Unit 3 Make it happen! 单元培优测试卷 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

八年级英语（外研）上册单元培优测试卷 Unit 3 Make it happen! （考试时间90分钟　满分100分） 注意事项 1. 本试卷不含听力部分，共六大题，满分100分，考试时间90分钟。 2. 答题前，请将姓名、班级、考号填写在试卷密封线内规定的位置。 3. 请用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔答题，答案必须写在答题区域内。 一、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分。） 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last term, our science teacher gave the class a challenge: find a small problem in daily life and (1)______ it with your own hands. Twelve-year-old Zhou Tong noticed that his grandmother often forgot to (2)______ the gas after cooking. "That is really dangerous," he thought. "I must do something about it." He decided (3)______ a simple alarm. He bought a small sensor, a battery and a buzzer online. For two weeks, he spent every evening in his room. His first two models (4)______ completely — one kept ringing all night, and the other never rang at all. Zhou Tong did not give up. He kept a notebook and wrote down (5)______ every failure happened. "I learned more from my mistakes than from my successes," he says. On his fifth try, the alarm finally worked (6)______. It rings loudly whenever the gas stays on for more than ten minutes. His teacher was deeply (7)______. "Many students can answer questions in class," she says, "but few of them can turn an (8)______ into a real product." Later that spring, Zhou Tong's invention won a prize at the city's youth science fair. Several companies have contacted him. They hope (9)______ can turn his idea into a real product for old people. "An inventor does not need to be a genius," Zhou Tong says. "He only needs to notice what others ignore and keep trying (10)______ he succeeds." 1. A. describe B. copy C. solve D. avoid 2. A. turn off B. put on C. give up D. look after 3. A. making B. to make C. made D. make 4. A. worked B. helped C. appeared D. failed 5. A. what B. which C. why D. who 6. A. luckily B. suddenly C. quietly D. properly 7. A. worried B. touched C. bored D. frightened 8. A. order B. answer C. story D. idea 9. A. he B. it C. they D. we 10. A. because B. although C. unless D. until 二、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分。） 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 阅读下面某中学“校园发明展”的活动安排表，完成各小题。 Time Activity Place For whom 9:00 – 10:00 Opening: how young inventors think School hall All students 10:00 – 11:30 Try-it zone: test 20 student inventions Science building, Room 101 Everyone (sign up first) 14:00 – 15:00 Talk: from idea to product Library, 2nd floor Grade 8 students 15:00 – 16:30 Team challenge: build a water-saving tool Science building, Room 205 Teams of four 19:00 – 20:00 Award ceremony & sharing School hall All students and parents All activities are free. Students who want to join the try-it zone must sign up at the science office before 8 October. 11. Which activity is designed for teams of four? A. The opening speech. B. The try-it zone. C. The talk in the library. D. The team challenge. 12. Where will the talk at 14:00 be held? A. In the school hall. B. In the library. C. In Room 101. D. In Room 205. 13. What can we learn about the activities? A. They are all free but some need signing up. B. They all take place in the school hall. C. They are only open to Grade 8 students. D. They all last for two hours. B Do you have to be a genius to become an inventor? The answer is no. Many of the most useful inventions in history came from ordinary people who simply noticed a problem and refused to accept it. Take the band-aid. In 1920, an American clerk named Earle Dickson married a woman who often cut herself while cooking. Every day he had to prepare long strips of cloth for her wounds. One evening he had an idea: why not put small pieces of cloth on ready-made tape so she could use them by herself? His simple idea became one of the world's best-selling products. Or think of the sticky note. In 1968, a scientist tried to make a very strong glue but failed — the glue was so weak that paper could be peeled off easily. For years the result was useless. Then another scientist realised that this "failure" was actually perfect for marking pages in a book without damaging it. Today, sticky notes are used in offices and classrooms everywhere. What do these stories tell us? First, an inventor must be a careful observer. Second, an inventor must be willing to fail many times. And third, an inventor must be brave enough to ask a simple question: "What if we tried it another way?" "Every invention begins with a small inconvenience that someone decides to fix," one science writer explains. "You don't need a laboratory. You need curiosity and patience." 14. What was Earle Dickson's job? A. A famous scientist. B. A factory manager. C. An ordinary office clerk. D. A university professor. 15. What was the scientist trying to make in 1968? A. A new kind of paper. B. A simple office machine. C. A special kind of ink. D. A very strong glue. 16. What does the story of the sticky note tell us? A. Failure is always a waste of time. B. A failed result may become useful in another way. C. Weak glue has no use at all. D. Only scientists can invent new things. 17. What does an inventor need according to the science writer? A. A large laboratory. B. A lot of money. C. Curiosity and patience. D. A university degree. C The 40th National Youth Science and Technology Innovation Competition was held in Xi'an in July 2026. Nearly 700 young people from all over the country took part, and teams from all six continents joined the event for the first time. Walking through the hall, visitors could see a surprising variety of ideas. Some students designed devices that collect water from the air for farmers in dry areas. Others invented tools to help people with disabilities in daily life. One team even built a small robot that can pick up rubbish from the surface of lakes. According to the organisers, what impresses the judges most is not how complex the technology is, but whether an invention solves a real problem for real people. This year's competition also paid special attention to environmental protection, and many entries were related to saving energy, reducing waste or protecting wildlife. Different from previous years, the competition no longer gave first, second or third prizes. Instead, about ten percent of the young inventors received the Chairman's Award of the China Association for Science and Technology. Organisers said that young people today are not waiting to grow up before they change the world. They are already looking around, asking questions and trying to make things better. 18. Where was the 40th National Youth Science and Technology Innovation Competition held? A. In Gansu. B. In Guangdong. C. In Yunnan. D. In Xi'an. 19. What impresses the judges most according to the text? A. How much money it can save. B. Whether it solves a real problem. C. How beautiful it looks. D. How many parts it has. 20. What did this year's competition pay special attention to? A. Saving energy and protecting wildlife. B. Winning international prizes. C. Building larger machines. D. Selling products to companies. 21. What do the organisers say about young people today? A. They are already trying to make things better. B. They should wait until they grow up. C. They only care about winning prizes. D. They cannot solve real problems. D When Lin Yue was in Grade Seven, she hated doing homework in a dark room. The desk lamp in her home was either too bright or too dim, and she often had a headache after studying. "Why can't a lamp be as smart as my phone?" she wondered. That question started a two-year journey. Lin Yue began by reading about light. She learned that different tasks need different levels of brightness: reading a book needs less light than drawing a picture, and using a computer needs less than both. She also found that the colour of light affects how tired our eyes feel. In Grade Eight, she decided to build a prototype. With the help of her physics teacher, she connected a small sensor to a lamp. The sensor measures the light in the room and adjusts the lamp automatically. She then spent three months writing a simple programme that lets users choose between "reading", "drawing" and "screen" modes. The first prototype was ugly — wires were everywhere, and the lamp sometimes turned itself off for no reason. But Lin Yue kept improving it. By the end of Grade Eight, her lamp could save about 30 percent of electricity compared with an ordinary one. "The hardest part was not the technology," she says. "It was believing that a fourteen-year-old could really make something useful." Her invention now sits in the school's science corner. Younger students often stop to try it. "If my lamp can make one student's eyes feel better," Lin Yue says, "then all those evenings were worth it." 22. Why did Lin Yue decide to make a smart lamp? A. Her desk lamp was broken. B. Her teacher asked her to do so. C. She often had headaches from poor light. D. She wanted to win a competition. 23. What did Lin Yue learn about light? A. Different tasks need different brightness. B. All lamps should be very bright. C. Colour has nothing to do with eyes. D. Computers need the most light. 24. What was special about Lin Yue's final lamp? A. It looked beautiful and modern. B. It worked perfectly from the start. C. It saved about 30 percent of electricity. D. It could be controlled by a phone. 25. What was the hardest part for Lin Yue? A. Technology is too hard for teenagers. B. The lamp made her famous at school. C. She doubted whether a teenager could make something useful. D. She regretted spending so much time on it. 三、任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分。） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成各小题的任务。 How does an idea become an invention? Here is a four-step method that many science teachers recommend to their students. Step one: observe. Carry a small notebook for a week and write down every small inconvenience you notice — a heavy schoolbag, a tap that keeps dripping, a queue that never moves. Do not judge whether an idea is good or bad; just collect them. Step two: choose. At the end of the week, read your notes again. Choose the problem that appears most often, or the one that worries you most. A good invention usually starts with a problem that many people share. Step three: design and test. Draw your idea on paper first. Then build the simplest possible model, even if it is made of cardboard. Test it, find out what goes wrong, and change it. Most successful student inventions have been rebuilt at least five times. Step four: share. Show your invention to others and listen carefully to their advice. A classmate may notice a problem you never thought of. Sharing also helps you find people who can help you make it better. In short, an inventor is not someone who has a brilliant idea once. An inventor is someone who keeps improving a simple idea until it truly works. 26. What should students do in the first step? 27. Which problem should students choose in step two? 28. 根据短文内容，完成下面的发明四步法梳理，每空不超过3个词。 Step 1: ①______ small problems. Step 4: share and ②______ others' advice. 29. What does the writer mean by "An inventor is not someone who has a brilliant idea once"? 回答不超过20词。 30. What small problem in your daily life would you like to solve? 回答不少于20词。 四、补全对话（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分。） 根据对话内容，从方框内所给的七个选项中选出五个恰当的句子补全对话，使对话意思完整、通顺。 A. What gave you that idea? B. How long did it take you to make it? C. What does it do? D. It is just a piece of cardboard. E. Our science teacher asked us to invent something. F. Let me show you how it works. G. Do you think it will really work? Amy: Hi, Ben! What is that strange thing on your desk? Ben: It is my science project. Our science teacher asked us to invent something. Amy: 31. ______ Ben: It is a talking label for remote controls. It can help my grandfather find the right button. Amy: 32. ______ Ben: He is blind. He often presses the wrong button, so I wanted to help him. Amy: 33. ______ Ben: About three weeks. I made four models before this one. Amy: That is really patient of you. Ben: 34. ______ Amy: Great! I will press this red one. Ben: 35. ______ Amy: Yes, it says "power"! That is amazing. 五、语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分。） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Our school holds an invention week every October. Last year, my classmates and I decided (36)______ (take) part in it. My idea was simple: a bicycle light that turns on by itself. I enjoy (37)______ (ride) at night, but I often forget to switch on my light. One evening, I noticed that the street lamps light up automatically when it gets dark. "That is (38)______ (surprise) clever," I thought. "Why not borrow the same idea?" I (39)______ (build) the first model in two weeks. It was made (40)______ a small sensor, a battery and two LED lights. However, the light kept flashing (41)______ I rode over bumpy roads. My teacher suggested that I should fix the sensor more (42)______ (tight). I tried again and again, and finally the problem disappeared. The light now works (43)______ (perfect) even on the roughest roads. In the exhibition, more than fifty students stopped (44)______ (watch) my light turn on and off. One boy said he wanted to make one for his own bike. I told (45)______ that he could download my design online for free. At that moment, I understood that an invention becomes truly valuable when it helps others. 六、书面表达（满分15分。） 学校英文报 Young Inventors 栏目正在举办以“My Little Invention”为题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1. 你想解决生活中的什么小问题； 2. 你的小发明是什么，它是怎样工作的； 3. 这次发明经历带给你的感受或收获。 注意： 1. 词数80—100，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。 My Little Invention 　　Many small problems in our daily life can be solved with a little creativity. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案与解析 一、完形填空 1. C 解析：考查动词辨析（行为目标）。教师提出的挑战是“发现生活中的小问题并亲手解决它”，solve a problem 为固定搭配。“描述”、“复制”、“避免”都不能体现动手解决问题的要求。 2. A 解析：考查动词短语（生活场景）。后文说“这真的很危险”，说明奶奶常忘记“关掉”燃气，turn off the gas 符合语境。“穿上”、“放弃”、“照顾”均与燃气安全无关。 3. B 解析：考查非谓语动词（decide to do）。decide 后只能接动词不定式作宾语，故用 to make，这也是本单元的核心语法点。 4. D 解析：考查动词辨析（结果）。由破折号后的解释“一个整夜响个不停，另一个从不响”可知，前两个模型彻底失败了，fail 符合语境。“奏效”、“帮助”、“出现”均与后文的失败描述矛盾。 5. C 解析：考查宾语从句连接词。后文 every failure happened 结构完整，缺原因状语，故用 why 引导，表示“记录下每次失败的原因”。 6. D 解析：考查副词辨析（方式）。与前四次失败形成对比，第五次终于“正常地、正确地”工作，work properly 为常用搭配。“幸运地”、“突然”、“安静地”都不能说明功能正常。 7. B 解析：考查形容词辨析（情感反应）。学生把想法变成真实产品，老师深受感动，deeply touched 符合语境。“担忧的”、“厌烦的”、“害怕的”均与赞赏态度相反。 8. D 解析：考查名词辨析（抽象概念）。turn an idea into a real product 意为“把想法变成真实的产品”，与前文“课堂上能回答问题”形成对比。“命令”、“答案”、“故事”均不切题。 9. A 解析：考查代词。空处在宾语从句中作主语，指代前文的 Zhou Tong，故用 he。其余三项中，it 指物、they 指复数、we 指说话人一方，均与所指不符。 10. D 解析：考查从属连词（时间逻辑）。keep trying until he succeeds 意为“一直尝试直到成功”，until 表示动作持续到某一时刻。“因为”、“虽然”、“除非”都不能表达这层时间界限。 二、阅读理解 11. D 解析：表格信息检索题。第四行显示“团队挑战：制作节水工具”面向 Teams of four（四人小组），其余活动面向全体学生或八年级学生。 12. B 解析：细节题。表格第三行写明 14:00—15:00 的讲座在 Library, 2nd floor 举行。 13. A 解析：细节判断题。表后说明所有活动免费，但想参加体验区的学生须在 10 月 8 日前到科学办公室报名。B、C、D 三项均与表格信息矛盾。 14. C 解析：细节题。第二段明确指出创可贴的发明者 Earle Dickson 是一位普通的美国职员（an American clerk）。 15. D 解析：细节题。第三段说明便利贴源于一位科学家原本想研制“强力胶水”，结果做出的胶水粘性很弱。 16. B 解析：主旨推断题。第三段说明这个“失败品”后来被发现正好适合做书签标记，说明失败的成果可能在意想不到的地方发挥作用，该项概括准确。其余两项过于绝对，另一项与全文相反。 17. C 解析：引语理解题。末段科学作家明确指出发明不需要实验室，需要的是好奇心与耐心（curiosity and patience），该项为原文转述。 18. D 解析：细节题。首段明确指出第 40 届全国青少年科技创新大赛于 2026 年 7 月在西安举办。 19. B 解析：细节理解题。评委指出最打动他们的不是技术有多复杂，而是发明是否解决了真实的人的真实问题。 20. A 解析：细节题。第三段说明本届比赛特别关注环保，许多参赛作品与节能、减少浪费或保护野生动物有关。 21. A 解析：细节题。组织方表示当代青少年没有等到长大才开始改变世界，而是已经在观察、提问并努力让事情变好。 22. C 解析：细节题。首段说明林悦家的台灯不是太亮就是太暗，她学习后经常头痛，这成为她发明的起点。 23. A 解析：细节题。第三段指出她了解到不同任务需要不同亮度：读书比画画需要的光少，用电脑需要的光更少。 24. C 解析：细节题。第五段说明到八年级结束时，她的台灯比普通台灯节省约 30% 的电。 25. C 解析：引语理解题。她坦言最难的并非技术，而是“相信一个十四岁的孩子真的能做出有用的东西”，即克服自我怀疑。 三、任务型阅读 26. Observe and write down small inconveniences. 解析：细节查找题。第二段说明第一步是随身带小本子，记录一周内注意到的每一处不便。 27. The one that appears most often or worries them most. 解析：细节查找题。第三段指出应选择出现次数最多、或最令自己困扰的问题。 28. ① Observe　② listen to 解析：信息梳理题。第一空依据 Step one: observe；第二空依据 Step four: listen carefully to their advice，每空不超过 3 词。 29. Real inventors keep improving their ideas rather than relying on one sudden idea. 解析：句意概括题。抓住“发明家靠持续改进而非一次灵感”这一核心，限 20 词以内。 30. 示例：I would like to solve the problem of wet umbrellas in our classroom. I will design a small box that collects water at the school gate. 解析：开放性表达题。需写出具体问题并提出可行设想，不少于 20 词且语言规范。 四、补全对话 31. C 解析：后句 Ben 介绍“它是一个会说话的遥控器标签”，说明此处询问它的功能，该项“它是做什么用的”精准对应。 32. A 解析：后句 Ben 说明发明缘由（祖父失明常按错键），说明此处询问“是什么让你想到这个主意的”，该项完全匹配。 33. B 解析：后句回答 About three weeks，说明此处询问制作花了多长时间，该项与之对应。 34. F 解析：前句 Amy 称赞他有耐心，后句 Amy 说“好！我按这个红色的”，说明此处 Ben 主动示范用法，F 项衔接自然。 35. G 解析：后句 Amy 回答 Yes, it says "power"，说明此处 Ben 询问她是否觉得真的能用或请她确认效果，G 项符合语境。D、E 两项为干扰项。 五、语法填空 36. to take 解析：考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth 为固定搭配，后接动词不定式作宾语。 37. riding 解析：考查动名词作宾语。enjoy doing sth 意为“喜欢做某事”，enjoy 后只能接动名词。 38. surprisingly 解析：考查词性转换。修饰形容词 clever 须用副词形式，surprise 的副词为 surprisingly。 39. built 解析：考查一般过去时。全文叙述去年发生的事，时间状语 in two weeks 表明动作已完成，用过去式 built。 40. with 解析：考查介词。be made with 表示“由……制成（可见材料）”，此处列举传感器、电池与灯珠等部件。 41. when / whenever 解析：考查时间状语从句连词。表示“每当我骑过颠簸路面时”，用 when 或 whenever 引导。 42. tightly 解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词 fix 须用副词形式，tight 的副词为 tightly，意为“牢固地”。 43. perfectly 解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词 works 须用副词形式，perfect 的副词为 perfectly。 44. to watch 解析：考查非谓语动词。stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”，此处表示停下脚步来看灯亮起。 45. him 解析：考查代词。空处作 told 的宾语，指代前文的 One boy，故用宾格 him。 六、书面表达 参考范文 My Little Invention Many small problems in our daily life can be solved with a little creativity. In my home, my grandfather often forgets where he puts his glasses. So I decided to make a small talking box for him. I fixed a sensor and a buzzer inside an old pencil case. When he claps twice, the box rings and a recorded voice says, "Your glasses are on the table." I spent two weeks finishing it, and it works well now. This experience taught me that an inventor does not need to be a genius. He only needs to care about the people around him. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $