unfriendly and scary. C. Amy’s kindness helped change Mr. Dawson’s attitude toward her. D. Mr. Dawson eventually gave apples to Amy and Janet. 7. What’s the main idea of this passage? A. People should not judge others based on first impressions B. It is important to avoid people who seem unfriendly. C. Children should always listen to warnings from adults. D. Kindness and patience can change people for the better. C Philosophers have a bad reputation for expressing themselves in a dry and boring way. The ideals for most philosophical writing are precision, clarity, and the sort of conceptual analysis that leaves no hair un-split. There is nothing wrong with clarity, precision, and the like-but this isn’t the only way to do philosophy. Outside academic journals, abstract philosophical ideas are often expressed through literature, cinema, and song. There’s nothing that grabs attention like a good story, and there are some great philosophical stories that delight and engage, rather than putting the reader to sleep. One of the great things about this is that, unlike formal philosophy, which tries to be very clear, stories don’t wear their meanings on their sleeve— they require interpretation, and often express conflicting ideas for the reader to wrestle with. Consider what philosophers call the metaphysics (形而上学) of race—an area of philosophy that explores the question of whether or not race is real. There are three main positions that you can take on these questions. You might think that a person’s race is written in their genes (a position known as “biological realism”). Or you might think of race as socially real, like days of the week or currencies (“social constructionism”). Finally, you might think that races are unreal— that they’re more like leprechauns (一种魔法精灵) than they are like Thursdays or dollars (“anti-realism”). A great example of a story taking on race is George S. Schuyler’s novel Black No More. In the book, a Black scientist named Crookman invents a procedure that makes Black people visually indistinguishable from Whites. Thousands of African Americans flock to Crookman’s Black No More clinics and pay him their hard-earned cash to undergo the procedure. White racists can no longer distinguish those people who are “really” White from those who merely appear to be White. In a final episode, Crookman discovers that new Whites are actually a whiter shade of pale than those who were born that way, which kicks off a trend of sunbathing to darken one’s skin— darkening it so as to look more White. Philosophically rich stories like this bring more technical works to life. They are stories to think with. 8. What is the impression formal philosophy leaves on people according to Paragraph 1? A. Dull. B. Engaging. C. Thought-provoking. D. Depressing. 9. Which is the distinction of philosophical stories? A. They give precise conceptual analysis. B. They interpret ideas formally and clearly. C. They seldom express conflicting ideas. D. They stimulate interest and critical thinking. 10. Which category might “Black No More” in Paragraph 5 fall into? A. Racial issues caused by skin colors. B. A society view on race and self-image. C. Black people accepted by the white society. D. The origin of sunbathing among white people. 11. What is the best title for the text? A. Stories Made Easy B. Positions in Philosophy C. Stories to Think with D. Nature of Philosophical Writing D The Himalayan wolf and snow leopard are top predators (捕食者) in alpine ecosystems. Across the diverse landscapes of the Asian highlands, herding (放牧) communities exhibit varying attitudes toward snow leopards and wolves. Although snow leopards cause greater livestock loss, these communities generally show greater tolerance and acceptance toward snow leopards. This illustrates the predator paradox, where the more damaging predator is contradictorily more tolerated. Attitudes toward snow leopards and wolves in the Himalayas are shaped by factors like religion and culture. Snow leopards hold significant cultural and spiritual value, especially in Buddhism. Local folk tales boost snow leopards’ awe, portraying them as holy beings linked to spiritual beliefs of the communities. In contrast to the awe for snow leopards, wolves are widely disliked and feared. This negative view stems from folklore, where wolves are portrayed as sly (狡猾的) and merciless predators. These tales shape public view, fostering hostility (敌意) and fear toward wolves. Conservation efforts in the Himalayas primarily concentrate on snow leopards, often overlooking other sympatric carnivores (食肉动物), like wolves. Consequently, programs for population monitoring, habitat preservation, and livestock insurance mainly benefit snow leopards, leaving wolves with minimal attention or resources. Additionally, key policy documents prioritize snow leopard conservation efforts, neglecting the ecological significance of wolves. This mistake slows down carnivore protection and makes local communities feel bitter toward wolves. Interestingly, this difference exists despite both snow leopard and Himalayan wolf being globally classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Both snow leopards and wolves are crucial to the Himalayan ecosystem, but conservation has overwhelmingly favored snow leopards. This imbalance in attention and resources worsens the challenges faced by wolves, highlighting the need for a balanced approach to conserve both species effectively. 12. What phenomenon does the “predator paradox” describe in paragraph 1? A. Top predators always cause livestock loss. B. More harmful predators are more accepted locally. C. Locals tolerate different top predators equally. D. Conservation focuses on more tolerated predators. 13. How do Himalayan herding communities view wolves? A. As sacred Buddhist beings. B. As tricky, fearsome hunters. C. Less threatening than snow leopards. D. As necessary contributors to the ecosystem. 14. What effect may the overlook of wolf conservation have? A. It puts snow leopards in danger. B. It worsens locals’ bitterness of wolves. C. It improves the alpine ecosystem balance. D. It slows the protection of carnivores overall. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why Protect Snow Leopards More? B. Who’s More Tolerated? C. How to Save Wolves? D. Where’s the Balance? 第二节(共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Thirst is one of the fundamental urges an organism can have. After all, water is the substance that we rely on to transport essential molecules (分子) and other particles around our bodies to keep us alive. ____16____ Shouldn’t we have developed a taste for this essential substance? ____17____ Several new studies seem to show not only that water does, in fact, have a taste, but that we might have taste buds (味蕾) that respond directly to it. We now know that there are at least five basic tastes: salty, sour, sweet, bitter and umami. ____18____ Researchers have sought to solve the issue once and for all. They’ve figured out an experiment that seeks to identify any water-sensing taste receptor cells (TRCs) on the tongues of lab mice. The team first used a technique known as genetic knockout to silence different types of TRCs, in order to remove the possibility that those cells might accidentally discover some other taste within the water besides the water itself. ____19____ It turned out that the acid-sensing sour TRCs were still firing actively, indicating these cells might have a double purpose, capable of distinguishing water or acidic fluids. So if you’re on the side of the debate that argues that water is flavorless, you might still be correct. ____20____ The study also opens up the possibility that our tongues and taste buds might be doing more than merely providing us with a sense of taste. If this study doesn’t prove that water is the sixth flavor, it might still be the first evidence of a whole other sense entirely: a water sense. A. Well, perhaps we have. B. Actually, we have a sixth taste for water. C. Our taste buds are tied to a flavor of water. D. So it’s perhaps a bit doubtful that water doesn’t seem to have any flavor. E. But water isn’t senseless, at least it doesn’t appear that way according to this research. F. They then washed their mouths with water to see if any cells were still responding. G. If there is a sixth taste for water exists, then there should be evidence somewhere in the mouth or tongue. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分) 第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分) 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 On March 17, scientists reported finding the earliest echoes of the Big Bang. The long-sought evidence supports the idea that the universe inflated in a(n) ____21____ . A scientific theory, called inflation, held that during the first trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second after the Big Bang, the universe grew ____22____ faster than the speed of light. It soon stretched out farther than any telescope can see. Astronomers first introduced the theory of inflation more than 30 years ago. Since then, it has become an important part of the ____23____ for how the universe began. Inflation helps answer some questions raised by the Big Bang, such as why the universe looks the same in every direction. Inflation probably has ____24____everything out. It’s just like what happens when blowing up a party balloon. ____25____ scientists couldn’t be sure that inflation happened, for they lacked solid evidence. The new discovery provides the needed evidence, identifying the long-lasting effects of inflation on the ____26____ light in the universe. Scientists cannot travel back to the Big Bang, an event lost to the deep past of 13.8 billion years. Yet, the universe itself is a time capsule. According to inflation theory, the Big Bang sent waves spreading through the fabric of spacetime, preserving clues that scientists can still ____27____ today. Known as “gravitational waves”, they would ____28____ squeeze (压缩) and stretch the fabric of space. So their passage should have left a(n) ____29____ on the farthest reaches of the known universe. Scientists had sought those characteristic marks. For their search, the scientists used a telescope called BICEP2 at the South Pole. The region’s cold, dry and ____30____ air is perfect for observing deep into space — and back into time. For 50 years, scientists have known that energy in the form of microwave radiation ____31____ long after the Big Bang. ____32____, the telescope detects tiny particles of light that carry this microwave signal. John Kovac, a Harvard Associate Professor of Astronomy and Physics, led the new search for the Big Bang’s echoes. His large team will continue to ____33____ their data. They want to make sure their results didn’t arise from a problem in the telescope or some ____34____ in their analysis. For now, many scientists are excited by the news. ____35____of gravitational waves offers new opportunities for scientists to test more ideas about the nature of the universe, thus opening up a whole new window. 21. A. period B. flash C. term D. interval 22. A. upward B. downward C. inward D. outward 23. A. explanation B. reflection C. description D. prediction 24. A. spilt B. smoothed C. cast D. wiped 25. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Instead 26. A. oldest B. brightest C. purest D. gentlest 27. A. overlook B. project C. decode D. clarify 28. A. relatively B. randomly C. alternately D. instantly 29. A. symbol B. mark C. object D. evidence 30. A. harsh B. thick C. stable D. fresh 31. A. expands B. endures C. emerges D. fades 32. A. For instance B. By contrast C. As a result D. In particular 33. A. go over B. account for C. back up D. refer to 34. A. failures B. errors C. weaknesses D. contradictions 35. A. Approval B. Publication C. Awareness D. Confirmation 第二节(共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Why Fairy Tales Are Really Powerful Tales When people think of fairy tales, they usually imagine pretty princesses, brave princes and happy endings. Yet if we look back to the earliest versions of these stories, we discover that fairy tales ____36____ (never mean) to be only sweet or child-friendly. In fact, they were originally serious and full of challenges. The fear and danger in these tales were not accidental — they carried moral, social, and even psychological meaning. In the past, life was full of risks: diseases, hunger, and poverty. Folk stories reflected that world. In Hansel and Gretel, two children are abandoned and almost captured by a witch (女巫), ____37____ reminds us that cleverness and courage are needed for survival. In Little Red Riding Hood, the wolf’s attack teaches young listeners not to trust strangers. Behind every tense scene, there ____38____ (stand) a warning about real human behavior. Psychologists later pointed out that such stories help children face their inner worries. Bruno Bettelheim, a well-known scholar, suggested that fairy tales ____39____ (allow) the mind to deal safely with emotions like jealousy, loneliness, and loss. The deep parts of the story, ____40____ (act) like a mirror, help readers understand the hidden corners of their own hearts. Modern versions have softened these tales, replacing danger with beauty and loss with happy endings. But deep down, the original fear is ____41____ gave fairy tales their power. Without fear, their lessons lose depth. ____42____ (shape) by facing imaginary monsters, readers learn how to face real-life challenges. In the end, ____43____ they reflect the truth of human experience, fairy tales are really powerful tales. They remind us that ____44____ reaching‌ “happily ever after,” every hero or heroine still has to walk through the forest of uncertainty — and it is the journey through that darkness that makes the ending worth ____45____ (remember). 第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 你校英语报“Teen Voice”栏目围绕漫画“Parents’ Wish, Society’s Trend, My Own Dream”展开征稿，请你根据以下漫画写一篇文章投稿，内容包括： (1)你的选择； (2)你的理由。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Last winter, I volunteered at a local community center that offered free teaching and after-school activities for children from families that have less money and fewer opportunities. At first, I wasn’t sure what to expect. The children seemed shy, some struggling with basic reading or math skills. I felt nervous, wondering if I could really help them. During the first few days, I focused on simple tasks: reading stories aloud, helping with homework, and encouraging them when they got answers right. Gradually, I noticed small changes — a child who had never smiled before now laughed at jokes, another who was hesitant to speak out loud started asking questions confidently. However, not everything went smoothly. One boy, Tom, was especially headstrong and refused to follow instructions. He often interrupted lessons, played jokes on younger children, and sometimes even walked out angrily. At first, I felt frustrated and unsure how to reach him. Once after he stormed off, I came to him and said, “I know you’re not being difficult — want to tell me what’s bothering you?” He stared at his shoes. silent, but didn’t walk away. That small moment felt like a crack (缝隙) in his wall — he still didn’t open up, but he didn’t push me away either. One afternoon, the center organized a small talent show. Many children were excited but Tom refused to participate. Some volunteers wanted to pressure him, but I decided to give him space while offering encouragement. Slowly, he agreed to recite a short poem. Watching him stand on the stage and finish without quitting, I felt a deep sense of relief and pride. The applause from the children made me realize patience and understanding can solve problems far better than force. I also saw how important it was to create more opportunities for children like Tom to explore their talents and feel supported. Tom himself seemed a little more confident and willing to try new things, which gave me an idea for the next step in my volunteering work. 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I knew I had to do more for Tom and the other children. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tom changed clearly over the weeks. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $