Unit4 Grammar：祈使句 should和had better的用法 知识点整理及练习 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

8AU4 Grammar：祈使句 注：标★题目超纲 祈使句是英语的基本句型之一，表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等。祈使句一般没有主语，主语常省略，句末用感叹号或问号，肯定结构常以动词原形开头。 一、祈使句的类型 1.Do型(行为动词原形+其他) Come in!进来！ Stand up!起立！ 2.Be型(Be+表语) Be quiet!安静！ Be quick!快点！ 3.Let型(Let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他) Let’s go!让我们走吧！ Let me help you.让我来帮助你。 注意：为了使祈使句的语气委婉、客气，常加上please(请)一词，构成句式：Please…或…，please. Could I use your phone, please? 请让我用一下你的电话可以吗？ 《牛津词典》 4.无动词祈使句 (1)在请求、命令和口号中，常用无动词祈使句，它实际上是省略了动词，从而使语句更简洁或有力。 Just a minute, please!请稍等！ This way, please!请这边走！ (2)在一些指示牌上，常用“No+动名词/名词”构成禁止形式的否定祈使句。 No smoking!禁止吸烟！ No parking!禁止停车！ [拓展] 祈使句还常用于“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”这一句型。其中祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句。 Study hard, and you will pass the exam. 努力学习，你就会通过考试。 二、祈使句的否定形式 1.一般情况下，祈使句的否定形式是在动词原形前加do not/don’t。 Don't be afraid to ask if you don't understand. 你要是不懂，尽管问好了。 《牛津词典》 2.Let型祈使句的否定式有如下两种： (1)Do not/Don’t let sb.+动词原形+其他 (2)Let sb. not +动词原形+其他 Don’t let him go out. =Let him not go out. 不要让他出去。 [巩固练习]选择 1.“________ deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better.” That is what our Physics teacher often says to us. A.Look B.To look C.Looking D.Looked 2.—________ hard, or you won’t be able to finish the work in a week. —I’m trying my best now. A.Working B.Worked C.To work D.Work 3.—Mum, can I play computer games this evening? —________ you r homework first, and then you can play the games. A.Finishing B.Finished C.To finish D.Finish 4.Peter, ________ eat in class and we ________ eat in the classroom. A.doesn’t；can’t B.don’t；can’t C.can’t；can’t D.don’t；don’t 5.—Don’t make noise in the living room! My son is sleeping. —_________ A.Excuse me, I’m wrong. B.Sorry, I won’t. C.It doesn’t matter. D.Certainly, I won’t. 6.—Don’t be late next time, Sam. —________. I will get up earlier. A.No, I won’t B.Yes, I will C.Yes, I won’t D.No, I will 7.________ in the countryside will make ________ easier to enjoy the fresh air. A.Live；it B.To live；that C.Living；it D.Live；that 8.Sandy, ________ too much TV, for it’s bad for your eyes. A.not watch B.don’t watch C.doesn’t watch D.watches 9.________ late for school again, or you will be punished by the teacher. A.Don’t B.Not be C.Be not D.Don’t be 10.—Look at the selfie(自拍). Is it nice? —Yeah. _________ it on WeChat and let your friends see how cool you look! A.Putting B.To put C.Put D.Puts 11.________ quiet! Tom is doing homework now. A.Be B.Don’t C.Not be D.Being 12.—Excuse me, but can you tell me how to get to the nearest bookshop? —________ for about 10 minutes, and you’ll see it on your right. A.Keep walking B.Keep to walk C.To keep walking D.To keep to walk 13.—To prepare for tomorrow’s test, what should I do first? —________ all your notes ready, and then make a plan. A.Getting B.Get C.To get D.Got 14.When you use the scissors, please _________ very carefully. A.cuts B.cut C.to cut D.cutting 15._________ careful when you use a hammer. It can hurt your fingers. A.To be B.Being C.You are D.Be 答案：ADDBB ACBDC AABBD Grammar：should和had better的用法 一、should的用法 should为情态动词，意为“应该，应当”，用来表示劝告或提建议，没有人称和数的变化，其后接动词原形。否定形式为shouldn’t/should not。 I should exercise more. 我应该多锻炼。 《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》 [巩固练习]选择 1.To achieve our dream, we ________ rest on what we have done. A.may not B.should not C.need not D.could not 2.You ________ not stay up late tonight. You have an important exam early tomorrow morning. A.can B.should C.must D.need 3.—I didn’t pass the math test. I have watched TV series every day. —You ________ spend too much time on that. A.needn’t B.shouldn’t C.may not D.wouldn’t 4.Instructions are important. You ________ begin your work without reading them. A.must B.may C.should not D.needn’t 5.—We are free this evening. Shall we go out for a walk? —It’s foggy. We’d better ________. Why ________ a film at home? A.not walk；not watch B.not to walk；not to watch C.not to walk；not watch D.not walk；not to watch 6.Seeing is not always believing. We ________ not judge anyone or anything if we don’t know the full story. A.would B.need C.should D.may 7.—_________ I finish the model plane today? —No, you ________. You can do it tomorrow. A.Must；mustn’t B.Must；needn’t C.Should；shouldn’t D.Had better；hadn’t better 答案：BBBCA CB 二、had better的用法 had better意为“最好”，没有人称、数和时态的变化，可简写为“’d better”，其后接动词原形(不带to的不定式)。可用于提出建议、劝告或表示一种愿望。含有“应该做”这意，语气较生硬，并不十分客气。所以一般只用于对晚辈或平辈，不用于对长辈。had better的两种形式： (1)肯定形式：had better+动词原形，意为“最好…”。 We’d better plant more trees to make the air clean. 我们最好多种树让空气变得更清洁。 (2)否定形式：had better+not+动词原形，意为“最好不…”。 You had better not go to visit him on weekdays. 你最好不要在工作日去看他。 [巩固练习]选择 1.You’d better ________ an umbrella with you. It seems like it’s going to rain soon. A.to take B.taking C.taken D.take 2.You had better ________ late for the exam tomorrow. A.don’t be B.not be C.not to be D.not being 3.With the online ticket booking app, we ________ wait in long lines to buy train tickets. A.can’t B.shouldn’t C.had better not D.needn’t 4.You ________ drink warm water and have a good rest if you have a cold, or you’ll feel worse. A.should B.had better not C.mustn’t D.can 5.You’d better ________ to others in class. A.not talk B.don’t talk C.not to talk D.to not talk 6.—Halloween is coming, and I have to ________ lots of time making a pumpkin lantern for the party. —Plan your time well. And you ________ be patient. A.take；had better B.cost；should C.spend；had better D.spend；can 7.You’d better ________ vegetables of different colours to make the dish look ________ it tastes. A.use；as good as B.to use；as good as C.use；as well as D.to use；as well as 8.—Would you mind if I turn on the radio? —________. The baby is sleeping. A.All right B.Never mind C.You’d better not D.Of course not 9.You’d better _________ because you have to drink back to your company. A.not driving B.not drive C.don’t drive D.not to drive 10.We ________ start now, or we will miss the early bus to the airport. A.had better not B.shouldn’t C.had better D.mustn’t 11.—It’s raining heavily outside. You’d better ________ a bike to school. —OK. Safety comes first. I will take a bus to school. A.ride B.not ride C.to ride D.not to ride 12.You’d better _________ with the window open. It may rain in the night. A.don’t sleep B.not sleep C.not to sleep D.not sleeping 13.You’d better ________ too much glue on the paper, or it will be hard to clean. A.not to put B.not put C.don’t put D.not putting 答案：DBDAA CACBC BBB [巩固练习]翻译句子 1.你最好不要熬夜。 __________________________________________________________________________ 2.你最好在出门前给你的妈妈打个电话。 __________________________________________________________________________ 3.你最好多注意你的错误。 __________________________________________________________________________ 4.在开始DIY项目前，你最好把所有工具都准备好。 __________________________________________________________________________ 答案：1.You had better not stay up late. 2.You’d better call your mother before you go out. 3.You’d better pay more attention to your mistakes. 4.You had better prepare all the tools before starting your DIY project. 【知识梳理1】Cut cards out of pieces of paper with a pair of scissors.(P54) 用剪刀从纸张上剪出卡片。 cut A out of B，短语，意为“从B上剪下A”。 She cut the picture out of the magazine. 她从杂志上剪下那张图片。 [巩固练习]翻译句子 1.咱们从一张张纸上剪出卡片吧。 _______________________________________________________________________ 2.她从彩纸上剪出了一只可爱的兔子。 _______________________________________________________________________ 答案：Let’s cut cards out of pieces of paper. 2.She cut a lovely rabbit out of the colour paper. 【知识梳理2】Draw a picture to show the words or sentence on the other side of the card.(P54) 画一幅图，展示卡片另一侧的单词或句子。 on the other side of…，意为“在…的另一边”，常用来表示在某个物体、空间或地理位置的对面，比如街道、河流、墙壁等。 My best friend lives ‌on the other side of‌ this road. 我最好的朋友住在马路的另一边。 [巩固练习]翻译句子 在马路的另一边，你能找到一些花。 _______________________________________________________________________ 答案：On the other side of the road, you can find some flowers. [巩固练习]选择 1.—Look, what’s over there on ________ side of the river? —That’s an old temple. It has a history of over five hundred years. A.other B.another C.the other D.others 答案：C 【知识梳理3】Instructions are important.(P55) 说明书很重要。 instruction，可数名词，意为“用法说明；操作指南”。常见搭配： follow the instructions 遵循用法说明/操作指南 [拓展]instructional，形容词，意为“教学的；指导的，教育的”。 Finally, Jack managed to repair his broken bike by watching online instructional videos. 最终，杰克通过观看在线教学视频设法修好了他坏掉的自行车。 [巩固练习]选择 1.—The milk shake tastes good. How do you make it? —It’s easy. Just follow the ________. A.discussions B.instructions C.resolutions D.solutions 2.The public can get much ________ about the election online or on TV. A. news B. clues C. suggestions D. instructions 3.—I don’t know how to start the machine. —Why not read the ________ first before using it? A.expressions B.applications C.advertisements D.instructions 4.For safety, you’d better read the _________ carefully before using the new home robot. A.collections B.suggestions C.instructions D.conversations 5.—My father bought me a new smartphone, but I don’t know how to use it. —You just follow the _________. A.information B.instructions C.messages D.advice 答案：BADCB 【知识梳理4】I’m not a fan of DIY.(P56) 我不喜欢自己动手。 a fan of…，短语，意为“…的爱好者/粉丝”。 I am a fan of pop music. 我是流行音乐的爱好者。 [巩固练习]翻译句子 我是一个美食爱好者。 _______________________________________________________________________ 答案：I am a fan of food. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $