上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期高三年级英语学科9月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高三年级英语学科9月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. House dust could be causing us to pile on the pounds Researchers at Duke University have found that house dust contains chemicals which could be causing us to pile on the pounds. 1          you're looking to lose a little weight this year, it could be time for a spring clean. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals-compounds that reproduce hormones naturally found in the body-in household dust may trigger the development of fat cells in humans, the researchers say. The effect could be triggering increased fat growth in children, relative to 2          expected for their age. Previous research on fat cells 3          (isolate) in the lab has shown that exposure to certain endocrine-disrupting chemicals can cause them to gather triglycerides--a type of fat found in the blood. For this latest study, the team 4          (collect) nearly 200 house dust samples from homes in North Carolina. They then obtained more than 100 different chemicals from the dust in the lab and tested each of them for their ability 5          (promote) fat cell development in a petri dish model. They found that around 70 of the chemicals had a marked effect 6          the development of fat cells. What's more, they also discovered that several of the chemicals were present in large quantities in the dust found in the homes of children 7          were significantly overweight. It 8          (estimate) that children consume around 60 to 100 milligrams of dust a day. "This is some of the first research that investigates links between exposure to chemical mixtures present in the indoor environment and the health of children 9          (live) in those homes," said lead researcher Dr Christopher Kassotis. The team plans to study these chemicals further, to establish exactly 10          of them should be considered a contributing factor to fatness in children. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. boosting B. comparison C. confirmed D. encouraged E. integrates F. intensive G. illustrates H. messages I. multisensory J. novel K. practice Learn a language or instrument So far only two types of mental exercise have been shown to improve or preserve overall cognitive (认知的) ability. One is musical training; the other is learning a new language, or practising a second one you have already learned. Gottfried Schlaug, director of the Music and Neuroimaging Laboratory at Harvard University explains: "Listening to and making music is not only a hearing experience; it's a (n) 11          and motor experience. Playing an instrument changes how the brain interprets and 12          a wide range of sensory information, and making music over a long period of time can change brain function and brain structure." As for the role of language-learning in 13          brain power, a team at Edinburgh University assessed mental alertness in a group of 33 students (Aged 18-78) who undertook a one-week Scottish Gaelic course. After the course they were 14          to practise their new language for five hours a week. At the end of the course, their attention was found to be better than 15          groups who had done other types of courses or no course at all, and nine months later those who had been practicing had bumped up their attention span (持续) even more. Lead researcher, Dr Thomas Bak of the School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences said the results 16          the cognitive benefits of language-learning. "I think there are three important 17          from our study. Firstly, it is never too late to start a (n) 18          mental activity such as learning a new language. Secondly, even a short, 19          course can show beneficial effects on some cognitive functions. Thirdly, this effect can be maintained through 20         ." II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Curiosity feels as if it's outside your control. Trying to direct it sounds as 21          as forcing yourself to find a joke funny. But if you understand what 22          curiosity, you may be able to channel it a little better. Across evolutionary time, curious animals were more likely to survive because they learned about their environments; a forager (觅食者) that occasionally 23          a reliable feeding ground to explore might find an even better place to eat. Humans, too, will give up a known reward to 24          the unknown. In one experiment, subjects were asked to choose one of four photos, each carrying some chance of paying a cash prize. Photos repeated, so subjects learned to pick the best-paying, but when a novel photo popped up, they chose it more often than the odds suggested they should. This 25          for novelty is, of course, the reason manufacturers periodically change product packaging and advertising. But it's good to know about your environment even if it doesn't promise a reward. 26          knowledge may be useless today but vital next week. 27         , evolution has left us with a brain that can reward itself; satisfying curiosity feels pleasurable, so you explore the environment even when you don't expect any real 28         . Infants prefer to look at novel pictures compared with familiar ones. Preschoolers play longer with a mechanical toy if it's 29          to figure out how it works. What's more, curiosity doesn't just 30          new opportunities for learning; it enhances learning itself. In a recent experiment, subjects read trivia (益智的) questions and rated how curious each made them feel. Later, they saw the questions again, each followed by a photograph of a face, and judged whether that person looked as if he or she would know the answer. In a surprise final memory test for the faces, subjects better 31          those appearing after trivia questions that made them curious. Curiosity causes a brain state that enhances learning. This function of curiosity—to 32          memory—is the key to understanding why we're curious about some things and not others. We feel most curious when exploration will 33          the most learning. Suppose I ask you, "What's the most common type of star in the Milky Way?" You'll obviously feel no curiosity if you already know the answer. But you'll also feel little interest if you know nothing about stars; if you learned the answer, you couldn't 34          it other knowledge, so it would seem nearly pointless. We're 35          curious when we sense that the environment offers new information in the right proportion to add to what we already know. 21. A. meaningless B. harmless C. endless D. painless 22. A. displays B. inspires C. discourages D. complicates 23. A. skipped B. measured C. reached D. shared 24. A. astonish B. produce C. investigate D. predict 25. A. information B. preference C. technique D. analysis 26. A. at all B. in the end C. in secret D. right now 27. A. However B. Comparatively C. Therefore D. Otherwise 28. A. evidence B. change C. pleasure D. payoff 29. A. possible B. dangerous C. natural D. difficult 30. A. restrict B. adjust C. ensure D. evaluate 31. A. remembered B. posed C. illustrated D. forgot 32. A. compare B. test C. understand D. heighten 33. A. take over B. put off C. lead to D. rely on 34. A. leave B. connect C. return D. present 35. A. maximally B. originally C. unnecessarily D. separately Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） There is a country—I read about it once—where the local custom is that if you go to a house and praise some small possession, the owners feel obliged to offer it to you as a gift. The only other place I know of with such a custom is my mother's apartment. Knowing Mama, I have always been careful with my compliments, but that doesn't stop her. If she catches me staring at anything small enough to put in a grocery bag, she hands it to me as I leave. It would do no good to protest. "I was merely staring at that photograph of Mount Hood because I have one exactly like it in my living room." Mama would only nod and say, "Of course. You were thinking how nice it would be to have a set. If a mother doesn't understand, who does?" As far as I can remember, Mama was telling people they were in the wrong line of work and suggesting alternative careers. My turn came when I grew up and became a housewife. "You missed your calling," Mama sighs, examining the doodles (涂鸦) on my phone book. "You should have been an artist." Later, I tell her how I returned rancid fish to the supermarket and demanded a refund, and she links this to lawyer. I know it's horsefeathers, but I like it. I have been worrying for weeks now about what to give my mother for Mother's Day. There is always the danger that a gift given to Mama will bounce swiftly back to the giver. If I buy her something wearable, she perceives in an instant that it could be let in here, let out there, and it would fit me perfectly. If I give her a plant, she cuts off the top for me to take home and root in a glass of water. If I give her something edible, she wants me to stay for lunch and eat it. Papa, a sensible man, long ago stopped trying to shop for Mama. Instead, on Mother's Day, her birthday, and other appropriate occasions, he composes a short poem in which he tells of their life. After nearly 30 years of poems, Papa sometimes worries that the edge of his inspiration has dulled, but Mama doesn't complain. She comes into the room while he is struggling over a gift poem and says, "It doesn't have to rhyme (押韵) as long as it's from the heart." This year, finally, I think, too, have found a painless gift for Mama. I am going to give her a magazine article, in which I wish her "Happy Mother's Day" and tell her there's nothing Papa or I could ever buy, find, or make her that would be half good enough anyway. 36. What can be learned about "my" mum from Paragraph 2? A. She doesn't like "my" compliments. B. She doesn't think I am careful enough. C. She will give "me" whatever she thinks "I" like. D. She takes it for granted that "I" love what she has. 37. By "it's horsefeathers" (paragraph 3), "I" imply that A. being an artist has always been "my" dream B. what "my" mother says makes no sense C. "my" mother knows well about "me" D. it is no easy job to be a lawyer 38. Why am "I" worried about "my" gift for Mother's Day? A. It may well end up in a dustbin. B. It will hardly satisfy "my" mother. C. It may be returned to "me" in some way. D. It will be given to someone else in the neighbourhood. 39. What can be concluded from the passage? A. "I" love "my" mother very much. B. Being sensible is important for an adult. C. "My" mother dreams of becoming a poet. D. "My" father no longer gives "my" mother any gift. （B） A Case Against the Clock We're so busy. We schedule and make full use of our time, squeezing all the efficiency we can out of each day. Time management we believe, is the solution to our busyness: if we could organize our time better, we'd be less busy, happier, and more effective. Is this really the case? Research shows that if you increase people's awareness of time-by placing a big clock in front of them-they do more stuff. (Think about how much work you get done on the day before vacation.) It makes sense that by getting more done, we'd feel more in control. More than that, it's one of the great fantasies of time management: If you get more organized, you will get on top. However, that works only in a finite (有限的) world. We haven't lived in that world for quite a while. In our infinite world, we will never be able to get on top everything. When we complete more tasks, more take their place--send more e-mails, get more replies. As we seek to maximize our time, we slice and dice it into ever-smaller parts. But when we divide our attention among a thousand mini activities, we prevent ourselves from engaging deeply or thinking properly. Conversations with friends are disemboweled with frequent "productive" glances at the inbox; our ability to think is decimated by the distraction of the ping and the ring. We maintain a state of chaotic mental activity that is the opposite of the best psychological state of flow, where attention is allowed to sink into an activity without distraction, where we bring our thoughts, actions, and goals into perfect synchronicity (同步). Flow doesn't happen in a short period of time but in long duration of attention. Effectiveness comes from two core factors: prioritization and achievement. When we prioritize well, we choose to do the right things, not just the obvious things. Yet a strong time awareness makes us prioritize the urgent and immediate rather than the important and strategic. Research by Microsoft, for example, suggests that 77 percent of U.K. workers feel they have had a productive day if they have emptied their inbox. It horrifies me to see the number of blogs and books that focus on getting to an empty inbox or zero tasks, as if either achievement were worthwhile. No business or life was changed by an empty inbox. 40. What is the main idea of the passage? A. We should make full use of time. B. It is not easy to schedule our time. C. Time management is not all that good. D. We should learn how to organize our time. 41. Choose three sentences from the following sentences (a-d) that best fit the blanks in the passage. a. Your Efficiency Matters b. You're Less Effective c. Your Attention Suffers d. You Just Get Busier A. 1:a;2:b;3:c B. 1:a;2:c;3:d C. 1:d; 2:b;3:a D. 1:d;2:c,3:b 42. Which of the following statements is the writer most likely to agree with? A. We can never get everything done. B. We should forget about the state of flow. C. It's important to deal with urgent tasks first. D. It's wise to divide a big task into mini activities. （C） The human sense of smell is weaker than sight. And the relative weakness of smell extends to language, too. Humans have no difficulty putting names to colours but are bad at putting names to odours (气味). Some people suggest it is very likely a consequence of the tendency of languages to contain words useful to their speakers. A study by Asifa Majid at Radboud University in the Netherlands supports this. Dr Majid knew from previous work she had done that the Jahai, a group of hunter-gatherers who live in western Malaysia, are remarkably good at naming odours. For example, when she asked some Jahai, and also a comparable group of American volunteers, to name colours and odours they were presented with, the Americans generally agreed with one another when it came to naming colours but agreed much less when putting names to odours. Jahai answers, in contrast, were in equal agreement about both odours and colours. Dr Majid suggested that it might, in part, be because the Jahai have a dozen words dedicated to describing different sorts of smells in the abstract. To test how important someone's way of life is to his or her use of abstract words for smells, Dr Majid looked at how two other groups of people used terms for colours and odours. These were the Semaq Beri, who also hunt and gather for a living, and the Semelai, who cultivate rice. Crucially, although these two peoples make their livings in different ways, their languages are closely related and they both live in the rainforest. Dr Majid asked 20 Semaq Beri and 21 Semelai to name odours and colours presented to them at random. The colours were on 80 differently colored cards; the odours on 16 variously scented (有香味的) sticks. The researcher found that the Semaq Beri used abstract terms for odours 85% of the time—about as often as they did for colours, which was 80%. The Semelai also used abstract colour descriptions at a similar rate, namely 78% of the time. But when it came to describing odours they relied on abstraction on only 44% of occasions, while resorting to analogies, such as "banana-like" and "chocolate-like", 56% of the time. Moreover, as with Dr Majid's earlier study with the Jahai, the Semaq Beri more frequently agreed with one another about naming odours than did the Semelai. Given these findings, Dr Majid argues that it is the hunting-and-gathering way of life, rather than the use of a particular language, that is crucial to applying abstract names to odours. The business of surviving by eating what the forest has to offer requires more use of the nose than is needed for farming. 43. What does the pronoun "this" (in the last sentence of paragraph 1) refer to? A. More words should be coined to name odours. B. Human beings have a weaker sense of smell than sight. C. Languages tend to contain fewer words unrelated to culture. D. As smells matter little, most languages have few words for them. 44. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the Americans agreed less on the names of odours partly because A. they had not been given proper training before the test B. colours are in most cases easier to tell apart than odours C. there are not many English words distinctively for odours D. they were too sensitive to odours to name them correctly 45. What can be learned about the Semaq Beri and the Semelai concerning their performance in the study? A. The former used fewer terms for odours than for colours. B. The latter often turned to other items to describe odours precisely. C. The former seldom agreed with each other about naming odours. D. The latter revealed a less advanced language system. 46. What is the conclusion that Dr Majid drew from her research involving the Semaq Beri and the Semelai? A. The use of abstract terms for odours is related to people's lifestyle. B. Living in the forest requires more use of the nose than living on the farm. C. The business of surviving varies greatly from one tribe to another. D. It is people's way of life that decide what language they speak. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. But they managed it. B. Although that doesn't sound like much, it adds up to about 50 calories an hour. C. Small adjustments, like going to talk to a colleague rather than emailing, should help. D. When you eat some food, your body breaks it down into glucose, which floods your blood. E. Even if you exercise regularly, there is evidence that it will not undo the damage done by sitting for a long time. F. There were some striking differences. It's time to take a stand Many of us sit too much. We sit at work, in the car and at home, moving only to shift from one seat to another. 47          So why is sitting so damaging? One thing it does is change the way our bodies process sugar, as how efficiently your body processes glucose (葡萄糖) is affected by how physically active you are. On Trust Me, I'm A Doctor, we joined forces with Dr John Buckley from the University of Chester to conduct an experiment. We asked 10 volunteers to stand for at least three hours a day for a week. Some accepted the idea, while others were worried that it would hurt their backs. A number of them felt they would not be able to stick to it. 48          We fitted them with accelerometers (加速度计) so we could record how much they were moving. They also wore heart rate trackers, and had glucose monitors that measured their blood sugar levels. The researchers took measurements on days when the volunteers stood, and when they sat. 49          As we had hoped, blood glucose levels fell back to normal after eating far more quickly on the days when the volunteers stood than when they sat. There was also evidence that by standing they were burning more calories. "If we look at the heart rates, we can see they are on average around 10 beats per minute faster when standing, and that makes a difference of about 0.7 of a calorie per minute," Buckley said. 50          If you stand for three hours a day for five days, that's an extra 750 calories burnt, or around a kilo of fat. Buckley thinks that although exercise offers many benefits, our bodies need the constant, almost imperceptible increase in muscle activity that standing provides. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Keeping the holiday-makers happy This is the second year as a chalet girl for Sarah Sutherland-Pilch, a 24-year-old from West Sussex. Known by her nickname, Pilch, Sarah works for a company in Val d'Isère, France, cooking and cleaning for visitors who come to ski and stay in the wooden houses, known as chalets, that are characteristic of the area. Sarah graduated in French and History of Art from Oxford Brookes University last summer. Being a chalet girl isn't a career, she says, but an enjoyable way to spend a year or two before settling down. 'It's a good way to make contacts. I meet successful people every week.' Sarah does not 'live in'. She gets up at 7 a.m. to walk the mile or so to the chalet, which sleeps up to 18 guests each week. She has her own breakfast before preparing that of the guests. When the last of the guests has had breakfast, by about 9.30 a.m, Sarah clears up and either makes the afternoon tea, which is left for the guests to help themselves to, or cleans the rooms--'the worst part of the job,' she says. By about 11 a.m. she is ready to go on the slopes herself. She skis as much as possible. On a good day we can be up there until 4.30 p.m.' Sarah returns to the chalet in time to prepare dinner and takes a shower before doing so, but does not sleep. 'It's fatal if you do,' she says. Dinner, a three-course affair, is served at 8 p.m. and coffee is usually on the table by 10 p.m. Sarah clears away the dinner things and fills the dishwasher. 'There's nothing worse than coming in to a messy kitchen the next morning.' IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这家餐厅的服务和美食使它成为城里无与伦比的用餐体验。(second) 53. 针对需求的突然增加，公司迅速调整了策略。(response) 54. 我尽力向我的弟弟灌输坚持的重要性，希望能激励他追求自己的梦想。(impress) 55. 培养技能人才并非朝夕之功，还需要在畅通发展通道和完善保障政策等方面持续发力。(require) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在一份英语杂志上读到一篇题为 "The jobs that will no longer exist in a decade" 的文章。你对此话题很感兴趣，写一封信给该杂志读者来信专栏，内容须包括： 1) 你认为十年内哪类工作将不复存在； 2) 你的理由。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高三年级英语学科9月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. if 2. that 3. isolated 4. collected 5. to promote 6. on 7. who 8. is estimated 9. living 10. which Section B 11. I 12. E 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. H 18. J 19. F 20. K II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. A 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A Section B 36. C 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. C 41. D 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A Section C 47. E 48. A 49. F 50. B III. Summary Writing 51. 24-year-old Sarah Sutherland-Pilch has worked in France as a chalet girl for two years since graduation. It’s enjoyable for her. Every morning, after getting up at 7, she walks to the chalet, prepares breakfast and clears up. After that, she can ski from 11 until 4:30 p.m. Then she prepares dinner and coffee, served respectively at 8 and 10. IV. Translation 52. The restaurant’s service and cuisine make it a dining experience second to none in the city. 53. In response to the sudden increase in demand, the company quickly adjusted its strategy. 54. I tried my best to impress the importance of perseverance upon my younger brother, hoping to inspire him to pursue his dreams. 55. Developing skilled talents is not an overnight accomplishment, as it requires sustained efforts in establishing clear career development pathways, and improving supportive policies. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Editor, I recently came across an article titled “The jobs that will no longer exist in a decade” in your English magazine, and I found the topic intriguing. As a senior student at Mingqi High School, I would like to share my thoughts on this subject. In my opinion, one category of jobs that may cease to exist in the next decade is those related to traditional print media. With the rapid advancement of technology and the widespread use of digital platforms, the demand for physical newspapers and magazines is gradually declining. As more readers switch to online news sources and digital publications, the need for print journalists, typesetters, and printing press operators may diminish significantly. Furthermore, the rise of automation and artificial intelligence poses a potential threat to certain repetitive and routine tasks. Jobs that involve manual data entry, basic accounting, or even certain aspects of customer service could be replaced by intelligent machines. As technology continues to evolve and improve, algorithms and automated systems have the potential to perform these tasks more efficiently and accurately, reducing the need for human involvement. Moreover, the increasing integration of robotics and automation in manufacturing processes might lead to the elimination of certain assembly line jobs. With advancements in robotics and AI, machines can now handle complex tasks and operate with high precision. As a result, some manufacturing positions that involve repetitive manual labor may become obsolete in the coming years. However, it is important to note that while certain jobs may disappear, new opportunities will emerge in fields such as artificial intelligence, data analysis, renewable energy, and cybersecurity. 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $