语法预习（知识清单）-2026-2027学年沪教版英语六年级上册

语法预习清单 第一部分 核心语法详细讲解 一、一般过去时 【概念】 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可以表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 【标志词】 yesterday（昨天）, last week（上周）, last year（去年）, two days ago（两天前）, just now（刚才）, in 2001（在2001年）等。 【构成与变化规则】 1. Be动词的过去式： I / He / She / It + was（否定：wasn't） We / They / You + were（否定：weren't） 例句：Mike was in Shenzhen yesterday. They were at school last week. 2. 实义动词的过去式： 规则变化： 一般情况直接加 -ed：play → played, join → joined, call → called, check → checked 以字母e结尾，直接加 -d：move → moved, like → liked 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加 -ed：study → studied, cry → cried 重读闭音节（辅音+元音+辅音），双写尾字母加 -ed：stop → stopped, plan → planned 不规则变化（必须死记硬背）： go → went, do → did, have → had, see → saw make → made, break → broke, wear → wore, take → took get → got, throw → threw, meet → met, is/am → was, are → were 3. 否定句与一般疑问句： 借助助动词 did（此时动词一律还原为原形）。 否定：主语 + didn't + 动词原形。 例：He didn't go to school yesterday. 疑问：Did + 主语 + 动词原形？ 例：Did you see the film? — Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. 【易错点提醒】 看到过去的时间状语（如yesterday），动词一定要用过去式，不要忘记变形！ 二、形容词与副词的比较级、最高级 【概念】 比较级：用于两者（人或物）之间的比较，表示“A比B更……”。常与 than 连用。 最高级：用于三者或三者以上之间的比较，表示“在……中最……”。常与 the 以及 of/in 构成的短语连用。 【构成规则】 1. 单音节词： 一般加 -er / -est：fast → faster → fastest; slow → slower → slowest 以e结尾加 -r / -st：nice → nicer → nicest; late → later → latest 重读闭音节双写尾字母加 -er / -est：big → bigger → biggest; hot → hotter → hottest 2. 双音节词： 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加 -er / -est：heavy → heavier → heaviest; early → earlier → earliest 部分双音节词和多音节词，在词前加 more / most：slowly → more slowly → most slowly; difficult → more difficult → most difficult 3. 不规则变化（必背）： good / well → better → best bad / badly → worse → worst many / much → more → most little → less → least 【句型用法】 比较级句型：A + is/动词 + 比较级 + than + B. A car is faster than a horse. Eddie runs more slowly than Peter. 最高级句型：A + is/动词 + the + 最高级 + of/in + 范围. A plane is the fastest of all. Mark runs the most slowly of the three. 【易错点提醒】 形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词 the；但副词最高级前的the可以省略。 三、There be句型与不定代词 【There be 句型】 表示“某地存在某物”，遵循就近原则（只看离There最近的那个名词）。 一般现在时：There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词；There are + 复数可数名词。 一般过去时：There was + 单数/不可数；There were + 复数。 例句：There is a park near my home. / There are many interesting places in Beijing. / There was a small town in 1979. 【不定代词 nobody, no one, nothing】 nobody / no one 表示“没有人”。作主语时，谓语动词必须用单数。 nothing 表示“没有东西；没有什么”。作主语时，谓语动词也必须用单数。 例句：Nobody is in the museum. / There is nothing in the fridge. / No one could see everything. 四、顺序词与情态动词 【顺序词】 描述做事的步骤时，使用 First（首先）, Next（接下来）, Then（然后）, Finally（最后），可以使文章条理清晰。 例句：First, put on your swimsuit. Next, do warm-up exercises. Then, put on your goggles. Finally, get into the water. 【情态动词 can, must, should】 表示能力（能/会）、义务（必须）、建议（应该）。 核心规则：情态动词后直接跟动词原形，且无人称和数的变化（不加s，不变过去式）。 should (应该) / shouldn't (不应该)；must (必须) / mustn't (禁止)；can (可以/能够) / can't (不能)。 例句：We should warm up before doing exercise. We shouldn't play with fire. 五、四大基础时态综合复习 1. 一般现在时（表示经常性、习惯性的动作或客观真理） 标志词：often, usually, always, every day等。 构成：主语 + 动词原形/动词三单（当主语是第三人称单数时，动词加-s或-es）。 例句：He goes to school by bus every day. Peter runs slowly. 2. 现在进行时（表示现在正在进行的动作） 标志词：now, look, listen等。 构成：主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing。 例句：Look! The children are playing football. I am reading a book now. 3. 一般将来时（表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态） 标志词：tomorrow, next week, this weekend等。 构成：主语 + will + 动词原形 / 主语 + am/is/are going to + 动词原形。 例句：We will visit the Great Wall next week. She is going to buy some food. 4. 一般过去时（前面已详述，此处略）。 第二部分 语法综合练习 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. My family ______ to Shenzhen last week. A. move B. moved C. moving ( ) 2. Vincent van Gogh ______ a Dutch artist. A. is B. was C. were ( ) 3. —What ______ you do yesterday? —I played football. A. do B. does C. did ( ) 4. He didn't ______ his head because he wore a helmet. A. hurt B. hurts C. hurted ( ) 5. We ______ ice skating last Sunday. A. go B. went C. going ( ) 6. Xu Beihong was good at ______ painting. A. ink B. oil C. pencil ( ) 7. There is a fire. You should call ______. A. 110 B. 119 C. 120 ( ) 8. A car is ______ than a horse. A. fast B. faster C. fastest ( ) 9. A plane is the ______ of all. A. fast B. faster C. fastest ( ) 10. Eddie runs ______ than Peter. A. slowly B. more slowly C. most slowly ( ) 11. Mark runs the ______ of the three. A. slowly B. more slowly C. most slowly ( ) 12. A wheel turns round ______ round. A. and B. or C. but ( ) 13. ______ can be bored in Beijing. A. Nobody B. Nothing C. Anything ( ) 14. There is ______ in the fridge. It's empty. A. nothing B. nobody C. something ( ) 15. There ______ a park near my home. A. is B. are C. be ( ) 16. There ______ thousands of interesting places in Beijing. A. is B. are C. be ( ) 17. ______, put on your swimsuit. Next, do warm-up exercises. A. First B. Next C. Finally ( ) 18. We ______ warm up before doing exercise. A. should B. shouldn't C. mustn't ( ) 19. We ______ play with fire. It's dangerous. A. should B. shouldn't C. can ( ) 20. The National Stadium ______ like a big bird's nest. A. look B. looks C. looking ( ) 21. My sister ______ her pocket money every week. A. save B. saves C. saving ( ) 22. I ______ reading a book about forces now. A. am B. is C. are ( ) 23. We ______ visit the Great Wall next week. A. will B. did C. was ( ) 24. She ______ to Beijing two years ago. A. go B. went C. goes ( ) 25. Peter ______ to the park every day. A. go B. went C. goes ( ) 26. This painting looks so ______. A. real B. really C. reality ( ) 27. Art can express the ______ feelings. A. artist B. artists C. artists' ( ) 28. I want ______ a new storybook. A. buy B. to buy C. buying ( ) 29. Don't ______ all your money on toys. A. spend B. spends C. spending ( ) 30. One dollar ______ 100 cents. A. is B. are C. am ( ) 31. How much ______ the two storybooks? A. is B. are C. am ( ) 32. I share money ______ people in need. A. with B. to C. for ( ) 33. She has a ______. She should sit down and lean forward. A. nosebleed B. helmet C. skatepark ( ) 34. ______ you see the fire yesterday? A. Do B. Did C. Was ( ) 35. A force can make something ______. A. move B. moves C. moving ( ) 36. It is easier to move a ______ thing than a heavy thing. A. light B. lighter C. lightest ( ) 37. Lu Ban was a famous ______ in ancient China. A. invent B. inventor C. invention ( ) 38. He was born ______ 2008. A. in B. on C. at ( ) 39. The library is ______ the art gallery and the zoo. A. between B. among C. in ( ) 40. ______ is the weather today? A. What B. How C. Where ( ) 41. I am the ______ in my family. A. young B. younger C. youngest ( ) 42. What is slower ______ a plane? A. to B. than C. then ( ) 43. There are many ______ in the park. A. child B. childs C. children ( ) 44. Look! The dog ______ after a ball. A. run B. runs C. is running ( ) 45. He ______ his homework last night. A. do B. did C. does ( ) 46. —Where ______ you live? —I live in Shanghai. A. do B. does C. did ( ) 47. My mother ______ to the supermarket tomorrow. A. goes B. went C. is going to go ( ) 48. Peter is taller than ______. A. I B. me C. my ( ) 49. I like ______ football after school. A. play B. playing C. played ( ) 50. That is not ______ book. It is ______. A. my; her B. mine; hers C. my; hers 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Wang Hao ______ (break) his arm yesterday. 2. He ______ (wear) a helmet, so he didn't hurt his head. 3. Xu Li ______ (call) for help when she saw the accident. 4. The helpers ______ (check) his arm and ______ (take) him to the hospital. 5. We ______ (go) ice skating last Sunday. 6. I ______ (meet) my new neighbours last week. 7. Vincent van Gogh ______ (be) a Dutch artist. 8. He ______ (paint) flowers in bright colours. 9. Xu Beihong ______ (like) to paint horses. 10. They ______ (be) famous for their art. 11. A car is ______ (fast) than a horse. 12. A plane is the ______ (fast) of all. 13. The tortoise moves ______ (slowly) than a horse. 14. Eddie runs ______ (slowly) than Peter. 15. Mark runs the ______ (slowly) of the three. 16. It is ______ (easy) to move a light thing than a heavy thing. 17. A high-speed train is ______ (fast) than a car. 18. My sister is the ______ (young) in my family. 19. This box is very ______ (heavy). I can't lift it. 20. A wheel turns round and round, so it is very ______ (use). 21. A force can ______ (make) something move. 22. When we push, it ______ (move) things away. 23. A small force ______ (cause) a small movement. 24. Peter ______ (run) slowly. He is very slow. 25. There ______ (be) nothing in the fridge. 26. Nobody ______ (be) in the museum. 27. No one ______ (know) the answer. 28. There ______ (be) many interesting places in Beijing. 29. There ______ (be) a lake in the park. 30. My mother ______ (go) to work by bus every day. 31. Look! The children ______ (play) football on the playground. 32. We ______ (visit) the Great Wall next week. 33. He ______ (do) his homework yesterday evening. 34. I ______ (am) reading a book now. 35. She usually ______ (save) her pocket money. 36. We should ______ (warm) up before doing exercise. 37. First, ______ (put) on your swimsuit. 38. Don't ______ (play) with fire. 39. I want ______ (share) my money with people in need. 40. They are going to ______ (raise) money for homeless animals. 41. Look at the ______ (leaf) on the tree. They are green. 42. There are many ______ (child) playing in the park. 43. She is good at ______ (dance). 44. This is my book. That one is ______ (she). 45. The ______ (firefighter) came quickly and put out the fire. 46. Yesterday was a ______ (sun) day. 47. He speaks English ______ (good). 48. I have two ______ (box) of milk. 49. My father is a ______ (drive). 50. We must ______ (follow) the traffic rules. 第三部分 参考答案 一、单项选择 1-5: BBCAB 6-10: ABBCB 11-15: CAABA 16-20: BAABB 21-25: BAABC 26-30: ACBAA 31-35: BAABA 36-40: ABBAB 41-45: CBCBB 46-50: ACABC 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. broke2. wore3. called 4. checked; took5. went6. met 7. was 8. painted9. liked 10. were11. faster 12. fastest13. more slowly / slower 14. more slowly 15. most slowly16. easier 17. faster 18. youngest19. heavy 20. useful21. make 22. moves 23. causes 24. runs25. is 26. is 27. knows 28. are 29. is30. goes31. are playing32. will visit / are going to visit 33. did 34. am 35. saves36. warm37. put38. play 39. to share 40. raise 41. leaves 42. children 43. dancing 44. hers 45. firefighters46. sunny47. well 48. boxes 49. driver50. follow 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $