精品解析：上海民办尚德实验学校2026学年八年级第一学期第一次素养测评 英语试卷

2026学年八年级第一学期第一次素养测评 英语试卷 （满分：100分，考试时间：90分钟） Part 1 Listening（第一部分 听力）（共25分） I. Listening comprehension（听力理解）（本大题共20题，共25分） A. Listen and choose the right picture（根据听到的句子，选出相应的图片。每句播放两遍）（5分） A B C D E F 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________ B. Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to the question you hear.（根据听到的对话，选择最恰当的答案。对话和问题都播放两遍）（5分） 6. A. Peach pink. B. Creamy yellow. C. Soft green. 7. A. Rainy. B. Snowy. C. Sunny. 8. A. Pottery. B. Drama. C. Photography. 9. A. A good friend should help his / her friends. B. A good friend should be good-tempered. C. A good friend should always tells the truth. 10. A. The man enjoys following the latest fashion. B. The woman thinks following fashion is expensive. C. The man prefers to wear comfortable clothes. C. Listen and choose the best answer to each question.（根据听到的短文，选择最恰当的答案。短文播放两遍）（5分） 11. What is the relationship between Charlie and Billy? A. Brothers. B. Friends. C. Owner and pet. 12. What was wrong with Billy? A. His eye hurt. B. His leg hurt. C. His ear hurt. 13. Why did the owners set up a video camera? A. To teach the dogs new skills. B. To share videos on the Internet. C. To watch the dogs when they were away. 14. What did Charlie do to help Billy? A. He shared his food with Billy. B. He gave a toy to Billy. C. He pulled his bed closer to Billy. 15. How did people feel after watching the video online? A. Touched. B. Relaxed. C. Worried. D. Listen to the passage and complete the sentences with No More Than 3 Words.（根据听到的短文。完成句子。每空格不超过3词。短文播放两遍）（10分） 16. World Water Day was __________________ in 1993. 17. People produce wastewater in all __________________, including washing with machines, taking showers and using the kitchen. 18. Wherever it comes from, this kind of water is sure to have __________________ in it. 19. Wastewater causes __________________ for us and pollution for the environment. 20. Wastewater from homes can __________________ again. Part 2 Phonetics, Grammar and Vocabulary（共38分） （第二部分 语音、语法和词汇） Ⅱ. Complete the sentences with proper words according to the phonetic symbols.（根据所给音标用适当的单词完成句子，每空限填一词）（共3分） 1. ________ of people around the world cannot get clean water. /ˈbɪljənz/ 2. You should respect others’ ________ lives. /ˈpraɪvət/ 3. I felt ________ during the boring documentary. /bɔ:d/ Ⅲ. （共10分） Choose the best answer.（选择最恰当的答案） Water is the most important liquid in the world. People can live without food for a few weeks, but they can only live for a few days ____4____ water. Every part of our body needs water. Our blood is about 90% water. Our muscles and brains also have a lot of water. In some dry areas, ____5____ water is a daily fight. Women and children often spend hours ____6____ water from faraway places. The water they get is not always clean. This is a serious problem. The United Nations says that nearly one-quarter of the world’s population do not have access to safe drinking water. Climate change is making the problem ____7____. Some places are getting less rain than before. The ground becomes dry and hard. Lakes and rivers are disappearing. At the same time, the world population ____8____. More people need more water. This puts great pressure on our water ____9____. But there is still hope. Many organizations are ____10____ bringing clean water to communities. They build wells and teach people how to keep water clean. New technologies, ____11____ water purification tablets, help make dirty water drinkable. Even small actions can help. When we save water at home, we are helping to solve a global problem. We ____12____ remember that water is a precious resource. We should not take it for granted. The future of our planet ____13____ on how we use and protect our water today. 4. A. with B. without C. as 5. A. got B. get C. getting 6. A. carry B. to carry C. carrying 7. A. worse B. better C. bad 8. A. is growing B. has grown C. will grow 9. A. resources B. uses C. waste 10. A. working out B. working to C. working on 11. A. for example B. like C. because of 12. A. may B. can C. must 13. A. depends B. rely C. calls Ⅳ. （共8分） Choose the proper words or phrases in the box to complete the following passage. Each can be used only once. （从方框中选择最恰当选项填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次） A. no longer B. creation C. cheaper D. came up with E. more expensive The world’s first 3D-printed school was built in Malawi, Africa. This poor country does not have enough traditional classrooms for its children. Many kids have to study under trees or in broken buildings. A company called 14 Trees ____14____ a clever solution. They used a large 3D printer to create the walls of a school. The printer worked like a robot, putting down layer after layer of a special kind of concrete. The ____15____ of this school took only 18 hours! Building a normal school of the same size would take many months. The new technology makes it much faster and ____16____. Soon after the first school was finished, more than 200 children began their learning there. The students were amazed by their new classroom. They ____17____ had to worry about rain or wind during lessons. A. solve B. deal C. materials D. developing E. difficulties This project is a great achievement for both the company and the local people. The technology could help ____18____ the problem of not having enough schools in many ____19____ countries. Some experts believe that 3D printing will change the way we build houses, bridges and even hospitals in the future. However, there are still some ____20____. The 3D printers are very expensive at the moment. Also, not every place has the right ____21____ for printing. But the company is working hard to make the technology widely available. They hope that one day every child in the world can study in a real classroom. Ⅴ.Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词。）（共7分） 22. We should stop putting dangerous ________ into the ground. (chemical) 23. Chemicals are needed for wastewater ________, which costs a lot of money. (treat) 24. She ________ watches TV because she is busy with her study. (rare) 25. His parents ________ him when he decided to do research on pollution. (support) 26. We can put up signs or show videos to raise ________ of water protection. (aware) 27. It is clear that their lectures ________ some key points. (including) 28. Some human activities do not pollute rivers directly, but they bring ________ harm to water resources. (direct) Ⅵ. Complete the following sentences as required.（根据所给要求完成句子）（共10分） 29. There is little water in the glass on the table. (改为反意疑问句) There is little water in the glass on the table, ________ ________? 30. Ships and boats sank in the sea after the typhoon came. (就划线部分提问) ________ did ships and boats ________ in the sea? 31. The air-conditioned classrooms are really comfortable. (改成感叹句) ________ ________ the air-conditioned classrooms are! 32. Be quick! The football game will begin immediately. (保持句意基本不变) Be quick! The football game will begin ________ ________. 33. with, millions of people, drinking water, The project, will, safe, provide （连词成句） ________________________________________________ Part 3 Reading and Writing（共37分） （第三部分 读写） Ⅶ. Reading comprehension.（阅读理解） A. （共6分） Below are five instructions related to AI and six specific examples. Choose the most suitable answers. （配对阅读，左栏是五则向AI提问的指引，右栏是6个具体的例子，请为每则指引匹配对应的例子。） ____34____ Don’t use general questions when you ask AI for instructions. Instead, ask it to give you clear tips. ____35____ Make no mistakes in your questions, or you may not get correct answers. ____36____ AI can answer questions about facts. But don’t try to ask it for other people’s private information. ____37____ If you are not happy with a picture AI creates, give it more instructions until you get what you like. ____38____ It’s better to tell AI who you are. In this way, you’ll get answers that meet your needs. A. If you are wondering about the population of Canada, questions like “What is the popular of Canada?” will not help you get the correct answer. B. Instead of asking “How do I cook a meal?” you can say “What are the steps to make a pancake with a pan?” C. If you tell AI “Guess if I’m happy today”, it will fail to do it because it has no ability to judge human feelings. D. If you aren’t satisfied with the picture AI draws, give more requirements like “Please add a pink window and paint the walls yellow.” E. For a student who wants to improve his English reading, it is better to ask questions like “How can I improve my English reading as a Grade 9 student?” F. If you ask “Could you tell me the address of my deskmate?” AI will refuse to give you the answer because it is designed to protect people’s personal information. B. Choose the best answer.（根据以下内容。选择最恰当的答案。）（共6分） Choose the best answer. (根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案。) The Marvellers (by Dhonielle Clayton) Age: 8-10 Genre: Adventure Novel Plot: Ella is 11 years old. She goes to a magic school in the clouds. There, students from all over the world learn magic. They make special drinks and talk to some magical animals. Ella and her friends have an exciting adventure together. Why Jackie likes this book: What an amazing magic story! It is a perfect children’s book. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Night Animals (by Sarah Ann Juckes) Age: 4-6 Genre: Children’s Story Plot: Nora is having a hard time at home because of her mum’s illness. Then, some colourful night animals start appearing. Nora meets a new friend named Kwame at school. They follow a fox,a rabbit, and other night animals. Can these animals help Nora find the strength she needs to help her family? Why Jackie likes this book: It’s a must-read for children. It helps them understand what it really means to be strong. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Detention Detectives (by Lis Jardine) Age:10-12 Genre: Detective Story Plot: A theft happens at Hanbridge High School. Three students, Jonno, Lydia, and Daniel, want to find out who did it. Can they solve the crime? This is the first book in a fun detective series. Kids who like detective stories will love it. Why Jackie likes this book: It’s hard to find out who the real suspect is. The ending is so surprising. I’m looking forward to the next story. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wildoak (by C. C. Harington) Age:13 and above Genre:Real-life Story Plot: Maggie goes to Cornwall to stay with her grandpa. She finds a snowleopard cub（雪豹幼崽）hiding in a forest. When people see the cub, trouble starts. This story from the 1960s shows how animals, people, and nature are connected. Why Jackie likes this book: Maggie is such a kind-hearted protector of the natural world. The story teaches me everything about humans and animals. Written by Jackie Posted on December 14, 2024 39. Which of the following books is mainly about friendship, magic and adventure? A. The Marvellers. B. The Night Animals. C. The Detention Detectives. D. Wildoak. 40. The underlined word “Genre” probably means the ________ of the book. A. name B. audience C. type D. price 41. ________ gets help from some magical animals to care for her family. A. Ella B. Nora C. Lydia D. Maggie 42. Among the four books, ________ book is suitable both for teenagers and adults. A. Dhonielle Clayton’s B. Sarah Ann Juckes’ C. Lis Jardine’s D. C. C. Harington’s 43. Which of the following is True? A. Nora and Kwarne study in a magic school in the clouds. B. The Marvellers helps children understand what a strong mind is like. C. Jackie finds it enjoyable to solve the case quickly in The Detention Detectives. D. Wildoak shows the relationship among humans, animals and nature. 44. You can probably find this material ________. A. in a magazine B. in a travel guide C. on a website D. on a noticeboard ChatGPT: Surprising Truths About How AI Chatbots Actually Work Tech AI chatbots have already become ____45____ in people’s lives, but how many people really know how they work? Some of the most surprising information about AI chatbots can help us understand how they work. Here are two key things you should know: 1. They are trained by human responses AI chatbots all need different training steps, beginning with pre-training. This allows them to ____46____ a general understanding of language. If asked: “How to cheat others?" in the pre-training phase, an AI might give you detailed steps. While as cheating others are not ____47____, human trainers can help guide AI to proper responses. After that, an AI chatbot might answer something like: “I’m sorry, but I can’t ____48____ that information. If you have trouble, I suggest you face it bravely and treat others ____49____ instead of cheating others. I’m sure you can find your best way to solve it.” 2. Their knowledge should be ____50____ every day AI chatbots can’t update their own knowledge, so they may be confused with recent events, new technology or anything after their knowledge cut-off. A knowledge cut-off refers to the last point in time when an AI chatbot’s training data was updated, meaning it doesn’t have awareness of events ____51____ that date. Upgrading AI chatbots costs a lot and is very important. But how to update their knowledge well is still a problem that scientists haven’t solved yet. With these facts in mind, we can make better use of AI in our life. 45. A. different B. thankful C. popular D. digital 46. A. limit B. freeze C. develop D. cover 47. A. interested B. checked C. rated D. expected 48. A. hide B. provide C. warn D. detect 49. A. hurriedly B. honestly C. politely D. suddenly 50. A. updated B. saved C. cared D. included 51. A. after B. beyond C. while D. until Heavy raindrops started falling as Alex looked up, feeling disappointed. Of all days, it had to rain on the day of his basketball trial (选拔赛) for the national team. Holding his sports bag tightly, he ran toward the bus stop. His umbrella hardly kept him dry, and the bus was nowhere in sight. Alex’s family was going through a hard time. His father, the only one working, had been sick for months and could not work. Alex wanted to change that. If he got into the national team, he could earn money and live his dream of being a professional player. When Alex finally got off the bus, he still had to walk to the basketball court. As he rushed through the busy street, he saw an old woman at the edge of the road, looking confused. Cars beeped (鸣笛) as they passed her. Even though he was in a hurry, he stepped forward. “I can’t find the bus stop,” she said nervously. “Don’t worry. I’ll help you,” Alex replied. He led her across the road and waited with her until her bus arrived. Alex turned back to continue his trip. Just then, a car drove past a puddle (水坑) and threw a lot of dirty water onto his shoes. He felt upset, but he had no time to waste. He ran towards the basketball court. Fifteen minutes late, Alex finally arrived. The other players were already on the court, wearing clean sports clothes. Alex, with his wet socks and messy clothes, felt out of place. But he wasn’t going to give up. He explained his delay to the officials, apologizing. To his surprise, they gave him a chance. Alex gave his best in the trials, showing great teamwork and skill. Later that day, his phone rang — it was the basketball team. He had made it. His hard work had finally paid off. 52. Alex was disappointed with the weather, wasn’t he? ___________________________________ 53. What happened to Alex’s father? ___________________________________ 54. Why did Alex want to join the national team? ___________________________________ 55. How did Alex’s clothes get dirty? ___________________________________ 56. What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase in Paragraph 7? ___________________________________ 57. What kind of person do you think Alex is? Use two different qualities to describe Alex and explain your reasons with examples from the text. ___________________________________ Ⅷ. Writing（写作）（共10分） 58. 在日常生活中，我们常常忽视水的重要性。假如你是李华，请以“Let’s value water!”为题，给全校同学写一封不少于60词的倡议书。在倡议书中，阐述水的重要性，提供一些节水护水的建议和方法，并呼吁大家重视水源。 Let’s value water! Dear schoolmates, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026学年八年级第一学期第一次素养测评 英语试卷 （满分：100分，考试时间：90分钟） Part 1 Listening（第一部分 听力）（共25分） I. Listening comprehension（听力理解）（本大题共20题，共25分） A. Listen and choose the right picture（根据听到的句子，选出相应的图片。每句播放两遍）（5分） A B C D E F 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________ B. Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to the question you hear.（根据听到的对话，选择最恰当的答案。对话和问题都播放两遍）（5分） 6. A. Peach pink. B. Creamy yellow. C. Soft green. 7. A. Rainy. B. Snowy. C. Sunny. 8. A. Pottery. B. Drama. C. Photography. 9. A. A good friend should help his / her friends. B. A good friend should be good-tempered. C. A good friend should always tells the truth. 10. A. The man enjoys following the latest fashion. B. The woman thinks following fashion is expensive. C. The man prefers to wear comfortable clothes. C. Listen and choose the best answer to each question.（根据听到的短文，选择最恰当的答案。短文播放两遍）（5分） 11. What is the relationship between Charlie and Billy? A. Brothers. B. Friends. C. Owner and pet. 12. What was wrong with Billy? A. His eye hurt. B. His leg hurt. C. His ear hurt. 13. Why did the owners set up a video camera? A. To teach the dogs new skills. B. To share videos on the Internet. C. To watch the dogs when they were away. 14. What did Charlie do to help Billy? A. He shared his food with Billy. B. He gave a toy to Billy. C. He pulled his bed closer to Billy. 15. How did people feel after watching the video online? A. Touched. B. Relaxed. C. Worried. D. Listen to the passage and complete the sentences with No More Than 3 Words.（根据听到的短文。完成句子。每空格不超过3词。短文播放两遍）（10分） 16. World Water Day was __________________ in 1993. 17. People produce wastewater in all __________________, including washing with machines, taking showers and using the kitchen. 18. Wherever it comes from, this kind of water is sure to have __________________ in it. 19. Wastewater causes __________________ for us and pollution for the environment. 20. Wastewater from homes can __________________ again. Part 2 Phonetics, Grammar and Vocabulary（共38分） （第二部分 语音、语法和词汇） Ⅱ. Complete the sentences with proper words according to the phonetic symbols.（根据所给音标用适当的单词完成句子，每空限填一词）（共3分） 1. ________ of people around the world cannot get clean water. /ˈbɪljənz/ 【答案】Billions 【解析】 【详解】句意：全世界数十亿人无法获得清洁的水。根据音标提示可知，对应的单词为billions，billions of表示“数十亿的”，用来形容数量极多，句子首字母大写。 2. You should respect others’ ________ lives. /ˈpraɪvət/ 【答案】private 【解析】 【详解】句意：你应该尊重别人的私人生活。根据音标/ˈpraɪvət /可判断单词为private，private是形容词，放在名词lives前作定语，修饰名词，应填private。 3. I felt ________ during the boring documentary. /bɔ:d/ 【答案】bored 【解析】 【详解】句意：看这部无聊的纪录片时，我感到很无聊。felt“感觉，感到”为系动词，后接形容词作表语；此处描述人的感受，音标/bɔ:d/对应形容词bored“无聊的”，与“the boring documentary”的语境相符。 Ⅲ. （共10分） Choose the best answer.（选择最恰当的答案） Water is the most important liquid in the world. People can live without food for a few weeks, but they can only live for a few days ____4____ water. Every part of our body needs water. Our blood is about 90% water. Our muscles and brains also have a lot of water. In some dry areas, ____5____ water is a daily fight. Women and children often spend hours ____6____ water from faraway places. The water they get is not always clean. This is a serious problem. The United Nations says that nearly one-quarter of the world’s population do not have access to safe drinking water. Climate change is making the problem ____7____. Some places are getting less rain than before. The ground becomes dry and hard. Lakes and rivers are disappearing. At the same time, the world population ____8____. More people need more water. This puts great pressure on our water ____9____. But there is still hope. Many organizations are ____10____ bringing clean water to communities. They build wells and teach people how to keep water clean. New technologies, ____11____ water purification tablets, help make dirty water drinkable. Even small actions can help. When we save water at home, we are helping to solve a global problem. We ____12____ remember that water is a precious resource. We should not take it for granted. The future of our planet ____13____ on how we use and protect our water today. 4. A. with B. without C. as 5. A. got B. get C. getting 6. A. carry B. to carry C. carrying 7. A. worse B. better C. bad 8. A. is growing B. has grown C. will grow 9. A. resources B. uses C. waste 10. A. working out B. working to C. working on 11. A. for example B. like C. because of 12. A. may B. can C. must 13. A. depends B. rely C. calls 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. A 【解析】 【导语】本文阐述水的重要性及全球缺水现状，分析气候变化与人口增长带来的影响，介绍保护措施，呼吁人们珍惜水资源。 【4题详解】 句意：人们没有食物可以存活数周，但没有水只能活几天。 前文提到没有食物的存活时间，but转折后对应“没有水”的情况，without“没有”符合逻辑；with“有”与文意相反，as“作为”不符合语义。 【5题详解】 句意：在一些干旱地区，获取水是每天的斗争。 此处是动名词短语作句子主语，get water意为“取水”，动名词形式getting符合语法规则；got为过去式，get为动词原形，均不能作主语。 【6题详解】 句意：妇女和儿童经常花几个小时从很远的地方运水。 spend time doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，要用动名词形式carrying；carry为原形，to carry为不定式，均不符合搭配规则。 【7题详解】 句意：气候变化正在使问题变得更糟。 前文已经提出缺水是严峻的问题，此处说明气候变化加剧了问题，worse“更糟糕的”符合递进逻辑；better“更好的”与文意相悖，bad为原级，不能体现变化的趋势。 【8题详解】 句意：同时，世界人口正在增长。 此处描述和气候变化同时发生的变化，用现在进行时is growing强调人口持续增长的状态，和前文is making时态一致；has grown为现在完成时，will grow为将来时，均不能体现“同时变化”的语境。 【9题详解】 句意：这给我们的水资源带来了巨大的压力。 water resources是固定搭配，意为“水资源”，符合人口增长对供水造成压力的语境；uses“用途”、waste“浪费”均不符合搭配与语义。 【10题详解】 句意：许多组织正致力于将清洁水带给社区。 work on doing sth.意为“致力于做某事”，on为介词，后接动名词bringing，符合语法与语境；work out意为“解决；算出”，work to后接动词原形，均不符合此处结构。 【11题详解】 句意：新技术，像净水片，帮助使脏水可饮用。 此处是举例说明具体的新技术，like“比如”后直接接例子，符合用法；for example作插入语时前后需加逗号，because of“因为”表原因，均不符合举例逻辑。 【12题详解】 句意：我们必须记住水是珍贵资源。 此处是强烈的呼吁语气，must“必须”契合强调水资源重要性的语境；may“可能”、can“能够”语气过轻，不符合呼吁的态度。 【13题详解】 句意：地球的未来取决于我们今天如何使用和保护水资源。 depend on是固定搭配，意为“取决于”；主语the future为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式depends；rely为原形，calls“呼叫”均不符合搭配与语义。 Ⅳ. （共8分） Choose the proper words or phrases in the box to complete the following passage. Each can be used only once. （从方框中选择最恰当选项填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次） A. no longer B. creation C. cheaper D. came up with E. more expensive The world’s first 3D-printed school was built in Malawi, Africa. This poor country does not have enough traditional classrooms for its children. Many kids have to study under trees or in broken buildings. A company called 14 Trees ____14____ a clever solution. They used a large 3D printer to create the walls of a school. The printer worked like a robot, putting down layer after layer of a special kind of concrete. The ____15____ of this school took only 18 hours! Building a normal school of the same size would take many months. The new technology makes it much faster and ____16____. Soon after the first school was finished, more than 200 children began their learning there. The students were amazed by their new classroom. They ____17____ had to worry about rain or wind during lessons. A. solve B. deal C. materials D. developing E. difficulties This project is a great achievement for both the company and the local people. The technology could help ____18____ the problem of not having enough schools in many ____19____ countries. Some experts believe that 3D printing will change the way we build houses, bridges and even hospitals in the future. However, there are still some ____20____. The 3D printers are very expensive at the moment. Also, not every place has the right ____21____ for printing. But the company is working hard to make the technology widely available. They hope that one day every child in the world can study in a real classroom. 【答案】14. D 15. B 16. C 17. A 18. A 19. D 20. E 21. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了非洲马拉维建造了世界上第一所3D打印学校，讲述了其建造过程、优势（速度快、成本低）以及目前面临的一些挑战。 【14题详解】 句意：一家名为14 Trees的公司想出了一个聪明的解决办法。句子缺少谓语动词，根据下文“They used”可知，时态为一般过去时，宾语为a clever solution，应是想出了解决办法，came up with“想出”。 【15题详解】 句意：这所学校的建造只花了18个小时！定冠词The后接名词作主语，下文提到建造一所同样规模的普通学校需要几个月，此处指这所学校的建造只花了18个小时，creation“创造；建造”。 【16题详解】 句意：新技术使它更快且更便宜。and连接并列成分，faster为比较级，此处也需填比较级；新技术提高效率通常会降低成本，且该国贫困，cheaper“更便宜的”符合逻辑。 【17题详解】 句意：他们在上课时再也不用担心下雨或刮风了。此处修饰动词短语had to worry，有了新学校后状况好转，应是再也不用担心上课时下雨或刮风，no longer“不再”。 【18题详解】 句意：这项技术可以帮助解决许多发展中国家学校不足的问题。help (to) do sth“帮助做某事”，宾语为the problem，应是帮助解决问题，solve“解决”，deal通常需与with连用。 【19题详解】 句意：这项技术可以帮助解决许多发展中国家学校不足的问题。此处修饰名词countries，developing countries意为“发展中国家”，符合马拉维的国情。 【20题详解】 句意：然而，仍然有一些困难。下文提到3D打印机非常昂贵，However表示转折，引出负面信息，difficulties“困难”符合语境。 【21题详解】 句意：而且，不是每个地方都有合适的打印材料。此处作has的宾语，3D打印需要特定的混凝土等材料，materials“材料”。 Ⅴ.Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词。）（共7分） 22. We should stop putting dangerous ________ into the ground. (chemical) 【答案】chemicals 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们应该停止把危险的化学物质埋入地下。形容词dangerous修饰名词。chemical作名词表示“化学物质”时为可数名词，此处表示泛指，需用复数形式，填chemicals。 23. Chemicals are needed for wastewater ________, which costs a lot of money. (treat) 【答案】treatment 【解析】 【详解】句意：化学物质被需要来处理废水，这花了很多的钱。根据“for wastewater”结合所给词可知需要表示“处理废水”这一含义，要使用treat的名词treatment，表示“处理”。故填treatment。 24. She ________ watches TV because she is busy with her study. (rare) 【答案】rarely 【解析】 【详解】句意：她很少看电视，因为她忙于学业。此处需用副词修饰动词watches。根据“because she is busy with her study”，此处表示忙于学业而很少看电视，形容词rare变为副词rarely，表示“很少，少有地”。 25. His parents ________ him when he decided to do research on pollution. (support) 【答案】 supported 【解析】 【详解】句意：当他决定研究污染问题时，他的父母支持他。句中when引导的时间状语从句使用一般过去时，主从句时态保持一致，主句也要用一般过去时。support的过去式直接加-ed，故填supported。 26. We can put up signs or show videos to raise ________ of water protection. (aware) 【答案】awareness 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们可以张贴标语或播放视频来提高人们对水资源保护的意识。句中raise是及物动词，其后需接名词作宾语，且空格与of water protection构成“对……的意识”这一搭配，需用名词；aware是形容词，其名词形式为awareness，是不可数名词，故填awareness。 27. It is clear that their lectures ________ some key points. (including) 【答案】 include 【解析】 【详解】句意：很明显，他们的讲座包含了一些要点。including“包括”，介词；句子为that引导的主语从句，从句缺少谓语，应用动词形式include“包括；包含”。主语their lectures为复数，且句子陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词应用原形。 28. Some human activities do not pollute rivers directly, but they bring ________ harm to water resources. (direct) 【答案】 indirect 【解析】 【详解】句意：一些人类活动并不直接污染河流，但是它们对水资源带来间接的危害。句中修饰名词harm要用形容词。direct是形容词“直接的”，根据but的转折含义，此处表达“间接的”，用direct的反义词indirect。 Ⅵ. Complete the following sentences as required.（根据所给要求完成句子）（共10分） 29. There is little water in the glass on the table. (改为反意疑问句) There is little water in the glass on the table, ________ ________? 【答案】 ①. is ②. there 【解析】 【详解】句意：桌子上的杯子里几乎没有水，是吗？句中little表示“几乎没有”，属于否定含义，反意疑问句遵循“前否后肯”原则，前面是There is，后面用肯定形式is there，故填is；there。 30. Ships and boats sank in the sea after the typhoon came. (就划线部分提问) ________ did ships and boats ________ in the sea? 【答案】 ①. When ②. sink 【解析】 【详解】句意：台风过后，船只沉入了海中。划线部分是after the typhoon came，对时间状语提问用When。原句谓语动词sank是过去式，借助于助动词did提问，动词要还原为原形sink。句首首字母大写。故填When；sink。 31. The air-conditioned classrooms are really comfortable. (改成感叹句) ________ ________ the air-conditioned classrooms are! 【答案】 ①. How ②. comfortable 【解析】 【详解】句意：有空调的教室真的很舒服。How和What都可以引导感叹句，但本句中心词是形容词comfortable，应用How引导，结构为How+形容词+主语+谓语。故填How；comfortable。 32. Be quick! The football game will begin immediately. (保持句意基本不变) Be quick! The football game will begin ________ ________. 【答案】 ①. at/right ②. once/away 【解析】 【详解】句意：快点！足球比赛马上就要开始了。原句中的副词immediately意为“马上，立刻”，可以和短语at once/right away进行同义转化。 33. with, millions of people, drinking water, The project, will, safe, provide （连词成句） ________________________________________________ 【答案】 The project will provide millions of people with safe drinking water. 【解析】 【详解】根据所给单词和大写字母可知，本句是陈述句，时态是一般将来时，The project“这个项目”作主语；will provide“将提供”作谓语；provide sb with sth“为某人提供某物”，millions of people“数百万人”跟在动词后面，safe drinking water“安全的饮用水”跟在介词with后面。 Part 3 Reading and Writing（共37分） （第三部分 读写） Ⅶ. Reading comprehension.（阅读理解） A. （共6分） Below are five instructions related to AI and six specific examples. Choose the most suitable answers. （配对阅读，左栏是五则向AI提问的指引，右栏是6个具体的例子，请为每则指引匹配对应的例子。） ____34____ Don’t use general questions when you ask AI for instructions. Instead, ask it to give you clear tips. ____35____ Make no mistakes in your questions, or you may not get correct answers. ____36____ AI can answer questions about facts. But don’t try to ask it for other people’s private information. ____37____ If you are not happy with a picture AI creates, give it more instructions until you get what you like. ____38____ It’s better to tell AI who you are. In this way, you’ll get answers that meet your needs. A. If you are wondering about the population of Canada, questions like “What is the popular of Canada?” will not help you get the correct answer. B. Instead of asking “How do I cook a meal?” you can say “What are the steps to make a pancake with a pan?” C. If you tell AI “Guess if I’m happy today”, it will fail to do it because it has no ability to judge human feelings. D. If you aren’t satisfied with the picture AI draws, give more requirements like “Please add a pink window and paint the walls yellow.” E. For a student who wants to improve his English reading, it is better to ask questions like “How can I improve my English reading as a Grade 9 student?” F. If you ask “Could you tell me the address of my deskmate?” AI will refuse to give you the answer because it is designed to protect people’s personal information. 【答案】34. B 35. A 36. F 37. D 38. E 【解析】 【导语】本文左侧是五条向AI提问的指引，右侧是六个具体例子。需要为每条指引匹配对应的例子，其中有一个多余选项。 【34题详解】 根据“Don’t use general questions when you ask AI for instructions. Instead, ask it to give you clear tips.”可知，向AI询问操作指引时不要用笼统宽泛的问题，要提出清晰具体的提问。选项B提到“Instead of asking ‘How do I cook a meal?’ you can say ‘What are the steps to make a pancake with a pan?’”，展示了把宽泛问题改成具体清晰问题的做法，二者匹配。 【35题详解】 根据“Make no mistakes in your questions, or you may not get correct answers.”可知，提问中不能出现错误，否则得不到正确答案。选项A提到“If you are wondering about the population of Canada, questions like ‘What is the popular of Canada?’ will not help you get the correct answer.”，句子单词有错误，导致无法得到正确答案，二者匹配。 【36题详解】 根据“AI can answer questions about facts. But don’t try to ask it for other people’s private information.”可知，AI可以回答事实类问题，但不能询问他人私人信息。选项F提到“If you ask ‘Could you tell me the address of my deskmate?’ AI will refuse to give you the answer because it is designed to protect people’s personal information.”，询问同桌地址属于获取他人隐私，AI会拒绝回答，二者匹配。 【37题详解】 根据“If you are not happy with a picture AI creates, give it more instructions until you get what you like.”可知，如果不满意AI生成的内容，可以给出更多要求，直到得到满意结果。选项D提到“If you aren’t satisfied with the picture AI draws, give more requirements like ‘Please add a pink window and paint the walls yellow.’”，不满意AI画作就补充更多要求，二者匹配。 【38题详解】 根据“It’s better to tell AI who you are. In this way, you’ll get answers that meet your needs.”可知，最好告诉AI你的身份，这样能得到贴合你需求的回答。选项E提到“For a student who wants to improve his English reading, it is better to ask questions like ‘How can I improve my English reading as a Grade 9 student?’”，提问时说明自己是九年级学生，让回答更贴合自身情况，二者匹配。 B. Choose the best answer.（根据以下内容。选择最恰当的答案。）（共6分） Choose the best answer. (根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案。) The Marvellers (by Dhonielle Clayton) Age: 8-10 Genre: Adventure Novel Plot: Ella is 11 years old. She goes to a magic school in the clouds. There, students from all over the world learn magic. They make special drinks and talk to some magical animals. Ella and her friends have an exciting adventure together. Why Jackie likes this book: What an amazing magic story! It is a perfect children’s book. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Night Animals (by Sarah Ann Juckes) Age: 4-6 Genre: Children’s Story Plot: Nora is having a hard time at home because of her mum’s illness. Then, some colourful night animals start appearing. Nora meets a new friend named Kwame at school. They follow a fox,a rabbit, and other night animals. Can these animals help Nora find the strength she needs to help her family? Why Jackie likes this book: It’s a must-read for children. It helps them understand what it really means to be strong. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Detention Detectives (by Lis Jardine) Age:10-12 Genre: Detective Story Plot: A theft happens at Hanbridge High School. Three students, Jonno, Lydia, and Daniel, want to find out who did it. Can they solve the crime? This is the first book in a fun detective series. Kids who like detective stories will love it. Why Jackie likes this book: It’s hard to find out who the real suspect is. The ending is so surprising. I’m looking forward to the next story. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wildoak (by C. C. Harington) Age:13 and above Genre:Real-life Story Plot: Maggie goes to Cornwall to stay with her grandpa. She finds a snowleopard cub（雪豹幼崽）hiding in a forest. When people see the cub, trouble starts. This story from the 1960s shows how animals, people, and nature are connected. Why Jackie likes this book: Maggie is such a kind-hearted protector of the natural world. The story teaches me everything about humans and animals. Written by Jackie Posted on December 14, 2024 39. Which of the following books is mainly about friendship, magic and adventure? A. The Marvellers. B. The Night Animals. C. The Detention Detectives. D. Wildoak. 40. The underlined word “Genre” probably means the ________ of the book. A. name B. audience C. type D. price 41. ________ gets help from some magical animals to care for her family. A. Ella B. Nora C. Lydia D. Maggie 42. Among the four books, ________ book is suitable both for teenagers and adults. A. Dhonielle Clayton’s B. Sarah Ann Juckes’ C. Lis Jardine’s D. C. C. Harington’s 43. Which of the following is True? A. Nora and Kwarne study in a magic school in the clouds. B. The Marvellers helps children understand what a strong mind is like. C. Jackie finds it enjoyable to solve the case quickly in The Detention Detectives. D. Wildoak shows the relationship among humans, animals and nature. 44. You can probably find this material ________. A. in a magazine B. in a travel guide C. on a website D. on a noticeboard 【答案】39. A 40. C 41. B 42. D 43. D 44. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是Jackie发布在网页上的四则童书推荐，分别介绍四本书的适合年龄、题材、故事梗概以及推荐理由，涵盖魔法冒险、儿童成长、校园侦探、人与自然写实四类故事。 【39题详解】 根据《The Marvellers》介绍“Genre: Adventure Novel…students from all over the world learn magic…Ella and her friends have an exciting adventure together.”，这本书围绕友谊、魔法与冒险展开。 【40题详解】 文中每本书后标注的Genre对应Adventure Novel、Children’s Story等，均为书籍的题材、类型，因此单词意为type（类型）。 【41题详解】 根据《The Night Animals》内容“Nora…some colourful night animals start appearing...Can these animals help Nora find the strength she needs to help her family?”，Nora得到奇幻夜行动物的帮助，获得支撑家庭的力量。 【42题详解】 Wildoak作者是C. C. Harington，适配年龄为13岁及以上，适合青少年与成年人阅读；其余三本书适配年龄均仅限低龄儿童。 【43题详解】 根据Wildoak原文“This story from the 1960s shows how animals, people, and nature are connected.”，这本书展现人类、动物与自然之间的关联，D选项表述正确。 【44题详解】 文本顶部有“Home >>> Children’s Books”网页导航栏，文末标注发布日期Posted on December 14, 2024，这类导航与发布日期是网站页面典型特征，因此材料来源于网站。 ChatGPT: Surprising Truths About How AI Chatbots Actually Work Tech AI chatbots have already become ____45____ in people’s lives, but how many people really know how they work? Some of the most surprising information about AI chatbots can help us understand how they work. Here are two key things you should know: 1. They are trained by human responses AI chatbots all need different training steps, beginning with pre-training. This allows them to ____46____ a general understanding of language. If asked: “How to cheat others?" in the pre-training phase, an AI might give you detailed steps. While as cheating others are not ____47____, human trainers can help guide AI to proper responses. After that, an AI chatbot might answer something like: “I’m sorry, but I can’t ____48____ that information. If you have trouble, I suggest you face it bravely and treat others ____49____ instead of cheating others. I’m sure you can find your best way to solve it.” 2. Their knowledge should be ____50____ every day AI chatbots can’t update their own knowledge, so they may be confused with recent events, new technology or anything after their knowledge cut-off. A knowledge cut-off refers to the last point in time when an AI chatbot’s training data was updated, meaning it doesn’t have awareness of events ____51____ that date. Upgrading AI chatbots costs a lot and is very important. But how to update their knowledge well is still a problem that scientists haven’t solved yet. With these facts in mind, we can make better use of AI in our life. 45. A. different B. thankful C. popular D. digital 46. A. limit B. freeze C. develop D. cover 47. A. interested B. checked C. rated D. expected 48. A. hide B. provide C. warn D. detect 49. A. hurriedly B. honestly C. politely D. suddenly 50. A. updated B. saved C. cared D. included 51. A. after B. beyond C. while D. until 【答案】45. C 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. B 50. A 51. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人工智能聊天机器人的两个关键工作原理——需通过人类回应训练、知识需每日更新，帮助人们更好地了解其工作方式并加以运用。 【45题详解】 句意：人工智能聊天机器人已经在人们的生活中变得受欢迎了，但有多少人真正知道它们是如何工作的？ different不同的；thankful感激的；popular受欢迎的；digital数字的。根据“Some of the most surprising information about AI chatbots can help us understand how they work”可知，人工智能聊天机器人有值得人们了解的相关信息，说明已在人们生活中变得受欢迎，故选C。 【46题详解】 句意：这使它们能够培养对语言的整体理解。 limit限制；freeze冻结；develop培养；cover覆盖。根据“AI chatbots all need different training steps, beginning with pre-training”可知，预训练是人工智能聊天机器人的训练步骤之一，目的是让它们培养对语言的整体理解，故选C。 【47题详解】 句意：而由于欺骗他人是不被期望的，人类训练师可以帮助引导人工智能给出恰当的回应。 interested感兴趣的；checked检查过的；rated评级的；expected被期望的。根据“human trainers can help guide AI to proper responses”可知，人类训练师会引导人工智能给出恰当回应，说明欺骗他人是不被期望的，故选D。 【48题详解】 句意：很抱歉，我不能提供那个信息。 hide隐藏；provide提供；warn警告；detect探测。根据“human trainers can help guide AI to proper responses”可知，人类训练师引导人工智能给出恰当回应，对于“如何欺骗他人”的问题不会提供相关信息，故选B。 【49题详解】 句意：如果你遇到困难，我建议你勇敢面对，诚实地对待他人，而不是欺骗他人。 hurriedly匆忙地；honestly诚实地；politely礼貌地；suddenly突然地。根据“instead of cheating others”可知，此处是给出与欺骗相反的做法，即诚实地对待他人，故选B。 【50题详解】 句意：它们的知识应该每天更新。 updated更新；saved拯救；cared关心；included包含。根据“AI chatbots can’t update their own knowledge”可知，人工智能聊天机器人无法自行更新知识，所以它们的知识需要每天被更新，故选A。 【51题详解】 句意：知识截止日期指的是人工智能聊天机器人训练数据更新的最后一个时间点，这意味着它对该日期之后的事件没有认知。 after在……之后；beyond超过；while当……时；until直到。根据“A knowledge cut-off refers to the last point in time when an AI chatbot’s training data was updated”可知，知识截止日期是训练数据更新的最后时间，所以该日期之后的事件它没有认知，故选A。 Heavy raindrops started falling as Alex looked up, feeling disappointed. Of all days, it had to rain on the day of his basketball trial (选拔赛) for the national team. Holding his sports bag tightly, he ran toward the bus stop. His umbrella hardly kept him dry, and the bus was nowhere in sight. Alex’s family was going through a hard time. His father, the only one working, had been sick for months and could not work. Alex wanted to change that. If he got into the national team, he could earn money and live his dream of being a professional player. When Alex finally got off the bus, he still had to walk to the basketball court. As he rushed through the busy street, he saw an old woman at the edge of the road, looking confused. Cars beeped (鸣笛) as they passed her. Even though he was in a hurry, he stepped forward. “I can’t find the bus stop,” she said nervously. “Don’t worry. I’ll help you,” Alex replied. He led her across the road and waited with her until her bus arrived. Alex turned back to continue his trip. Just then, a car drove past a puddle (水坑) and threw a lot of dirty water onto his shoes. He felt upset, but he had no time to waste. He ran towards the basketball court. Fifteen minutes late, Alex finally arrived. The other players were already on the court, wearing clean sports clothes. Alex, with his wet socks and messy clothes, felt out of place. But he wasn’t going to give up. He explained his delay to the officials, apologizing. To his surprise, they gave him a chance. Alex gave his best in the trials, showing great teamwork and skill. Later that day, his phone rang — it was the basketball team. He had made it. His hard work had finally paid off. 52. Alex was disappointed with the weather, wasn’t he? ___________________________________ 53. What happened to Alex’s father? ___________________________________ 54. Why did Alex want to join the national team? ___________________________________ 55. How did Alex’s clothes get dirty? ___________________________________ 56. What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase in Paragraph 7? ___________________________________ 57. What kind of person do you think Alex is? Use two different qualities to describe Alex and explain your reasons with examples from the text. ___________________________________ 【答案】52. Yes, he was. 53. He had been sick for months and could not work. 54. To earn money and live his dream of being a professional player. 55. A car drove past a puddle and threw a lot of dirty water onto him. 56. 感到不自在。 57. Alex is kind and determined. He helped the old woman despite being late. He kept going to the trial despite difficulties and succeeded. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了Alex冒雨去参加国家队篮球选拔赛，虽然时间紧迫，路上仍帮助一位老妇人的故事。 【52题详解】 根据“Heavy raindrops started falling as Alex looked up, feeling disappointed.”可知，Alex因下雨感到失望。反义疑问句的回答应与事实一致，此处需肯定回答。故填Yes, he was. 【53题详解】 根据“His father, the only one working, had been sick for months and could not work.”可知，Alex的父亲生病数月无法工作。故填He had been sick for months and could not work. 【54题详解】 根据“If he got into the national team, he could earn money and live his dream of being a professional player.”可知，Alex想进入国家队是为了赚钱和实现成为职业球员的梦想。故填To earn money and live his dream of being a professional player. 【55题详解】 根据“Just then, a car drove past a puddle (水坑) and threw a lot of dirty water onto his shoes.”可知，脏水把Alex的鞋子弄脏了，衣服应该也脏了，所以Alex的衣服变脏是因为一辆汽车驶过一个水坑，把很多脏水泼到了他身上。故填A car drove past a puddle and threw a lot of dirty water onto him. 【56题详解】 根据“Alex, with his wet socks and messy clothes, felt out of place.”可知，Alex穿着湿袜子和凌乱的衣服，感觉不自在。felt out of place意为“感到不自在”。故填：感到不自在。 【57题详解】 开放性试题，言之有理即可。故填Alex is kind and determined. He helped the old woman despite being late. He kept going to the trial despite difficulties and succeeded. Ⅷ. Writing（写作）（共10分） 58. 在日常生活中，我们常常忽视水的重要性。假如你是李华，请以“Let’s value water!”为题，给全校同学写一封不少于60词的倡议书。在倡议书中，阐述水的重要性，提供一些节水护水的建议和方法，并呼吁大家重视水源。 Let’s value water! Dear schoolmates, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear schoolmates, I’m writing to call on everyone to value water. Water is the source of life. It is important for us to protect water. However, water is becoming less now. To protect water, we can do many things. First, remember to turn off the tap after using it. Second, we can reuse water, such as watering plants with washing water. Also, never pollute rivers. Let’s take action now! Small actions make a big difference. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：倡议书，以一般现在时为主 明确要点：阐述水的重要性，给出节水护水建议，呼吁同学们珍惜水资源 确定人称：第一人称(we/our/I) 注意事项：倡议书格式正确，不少于60词，表达简洁有条理 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：点明写作目的，说明水的重要性以及水资源现状 主体段：列举几条日常节水、护水的可行做法 结尾段：发出号召，点明小小行动意义重大 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：水的重要性与现状 名词：water/life/source/resource/planet等 形容词：important/less/valuable/fresh等 句型：Water is the source of life./It is important for us to protect water./Water is becoming less now./We can’t live without water.等 要点二：节水护水建议 动词短语：turn off the tap/reuse water/water plants/pollute rivers/save water/collect water/clean water等 连接词：First/Second/Also/Besides/What’s more等 句型：remember to do sth./such as/never do sth./try not to waste water.等 要点三：发出呼吁 短语：take action/small actions/make a big difference/protect our environment等 句型：Let’s take action now!/Everyone should play a part.等 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $