Unit 8 Green Living 语法（非谓语动词现在分词和过去分词）导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语北师大版必修第三册

Unit 8 Green Living 语法（现在分词doing和过去分词done形式）导学案

北师大版高中英语 · 必修第三册 Unit 8 Green Living

一、核心知识：非谓语动词 doing和done形式

非谓语动词 doing和done形式在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可用作定语、状语、补语或表语，是语法填空和书面表达的高频考点。

（一）动词doing形式：表示主动或正在进行

1. 作定语（attributive）：单个doing形式多前置，短语多后置。

The crying child had a cut on his knee. The man managing the company is my uncle.（= who manages the company）

2. 作状语（adverbial）：可表时间、原因、条件、结果或伴随，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。

Travelling on foot, we saw many beautiful places.（= When we travelled on foot）

3. 作补语（complement）：常见于 see / hear / keep / leave 等动词后。

I heard two people arguing. Don't leave the tap running.（tap n. 水龙头）

4. 作表语（predicative）：说明主语的性质或特征。

The football game was exciting.（exciting 令人兴奋的）

（二）动词done形式：表示被动或已经完成

1. 作定语：可前置或后置。

Fined drivers risk losing their licenses. （fined修饰司机表示被罚款的司机，有被动的含义）

The money hidden in the shed（n. 棚屋）was stolen.（hidden表示钱被藏起来，注意后面的stolen和was合起来做谓语动词是被动语态，不是非谓语动词，注意区分）

2. 作状语：表时间、原因、条件等，相当于状语从句的省略。

Injured in the accident, he was sent to hospital at once.

（Injured in the accident = Because  he was injured in the accident）

3. 作补语和表语。

I had my bike repaired yesterday. The students looked tired but happy.

（三）doing形式与done形式作形容词的区别

doing形式说明事物本身"令人……的"，多修饰物；done形式说明人"感到……的"，多修饰人。

an exciting match / the excited fans; a moving story / the moved readers; inspiring news（inspiring 鼓舞人心的）/ an inspired young man（inspired 受到鼓舞的）

（四）高频考点与易错提醒

1. 逻辑主语一致：doing / done形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。

正：Carrying a large box, she tripped on a step. 误：Carrying a large box, her foot tripped on a step.（her foot 不能作 carrying 的逻辑主语）

2. doing / done形式可代替定语从句或状语从句，使句子更紧凑。

The car drove through the city, heading for the mountain area.（= and headed for）

3. 被动且正在进行的动作可用 being done；已完成的被动动作常用 done。

The problem being discussed now is very important.（being discussed 正在被讨论的）

4. 名词后常用done形式短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句。

the people injured in the earthquake（earthquake n. 地震）（= who were injured）

5. 感官动词后do， doing 与being done， done 的区别，见下面例句：

I saw him watering the flowers.（我看见他正在浇花）

I saw the flowers being watered by him.（我看见花正在被浇）

I saw him water the flowers.（我看见他浇花的整个过程了）

I saw the flowers watered by him.（我看见花被浇完了）

6. 本单元语法非谓语动词doing和done形式，做题的时候首先要注意区别谓语动词和非谓语动词，比如be+ doing要看是不是谓语动词的现在进行时， be+done要看是不是谓语动词的被动语态。

 

语法练习 A ------ 语法填空（用括号内单词的适当形式填空）

Last Friday, our class visited a shared-bike station near our school. 1.________ (attract) by the idea of green living, we decided to ride there instead of taking the bus. 2.________ (see) hundreds of brightly-coloured bikes lined up along the street, we took out our phones and unlocked two of them. The bikes, 3.________ (track) by a computer system, can be left at special parking places. 4.________ (ride) along the bicycle path, we felt the wind and talked about how bike-sharing has changed our city. "People 5.________ (cycle) to work help reduce air pollution," said Li Ming, 6.________ (point) to a long line of riders. A cleaner, 7.________ (tire) after a morning's hard work, was resting under a tree. We also noticed a poster 8.________ (read), "Every individual makes a difference." 9.________ (move) by these words, we promised to ride more often. It was truly an 10.________ (excite) experience.

语法练习 B ------ 语法填空（选择最佳选项）

A new "Green Library" opened in our city last month. 1.________ free seats and solar-powered lights, it welcomes students who want to study in a quiet, environmentally friendly space. The walls, 2.________ light green, make people feel relaxed. Visitors can drink water from a machine 3.________ rainwater 4.________ from the roof. The library also holds weekly talks about low-carbon life. 5.________ at the opening ceremony, the mayor said, "Small actions, repeated by millions, will change the world."

1. A. Offering　B. Offered　　2. A. painting　B. painted　　3. A. using　B. used　　4. A. collecting　B. collected　　5. A. Speaking　B. Spoken

语法练习 C ------ 用括号内单词的适当形式填空

Dear Mum and Dad,

Greetings from Inner Mongolia! I have been working as a volunteer with NPO-Greenlife（非营利环保组织"绿色生命"）for a week now. Every morning we start before sunrise, 1.________ (carry) young trees up the sandy hills. The work is harder than I expected. Yesterday a strong wind came, and many newly 2.________ (plant) trees were blown down. 3.________ (see) this, some of us almost wanted to cry, but our team leader

smiled and said, "Roots grow stronger after every storm." Today we replanted them all, 4.________ (work) side by side in the hot sun. There is a local farmer 5.________ (call) Uncle Bao. He brings us water and tells us stories about the desert. This afternoon, 6.________ (move) by one of his stories, I wrote a short poem and read it aloud. Everyone laughed and cheered. 7.________ (stand) on the hill at sunset, I look at the young trees 8.________ (sway) in the wind. They look weak, but they are alive—just like the shoots in the story of Roots & Shoots（"根与芽"环保组织）. I feel 9.________ (excite) and tired, and happier than I have ever been. This experience has taught me that every person, however small, can help make the world greener. 10.________ (look) forward to seeing you next month!

语法练习 D ------ 语法填空（选择最佳选项）

Our school held a "Green City Week" last month. 1.________ by the student union, ten classes took part in a poster contest. 2.________ by three art teachers, thirty posters were chosen and put on the wall outside the dining hall. In one poster, a child was shown 3.________ a young tree; in another, the earth was drawn 4.________ over piles of plastic bags. "The posters, simple but 5.________, remind us that art can speak louder than words," said our teacher.

1. A. Inviting　B. Invited　　2. A. Judging　B. Judged　　3. A. watering　B. watered　　4. A. crying　B. cried　　5. A. moving　B. moved

第二部分

A. 阅读理解 ------ China's Clean Power Passes Coal for the First Time

In July 2026, the National Energy Administration（国家能源局）released its half-year report, announcing a historic milestone: China's combined wind and solar power capacity has passed that of coal for the first time. By the end of June, wind and solar farms across the country could produce more than 1,600 gigawatts（吉瓦，十亿瓦特）of electricity, about 46 percent of the nation's total power capacity.

The rapid growth has been driven by several forces. Over the past fifteen years, the cost of solar panels has fallen by nearly 90 percent, making solar power cheaper than coal in most provinces. Meanwhile, the government has built huge wind and solar bases in the deserts of Inner Mongolia（内蒙古自治区）and the Gobi Desert（戈壁沙漠）, where land is cheap and sunshine is abundant. Special lines then carry this power thousands of kilometres to cities in the east.

However, experts warn that the hardest work is still ahead. Wind and sunshine cannot be ordered to appear exactly when people need electricity. In the past, some clean power was wasted on windy nights when the demand was low. To solve this problem, China is now building the world's largest network of storage batteries（储能电池）, which can store extra power and release it later when it is needed. Although storage batteries are not perfect, such as pollution and energy loss during charging and discharging, the technology is always moving forward.

The environmental effects are already visible. Clean power helped China reduce its carbon emissions（碳排放）while its economy kept growing. "Each gigawatt of clean power means millions of tonnes less coal and a sky with fewer grey days," said one researcher. As one engineer joked, "We are not just making electricity; we are making history."

1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?