Unit 3 The art of painting 单元复习单句语法填空50题-2026-2027学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第一册

选择性必修一 Unit 3 课文长难句与重点词汇词形变化单句语法填空（50 题） （每句一空·共 50 题·附答案速查与逐题详解） 说明：第一部分 25 题全部改编自本单元两篇课文的长难句——Reading（First Impressions，第 1—11 题）、Extended Reading（Qingming Scroll，第 12—25 题）；基本保留原句措辞，只在句中挖去一处考点，个别题补入时间状语以确保答案唯一，详解中标注【出处】。第二部分 25 题考查本单元重点词汇的词形变化。每句只设一处空格。 第一部分覆盖的语法点：定语从句、名词性从句、非谓语动词（分词作状语/定语、不定式作定语与宾补）、被动语态、时态（过去完成时、现在完成时）、主谓一致、倒装、强调句、形式主语、介词搭配。 第一部分　课文长难句语法点（第 1—25 题） 1. ________ (house) in an old railway building, this world-famous art museum features some of the best-known paintings from the Impressionist movement of the 19th century. 2. ________ is amazing that every time Monet studied this simple scene, he brought the pond's beauty to the canvas in a unique way. 3. I could see from Monet's works ________ he was greatly inspired by nature. 4. One of these scenes is shown in the famous piece Blue Water Lilies, ________ I studied for quite a while in the gallery. 5. When I saw it up close, I ________ (strike) by the small areas of light across the painting, and the way the soft edges of the figures seemed to mix together. 6. This effect makes the lively movement of the dance almost ________ (jump) out at the viewer. 7. Although the paintings had very different settings, it was their similarities ________ stayed with me long after I left the Musée d'Orsay—similarities which can be seen throughout the Impressionists' paintings. 8. Monet and Renoir, along with other like-minded artists, ________ (seek) liberation from the rules of the old style. 9. Everyday subject matter was the main focus of their works, as opposed to the history paintings that ________ (dominate) European art for centuries before the Impressionists appeared. 10. They employed free brushwork and used colours to show the effect of light on things, ________ (create) paintings that were far less realistic than the works that came before. 11. The Impressionists' vision inspired a whole new generation of Post-Impressionist painters such as Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin, ________ works are also displayed at the Musée d'Orsay. 12. It is commonly believed that the city ________ (describe) in the painting is Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. 13. The ancient scroll ________ (survive) the test of time for nearly a thousand years, and is currently housed in the Palace Museum in Beijing. 14. The first section presents a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing, ________ (feature) crop fields, a river winding through the landscape, and farmers hard at work. 15. Here, hundreds of people from all walks of life, including butchers, hairdressers and government officials, can be seen ________ (go) about their daily business. 16. The combination of these three sections gives the viewer an idea of ________ life was like for the people of Bianjing. 17. This well-developed ability, as well as the scroll's ambitious size, ________ (allow) Zhang to show an enormous amount of detail—you could study the painting for hours and still discover something new. 18. Some boats carrying food do not seem to belong to the government, ________ suggests that the government has lost control of food supplies and transportation. 19. These sorts of details point to a crisis ________ (develop) in the city. 20. Also in the painting ________ (be) soldiers who appear to ignore their duties. 21. For example, in the centre of the scroll, a boat is in danger of ________ (crash) into the bridge. 22. ________ is its worth that several later emperors even asked the most talented artists of their day to make copies of the scroll. 23. With the Qingming Scroll, Zhang made an outstanding contribution ________ Chinese art and greatly influenced generations of future artists. 24. The public's continued enthusiasm about the Qingming Scroll, even after all these centuries, ________ (speak) volumes about the power of this historic piece of art. 25. The last time it was on exhibition, crowds waited in line for hours for the rare chance ________ (see) the famous painting with their own eyes. 第二部分　重点词汇词形变化（第 26—50 题） 26. The exhibition, which was intended to celebrate the ________ (liberate) of the city from foreign rule, attracted visitors from every corner of the country. 27. ________ (oppose) to the plan to pull down the old theatre, the residents collected thousands of signatures before submitting them to the council. 28. Although the city is now famous for its technology industry, textiles remained the ________ (dominate) source of employment well into the twentieth century. 29. The closure of the steelworks, which had provided work for three generations of families in the town, led to a sharp rise in ________ (employ) across the region. 30. When the old factory was converted into a gallery, it created far more jobs than anyone had expected, and the ________ (employ) rate of the surrounding district rose steadily over the next three years. 31. The ________ (employ) finally agreed to give the workers an extra week's holiday, on condition that the new exhibition opened on time. 32. It took the young painter years to accept the ________ (real) that talent alone was never enough to make a living in a city crowded with artists. 33. The novelist describes the frozen harbour so ________ (vivid) that readers can almost feel the wind biting into their faces. 34. Nothing in the gallery seemed ________ (worth) of the attention that the critics had lavished on it. 35. ________ (bathe) in the pale light of early morning, the ancient walls of the town seemed to belong to another century. 36. The two portraits are ________ (apparent) identical, yet a closer inspection reveals that one of them was painted by a left-handed artist. 37. Driven by an ________ (ambition) desire to be remembered, the architect designed a tower that no engineer of his time believed could stand. 38. The cost of restoring the frescoes has increased ________ (enormous) since the project began, which has forced the foundation to appeal to the public for donations. 39. The curator's explanation of perspective was so technical that it lay far beyond the ________ (comprehensive) of most visitors. 40. During the annual safety ________ (inspect), the engineers discovered that several of the museum's oldest frames had been damaged by damp. 41. Long-term ________ (expose) to the opinions of critics gradually robbed the young painter of confidence in his own judgement. 42. Before he turned to writing, he had worked as a ________ (political) for nearly twenty years, which gave him an insider's view of how decisions were made. 43. The gallery is holding a special ________ (exhibit) of copies of the Qingming Scroll, some of which are now regarded as treasures in their own right. 44. ________ (rare) has a painting from the Northern Song Dynasty attracted such crowds as the scroll did last winter. 45. The building is ________ (historic) significant, for it was here that the first Impressionist exhibition was planned. 46. The ________ (arrange) of the paintings in the gallery follows neither chronology nor theme, which puzzled many visitors. 47. The ________ (architecture) who designed the new wing made sure that the building did not compete with the paintings it houses. 48. The restoration was carried out with such ________ (precise) that even experts could not tell which parts of the fresco had been repaired. 49. It was ________ (precise) because the scroll is so delicate that it is rarely displayed to the public. 50. As an art ________ (critical) for a national newspaper, she has reviewed hundreds of exhibitions, yet she still remembers the first one vividly. 答案速查 1. Housed 2. It 3. that 4. which 5. was struck 6. jump 7. that 8. sought 9. had dominated 10. creating 11. whose 12. described 13. has survived 14. featuring 15. going 16. what 17. allows 18. which 19. developing 20. are 21. crashing 22. Such 23. to 24. speaks 25. to see 26. liberation 27. Opposed 28. dominant 29. unemployment 30. employment 31. employer 32. reality 33. vividly 34. worthy 35. Bathed 36. apparently 37. ambitious 38. enormously 39. comprehension 40. inspection 41. exposure 42. politician 43. exhibition 44. Rarely 45. historically 46. arrangement 47. architect 48. precision 49. precisely 50. critic 逐题详解 1. 【答案】Housed　【考点】过去分词作状语（house 作动词）　【出处】Unit 3 Reading · First Impressions 第 1 段 【解析】house 在此不是名词“房子”，而是动词“收藏；为……提供场所”。this world-famous art museum 与 house 是被动关系，故用过去分词 housed 作状语，相当于 which is housed in an old railway building。主语 this world-famous art museum 另有谓语 features，全句只有一个谓语。句意：这座举世闻名的艺术博物馆坐落在一座旧铁路建筑里，收藏着 19 世纪印象派运动中一些最著名的画作。 2. 【答案】It　【考点】it 作形式主语（that 从句作真正主语）　【出处】Unit 3 Reading · First Impressions 第 3 段 【解析】that 引导的主语从句太长，后置后用 it 作形式主语，避免头重脚轻。that 从句中 every time 引导时间状语从句（意为“每当”），主句 he brought... 用一般过去时；in a unique way 作方式状语。句意：令人惊叹的是，莫奈每一次研究这个简单的场景，都以独特的方式把池塘之美呈现在画布上。 3. 【答案】that　【考点】连接词 that 引导宾语从句　【出处】Unit 3 Reading · First Impressions 第 3 段 【解析】see from sth that... 意为“从……中看出……”，that 引导的从句作 see 的宾语，说明所看出的内容。that 只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词义。从句中 was greatly inspired by nature 是一般过去时的被动语态。句意：我从莫奈的作品中可以看出，他深受大自然的启发。 4. 【答案】which　【考点】非限制性定语从句（which 作宾语）　【出处】Unit 3 Reading · First Impressions 第 3 段 【解析】逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词 the famous piece Blue Water Lilies 指物；从句中 studied 缺宾语，故用关系代词 which。非限制性定语从句不能用 that；也不能用 where，因为从句缺的是宾语而不是地点状语。句意：其中一个场景出现在名作《蓝色睡莲》中，我在展厅里对着它端详了好一会儿。 5. 【答案】was struck　【考点】一般过去时的被动语态（be struck by）　【出处】Unit 3 Reading · First Impressions 第 4 段 【解析】I 与 strike 是被动关系（“我被……深深打动”），全文叙述过去的参观经历，用一般过去时的被动语态 was struck；be struck by 意为“被……打动／震撼”。and 连接两个介词宾语：the small areas of light 与 the way...；the way 后是省略了 in which／that 的定语从句。句意：当我近距离观看这幅画时，我被画面上那些小小的光斑，以及人物柔和轮廓似乎彼此交融的画法深深震撼。 6. 【答案】jump　【考点】make＋宾语＋省略 to 的不定式作宾补　【出处】Unit 3 Reading · First Impressions 第 4 段 【解析】make sb do sth 中，宾补用不带 to 的不定式；只有变成被动语态时才还原 to（be made to do sth）。the lively movement of the dance 是宾语，almost 是副词作状语插在宾补之前；jump out at sb 意为“向某人扑面而来、跃入某人眼帘”。句意：这种效果使舞蹈欢快的动感几乎跃然扑向观者。 7. 【答案】that　【考点】强调句型（It was... that...）　【出处】Unit 3 Reading · First Impressions 第 5 段 【解析】本句是强调句型，被强调的成分是 their similarities（主语），故填 that，不能用 which。Although 引导让步状语从句；long after I left... 是时间状语；破折号后的 similarities which... 是同位语，其中 which 引导定语从句。句意：尽管这些画作的背景很不相同，但真正在我离开奥赛博物馆后长久留在我心中的，是它们的相似之处——这些相似之处在印象派画家的全部作品中都能看到。 8. 【答案】sought　【考点】主谓一致＋一般过去时（不规则动词）　【出处】Unit 3 Reading · First Impressions 第 5 段 【解析】along with 引导的短语只是附加说明，不影响主语的数，句子主语仍是 Monet and Renoir（复数）；全段叙述 19 世纪印象派画家，用一般过去时；seek 是不规则动词，过去式为 sought。句意：莫奈和雷诺阿，连同其他志同道合的艺术家，寻求从旧风格规则中的解放。 9. 【答案】had dominated　【考点】过去完成时（had＋过去分词，须写完整）　【出处】Unit 3 Reading · First Impressions 第 5 段 【解析】本题空的是一个完整的谓语动词，提示词给的是动词原形 dominate，因此必须写出过去完成时的完整形式 had dominated，只写 had 或只写 dominated 均不得分。判断依据是 for centuries before the Impressionists appeared：历史题材绘画占主导这一动作在过去某一时间（印象派出现）之前就已开始并长期持续，是“过去的过去”，故用 had＋过去分词。as opposed to 意为“与……相对（而不是）”，其后接名词短语；everyday subject matter 作主语，was 是谓语。句意：日常题材是他们作品的主要关注点，而不是在印象派出现之前几个世纪里一直主导欧洲艺术的历史题材绘画。 10. 【答案】creating　【考点】现在分词作结果状语　【出处】Unit 3 Reading · First Impressions 第 5 段 【解析】主句已有并列谓语 employed 与 used，create 与主语 they 是主动关系，且表示前面两个动作自然而然导致的结果，故用现在分词 creating 作结果状语（相当于 and created...）。that were far less realistic than the works that came before 是定语从句，内含 less...than 比较结构。句意：他们运用自由的笔法，用色彩表现光对物体的作用，由此创作出远不如前人作品写实的画作。 11. 【答案】whose　【考点】定语从句（关系代词 whose）　【出处】Unit 3 Reading · First Impressions 第 6 段 【解析】whose 在定语从句中作定语，表所属关系，whose works ＝ the works of these painters。such as 引出同位举例，are displayed 为被动语态。句意：印象派画家的视野启发了一整代全新的后印象派画家，如文森特·梵高和保罗·高更，他们的作品也在奥赛博物馆展出。 12. 【答案】described　【考点】过去分词作后置定语　【出处】Unit 3 Extended Reading · Qingming Scroll 第 1 段 【解析】the city 与 describe 是被动关系，described in the painting 相当于 which is described in the painting，作 the city 的后置定语。that 从句的主语是 the city，谓语是 is；逗号后的 the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty 是 Bianjing 的同位语。句意：人们普遍认为，画中所描绘的城市是汴京（今天的开封），即北宋的都城。 13. 【答案】has survived　【考点】现在完成时（for＋时间段）　【出处】Unit 3 Extended Reading · Qingming Scroll 第 1 段 【解析】for nearly a thousand years 是“for＋时间段”，表示动作从过去持续到现在，须用现在完成时；and 后的 is currently housed 用一般现在时表示现状，两个分句时态呼应。主语 The ancient scroll 是单数，助动词用 has。survive 在此是及物动词，意为“经历……而依然存在”。句意：这幅古卷历经近千年的时间考验保存得极为完好，现藏于北京故宫博物院。 14. 【答案】featuring　【考点】现在分词作伴随状语　【出处】Unit 3 Extended Reading · Qingming Scroll 第 2 段 【解析】feature 在此是动词“以……为特色”，与主语 The first section 是主动关系，用现在分词 featuring 作伴随状语。其后三个宾语中，a river winding through the landscape 是“名词＋现在分词”的独立主格，farmers hard at work 是“名词＋形容词”的独立主格。句意：第一部分呈现了汴京附近乡村生活的一派祥和景象，其中有农田、一条蜿蜒穿过风景的河流，还有在田里辛勤劳作的农民。 15. 【答案】going　【考点】感官动词的被动语态＋现在分词作主语补足语　【出处】Unit 3 Extended Reading · Qingming Scroll 第 2 段 【解析】can be seen doing sth 意为“可以被看到正在做某事”，people 与 go about 是主动关系，故用现在分词 going 作主语补足语。from all walks of life 与 including... 都是修饰 hundreds of people 的定语；go about one's business 意为“忙自己的事”。句意：在这里，可以看到来自各行各业的人，包括屠夫、理发师和政府官员，忙着各自的日常事务。 16. 【答案】what　【考点】连接代词 what 引导宾语从句　【出处】Unit 3 Extended Reading · Qingming Scroll 第 2 段 【解析】介词 of 后接宾语从句；be like 中 like 是介词，其后缺宾语，须用连接代词 what 充当，what life was like 意为“生活是什么样子”。how 是副词，不能作 like 的宾语；that 不作成分，也不能用。give sb sth 是双宾语结构。句意：这三个部分的组合让观者得以了解汴京人的生活是什么样子。 17. 【答案】allows　【考点】主谓一致（as well as）＋allow sb to do sth　【出处】Unit 3 Extended Reading · Qingming Scroll 第 3 段 【解析】主语是 This well-developed ability（单数），as well as 引导的短语只是附加说明，不改变主语的数，谓语仍用第三人称单数 allows。allow sb to do sth 中不定式作宾语补足语。破折号后 could 表过去的能力。句意：这种高度发展的能力，加上长卷宏大的尺幅，使张择端得以呈现极其丰富的细节——你可以研究这幅画几个小时，仍然会发现新东西。 18. 【答案】which　【考点】非限制性定语从句（which 指代整个主句）　【出处】Unit 3 Extended Reading · Qingming Scroll 第 4 段 【解析】which 指代前面整个主句的内容（有些运粮船似乎不属于政府），在从句中作主语，谓语 suggests 用第三人称单数；其后 that 引导宾语从句。carrying food 是现在分词短语作 boats 的后置定语。句意：一些运载食物的船只似乎并不属于政府，这表明政府已经失去了对粮食供应和运输的控制。 19. 【答案】developing　【考点】现在分词作后置定语　【出处】Unit 3 Extended Reading · Qingming Scroll 第 4 段 【解析】a crisis 与 develop 是主动关系，developing in the city 相当于 which is developing in the city，作 a crisis 的后置定语，表示正在酝酿中的危机。point to 意为“表明，指向”。句意：这类细节表明城中正酝酿着一场危机。 20. 【答案】are　【考点】完全倒装＋主谓一致　【出处】Unit 3 Extended Reading · Qingming Scroll 第 4 段 【解析】正常语序为 Soldiers who appear to ignore their duties are also in the painting。介词短语 Also in the painting 置于句首，谓语全部提到主语之前，构成完全倒装；谓语与真正的主语 soldiers 保持一致，用 are；who 引导定语从句修饰 soldiers。句意：画中还有一些似乎玩忽职守的士兵。 21. 【答案】crashing　【考点】介词后接动名词　【出处】Unit 3 Extended Reading · Qingming Scroll 第 4 段 【解析】in danger of 中 of 是介词，其后须接动名词，故用 crashing；crash into 意为“撞上”。For example 与 in the centre of the scroll 都是插入性状语。句意：例如，在长卷的中央，一条船正面临撞上桥梁的危险。 22. 【答案】Such　【考点】倒装句（such 置于句首）＋such... that...　【出处】Unit 3 Extended Reading · Qingming Scroll 第 5 段 【解析】such 作表语置于句首时，主句完全倒装：Such is its worth that...，正常语序为 Its worth is such that...。that 引导结果状语从句，ask sb to do sth 为复合宾语结构。句意：它的价值如此之高，以致后来的几位皇帝甚至命令当时最有才华的画家临摹这幅长卷。 23. 【答案】to　【考点】介词搭配（make a contribution to）　【出处】Unit 3 Extended Reading · Qingming Scroll 第 5 段 【解析】contribution to sth 是固定搭配，to 为介词，后接名词；make a contribution to 意为“对……作出贡献”。and 连接两个并列谓语 made 与 influenced；With the Qingming Scroll 是介词短语作状语。句意：凭借《清明上河图》，张择端为中国艺术作出了杰出贡献，并深深影响了后世一代代画家。 24. 【答案】speaks　【考点】主谓一致（主语后带介词短语）　【出处】Unit 3 Extended Reading · Qingming Scroll 第 6 段 【解析】句子主语是 The public's continued enthusiasm（不可数名词，视为单数），about the Qingming Scroll 只是修饰 enthusiasm 的介词短语，even after all these centuries 是插入状语，都不影响主语的数，故谓语用第三人称单数 speaks。speak volumes about 意为“充分说明”。句意：公众对《清明上河图》经久不衰的热情，即便过了这么多世纪，也充分说明了这幅历史画作的感染力。 25. 【答案】to see　【考点】不定式作后置定语　【出处】Unit 3 Extended Reading · Qingming Scroll 第 6 段 【解析】chance to do sth 意为“做某事的机会”，不定式 to see 作 chance 的后置定语，说明机会的内容。The last time 引导时间状语从句（意为“上一次……的时候”）；wait in line for hours 中 for hours 表持续时间。句意：上一次展出时，人群排了几个小时的队，只为得到亲眼看一看这幅名画的难得机会。 26. 【答案】liberation　【考点】动词→名词 【解析】celebrate 后须接名词作宾语，liberate vt.“解放”的名词形式为 liberation“解放，摆脱”。which 引导的非限制性定语从句补充说明 the exhibition 的目的，from foreign rule 是 liberation 的固定搭配。句意：这场展览旨在庆祝该市摆脱外国统治获得解放，吸引了来自全国各地的参观者。 27. 【答案】Opposed　【考点】动词→形容词（过去分词化） 【解析】be opposed to 意为“反对……”，其中 to 是介词；此处用过去分词短语作原因状语，句首字母须大写。注意 oppose 是及物动词，oppose the plan 也可，但空格后有 to，只能用 opposed。句意：由于反对拆除老剧院的计划，居民们征集了数千个签名后才提交给市政委员会。 28. 【答案】dominant　【考点】动词→形容词 【解析】空格位于定冠词 the 与名词 source 之间，须用形容词作定语。dominate v.“支配，占优势”的形容词为 dominant“占主导地位的”。well into the twentieth century 意为“一直到二十世纪相当长时期”。句意：尽管这座城市如今以科技产业闻名，但直到二十世纪很长一段时间，纺织业仍是就业的主导来源。 29. 【答案】unemployment　【考点】动词→名词（否定派生） 【解析】介词 in 后须接名词；由“钢厂关闭”和 a sharp rise（急剧上升）可知此处指“失业率”，在 employment 前加否定前缀 un- 构成 unemployment。which 引导非限制性定语从句，主语是 The closure，谓语 led to 用过去时。句意：为镇上三代家庭提供工作的钢厂关闭，导致整个地区失业率急剧上升。 30. 【答案】employment　【考点】动词→名词 【解析】名词 rate 之前须用名词作定语，employment rate 意为“就业率”，与语境“创造了远多于预期的岗位”一致，故不用 unemployment。and 连接两个并列分句；than anyone had expected 是比较状语从句，用过去完成时。句意：旧厂房改建成美术馆时创造的岗位远超预期，此后三年周边地区的就业率稳步上升。 31. 【答案】employer　【考点】动词→名词（人） 【解析】由“同意给工人额外假期”可知主语是“雇主”，employ 加后缀 -er 构成 employer“雇主”，与 employee“雇员”相对。on condition that 意为“条件是”，引导条件状语从句。句意：雇主最终同意给工人额外一周假期，条件是新的展览要按时开幕。 32. 【答案】reality　【考点】形容词→名词 【解析】定冠词 the 后、that 同位语从句前须用名词，real adj. 的名词形式为 reality“现实”。It took sb years to do sth 为固定句型，crowded with artists 是过去分词短语作后置定语。句意：这位年轻画家花了好几年才接受这一现实：在一个画家云集的城市里，仅凭天赋永远不足以谋生。 33. 【答案】vividly　【考点】形容词→副词 【解析】so... that... 结构中，so 修饰的是副词，此处 vividly 修饰动词 describes，意为“如此生动地”。feel the wind biting into their faces 是 feel＋宾语＋现在分词作宾补。句意：小说家把冰封的港口描写得如此生动，读者几乎能感到寒风刺骨。 34. 【答案】worthy　【考点】形容词辨析（worthy / worth） 【解析】seem 是系动词，后接形容词作表语；be worthy of sth 意为“值得……”，故填 worthy。worth 虽也表示“值得”，但作表语时后直接接名词或动名词（be worth doing），不接 of。that 引导定语从句修饰 attention，lavish sth on sth 意为“对……大量给予”。句意：画廊里似乎没有一件作品配得上评论家们对它的大加赞赏。 35. 【答案】Bathed　【考点】动词→过去分词（作状语） 【解析】be bathed in“沐浴在……之中”与主语 the ancient walls 是被动关系，用过去分词短语作状语，句首大写。bathe 在此不是“洗澡”，而是“（光线）洒满、使沐浴”。句意：古城墙沐浴在清晨苍白的光线中，仿佛属于另一个世纪。 36. 【答案】apparently　【考点】形容词→副词 【解析】空格修饰形容词 identical，须用副词 apparently“表面上，显然”。yet 表转折，a closer inspection 作主语，reveals 后接 that 宾语从句。句意：这两幅肖像表面上完全相同，但仔细检查会发现其中一幅出自左撇子画家之手。 37. 【答案】ambitious　【考点】名词→形容词 【解析】空格位于不定冠词 an 与名词 desire 之间，须用形容词；ambition n.“雄心”的形容词为 ambitious“宏大的，有雄心的”。过去分词短语 Driven by... 作原因状语，that 从句修饰 a tower，其中 no engineer... believed 是否定前置。句意：出于一种渴望被铭记的雄心，这位建筑师设计了一座当时没有一位工程师相信能站得住的塔。 38. 【答案】enormously　【考点】形容词→副词 【解析】increase 在此是不及物动词，其后只能接副词作状语，故填 enormously“极其，非常”。which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容；force sb to do sth 中不定式作宾补。句意：自工程开始以来，修复壁画的费用增长得极为惊人，这迫使基金会向公众募捐。 39. 【答案】comprehension　【考点】形容词→名词 【解析】介词 beyond 后须接名词，comprehensive adj.“全面的”对应的名词是 comprehension“理解（力）”，beyond one's comprehension 意为“超出某人的理解能力”。so... that... 引导结果状语从句。句意：馆长对透视法的解释太专业，远远超出了大多数参观者的理解能力。 40. 【答案】inspection　【考点】动词→名词 【解析】介词 During 后、形容词 safety 之后须用名词，inspect vt.“检查”的名词为 inspection“检查，视察”，safety inspection 意为“安全检查”。that 从句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示在发现之前已经发生的损坏。句意：在年度安全检查中，工程师们发现博物馆几件最古老的画框已被潮气损坏。 41. 【答案】exposure　【考点】动词→名词 【解析】复合形容词 long-term 后须接名词，expose vt. 的名词为 exposure“接触，暴露”，exposure to sth 为固定搭配，此处作句子主语。rob sb of sth 意为“使某人失去某物”，of confidence in his own judgement 是其宾语补足部分。句意：长期接触评论家的各种观点，渐渐使这位年轻画家对自己的判断失去了信心。 42. 【答案】politician　【考点】形容词→名词（人） 【解析】不定冠词 a 后须接表示身份的名词，political adj.“政治的”对应的指人名词为 politician“政治家，政客”。which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句内容；how decisions were made 是介词 of 的宾语从句。句意：在转行写作之前，他做过近二十年政客，这让他对决策如何作出有了内部视角。 43. 【答案】exhibition　【考点】动词→名词 【解析】不定冠词 a 与形容词 special 之后须用名词，exhibit v.“展出”的名词为 exhibition“展览（会）”，hold an exhibition 意为“举办展览”。some of which 引导非限制性定语从句，in their own right 意为“本身，就其自身而言”。句意：美术馆正在举办一个《清明上河图》临本特展，其中一些临本本身已被视为珍宝。 44. 【答案】Rarely　【考点】形容词→副词＋否定词置句首引起部分倒装 【解析】rare adj.“稀少的”的副词为 rarely“很少，难得”。否定意义的副词置于句首时句子须部分倒装，故后面是 has a painting... attracted 而非 a painting has attracted。such... as... 构成比较。句意：很少有北宋画作能像这幅长卷去年冬天那样吸引如此多的观众。 45. 【答案】historically　【考点】形容词→副词 【解析】空格修饰形容词 significant，须用副词 historically“在历史上”。for 引导原因状语从句，其中 it was here that... 是强调句型，强调地点状语 here。注意 historic 意为“有历史意义的”，historical 意为“与历史有关的”。句意：这座建筑在历史上意义重大，因为第一次印象派展览就是在这里筹划的。 46. 【答案】arrangement　【考点】动词→名词 【解析】定冠词 The 后作主语须用名词，arrange v.“布置，安排”的名词为 arrangement“排列，布置”。neither... nor... 连接两个并列宾语；which 引导非限制性定语从句指代整个主句。句意：展厅中画作的排列既不按年代也不按主题，这让许多参观者困惑。 47. 【答案】architect　【考点】名词→名词（人） 【解析】定语从句 who designed... 说明先行词指人，architecture n.“建筑学”对应的指人名词为 architect“建筑师”。make sure that... 意为“确保”，it houses 是省略关系词的定语从句修饰 the paintings。句意：设计新翼的建筑师确保这座建筑不会与它所收藏的画作争辉。 48. 【答案】precision　【考点】形容词→名词 【解析】介词 with 后须接名词，precise adj. 的名词为 precision“精确（度）”，with such precision 意为“以如此高的精确度”。such... that... 引导结果状语从句，tell 后接 which 引导的宾语从句。句意：这次修复进行得如此精确，连专家都分辨不出壁画哪些部分被修补过。 49. 【答案】precisely　【考点】形容词→副词（强调用法） 【解析】precisely because... 意为“正是因为……”，副词 precisely 修饰原因状语从句，起强调作用。全句又是 It was... that... 强调句型，被强调部分是 because 引导的原因状语从句。句意：正是因为这幅长卷极其脆弱，它才很少向公众展出。 50. 【答案】critic　【考点】形容词→名词（人） 【解析】不定冠词 an 后须接表示身份的名词，critical adj.“批评的”对应的指人名词为 critic“批评家，评论家”，an art critic 意为“艺术评论家”。As... 是介词短语作状语，yet 表转折。句意：作为一家全国性报纸的艺术评论家，她评过数百场展览，却仍清楚地记得第一场。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $