Unit 9 Learning 语法（主谓一致+词汇运用）导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语北师大版必修第三册

Unit 9 Learning 语法（主谓一致+词汇运用）导学案 北师大版高中英语 · 必修第三册 Unit 9 Learning 一、核心知识：主谓一致（Subject-Verb Agreement） 句子的谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致。 （一）三大原则 1. 语法一致：谓语与主语在单复数形式上一致。He knows that some people are smart.（主语单数加 -s）　 2. 意义一致：按主语的实际意义决定单复数。The police are here.（the police 指警员，总作复数） 3.就近原则：谓语动词的单复数由离它最近的主语决定，多用于 either...or、neither...nor、not only...but also、there be 等并列结构中。　 （二）只用单数谓语的常见主语 1. 不可数名词、单数可数名词、each / every / either / neither / everyone / anyone / nobody / no one / one； 2. each of + 复数名词； 3. 动名词、不定式或从句作主语； 4. "every...and every... / each...and each..."连接的主语； 5. a series of / a piece of + 名词； 6. 表示时间、距离、金钱的复数名词整体概念（Ten years is a long time.）。 例如： Each of the students is trying one of these memorising techniques this week.（课文原句） Retelling events helps fix experiences in our memories.（动名词作主语） （三）只用复数谓语的常见主语 1. 复数名词、复数代词 we / they； 2. both / few / many / several + 复数名词； 3. a number of + 复数名词；4. the + 形容词（表一类人，如 the old）； 5. people / the police / cattle。 （四）易混结构辨析（本单元核心考点） 1. a number of + 复数名词 → 复数谓语（许多）； the number of + 复数名词 → 单数谓语（……的数量）。 A number of experts say that... / The number of sandstorm days has dropped.　 2. one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句 → 从句谓语用复数； the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句 → 从句谓语用单数。　 I, who am your friend, will help you. / Tom is one of the boys who are never late. / Tom is the only one of the boys who is never late.　 3. 定语从句中关系词作主语时，从句谓语与先行词保持一致。　 4. not only...but also / neither...nor / either...or / or 连接主语 → 就近原则； with / together with / along with / as well as / including / except → 就远原则（谓语随前面的主语）。　 5. there be 句型中，谓语与最近的主语一致。　 6. here / there 位于句首的倒装句，谓语与后面的真正主语一致：Here comes the bus. / Here come the students. （五）易错提醒 1. news / maths / physics / politics 形式为复数、意义为单数，谓语用单数； 2. "a + 单数名词 + or two" 用单数，"one or two + 复数名词" 用复数； 3. 分数/百分数 + of + 名词，谓语与 of 后的名词一致：Two thirds of the land is covered with trees. / Two thirds of the students are boys. 4. 不定代词作主语时，替代词 it / they 也要一致。 二、词汇运用：本单元学习主题词汇 concentrate on 集中注意力于；be curious about 对……好奇；brush up on 复习；figure out 弄懂；keep an eye out for 留意；review / revise 复习；memorise 记忆；approach to (doing) sth 做某事的方法；strategy 策略；technique 技巧；significantly 显著地；not only...but also... 不仅……而且…… 语法练习 A ------ 语法填空（用括号内单词的适当形式填空） Our school's Noon English Club, 1.________ (start) three years ago, now has 120 members. Each of the members 2.________ (have) a speaking partner. A number of teachers 3.________ (be) invited to give talks, and the number of talks 4.________ (be) more than twenty this term. Learning through games 5.________ (be) the club's secret. Not only the students but also the head teacher 6.________ (enjoy) the Friday activities. Our teacher, together with some parents, 7.________ (come) to watch our shows. Tom is the only one of the members who 8.________ (speak) three languages, and he often helps beginners. There 9.________ (be) a library corner and two reading rooms in the club. Last week, more than 80 percent of the students 10.________ (join) the reading race. 语法练习 B —— 单句语法填空 1. Every boy and every girl in our grade __________ (ask) to join the reading programme last week. 2. Either the head teacher or the students __________ (be) going to decorate the classroom this Friday. 3. Three quarters of the land in our city __________ (cover) with trees and grass now. 4. The old in the community __________ (take) good care of by volunteers every week. 5. Many a student in our class __________ (be) fond of English songs. 6. One or two days __________ (be) enough for us to finish the science project. 7. A series of lectures on artificial intelligence __________ (give) in our school hall last month. 8. To learn a foreign language well __________ (require) constant practice and patience. 9. Neither of the two answers __________ (be) right. Think it over again. 10. What we need most at present __________ (be) more communication rather than more rules. 语法练习 C ------ 用括号内单词的适当形式填空 Dear Tom, My school life has changed a lot. There 1.________ (be) more students than ever in our grade, because two new classes 2.________ (add) this term. Every morning, doing morning reading 3.________ (help) us wake up. Neither my deskmate nor I 4.________ (be) late for school this term. He is one of the boys who 5.________ (be) never absent from class. Here 6.________ (come) the best part: our class has won the reading award. Two weeks 7.________ (be) all we spent preparing for the reading festival, but the result proved worth it. The police 8.________ (be) invited to give us a talk on road safety last month—everyone, including the teachers, 9.________ (listen) carefully. News of our victory 10.________ (have) spread to the whole school. How is everything going with you? 第二部分 A. 阅读理解 ------ China's Universities for the Elderly Are Full When registration（registration n. 报名）opened in September 2025 for the new term of the Haidian University for the Aged in Beijing, all 1,200 places were taken within two hours. The fastest class to fill was Smartphone Skills for Beginners, whose students had an average age of 68. The growing popularity of such universities is easy to understand. In 2024, more than 26 percent of China's population was over 60, and many of them had retired with plenty of time to learn. Moreover, today's elderly people are healthier and more willing to try new things than any generation before them. These universities offer much more than singing and dancing. Students can learn photography（photography n. 摄影）, video editing（editing n. 剪辑）, English and even artificial intelligence（人工智能）. At the same time, many classes have gone online, so students who live far away or cannot travel can study at home. "I never thought I could edit videos at my age," said 67-year-old Grandma Chen, whose short videos about cooking have won over 100,000 followers online. However, there are not enough places for everyone who wants to join. Educators suggest training more teachers for older students, encouraging young volunteers to help, and building more community schools. "Learning should not stop at any age," said Professor Zhang. "When the elderly learn, the whole family benefits—they help their grandchildren and keep their own minds young." 1. What does the first paragraph tell us?　 A. The Haidian University has 1,200 students in total.　B. Smartphone classes are the most useful.　 C. Universities for the aged are becoming very popular.　D. Old people learn faster than young people. 2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?　 A. How universities for the aged work.　B. Why more elderly people want to learn.　 C. What courses the universities offer.　D. When China's population began to age. 3. The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.　 A. people over 60　B. universities　C. places　D. courses 4. According to Professor Zhang, when the elderly learn, ________.　 A. families benefit too　B. they need fewer teachers　 C. young people stop volunteering　D. community schools should close 5. Which is the best title for the passage?　 A. A Full Class in Haidian　 B. Grandma Chen's Cooking Videos　 C. Learning Has No Age Limit: China's Elderly Go Back to School　 D. Young People Should Learn from the Old B. 完形填空 ------ Grandpa's Wrong-answer Notebook（记叙文） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 The physics paper came back with a big red "61" on it. I folded it quickly and hid it 1.________ of sight. That weekend, I went to my grandfather's house. He was clearing out his bookcase, and a yellowed notebook caught my eye. Its pages were full of physics problems, each 2.________ by a wrong answer and then a right one in a different colour. "What is this, Grandpa?" I asked. He smiled, "My wrong-answer notebook. In 1965, I failed physics, too. My teacher told me, 'Mistakes are signposts（signpost n. 路标）on the road of learning.' So I 3.________ every mistake I made." He opened to the first page. In neat characters 4.________ the words: "Physics is difficult, but I am not afraid." That evening, I started my own notebook. At first it felt 5.________—writing down my mistakes felt like looking at my weaknesses. 6.________, as the pages grew, something changed.I discovered that most of my mistakes came from just three 7.________. Every Sunday, I 8.________ the old problems again. Grandpa checked my notebook every month and 9.________ more each time. In the final exam, I got an 88. I ran to Grandpa's house with the paper. He put on his glasses, read it slowly, and then turned to the last page of his old notebook. There, in a shaking hand, he 10.________ one line: "My grandson has learnt what took me thirty years to learn." My eyes grew wet. The notebook had come full 11.________. Now it is my most 12.________ book. It 13.________ me every day that mistakes are not the end. They are the 14.________ of real understanding. Grandpa was right—an error is a signpost: it shows not where the road 15.________, but where to turn. 1. A. beyond　B. away　C. far　D. out 2. A. following　B. to follow　C. follow　D. followed 3. A. corrected　B. threw away　C. kept　D. forgot 4. A. drawn　B. read　C. spoken　D. shown 5. A. boring　B. strange　C. painful　D. useless 6. A. Therefore　B. Besides　C. However　D. Instead 7. A. excuses　B. hobbies　C. habits　D. promises 8. A. gave up on　B. put off　C. went over　D. threw away 9. A. complained　B. shouted　C. cried　D. nodded 10. A. deleted　B. repeated　C. copied　D. added 11. A. page　B. turn　C. loop　D. circle 12. A. expensive　B. difficult　C. valuable　D. interesting 13. A. warns　B. reminds　C. promises　D. orders 14. A. result　B. enemy　C. price　D. beginning 15. A. starts　B. lies　C. hides　D. ends C. 语法填空 ------ Reading Survey Shows Chinese Students Read More 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On 23 April 2025, World Book Day（世界读书日）, the latest national reading survey（survey n. 调查）was released in Beijing. It shows that Chinese adults read an average of 4.79 printed books in 2024, and children aged 14 to 17 read more than 11 books on average. The survey also shows 1.________ growing number of schools are building reading corners. At Guangming Middle School in Xi'an, students can borrow books 2.________ any class they like. Every morning, twenty minutes 3.________ (set) aside for reading—no homework, no tests. "Reading teaches me to think," said Li Ming, 4.________ favourite book is Journey to the West（《西游记》）. So far, students at the school 5.________ (read) more than 1,000 books this year. However, experts remind us that quantity alone 6.________ (mean) nothing without thinking. Many students spend far more time on short videos 7.________ (compare) with deep reading. "Deep reading takes time, but it builds a mind 8.________ can think," said Professor Wang. Some schools have started "phone-free reading hours", during 9.________ students must read paper books only. Early results show these students write 10.________ (well) compositions than before. 第三部分 书面表达 题目：你校英语报正在开展 "Learning Never Stops" 征文活动。请你写一篇 80—100 词的短文，介绍一位你身边的"终生学习者"（可以是家人、邻居或老师）。要点提示：1. 人物及学习经历；2. 至少使用 2 处主谓一致结构（如 each of..., a number of..., the number of..., not only...but also...就近原则）；3. 结尾发出呼吁。 【自查清单】主谓一致结构：Each of the students...has（单数）；a number of volunteers...help（复数）；Not only the young but also the old can...（就近原则）；The number of words...has passed（单数）；呼吁结尾：Let us keep learning, at any age and in any place! 参考答案与解析 一、第一部分 语法练习 1. started【解析】club 与 start 为被动关系，过去分词作后置定语，相当于 which was started。 2. has【解析】each of + 复数名词 → 谓语用单数，"每位成员都有一个口语搭档"，填 has。 3. were【解析】a number of + 复数名词 → 复数谓语；"被邀请"表被动且为过去发生的事，填 were。 4. is【解析】the number of + 复数名词 → 单数谓语，"本学期的讲座数量超过二十场"，填 is。 5. is【解析】动名词短语 learning through games 作主语 → 单数谓语，填 is。 6. enjoys【解析】not only...but also... 连接主语时遵循就近原则，离谓语最近的是 the head teacher（单数），填 enjoys。 7. comes【解析】together with 连接的成分不影响谓语（就远原则），谓语随 our teacher（单数），填 comes。 8. speaks【解析】the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句，从句谓语与 the only one（单数）一致，填 speaks。 9. is【解析】there be 句型遵循就近原则，最近的主语 a library corner 为单数，填 is。 10. joined【解析】more than 80 percent of + 复数名词 the students → 复数谓语；last week 提示一般过去时，填 joined。 语法练习 B　 1. was asked【解析】"every...and every..." 连接主语 → 谓语用单数；last week 提示一般过去时，且为被动语态。 2. are【解析】either...or 连接主语 → 就近原则，最近主语 the students 为复数，填 are。 3. is covered【解析】分数 three quarters of + 不可数名词 the land → 单数谓语；land 与 cover 为被动关系，填 is covered。 4. are taken【解析】"the + 形容词"表一类人 → 复数谓语；与 take care of 为被动关系，填 are taken。 5. is【解析】many a + 单数名词 → 谓语用单数（意义为复数、形式按单数），填 is。 6. are【解析】one or two + 复数名词 days → 复数谓语，填 are（注意与 "a day or two" 用单数区分）。 7. was given【解析】a series of + 名词 → 谓语用单数（a series 为核心）；last month 提示一般过去时被动，填 was given。 8. requires【解析】不定式短语 To learn a foreign language well 作主语 → 单数谓语，填 requires。 9. is【解析】neither of + 复数名词 → 单数谓语，填 is。 10. is【解析】主语从句 What we need most 作主语 → 谓语用单数，填 is。 语法练习 C　 1. are【解析】there be 就近原则，最近主语 more students 为复数，填 are。 2. were added【解析】classes 与 add 为被动关系，this term 可视为已发生的安排，"两个新班级被增设"，填 were added。 3. helps【解析】动名词短语 doing morning reading 作主语 → 单数谓语，填 helps。 4. am【解析】neither...nor... 就近原则，离谓语最近的主语是 I，填 am。 5. are【解析】one of the boys who... 定语从句的谓语与先行词 the boys（复数）一致，填 are。 6. comes【解析】here 位于句首的倒装句，谓语与真正的主语 the best part（单数）一致，填 comes。 7. was【解析】"两周"表示一个整体时间段 → 单数谓语；spent 提示过去时，填 was。 8. were【解析】the police 集体名词 → 复数谓语；"被邀请"用被动语态，填 were。 9. listened【解析】including 不影响主语（就远原则），主语 everyone 为单数；last month 提示过去时，填 listened。 10. has【解析】news 为不可数名词 → 单数谓语，现在完成时，填 has。 二、第二部分 阅读与语言运用 A. 阅读理解　答案：1—5 C B A A C 第1题：C。开篇归纳题。第一段借海淀老年大学"报名两小时满员"的新闻事实，引出"老年大学越来越受欢迎"这一现象，C 项概括准确；干扰项 A 曲解"1200 个名额"为"共 1200 名学生"，B 无中生有，D 无中生有且违背常识。 第2题：B。段落主旨题。第二段从退休人口多、老人更健康、学习意愿强三方面解释老年大学火爆的原因，选 B； A 无中生有，C 是第三段内容，D 曲解数据（2024 年是统计年份而非"开始老龄化"）。 第3题：A。指代判断题。由"more than 26 percent of China's population was over 60, and many of them had retired"可知，them 指代 people over 60，选 A。 第4题：A。细节理解题。由张教授的话"When the elderly learn, the whole family benefits"可知，老人学习全家受益，选 A；B、C、D 均与原文相反或无据。 第5题：C。标题归纳题。全文围绕"老年人重返校园、学习没有年龄限制"展开，C 项抓核心；干扰项 A、B 以具体例子充当主旨，D 过度引申（文中未比较年轻人应向老人学习），均属以偏概全。 B. 完形填空　答案：1—5 D D C B C　6—10 C C C D D　11—15 D C B D D 1. D【固定搭配】out of sight"看不见"，"把卷子藏起来不让人看见"，呼应下文怕父母问的心理。 2. D【语法结构】each 与 follow 为被动关系，"每道错题后面都跟着一个错误答案和另一个颜色的正确答案"，用过去分词 followed。 3. C【语境推断】老师的教诲让爷爷"保存"了每一个错误，kept 与下文泛黄笔记本上密密麻麻的记录呼应；threw away 与文意相反。 4. B【语境理解】read 可表示"（纸上）写着"，"扉页上用工整的字迹写着"，符合书写物的内容表达；drawn 画、spoken 说、shown 展示，均不搭配 words。 5. C【情感变化】写下错误"就像直视自己的弱点"，起初感到"痛苦"，painful 准确描述心理不适，为下文转变蓄势；boring / strange / useless 与 like looking at my weaknesses 的程度不符。 6. C【逻辑关系】as the pages grew, something changed 与上文"痛苦"构成转折，However"然而"符合情感弧线；Therefore 因果、Besides 递进、Instead 替代，均不合逻辑。 7. C【语境推断】"我发现大部分错误只来自三个坏习惯"，habits 与下文每周复习旧题的行为改变相呼应；excuses 借口、hobbies 爱好、promises 承诺，均不是错误的"来源"。 8. C【短语辨析】go over"仔细检查、复习"，"每个周日我重新做旧题"；give up on 放弃、put off 推迟、throw away 扔掉，均与下文爷爷检查笔记的进步语境相反。 9. D【情感变化】爷爷每月检查，越来越满意地"点头"，nodded 体现无声的认可；complained 抱怨、shouted 大喊、cried 哭，均不合进步语境。 10. D【语境理解】爷爷颤抖着手在旧笔记本最后一页"添上"一行字，added 呼应祖孙两代笔记本的传承；deleted 删除、repeated 重复、copied 抄写，均不合"补写"的动作。 11. D【固定搭配+升华】come full circle"转了一圈回到原处（圆满）"，呼应爷爷 1965 年的错题本与孙子今天的错题本，完成结构上的首尾呼应。 12. C【词义辨析】承载两代人学习故事的笔记本是最"有价值的"书，valuable 侧重内在价值；expensive 仅指价格高、difficult 困难的、interesting 有趣的，均不贴切。 13. B【固定句型】remind sb that..."提醒某人……"，"它每天提醒我错误不是终点"；warn 警告（语气过重）、promise 承诺、order 命令，均不合语境。 14. D【尾句升华】"错误不是终点，而是真正理解的开始"，beginning 与 not the end 构成对照，升华主题；result 结果、enemy 敌人、price 代价，均破坏升华逻辑。 15. D【语境理解】路标指示的不是路的"尽头"，而是该转弯的地方，ends 呼应 signpost 的比喻，首尾呼应老师"mistakes are signposts"的话。 C. 语法填空　答案：1. a　2. from　3. is set　4. whose　5. have read　6. means　7. compared　8. that / which　9. which　10. better 1. a【解析】a growing number of"越来越多的"，固定短语，无提示词，填不定冠词 a。 2. from【解析】borrow...from..."从……借……"，无提示词，填介词 from。 3. is set【解析】set aside"留出"，twenty minutes 与 set 为被动关系；陈述日常安排用一般现在时，填 is set。 4. whose【解析】引导非限制性定语从句，先行词 Li Ming，whose 在从句中修饰 favourite book，无提示词，填 whose。 5. have read【解析】So far 提示现在完成时，主语 students 为复数，填 have read。 6. means【解析】quantity 为不可数名词 → 单数谓语；"数量本身不意味着一切"，宾语从句中陈述观点用一般现在时，填 means。 7. compared【解析】compared with"与……相比"，过去分词短语作状语，填 compared。 8. that / which【解析】引导限制性定语从句，先行词 a mind 指物，关系词作主语，填 that / which。 9. which【解析】"介词 + 关系代词"结构，先行词 phone-free reading hours 指物，无提示词，填 which。 10. better【解析】由 than before 可知用比较级，"写出更好的作文"，well → better。 第三部分 书面表达 题目：你校英语报正在开展 "Learning Never Stops" 征文活动。请你写一篇 80—100 词的短文，介绍一位你身边的"终生学习者"（可以是家人、邻居或老师）。要点提示：1. 人物及学习经历；2. 至少使用 2 处主谓一致结构（如 each of..., a number of..., the number of..., not only...but also...就近原则）；3. 结尾发出呼吁。 参考范文 It is never too late to learn. My neighbour, Grandpa Wang, is 72. Last year he joined an online English class for the elderly. Each of the students in his class has a young partner, and a number of volunteers help them every week. At first he was afraid of making mistakes, but the teacher told him, "Not only the young but also the old can learn well." Now he reads English news every morning, and the number of words he knows has passed 2,000. His story reminds me that learning never stops. Let us keep learning, at any age and in any place! 【自查清单】主谓一致结构：Each of the students...has（单数）；a number of volunteers...help（复数）；Not only the young but also the old can...（就近原则）；The number of words...has passed（单数）；呼吁结尾：Let us keep learning, at any age and in any place! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $