内容正文:
第三单元计算专项:小数除法的四则运算及简算
知识点梳理
1. 小数四则运算顺序:先算乘除,后算加减;有括号时先算小括号里面的,再算中括号里面的,最后算括号外面的。
2. 同级运算(只有乘除或只有加减),从左往右依次计算。
3. 简便运算依据整数运算定律,在小数中同样适用:除法性质、乘法交换律、结合律、分配律。
4. 除法性质:;;注意 不能拆分。
5. 计算要点:小数除法先把除数转化为整数;简算先观察数字特点,优先凑整(如 2.5、0.25、1.25、0.125)。
专项练习
考点1 无括号,先乘除后加减(含小数除法+加减法)
(1)7.2 ÷ 0.8 + 3.5
(2)9.6 ÷ 0.3 - 12.4
(3)4.5 × 0.2 + 6.8 ÷ 1.7
(4)12.5 - 7.8 ÷ 2.6
(5)5.6 ÷ 0.7 - 2.3
(6)3.2 × 0.5 + 8.4 ÷ 0.4
(7)15.6 ÷ 0.6 - 11.5
(8)6.3 ÷ 0.9 + 4.7
(9)12.6 ÷ 0.7 + 2.4 × 0.5
(10)1.8 × 0.4 + 7.5 ÷ 0.5
(11)8.8 ÷ 2.2 + 5.9
(12)14.2 - 3.6 ÷ 0.9
(13)0.9 × 3 + 10.5 ÷ 0.7
(14)18 ÷ 0.5 - 24.6
(15)7.7 ÷ 0.7 - 6.4
考点2 带小括号,括号内含加减,括号外乘除
(1)(5.4 + 3.6) ÷ 0.9
(2)(12.8 - 4.8) ÷ 0.4
(3)(2.7 + 5.3) × 0.5 ÷ 0.2
(4)(9.5 - 3.5) ÷ 0.125
(5)(4.2 + 1.8) ÷ 0.15
(6)(7.6 - 2.6) × 1.2 ÷ 0.25
(7)(1.6 + 2.4) ÷ 0.8
(8)(15.3 - 6.3) ÷ 0.3
(9)(3.1 + 4.9) ÷ 0.08
(10)(10 - 2.5) ÷ 0.5
(11)(6.8 + 2.2) × 0.4 ÷ 0.2
(12)(11.4 - 5.4) ÷ 0.6
(13)(2.8 + 4.2) ÷ 0.7
(14)(8.1 - 3.1) ÷ 0.2
(15)(5.5 + 2.5) ÷ 0.16
考点3 除法性质简算
(1)7.2 ÷ 0.4 ÷ 0.9
(2)12.5 ÷ 0.25 ÷ 0.4
(3)4.8 ÷ 0.2 ÷ 0.6
(4)9.6 ÷ 0.8 ÷ 1.2
(5)3.6 ÷ 0.5 ÷ 0.2
(6)15.3 ÷ 0.3 ÷ 1.7
(7)24 ÷ 0.125 ÷ 8
(8)6.4 ÷ 0.2 ÷ 0.8
(9)18.9 ÷ 0.7 ÷ 0.9
(10)5.6 ÷ 0.7 ÷ 0.4
(11)2.4 ÷ 0.5 ÷ 0.8
(12)14.4 ÷ 0.6 ÷ 0.8
(13)8.1 ÷ 0.3 ÷ 0.9
(14)10 ÷ 0.25 ÷ 4
(15)7.8 ÷ 0.3 ÷ 2.6
考点4 含中括号的混合运算(先小括号,再中括号)
(1)4.8 ÷ [0.4 × (12.5 - 11)]
(2)7.2 ÷ [(1.2 + 0.6) ÷ 0.3]
(3)9.6 ÷ [0.8 × (6 - 3.5)]
(4)[3.6 × 0.5 + 1.4] × 0.2
(5)15 ÷ [(0.6 + 0.9) × 0.5]
(6)8.4 ÷ [(0.7 + 1.4) ÷ 0.3]
(7)10.5 ÷ [0.7 × (2.5 + 2.5)]
(8)6.3 ÷ [0.9 × (3.5 - 2.8)]
(9)[0.5 × (4.8 ÷ 0.6)] × 1.2
(10)12 ÷ [(0.4 + 0.6) × 0.3]
(11)3.6 ÷ [(0.6 + 0.9) ÷ 0.5]
(12)[7.2 ÷ (0.9 × 0.4)] × 0.5
(13)9.9 ÷ [(1.1 + 2.2) × 0.2]
(14)4.5 × [(8.4 ÷ 1.2) - 4]
(15)18 ÷ [(0.5 × 0.6) + 0.3]
考点5 四则混合,括号内含乘除
(1)12 ÷ (2.5 × 0.4)
(2)8.4 ÷ (0.7 × 0.3)
(3)15 ÷ (0.6 × 0.5)
(4)7.2 ÷ (3.6 ÷ 0.5)
(5)9.6 ÷ (0.8 × 0.2)
(6)4.5 × (6.3 ÷ 0.9)
(7)18 ÷ (1.8 × 0.5)
(8)6.6 ÷ (2.2 ÷ 0.4)
(9)3.2 × (7.2 ÷ 0.8)
(10)14.4 ÷ (0.4 × 0.9)
(11)5.5 ÷ (1.1 × 0.2)
(12)2.8 × (5.4 ÷ 0.9)
(13)10.5 ÷ (0.5 × 0.7)
(14)7.8 ÷ (3.9 ÷ 0.6)
(15)4.8 × (9.2 ÷ 2.3)
考点6 小数四则,运用乘法分配律简算(含除法)
(1)3.6 × 7 + 6.4 ÷ 0.2
(2)2.5 × 4.4 + 7.2 ÷ 0.8
(3)1.25 × 0.8 + 9.9 ÷ 0.9
(4)5.6 × 0.2 + 4.4 ÷ 5
(5)0.25 × 8.8 + 12 ÷ 2.4
(6)7.2 × 0.5 + 2.8 ÷ 2
(7)4.8 × 2 + 5.2 ÷ 0.5
(8)1.2 × 3.5 + 8.4 ÷ 2
(9)6.3 × 0.4 + 3.7 × 0.4
(10)0.5 × 9.6 + 10.4 ÷ 2
(11)3.5 × 1.2 + 6.5 × 1.2
(12)2.4 × 0.7 + 7.6 × 0.7
(13)1.25 × 5.6 + 4.4 ÷ 0.8
(14)0.25 × 3.6 + 6.4 ÷ 4
(15)8.8 × 0.5 + 1.2 ÷ 2
对应应用题
1. 工程队修一段公路,总长 24.6 千米,前 3 天每天修 4.2 千米,剩下的计划 2 天修完,平均每天修多少千米?
2. 妈妈买 3 千克香蕉花了 10.5 元,买 4 千克苹果花 18.4 元,1 千克苹果比 1 千克香蕉贵多少元?
3. 一台收割机 2.5 小时收割小麦 3.5 公顷,照这样计算,收割 8.4 公顷小麦,一共需要多少小时?
4. 用载重 3.2 吨的货车运货物,4 次运完。如果改用载重 2.5 吨的货车,至少需要运几次?
5. 商店购进 8 箱牛奶,每箱 24 盒,一共花 384 元,每盒牛奶多少元?
6. 一块长方形菜地,面积 25.2 平方米,长 7 米。如果给菜地围篱笆,篱笆总长多少米?
7. 5 台同样的洒水车 0.4 小时洒水 1.2 公顷,1 台洒水车 1 小时洒水多少公顷?
8. 一本故事书共 120 页,小明前 4 天每天看 13.5 页,剩下的打算 5 天看完,平均每天看多少页?
9. 每千克糖果 12.8 元,买 2.5 千克糖果的钱,可以买单价 8 元的饼干多少千克?
10. 工厂加工零件,3 个工人 4.5 小时加工 54 个零件,平均每个工人每小时加工多少个零件?
第 1 页 共 8 页
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
参考答案
考点1 无括号,先乘除后加减
(1) 7.2 ÷ 0.8 + 3.5 = 9 + 3.5 = 12.5
(2) 9.6 ÷ 0.3 - 12.4 = 32 - 12.4 = 19.6
(3) 4.5 × 0.2 + 6.8 ÷ 1.7 = 0.9 + 4 = 4.9
(4) 12.5 - 7.8 ÷ 2.6 = 12.5 - 3 = 9.5
(5) 5.6 ÷ 0.7 - 2.3 = 8 - 2.3 = 5.7
(6) 3.2 × 0.5 + 8.4 ÷ 0.4 = 1.6 + 21 = 22.6
(7) 15.6 ÷ 0.6 - 11.5 = 26 - 11.5 = 14.5
(8) 6.3 ÷ 0.9 + 4.7 = 7 + 4.7 = 11.7
(9) 12.6 ÷ 0.7 + 2.4 × 0.5 = 18 + 1.2 = 19.2
(10) 1.8 × 0.4 + 7.5 ÷ 0.5 = 0.72 + 15 = 15.72
(11) 8.8 ÷ 2.2 + 5.9 = 4 + 5.9 = 9.9
(12) 14.2 - 3.6 ÷ 0.9 = 14.2 - 4 = 10.2
(13) 0.9 × 3 + 10.5 ÷ 0.7 = 2.7 + 15 = 17.7
(14) 18 ÷ 0.5 - 24.6 = 36 - 24.6 = 11.4
(15) 7.7 ÷ 0.7 - 6.4 = 11 - 6.4 = 4.6
考点2 带小括号,括号内含加减
(1) (5.4 + 3.6) ÷ 0.9 = 9 ÷ 0.9 = 10
(2) (12.8 - 4.8) ÷ 0.4 = 8 ÷ 0.4 = 20
(3) (2.7 + 5.3) × 0.5 ÷ 0.2 = 8 × 0.5 ÷ 0.2 = 4 ÷ 0.2 = 20
(4) (9.5 - 3.5) ÷ 0.125 = 6 ÷ 0.125 = 48
(5) (4.2 + 1.8) ÷ 0.15 = 6 ÷ 0.15 = 40
(6) (7.6 - 2.6) × 1.2 ÷ 0.25 = 5 × 1.2 ÷ 0.25 = 6 ÷ 0.25 = 24
(7) (1.6 + 2.4) ÷ 0.8 = 4 ÷ 0.8 = 5
(8) (15.3 - 6.3) ÷ 0.3 = 9 ÷ 0.3 = 30
(9) (3.1 + 4.9) ÷ 0.08 = 8 ÷ 0.08 = 100
(10) (10 - 2.5) ÷ 0.5 = 7.5 ÷ 0.5 = 15
(11) (6.8 + 2.2) × 0.4 ÷ 0.2 = 9 × 0.4 ÷ 0.2 = 3.6 ÷ 0.2 = 18
(12) (11.4 - 5.4) ÷ 0.6 = 6 ÷ 0.6 = 10
(13) (2.8 + 4.2) ÷ 0.7 = 7 ÷ 0.7 = 10
(14) (8.1 - 3.1) ÷ 0.2 = 5 ÷ 0.2 = 25
(15) (5.5 + 2.5) ÷ 0.16 = 8 ÷ 0.16 = 50
考点3 除法性质简算
(1) 7.2 ÷ 0.4 ÷ 0.9 = 7.2 ÷ (0.4 × 0.9) = 7.2 ÷ 0.36 = 20
(2) 12.5 ÷ 0.25 ÷ 0.4 = 12.5 ÷ (0.25 × 0.4) = 12.5 ÷ 0.1 = 125
(3) 4.8 ÷ 0.2 ÷ 0.6 = 4.8 ÷ (0.2 × 0.6) = 4.8 ÷ 0.12 = 40
(4) 9.6 ÷ 0.8 ÷ 1.2 = 9.6 ÷ (0.8 × 1.2) = 9.6 ÷ 0.96 = 10
(5) 3.6 ÷ 0.5 ÷ 0.2 = 3.6 ÷ (0.5 × 0.2) = 3.6 ÷ 0.1 = 36
(6) 15.3 ÷ 0.3 ÷ 1.7 = 15.3 ÷ (0.3 × 1.7) = 15.3 ÷ 0.51 = 30
(7) 24 ÷ 0.125 ÷ 8 = 24 ÷ (0.125 × 8) = 24 ÷ 1 = 24
(8) 6.4 ÷ 0.2 ÷ 0.8 = 6.4 ÷ (0.2 × 0.8) = 6.4 ÷ 0.16 = 40
(9) 18.9 ÷ 0.7 ÷ 0.9 = 18.9 ÷ (0.7 × 0.9) = 18.9 ÷ 0.63 = 30
(10) 5.6 ÷ 0.7 ÷ 0.4 = 5.6 ÷ (0.7 × 0.4) = 5.6 ÷ 0.28 = 20
(11) 2.4 ÷ 0.5 ÷ 0.8 = 2.4 ÷ (0.5 × 0.8) = 2.4 ÷ 0.4 = 6
(12) 14.4 ÷ 0.6 ÷ 0.8 = 14.4 ÷ (0.6 × 0.8) = 14.4 ÷ 0.48 = 30
(13) 8.1 ÷ 0.3 ÷ 0.9 = 8.1 ÷ (0.3 × 0.9) = 8.1 ÷ 0.27 = 30
(14) 10 ÷ 0.25 ÷ 4 = 10 ÷ (0.25 × 4) = 10 ÷ 1 = 10
(15) 7.8 ÷ 0.3 ÷ 2.6 = 7.8 ÷ (0.3 × 2.6) = 7.8 ÷ 0.78 = 10
考点4 含中括号的混合运算
(1) 4.8 ÷ [0.4 × (12.5 - 11)] = 4.8 ÷ [0.4 × 1.5] = 4.8 ÷ 0.6 = 8
(2) 7.2 ÷ [(1.2 + 0.6) ÷ 0.3] = 7.2 ÷ [1.8 ÷ 0.3] = 7.2 ÷ 6 = 1.2
(3) 9.6 ÷ [0.8 × (6 - 3.5)] = 9.6 ÷ [0.8 × 2.5] = 9.6 ÷ 2 = 4.8
(4) [3.6 × 0.5 + 1.4] × 0.2 = [1.8 + 1.4] × 0.2 = 3.2 × 0.2 = 0.64
(5) 15 ÷ [(0.6 + 0.9) × 0.5] = 15 ÷ [1.5 × 0.5] = 15 ÷ 0.75 = 20
(6) 8.4 ÷ [(0.7 + 1.4) ÷ 0.3] = 8.4 ÷ [2.1 ÷ 0.3] = 8.4 ÷ 7 = 1.2
(7) 10.5 ÷ [0.7 × (2.5 + 2.5)] = 10.5 ÷ [0.7 × 5] = 10.5 ÷ 3.5 = 3
(8) 6.3 ÷ [0.9 × (3.5 - 2.8)] = 6.3 ÷ [0.9 × 0.7] = 6.3 ÷ 0.63 = 10
(9) [0.5 × (4.8 ÷ 0.6)] × 1.2 = [0.5 × 8] × 1.2 = 4 × 1.2 = 4.8
(10) 12 ÷ [(0.4 + 0.6) × 0.3] = 12 ÷ [1 × 0.3] = 12 ÷ 0.3 = 40
(11) 3.6 ÷ [(0.6 + 0.9) ÷ 0.5] = 3.6 ÷ [1.5 ÷ 0.5] = 3.6 ÷ 3 = 1.2
(12) [7.2 ÷ (0.9 × 0.4)] × 0.5 = [7.2 ÷ 0.36] × 0.5 = 20 × 0.5 = 10
(13) 9.9 ÷ [(1.1 + 2.2) × 0.2] = 9.9 ÷ [3.3 × 0.2] = 9.9 ÷ 0.66 = 15
(14) 4.5 × [(8.4 ÷ 1.2) - 4] = 4.5 × [7 - 4] = 4.5 × 3 = 13.5
(15) 18 ÷ [(0.5 × 0.6) + 0.3] = 18 ÷ [0.3 + 0.3] = 18 ÷ 0.6 = 30
考点5 四则混合,括号内含乘除
(1) 12 ÷ (2.5 × 0.4) = 12 ÷ 1 = 12
(2) 8.4 ÷ (0.7 × 0.3) = 8.4 ÷ 0.21 = 40
(3) 15 ÷ (0.6 × 0.5) = 15 ÷ 0.3 = 50
(4) 7.2 ÷ (3.6 ÷ 0.5) = 7.2 ÷ 7.2 = 1
(5) 9.6 ÷ (0.8 × 0.2) = 9.6 ÷ 0.16 = 60
(6) 4.5 × (6.3 ÷ 0.9) = 4.5 × 7 = 31.5
(7) 18 ÷ (1.8 × 0.5) = 18 ÷ 0.9 = 20
(8) 6.6 ÷ (2.2 ÷ 0.4) = 6.6 ÷ 5.5 = 1.2
(9) 3.2 × (7.2 ÷ 0.8) = 3.2 × 9 = 28.8
(10) 14.4 ÷ (0.4 × 0.9) = 14.4 ÷ 0.36 = 40
(11) 5.5 ÷ (1.1 × 0.2) = 5.5 ÷ 0.22 = 25
(12) 2.8 × (5.4 ÷ 0.9) = 2.8 × 6 = 16.8
(13) 10.5 ÷ (0.5 × 0.7) = 10.5 ÷ 0.35 = 30
(14) 7.8 ÷ (3.9 ÷ 0.6) = 7.8 ÷ 6.5 = 1.2
(15) 4.8 × (9.2 ÷ 2.3) = 4.8 × 4 = 19.2
考点6 运用乘法分配律简算
(1) 3.6 × 7 + 6.4 ÷ 0.2 = 25.2 + 32 = 57.2
(2) 2.5 × 4.4 + 7.2 ÷ 0.8 = 11 + 9 = 20
(3) 1.25 × 0.8 + 9.9 ÷ 0.9 = 1 + 11 = 12
(4) 5.6 × 0.2 + 4.4 ÷ 5 = 5.6 × 0.2 + 4.4 × 0.2 = (5.6 + 4.4) × 0.2 = 10 × 0.2 = 2
(5) 0.25 × 8.8 + 12 ÷ 2.4 = 2.2 + 5 = 7.2
(6) 7.2 × 0.5 + 2.8 ÷ 2 = 7.2 × 0.5 + 2.8 × 0.5 = (7.2 + 2.8) × 0.5 = 10 × 0.5 = 5
(7) 4.8 × 2 + 5.2 ÷ 0.5 = 9.6 + 10.4 = 20
(8) 1.2 × 3.5 + 8.4 ÷ 2 = 4.2 + 4.2 = 8.4
(9) 6.3 × 0.4 + 3.7 × 0.4 = (6.3 + 3.7) × 0.4 = 10 × 0.4 = 4
(10) 0.5 × 9.6 + 10.4 ÷ 2 = 9.6 × 0.5 + 10.4 × 0.5 = (9.6 + 10.4) × 0.5 = 20 × 0.5 = 10
(11) 3.5 × 1.2 + 6.5 × 1.2 = (3.5 + 6.5) × 1.2 = 10 × 1.2 = 12
(12) 2.4 × 0.7 + 7.6 × 0.7 = (2.4 + 7.6) × 0.7 = 10 × 0.7 = 7
(13) 1.25 × 5.6 + 4.4 ÷ 0.8 = 7 + 5.5 = 12.5
(14) 0.25 × 3.6 + 6.4 ÷ 4 = 0.25 × 3.6 + 6.4 × 0.25 = (3.6 + 6.4) × 0.25 = 10 × 0.25 = 2.5
(15) 8.8 × 0.5 + 1.2 ÷ 2 = 8.8 × 0.5 + 1.2 × 0.5 = (8.8 + 1.2) × 0.5 = 10 × 0.5 = 5
应用题参考答案
1. 24.6 - 3 × 4.2 = 24.6 - 12.6 = 12(千米),12 ÷ 2 = 6(千米)。答:平均每天修 6 千米。
2. 香蕉:10.5 ÷ 3 = 3.5(元);苹果:18.4 ÷ 4 = 4.6(元);4.6 - 3.5 = 1.1(元)。答:贵 1.1 元。
3. 3.5 ÷ 2.5 = 1.4(公顷/时),8.4 ÷ 1.4 = 6(小时)。答:一共需要 6 小时。
4. 3.2 × 4 = 12.8(吨),12.8 ÷ 2.5 = 5.12,进一法取 6 次。答:至少运 6 次。
5. 384 ÷ 8 ÷ 24 = 48 ÷ 24 = 2(元)。答:每盒牛奶 2 元。
6. 25.2 ÷ 7 = 3.6(米),(7 + 3.6) × 2 = 21.2(米)。答:篱笆总长 21.2 米。
7. 1.2 ÷ 5 ÷ 0.4 = 0.24 ÷ 0.4 = 0.6(公顷)。答:1 台洒水车 1 小时洒水 0.6 公顷。
8. 120 - 4 × 13.5 = 120 - 54 = 66(页),66 ÷ 5 = 13.2(页)。答:平均每天看 13.2 页。
9. 12.8 × 2.5 ÷ 8 = 32 ÷ 8 = 4(千克)。答:可以买饼干 4 千克。
10. 54 ÷ 3 ÷ 4.5 = 18 ÷ 4.5 = 4(个)。答:平均每个工人每小时加工 4 个零件。
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