期中复习Units 1～5（词汇综合练）英语人教版选择性必修第一册

期中复习Units 1~5（词汇综合练） （建议用时：60分钟） 一、单句语法填空 二、根据汉语意思写出单词的正确形式 三、完成句子 四、语篇语法填空 五、阅读理解 一、单句语法填空 1．Most scientists are opposed to (give) up such a valuable research project. 【答案】giving 【详解】句意：大多数科学家反对放弃这样一个宝贵的研究项目。固定短语be opposed to意为“反对”，其中to是介词，后面需接动名词giving，作宾语。 2．The girl missed the early bus, (force) her to take a taxi to school. 【答案】forcing 【详解】句意：那个女孩错过了早班车，迫使她打车去学校。句中已有谓语动词missed，设空处应填非谓语动词作结果状语，force与逻辑主语“The girl missed the early bus”这件事之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。 3．Some teenagers are addicted to (play) online games day and night. 【答案】playing 【详解】句意：一些青少年沉迷于日夜玩网络游戏设空处位于介词to之后，应用动名词作宾语，构成固定短语be addicted to doing sth.，意为“沉迷于做某事”，故play应变为playing。 4．I must add that I started reading the books from the start, as opposed to (work) backwards. 【答案】working 【详解】句意：我必须补充一点，我从头开始读这些书，而不是倒着读。短语as opposed to中的to是介词，接动名词作宾语。 5．The Shorter Oxford Dictionary contains around 163,000 words, plus word (combine) and idiomatic phrases. 【答案】combinations 【详解】句意：《简明牛津词典》收录了大约163,000个单词，以及词语组合和惯用短语。设空处与“words”和“idiomatic phrases”并列，作contains的宾语，应填名词形式；combine为动词，其名词形式为combination，此处表示多种词语组合，应用复数形式。 6．There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not (objective) true, and that giants, two-headed dragons, etc. do not exist. 【答案】objectively 【详解】句意：也有人反对童话故事，认为它们并非客观真实，比如巨人、双头龙等并不存在。修饰形容词true应用提示词的副词形式objectively，意为“客观地”。 7．The young researcher committed himself to (explore) unknown scientific fields. 【答案】exploring 【详解】句意：这位年轻的研究者致力于探索未知的科学领域。固定搭配commit oneself to中to是介词，后面需要接动名词作宾语，explore的动名词为exploring。 8．I tried to persuade him (change) his original research plan, but failed. 【答案】to change 【详解】句意：我尽力劝说他改变原先的研究计划，但失败了。persuade sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“劝说某人做某事”，此处用不定式to change，作宾补。 9．We are looking forward to (attend) the lecture on future smart‑home technology. 【答案】attending 【详解】句意：我们期待参加这场关于未来智能家居技术的讲座。look forward to doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“期待做某事”，此处to为介词，后接动名词attending，作宾语。 10．The smart equipment can work automatically, (free) people from heavy housework. 【答案】freeing 【详解】句意：这套智能设备可以自动运行，将人们从繁重的家务中解脱出来。此处为非谓语动词作状语，前面整件事和free之间是主动关系，所以使用现在分词freeing。 11．It is important that every rule in our school (obey) by each student during the whole school year. 【答案】should be obeyed/ be obeyed 【详解】句意：在整个学年里，每位学生都应当遵守我校的每一条规章制度。It is important that从句使用虚拟语气，从句谓语为“ (should)+动词原形”；主语every rule和obey之间是被动关系，所以谓语动词为(should) be obeyed。 12．Her (prefer) is for comfortable rather than stylish clothes. 【答案】preference 【详解】句意：她偏爱舒适的衣服，而不是时髦的衣服。空处作主语，需填名词preference。 13．…, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist (tempt) foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】tempting 【详解】句意：……而这种不匹配正是导致我们许多人难以抗拒那些明知不该吃的食物的根本原因。修饰名词foods应用形容词作定语。 14．Income, education and (occupy) all play a part in determining a person’s smoking habit. 【答案】occupation 【详解】句意：收入、教育以及职业，都会对一个人的吸烟习惯产生影响。and并列三个名词：Income（收入）、education（教育）、occupation（职业）共同作主语。occupy名词形式为occupation“职业”，符合语境。 15．In the (absent) of fresh air, people may start to feel sick. 【答案】absence 【详解】考查名词。句意：在缺乏新鲜空气的情况下，人们可能会开始觉得不舒服。in the absence of是固定短语，译为“缺乏……，不存在……”，此处为名词作介词in的宾语。故填absence。 16．Animal rights (advocate) argue that zoos are really animal prisons and very often cruel. 【答案】advocates 【详解】考查名词。句意：动物权利倡导者认为动物园实际上是动物监狱，而且往往很残忍。根据空后谓语动词argue可知，此空应是可数名词复数形式advocates，意为“倡导者，拥护者”。此空是句子主语。故填advocates。 17．A realistic collection of short stories, focusing on daily life, will be (suit) for young readers eager to explore real‑world experiences. 【答案】suitable 【详解】句意：一本聚焦日常生活的写实短篇小说集，将适合那些渴望探索真实世界体验的年轻读者。根据句中固定搭配be suitable for表示“适合……”，可知此处要在be动词后用形容词作表语，suit的形容词形式为suitable。 18． (spend) too much time online makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. 【答案】Spending 【详解】句意：花费太多时间上网会让人很难专注于生活中的其他事情。空处作主语，需用动名词形式spending，位于句首，首字母需大写。 19．Reading literary works and reflecting on them (broaden) our horizons gradually. 【答案】broadens 【详解】句意：阅读文学作品并对其进行思考会逐渐拓宽我们的视野。空处作句子谓语，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，动名词Reading literary works and reflecting on them作主语，看作整体概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 20．The headmaster commanded that a new after-school activity plan (adopt) by all classes. 【答案】should be adopted/be adopted 【详解】句意：校长下令所有班级都要采用一份新的课后活动方案。command表示命令，其后宾语从句使用虚拟语气，结构为“(should)+动词原形”；plan与adopt为被动关系，所以此处为(should) be adopted。 21． (encourage) students to participate in the learning process is a good way to motivate them. 【答案】Encouraging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：鼓励学生参与学习过程是激励他们的一个好方法。本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词作主语，表示一般性的、抽象的动作，应用encourage“鼓励”的动名词形式，句首单词首字母大写。故填Encouraging。 22． (stretch) over 369 square kilometers in Hunan Province, Wulingyuan Scenic Area has more than 3,000 unique mountains and peaks. 【答案】Stretching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：武陵源风景区在湖南省绵延369平方公里，有3000多座独特的山峰。本句谓语为has，此处为非谓语动词，作状语，主语Wulingyuan Scenic Area与stretch“延伸，绵延”为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Stretching。 23．It is necessary and helpful (hire) a local guide when traveling abroad. 【答案】to hire 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：出国旅行时，雇用一位当地导游是必要且有帮助的。根据固定句型“It is + 形容词 + to do sth. (做某事是……的)”可知，句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。所给词hire是动词，意为“雇佣，租用”，其不定式为to hire。故填to hire。 24． (theme) can be ideas like family, friendship, love and so on. 【答案】Themes 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：主题可以是家庭、友谊、爱情等想法。theme为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，故用名词复数形式作句子主语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Themes。 25．I hope you’ll take the challenge and find (credible) joy in the process. 【答案】incredible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我希望你能接受这个挑战，并在这个过程中找到难以置信的快乐。空处修饰名词joy，应用形容词形式作定语，结合句意，此处表示找到难以置信的快乐，应使用形容词incredible，意为“难以置信的”。故填incredible。 26．Few people enjoy (quit) a game when they are close to winning. 【答案】quitting 【详解】句意：很少有人愿意在快要赢的时候退出比赛。 固定搭配enjoy doing sth 意为“喜欢/享受做某事”，后面接动名词作宾语，quit的动名词形式是quitting。 27．He is looking forward to (exchange) ideas with international professionals. 【答案】exchanging 【详解】句意：他正期待着和国际专业人士交流想法。look forward to意为“期待、盼望”，to是介词，后面接动词时，需要使用动词的动名词形式，动词exchange的动名词形式为exchanging。 28．Child as he is, the little boy has already formed a good habit of not (distract) from finishing his daily reading task for 30 minutes. 【答案】being distracted 【详解】句意：尽管年纪尚小，这个小男孩已经养成好习惯，在完成每日30分钟阅读任务时不分心。介词of后接动名词形式作宾语；主语the little boy和distract之间是被动关系，be distracted from表示“从……分心”，所以此处用动名词的被动式being distracted。 29．Considering our limited budget, I strongly oppose (conduct) the plan. 【答案】conducting 【详解】句意：考虑到我们有限的预算，我强烈反对实施这项计划。固定搭配oppose doing sth表示“反对做某事”，oppose后接动名词作宾语，conduct的动名词形式为conducting。 30．After (return) from the trip to the mountain, the children were so hungry that they ate up all the food within a short time. 【答案】returning 【详解】句意：从山里旅行回来之后，孩子们非常饥饿，很快吃光了所有食物。本空作介词after的宾语，用动名词returning。 31．Even the president used to have trouble (make) public speeches at an early age. 【答案】making 【详解】句意：即使是总统，小时候做公开演讲也有困难。此空考查固定结构have trouble (in) doing sth，意为“做某事有困难”，介词in可省略，后接动名词作宾语，所以应填making。 32．After (graduate) from junior high, we all started a new chapter of our lives. 【答案】graduating 【详解】句意：初中毕业后，我们都开启了人生的新篇章。介词After后面需要接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语，graduate是动词，graduate from...意为“从……毕业”，因此要将其变为动名词形式graduating。 33．I’m really looking forward to (meet) my new classmates in senior high school. 【答案】meeting 【详解】句意：我非常期待在高中见到我的新同学。此处固定短语look forward to中to是介词，后面接动名词作宾语，meet的动名词形式是meeting。 34．We tried many ways to argue him into (follow) our advice, but in vain. 【答案】following 【详解】句意：我们想尽各种办法劝说他听从我们的建议，但都是徒劳。本空作介词into的宾语，用follow的动名词following。 35．The (deep) of your understanding of the passage determines your performance in reading questions. 【答案】depth 【详解】句意：你对文章的理解深度决定了你在阅读题中的表现。此处需要填入名词作句子主语，所给形容词deep的名词形式是depth，表示“深度”。 36．He devoted most of his spare time to (practise) skateboarding. 【答案】practising 【详解】句意：他把大部分课余时间都投入到练习滑板上。devote...to doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“把……投入到做某事”，其中to为介词，后接动名词形式作宾语。 37．The work will be completed very (short). 【答案】shortly 【详解】句意：这项工作将很快完成。空处修饰动词completed，需用副词shortly，意为“不久，很快”，作状语。 38．The more (alternative) there are, the more difficult the choice will be. 【答案】alternatives 【详解】句意：可供选择的办法越多，做选择就会越困难。 比较级The more后接名词，括号内alternative作名词意为 “可供选择的事物；备选方案”，是可数名词，表示众多备选方案，要用复数形式alternatives。 39．Most ordinary people in Iraq are living in (poor) and panic now. In other words, their basic rights aren’t guaranteed. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】poverty 【详解】句意：如今，伊拉克的大多数普通民众都处于贫困和恐慌之中。换句话说，他们的基本权利并未得到保障。作介词的宾语，用名词poverty“贫困”。 40．Its roof is equipped with 1,600 square meters of solar panels, (generate) about 320,000 kilowatt-hours annually to power its needs. 【答案】generating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：其屋顶装有1600平方米的太阳能电池板，每年可发电约32万千瓦时，满足自身用电需求。句子已有谓语动词is equipped with，且其与空处所给动词之间无连词，空处需用非谓语形式。generate(产生)与逻辑主语solar panels(太阳能电池板)之间是主动关系，需用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填generating。 二、单词拼写 41．The magazine reported on a ________ (植物的) research project protecting endangered tropical plants. 【答案】botanical 【详解】句意：该杂志报道了一个保护濒危热带植物的植物学研究项目。根据空后名词短语research project和汉语提示“植物的”可知，空处应填形容词botanical，作定语修饰名词短语。 42．It is necessary for us to have an ________ (客观的) attitude towards life. 【答案】objective 【详解】句意：我们有必要以客观的态度对待生活。根据汉语提示“客观的”可知，此处为形容词objective，修饰名词attitude。 43．So long as we can ________ (击败) the other team, we’ll become the champion of course. 【答案】defeat/beat 【详解】句意：只要我们能够击败另一支队伍，我们当然就会成为冠军。根据汉语提示“击败”以及情态动词can后接动词原形可知，此处为动词defeat或者beat。 44．It is of ________ (至关重要的) importance that we get there by six o’clock. 【答案】vital 【详解】句意：我们在六点前到达那里至关重要。空处修饰名词importance，作定语，根据汉语提示，表示“至关重要的”应使用形容词vital。 45．The company obtained a ________ (专利) for the new device after three years of hard work and research. 【答案】patent 【详解】句意：‌经过三年的努力钻研，这家公司获得了这项新设备的专利。根据汉语提示“专利”可知，此处为名词patent，作宾语，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。 46．The ________ (图书管理员) is going to enter the new book in the catalogue. 【答案】 librarian 【详解】句意：图书管理员打算把新书录入目录。根据提示的汉语“图书管理员”可知，此处对应单词为librarian，设空处在句中作主语，结合谓语动词is可知，应用名词单数形式。 47．They are the building blocks of our future, both for urban and ________ (乡村的) areas. 【答案】rural 【详解】句意：它们是我们未来的基石，适用于城市和乡村地区。根据汉语提示“乡村的”可知，此处为形容词rural，和urban并列修饰名词areas。 48．When the rain started, the crowd vanished in an ________ (瞬间；片刻). 【答案】 instant 【详解】句意：雨开始下的时候，人群在一瞬间消失了。根据汉语提示“瞬间；片刻”以及空前的冠词an可知，此处应填入以元音音素开头的单数名词instant，in an instant为固定搭配，意为“一瞬间，立刻”。 49．Do ask questions about professional development and career ________ (前景), for example. 【答案】prospects 【详解】句意：例如，一定要询问有关职业发展和职业前景的问题。根据汉语提示“前景”可知，此处为名词prospect，career prospects为固定搭配，表示“职业前景”。 50．________ (化简) professional knowledge step by step is a practical and necessary skill for every active learner. 【答案】Simplifying 【详解】句意：把专业知识一步步简化，对于每一位积极主动的学习者来说，是一项实用且必备的能力。根据汉语提示可知用动词simplify，作句子的主语用动名词形式，首字母大写。 51．The scientists spent three years exploring the unknown ________ (领土) in the Antarctic. 【答案】territory 【详解】句意：科学家们花费三年时间探索南极这片未知的领土。根据汉语提示“领土”可知，此处为名词territory，作exploring的宾语。 52．The house is clearly ________ (看得见的) from the distant beach. 【答案】visible 【详解】句意：从远处的海滩可以清楚地看到那所房子。根据汉语提示“看得见的”可知，此处为形容词 visible，在句中作表语。 53．She had reduced her ________ (消耗量) of fat and sugar to an absolute minimum. 【答案】consumption 【详解】考查名词。句意：她已将脂肪和糖分的摄入量降到了最低。根据汉语提示“消耗量”可知，此处为consumption，为不可数名词，在句中作宾语。故填consumption。 54．After separation from her family for months for the first time, the girl kept ________ (联系) her mum almost every day recently. 【答案】contacting 【详解】句意：这个女孩第一次和家人分离数月后，最近几乎每天都和妈妈保持联系。根据汉语提示“联系”以及固定搭配keep doing sth.可知，此空填动名词contacting，作宾语。 55．No two leaves in the world are ________ (完全相同的) to each other, though they look similar. 【答案】identical 【详解】句意：世界上没有两片树叶是完全相同的，尽管它们看起来相似。根据汉语提示可知用形容词identical，作表语。 56．Careful __________ (评估) is made from all students’ work. 【答案】assessment 【详解】句意：对所有学生的作品进行了仔细的评估。空处在句中作主语，受形容词Careful修饰，“评估”对应的名词为assessment，为不可数名词。 57．Scientists are working hard to find an ______ (替代方案) to plastic bags in order to protect the environment. 【答案】alternative 【详解】句意：为了保护环境，科学家正在努力寻找塑料袋的一种替代方案。空前有an，要填以元音音素开头的单数可数名词。结合汉语提示“替代方案”可知，要填alternative。 58．More and more people today prefer to buy ________ (有机的) food because they think it is healthier and safer. 【答案】organic 【详解】句意：如今越来越多人更愿意购买有机食品，因为他们认为有机食品更健康、更安全。所填词作定语修饰名词food，结合该词的汉语提示“有机的”，可知要填形容词organic。 59．It takes time for our bodies to ______ (消化) the food we eat, especially after a large meal. 【答案】digest 【详解】句意：我们的身体需要时间来消化吃下的食物，尤其在一顿大餐之后。本句使用了句型“It takes time for sb./sth. to do sth.”，所填词为动词原形；结合汉语提示“消化”，动词digest符合题干要求。 60．The scientist’s remarkable discovery ________(使确信) the entire academic community that the theory was correct. 【答案】convinced 【详解】句意：这位科学家的惊人发现使整个学术界相信这个理论是正确的。空处作主句谓语，根据汉语提示可知是动词convince，且事情已经发生，用过去式convinced。 三、完成句子 61．直到在剑桥完成博士学业后，她才就任一家顶尖期刊最年轻的主编。 Not until she had completed her PhD at Cambridge did she ________ ________ ________ ________ as the youngest chief editor of a leading journal. 【答案】 take up a position 【详解】对比中英文提示，空处表达“就任”，用固定搭配take up a position，not until置句首，句子使用部分倒装，助动词did置于主语前，谓语动词用原形。 62．2024年上台的新政府一直在夜以继日地工作，努力在气候承诺与经济复苏间寻找平衡。 The new government that ________ ________ ________ in 2024 has been working day and night to balance climate pledges with economic recovery. 【答案】 came to power 【详解】对比中英文提示，空处表达“上台、执政”，用固定搭配come to power作that引导的定语从句的谓语，时间状语in 2024是明确的过去时间点，定语从句的动作发生在过去，因此使用一般过去时，将come变为过去式came。 63．尽管早期疫苗数据看上去令人鼓舞，审查委员会坚持要求在更严格的条件下重做每一项测试后才批准。 Although early vaccine data looked promising, the review board ________ ________ repeating every test under stricter conditions before granting approval. 【答案】 insisted on 【详解】对比中英文提示，空处表达“坚持要求做某事”，常用固定表达是insist on，后接动名词作宾语，契合空后的repeating形式；前半句的looked提示句子整体为一般过去时，因此将insist变为过去式insisted。 64．正如图表所显示的那样，现在有越来越多的学生喜欢读书。 ________  ________  ________ by the chart, nowadays there are more and more students loving reading books. 【答案】 As is shown 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“正如……所显示的那样”应用as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句的内容，后面内容与show“显示”之间为被动关系，时态与后文保持一致用一般现在时，且位于句首首字母大写，所以应填As is shown。 65．早期，当几乎没人相信电动汽车时，那位工程师已经在设计电池——如今这些电池为全球一半的新能源汽车提供动力。 ________ ________, when few believed in electric cars, that engineer was already designing batteries that now power half the world’s new EVs. 【答案】 Early on 【详解】对比中英文提示，空处表达“早期”，用固定短语early on，作状语，置句首单词首字母大写。 66．中国 2025 年可再生能源的纪录掀起了一场全球绿色浪潮; 从这个意义上说，气候行动与经济增长终于拥有了同一个共同目标。 China’s 2025 renewable energy record has triggered a global green wave; ________ ________ ________, climate action and economic growth finally share one common goal. 【答案】 in this sense 【详解】对比中英文提示，空处为“从这个意义上说”，用固定短语in this sense，介词短语作状语。 67．随着远程办公成为新常态，数百万上班族发现下班后越来越难关掉工作手机。 As remote work becomes the new normal, millions of professionals find it increasingly hard to ________ ________ their work phones after hours. 【答案】 switch off 【详解】中英文对比可知，空处需翻译“关掉”，可用固定搭配switch off，句中find it hard to do sth.是固定结构，不定式符号to后接动词原形。 68．去年冬天，暴雪迫使多座城市转为线上教学，数百万学生的日常作息被打乱。 The ________ ________ of millions of students were severely disrupted last winter when heavy snowstorms forced cities to switch to online classes. 【答案】 daily routines 【详解】中英文对比可知，空处需翻译“日常作息”。“日常作息”英文为daily routine，句中谓语为were，所以用复数形式daily routines作主语。 69．滑冰板流行了几个月，但又不流行了。 The skate-board caught on for a few months, but then dropped ____ ____ ____. 【答案】 out of fashion 【详解】根据句中caught on for a few months, but then可知，此处表示滑冰板不流行了，应使用drop out of fashion，意为“不再流行”。 70．他学会了安全地上下楼梯。 He learned to walk ________ ________ ________ stairs safely. 【答案】 up and down 【详解】表示“上上下下”用固定搭配up and down。 71．At the weekends, I play computer games if I’m not ________ ________. 周末如果没忙着学习，我就玩电脑游戏。 【答案】 busy studying 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处表示“忙着学习”，可用形容词短语be busy doing表示“忙着做某事”，其中动名词作宾语，“学习”可用动词study。 72．________ ________ to criticize, I think you could have done better. 我不是想要批评谁，只是认为你本可以做得更好一些。 【答案】 Without wanting 【详解】考查介词短语。介词短语without doing sth表示“不做某事、没有做某事”，动词短语want to do表示“想要做某事”，“想要批评谁”可译为want to criticize，故“不是想要批评谁”可译为without wanting to criticize；句首字母大写。故空①填Without；空②填wanting。 73．Some people would avoid ________ ________ your eyes. 有些人会避免盯着你的眼睛看。 【答案】 staring at 【详解】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。根据固定搭配“avoid doing sth. (避免做某事)”以及“stare at (盯着看)”可知，此处需用动名词staring at，作宾语。故填①staring，②at。 74．我很生气，在学校里一整天都躲着她，我到现在也不想回复她的任何在线信息 I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day and I still don’t ______ ______ _______ _______ any of her online messages 【答案】 feel like responding to 【详解】考查动名词短语。feel like doing sth.表示“想要做某事”，“回复”常见表达为respond to 。don't后接动词原形，所以用feel like responding to ，表达“不想回复”。故填feel； like； responding ；to。 75．杰克以前在一家好公司上班。不幸的是，公司让他离开 —— 换句话说，他被炒了鱿鱼。 Jack worked with a great company. Unfortunately, they asked him to leave — _________ _________ _________ he was fired. 【答案】 in other words 【详解】考查介词固定短语。根据中英文句子及破折号后的解释逻辑可知，空处缺少“换句话说”的英文表达，应用介词固定短语“in other words”。该短语在句中作插入语，用于对前文“asked him to leave”进行同义转述，与后文“he was fired”构成同位关系。故填①in；②other；③words。 76．大众公认，努力养成一个良好的学习习惯对你日后的社会生活至关重要。 ________  ________ widely ________ that trying to develop a good study habit is essential for your later social life. 【答案】 It is acknowledged 【详解】分析英汉句子可知，本题要结合widely翻译“大众公认”；that引导的从句用了一般现在时，主句陈述事实也用一般现在时，“公认”为动词acknowledge，本句要用固定句型“It is widely acknowledged+that从句”，It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。 77．我们什么时候去野餐还不知道。 __________________ hasn’t been known yet. 【答案】When we will go for a picnic 【详解】考查主语从句、时态、固定搭配。表示“我们什么时候去野餐”用主语从句，从句中：表示“我们”用we，作主语；表示“去野餐”用固定搭配go for a picnic，描述将来的事情，从句时态用一般将来时；表示“当……时候”用when，引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故翻译为When we will go for a picnic。 78．尽管遇到各种困难，这位教授仍为中国的科学研究奉献了她的一生。 Although facing all kinds of difficultes, the professor still ______ ______ ______ to scientific research in China. 【答案】 devoted her life 【详解】考查动词短语和一般过去时。此处描述过去的事情，所以应用一般过去时。表示“奉献她的一生”应用动词短语devote her life表示。故填①devoted②her③life。 79．这些研究包含基本动物和（或）人类研究。 These studies may ________ ________ ________ either basic animal or human research or both. 【答案】 be comprised of 【详解】考查固定短语。空处表示“包含”，用固定短语be comprised of，情态动词may后接动词原形，故填①be②comprised③of。 80．无论你选哪一门课程都由你来决定。 ________ ________ you will take is up to you. 【答案】 Whichever course 【详解】考查主语从句和名词。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“无论哪一门课程”，故用Whichever course表示。Whichever“无论哪个”，引导主语从句。course“课程”，为可数名词，根据汉语“哪一门课程”，故course用单数形式，作will take的宾语。故填①Whichever②course。 四、语法填空 （26-27高二上·福建三明·阶段检测）语法填空 Have you dreamed of living in a smart home? In fact, in the not-too-distant future we will be living in smart homes, 1 will keep us secure, save us energy, and provide a more 2 (comfort) environment to live in. Today, we have to use 3 (switch) for our lights, knobs for our appliances, and remote controls for our TVs and air conditioners. In the future, they will be automatically controlled in our home. You will no longer have to think about 4 (turn) switches on and off yourself. Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. In addition, your smart home will be 5 (careful) monitoring your health for you every day. Your bed, for example, will record how well you sleep every night. It will also be checking your body weight. If you start to have sleep or weight problems, it will send a warning to your phone. Smart homes will be able 6 (prevent) serious damage from accidents. For example, if 7 water pipe starts leaking, your smart home will detect it and provide you 8 the relevant information. This way, you will be able to fix the problem before your home 9 (become) flooded. This smart technology is not a fantasy. Nevertheless, 10 will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology. 【答案】 1．which 2．comfortable 3．switches 4．turning 5．carefully 6．to prevent 7．a 8．with 9．becomes 10．it 【导语】文章主要介绍了智能家居的各项功能、优势以及这项技术的应用前景。 1．考查定语从句。句意：事实上，在不远的将来，我们将生活在智能家居中，它会保护我们的安全、节约能源，并提供一个更舒适的居住环境。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是smart homes，指代事物，从句缺少主语，所以用关系代词which。 2．考查形容词。句意：事实上，在不远的将来，我们将生活在智能家居中，它会保护我们的安全、节约能源，并提供一个更舒适的居住环境。空后environment是名词，需要形容词修饰名词，comfort的形容词形式为comfortable，意为“舒适的”，与more构成比较级。 3．考查名词复数。句意：如今，我们必须使用开关控制灯光、旋钮控制电器、遥控器控制电视和空调。switch“开关”是可数名词，后面lights为复数，此处表示多个开关，所以用复数形式switches。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：你将不再需要亲自考虑打开和关闭开关。介词about后面需要接动名词作宾语，turn的动名词形式是turning。 5．考查副词。句意：此外，你的智能家居将会每天仔细监测你的健康状况。此处修饰谓语动词monitoring，要用副词形式，careful的副词为carefully，意为“仔细地”。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：智能家居能够预防事故造成的严重损害。此处为固定搭配be able to do sth.，意为“能够做某事”，所以用不定式to prevent。 7．考查冠词。句意：例如，如果一根水管开始漏水，你的智能家居会检测到并向你提供相关信息。water pipe为可数名词单数，此处表示“一根水管”，表泛指，water是以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。 8．考查介词。句意：例如，如果一根水管开始漏水，你的智能家居会检测到并向你提供相关信息。此处为固定搭配provide sb. with sth.，意为向某人提供某物，所以用介词with。 9．考查动词时态。句意：这样，你就可以在你的房子被水淹没之前解决这个问题。before引导时间状语从句，遵循主将从现规则，主语your home是单数，谓语动词用一般现在时第三人称单数形式becomes。 10．考查代词。句意：然而，大多数新房开始使用这项新技术还需要数年时间。此处为固定句型it will take some time before...，意为“要过一段时间才会……”，所以用it。 （26-27高二上·广东云浮·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Rehovot is a small and quiet city in the Middle East, like many others, but it has the 1 (big) outdoor science park on the planet. The Clore Garden of Science, the first outdoor and hands-on (亲身实践的) science museum, regularly 2 (allow) visitors to create their own experiences. The park offers visitors a fun and exciting way 3 (explore) science. “We wanted to rethink the idea of a science museum. What we’ve created is very different 4 common museums around the world. It’s less about teaching facts and more about encouraging 5 (curious),” says Amir Schorr, the project manager. The new park mixes science, art, and nature through more than 100 interactive displays (互动展览). They 6 (divide) into eight main parts, each showing nature in a different way. Although the museum 7 (primary) operates in outdoor spaces, there’s still plenty to discover inside, including an AI media lab and a cooking lab. These labs will benefit visitors 8 want to experience the achievements of modern technology. Schorr often tells his team that they should design not just for kids, but for 9 (they). Therefore, visitors of all ages can have fun with the displays 10 learn something new about science. This amazing park shows that science can be both exciting and educational for everyone. 【答案】 1．biggest 2．allows 3．to explore 4．from 5．curiosity 6．are divided 7．primarily 8．who/that 9．themselves 10．and 【导语】文章主要介绍雷霍沃特的克洛尔科学花园户外科学公园及其特色。 1．考查形容词最高级。句意：雷霍沃特是中东一座安静的小城，和其他许多城市一样，但它拥有全球最大的户外科学公园。根据空前的the和空后的on the planet可知，此处表示“地球上最大的”，应用形容词big的最高级形式biggest，作定语修饰outdoor science park。 2．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：克洛尔科学花园是第一个户外动手实践科学博物馆，定期允许游客创造自己的体验。空处为句子的谓语动词，描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时；主语The Clore Garden of Science为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数allows。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：公园为游客提供了一种有趣且令人兴奋的探索科学的方式。way后常接动词不定式作后置定语，a way to do sth.表示“做某事的方式”，空处填不定式形式to explore。 4．考查介词。句意：我们创造的东西与世界各地的普通博物馆非常不同。be different from为固定短语，意为“与……不同”，空处填介词from。 5．考查名词。句意：它不侧重教授事实，更多是鼓励好奇心。空处作encouraging的宾语，应用名词形式，curious的名词形式是curiosity，表示“好奇心”。 6．考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：它们被分为八个主要部分，每个部分以不同方式展示自然。空处为句子的谓语动词，主语They与divide之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时；主语They为复数，be动词用are。 7．考查副词。句意：虽然博物馆主要在户外空间运营，但内部仍有很多值得探索的东西。空处修饰动词operates，应用副词primarily作状语，表示“主要地”。 8．考查定语从句。句意：这些实验室将使那些想要体验现代技术成果的游客受益。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词visitors，指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that。 9．考查反身代词。句意：Schorr经常告诉他的团队，他们不仅应该为孩子设计，也应该为他们自己设计。介词for后指代主语they自身，表示“他们自己”，应用反身代词themselves。 10．考查连词。句意：因此，所有年龄段的游客都能在展览中玩得开心，并学到一些新的科学知识。空处连接have fun with the displays和learn something new about science两个并列的谓语动词，是并列顺承关系，用并列连词and连接。 五、阅读理解 （26-27高二上·陕西咸阳·阶段检测）George Shull was born in 1874 on a farm in Clark County, Ohio, and his knowledge of plants and hybrids came at an early age. Being needed on the farm, Shull received his early formal education off and on. However, it was added by intense home study so that by 1892, he had taught in a public school, and later attended Antioch College. In 1901, he graduated from Antioch and went to the University of Chicago to do graduate work. With his knowledge of botany and experience with farming practices, Shull passed the civil service exam, and took up a position as a botanical assistant at the U.S. National Herbarium. He also worked at the U.S. Bureau of Plant Industry as a botanical expert examining as well as evaluating the plants and animals of the Chesapeake Bay and the Currituck Sound. The data he collected during this time was to comprise his Ph.D．paper. And in 1904 he was appointed to be in charge of plant work at the Station for Experimental Evolution. He began working on corn in 1905. Following Gregor Mendel’s example, Shull obtained pure lines of corn through self-pollination (自花授粉). The pure lines were less healthy and productive, but when he crossed the pure lines, apparently the hybrid yields were better than any of the parents or those pollinated in the open fields. As a consequence, he immediately recognized the potential for using this strategy and device to improve crop yields. In 1915, Shull accepted a professorship at Princeton University. With his encouragement, Princeton University Press began the publication of a new journal, Genetics. Shull was the managing editor for ten years. Genetics is still one of the top international science journals. Shull retired in 1942. He and his wife spent most of their later years with their children and grandchildren. 1．What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．George Shull’s contributions. B．George Shull’s research. C．George Shull’s work experience. D．George Shull’s education. 2．What can we infer about George Shull from the text? A．His farm experience laid a solid foundation for his later research. B．He completed his college education mainly by self-study at home. C．He took the civil service exam to get his position at Antioch College. D．His Ph.D．paper mainly studied plants and animals on his farm. 3．What was so special about Shull’s method of corn breeding? A．It completely relied on self-pollination. B．It was first published in Genetics. C．It was widely accepted in Ohio. D．It focused on crossing pure lines. 4．How does the author mainly develop the text? A．By giving examples. B．By following time order. C．By making comparisons. D．By presenting a scientific study. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】这篇文章主要讲述了植物学家乔治・舒尔出身农场，早年积累植物知识，开展玉米纯系杂交育种研究并发现该方法可提升作物产量，后任教普林斯顿并参与创办顶尖学术期刊《遗传学》。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“In 1901, he graduated from Antioch and went to the University of Chicago to do graduate work. With his knowledge of botany and experience with farming practices, Shull passed the civil service exam, and took up a position as a botanical assistant at the U.S. National Herbarium. He also worked at the U.S. Bureau of Plant Industry as a botanical expert examining as well as evaluating the plants and animals of the Chesapeake Bay and the Currituck Sound. The data he collected during this time was to comprise his Ph.D. paper. And in 1904 he was appointed to be in charge of plant work at the Station for Experimental Evolution.( 1901年，他从安蒂奥克学院毕业后，前往芝加哥大学攻读研究生课程。凭借他在植物学方面的知识以及丰富的农业实践经验，舒尔顺利通过了公务员考试，并成为美国国家植物标本馆的植物助理。他还曾在美国植物产业局担任植物专家，负责对切萨皮克湾和柯里塔克湾的动植物进行考察与评估。这段时期收集的数据后来成为他的博士论文内容。1904年，他被任命为实验进化站植物研究负责人。)”可知，第二段主要讲了乔治·舒尔的工作经历。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段中“George Shull was born in 1874 on a farm in Clark County, Ohio, and his knowledge of plants and hybrids came at an early age.( 乔治·舒尔于1874年出生在俄亥俄州克拉克县的一个农场，他很小就掌握了植物和杂交的相关知识。)”提到舒尔出身农场，从小掌握植物与杂交知识；以及第二段中“With his knowledge of botany and experience with farming practices, Shull passed the civil service exam, and took up a position as a botanical assistant at the U.S. National Herbarium.( 凭借他在植物学方面的知识以及丰富的农业实践经验，舒尔顺利通过了公务员考试，并成为美国国家植物标本馆的植物助理。)” 说明凭借植物学知识与农业实践经验，舒尔通过了公务员考试并获得相关职位，由此可推知，农场成长经历为他后续的学术与研究工作打下了基础。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The pure lines were less healthy and productive, but when he crossed the pure lines, apparently the hybrid yields were better than any of the parents or those pollinated in the open fields.( 纯种品系长势较差，产量也更低。但当他将这些纯种品系进行杂交后，杂交品种的产量明显优于任一亲本，也优于那些在露天田地中授粉的作物。)”可知，舒尔的玉米育种方法的特别之处是专注于杂交纯系。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，全文以时间为线索，依次介绍了舒尔1874年出生、早年求学、1901年毕业工作、1905年开展玉米研究、1915年入职普林斯顿、1942年退休的完整人生轨迹，是典型的时间顺序叙事。 （26-27高二上·山西晋城·阶段检测）“Tie an Italian’s hands behind his back, and he’ll be speechless.” This old joke conveys a rigid image of Italians: they are talkative and emotional, and all their arm movements supposedly go to prove it. Susan Goldin-Meadow of the University of Chicago has a rather different view. Emotions come out in lots of ways: facial expressions, posture, tone of voice and so on. But people are doing something different when they use gestures (手势) with speech, which she sums up in the title of her new book, Thinking With Your Hands. In fact, everyone gestures, not just Italians. Conference interpreters gesture in their little rooms, though no one is looking. People born blind gesture when they speak, including to each other. All this suggests that cognition is, to some extent, “embodied (具体化)”, and that thinking is not all done in your head. Gestures that accompany speech are a second channel of information. People who say they believe in gender equality but gesture with their hands lower are not indicating women’s shorter height; they can be shown to have prejudices (偏见) of which they may not be aware. Child development is the focus of Goldin-Meadow’s book. Some students working on a difficult mathematics problem may gesture in a way that indicates they have already understood it. They should be taught differently from the ones whose gestures suggest that they are entirely at sea. Goldin-Meadow believes that gesturing could play a larger role in education by addressing the student’s needs better. This is well explained in the book’s last section. Teachers are encouraged both to use gestures themselves and to observe those their students make. Parents are taught to fill in the word a child is most likely to be missing when they gesture rather than adding information. Children with language delays caused by brain injuries at birth, but who gesture as much as their peers, are likely to catch up verbally by the age of about 30 months. Those who gesture less are more likely to need early intervention. 1．Why is the joke mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To set a serious tone for this article. B．To show that Italians are quiet and emotional. C．To correct people’s wrong impression of Italians. D．To illustrate the relationship between gestures and speech. 2．What do hand-lowering gestures by self-described supporters of gender equality suggest? A．They help defend beliefs. B．They change social attitudes. C．They improve public speaking. D．They may reflect unspoken opinions. 3．What do the underlined words “at sea” probably mean in paragraph 4? A．Relaxed. B．Confused. C．Capable. D．Relieved. 4．What is the main idea of the book’s last section? A．A summary of the book’s major research findings. B．Evidence for gestures’ role in children’s storytelling. C．Hands-on suggestions for caregivers concerning gestures. D．Comparisons of different approaches to children’s learning. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍手势与语言相伴出现，手势承载信息，在儿童教育与语言发展方面具备重要作用。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Tie an Italian’s hands behind his back, and he’ll be speechless.” This old joke conveys a rigid image of Italians: they are talkative and emotional, and all their arm movements supposedly go to prove it.(把意大利人的双手绑在背后，他就说不出话了。这个老笑话传递出对意大利人的刻板印象：他们健谈、情绪化，所有手臂动作似乎都能证明这一点。)”可知，作者引用笑话，引出手势和言语之间的关联，为下文介绍手势的作用做铺垫。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“People who say they believe in gender equality but gesture with their hands lower are not indicating women’s shorter height; they can be shown to have prejudices of which they may not be aware.(那些声称自己支持性别平等但手势位置偏低的人，并不是在暗示女性身高更矮；研究表明他们可能存有自己都没有意识到的偏见。)” 可知，这类手势会反映出人们未曾说出口的想法。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Some students working on a difficult mathematics problem may gesture in a way that indicates they have already understood it. They should be taught differently from the ones whose gestures suggest that they are entirely at sea.(一些在钻研一道数学难题的学生，可能会做出手势，表明他们已经理解了题目。应当用不同的方式教导他们，而另一些学生的手势则显示他们完全at sea。)” 可知，前后形成对比，一部分学生已经理解，另一部分学生感到困惑，由此可知，画线短语的意思为“困惑的”，与confused意思相近。 4．主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Teachers are encouraged both to use gestures themselves and to observe those their students make. Parents are taught to fill in the word a child is most likely to be missing when they gesture rather than adding information.(教师被鼓励自身使用手势，同时观察学生做出的手势。家长要学会在孩子打手势时，补全孩子最可能想说却没说出的词，而不是额外增添信息。)”可知，书籍最后一部分给老师和家长这类看护者提供了有关手势运用的实操建议。 （26-27高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段检测）Feeling thirsty? Drawing clean water directly from the air is possible, as even extremely dry regions contain some moisture (水汽). Over the past few years, researchers have created sponge-like (海绵状的) materials that make “atmospheric water harvesting” (AWH) possible by absorbing moisture. However, recovering the trapped water usually involves heat and a long wait. Most current systems rely on sunlight to warm these materials. This slow step can take many hours or even stretch into days. To break this bottleneck, MIT engineers Ikra Shuvo and Svetlana Boriskina identified a much faster method. Instead of heating the water-absorbing materials to release water, they use high-frequency ultrasonic (超声波的) vibrations (震动) to shake the moisture loose. These sound waves are precisely tuned to break the weak bonds holding water molecules (分子) in place. This targeted disturbance creates enough force to release the water, shaking it out in small drops. The new approach elegantly bypasses the materials’ unyielding nature. “Any material that is very good at absorbing water doesn’t want to part with it,” explains Boriskina. “So you normally need to put a lot of energy into pulling water out.” With ultrasound, this process is completely transformed. Lab tests show this method is about 45 times more efficient than traditional heating, freeing the trapped water in mere minutes. This breakthrough overturns the assumption that AWH systems must absorb moisture overnight and depend on passive sunlight during the day. Powered by a small solar cell, which supplies electricity and also acts as a sensor to detect when the material is wet, the system activates automatically whenever enough water has gathered, allowing the setup to cycle day and night. The project’s ultimate purpose goes far beyond laboratory efficiency. Boriskina notes it could provide a reliable source of drinking water for remote communities lacking freshwater. As global water crises worsen, this innovation offers a ray of hope, which might be a life-saving solution in the thinnest of air. 1．What does the underlined phrase “this bottleneck” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The lack of water in dry regions. B．The inefficiency of releasing water. C．The huge cost of current devices. D．The poor performance of the materials. 2．In what way is the new AWH system different from the former one? A．It gets rid of the moisture-absorbing materials. B．It has been widely adopted in water-short areas. C．It produces water independent of solar power. D．It no longer has to absorb moisture overnight. 3．What makes the new device activate automatically? A．A sensor detecting wetness. B．Continuous sunlight exposure. C．A water cycling setup. D．Insufficient water absorption. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The need for further lab research. B．The limits when used in poor areas. C．The practical application potential. D．The improvements over old systems. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】文章介绍麻省理工工程师研发新型空气取水技术，利用超声波快速取水，有望解决偏远地区淡水短缺问题。 1．词句猜测题。根根据上第一段“Over the past few years, researchers have created sponge-like (海绵状的) materials that make “atmospheric water harvesting” (AWH) possible by absorbing moisture. However, recovering the trapped water usually involves heat and a long wait. Most current systems rely on sunlight to warm these materials. This slow step can take many hours or even stretch into days.(在过去几年里，研究人员研发出了海绵状材料。这类材料通过吸收水汽，让“大气集水”（AWH）成为可能。然而，提取这些捕获的水分通常需要加热，并且要等待很长时间。目前大多数系统依靠阳光来加热这些材料。这个缓慢的步骤可能需要数小时，甚至会延长至数日。)”和第二段中“To break this bottleneck, MIT engineers Ikra Shuvo and Svetlana Boriskina identified a much faster method.(为突破this bottleneck，麻省理工学院的工程师伊克拉・舒沃与斯维特拉娜・博里斯金娜找到了一种快得多的方法。)”可知，this bottleneck指“释放水的效率低下”。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“This breakthrough overturns the assumption that AWH systems must absorb moisture overnight and depend on passive sunlight during the day.(这一突破推翻了空气取水系统必须通宵吸收水汽、白天依靠被动太阳能的固有认知。)”可知，新系统不再需要通宵吸收水汽。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Powered by a small solar cell, which supplies electricity and also acts as a sensor to detect when the material is wet, the system activates automatically whenever enough water has gathered, allowing the setup to cycle day and night.(该系统由一个小型太阳能电池供电，该电池不仅提供电力，还充当传感器来检测材料何时变湿，只要收集到足够的水，该系统就会自动激活，使设备日夜循环。)”可知，检测湿度的传感器让设备自动启动。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Boriskina notes it could provide a reliable source of drinking water for remote communities lacking freshwater. As global water crises worsen, this innovation offers a ray of hope, which might be a life-saving solution in the thinnest of air.(博里斯基娜指出，这项技术能够为缺乏淡水的偏远社区提供可靠的饮用水源。随着全球水危机不断加剧，这项创新带来了一丝希望，它或许能从稀薄的空气中获取救命的水源。)”可知，本段主要介绍这项技术的实际应用潜力。 （25-26高二上·湖南长沙·期末）In the beginning, Jane Goodall named the chimpanzees(黑猩猩). This was controversial. It was 1960, back when scientists weren’t supposed to honor the animals they studied with names. But Goodall wasn’t that kind of scientist. Technically, she wasn’t a scientist at all, graduating from secretarial(秘书的) school. In fact, it was partly this inexperience that inspired Goodall’s employer to send her off to study the wild chimpanzees of Tanzania. Fresh eyes, and a novel approach, might finally uncover the mysterious world of humanity’s closest nonhuman relatives. This turned out to be true. Day after day, from dawn to dusk, Goodall walked through the forests, trying to establish rapport with the chimpanzees. She waited, quietly filling notebooks, hoping that the creatures would come to accept this “strange white creature”. For months, they mostly avoided her. Finally, shared curiosity won out. The chimps came closer and closer. She fed them bananas, brushed them and was brushed in return, celebrated their births, cried over their deaths. And as she got to know them, she gave them names: David, Mr. McGregor, Lord Dracula. As the decades passed, and Goodall established herself as the world’s leading chimpanzee expert, the list of names grew. In Goodall’s books, chimpanzee society is as complex as anything in Jane Austen. There is infinite(无限的) drama: jealousy, union, division. Goodall’s chimpanzees play with each other, eat foods and make fun of monkeys by shaking wet branches over their heads. They appear to dance in the rain and show sadness for the dead. She presents them as different, thinking, worthy individuals. One of Goodall’s greatest virtues was that she approached this relationship without thinking she was better. She engaged the chimpanzees, as much as humanly possible, on their own terms. She wrote, “As long as one looks with gentleness, without pride, a chimpanzee will understand, and may even return the look.” 1．Why was Jane sent to Tanzania? A．Because she came from an unusual background. B．Because she was well-trained. C．Because she had relatives there. D．Because she tried to write a novel. 2．What does the underlined word “rapport” in paragraph 2 mean? A．A formal agreement. B．A good relationship. C．A distant connection. D．A shared curiosity. 3．What did Jane think of chimpanzees? A．They were dramatic yet predictable. B．They had a questioning nature. C．They were simple animals without feelings. D．They were unique and intelligent creatures. 4．What was Jane’s approach to studying chimpanzees? A．She exchanged eye contact with them. B．She recorded data without interrupting them. C．She respected and observed them. D．She showed them human authority. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了简·古道尔打破惯例为黑猩猩命名，经长期观察研究，揭示其复杂社会行为，以平等尊重的态度成为顶尖黑猩猩研究专家。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In fact, it was partly this inexperience that inspired Goodall’s employer to send her off to study the wild chimpanzees of Tanzania. Fresh eyes, and a novel approach, might finally uncover the mysterious world of humanity’ s closest nonhuman relatives. (事实上，正是这种经验上的欠缺，促使古道尔的雇主派她去研究坦桑尼亚的野生黑猩猩。全新的视角和新颖的方法可能最终揭开人类最亲近的非人类亲属的神秘世界。)”可知，因为她的非科学家的背景，所以她被派往坦桑尼亚。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Finally, shared curiosity won out. The chimps came closer and closer. She fed them bananas, brushed them and was brushed in return, celebrated their births, cried over their deaths.(最终，共同的好奇心占了上风。黑猩猩渐渐靠近她。她喂它们香蕉，为它们梳理毛发，黑猩猩也反过来为她梳理。她为新生命的诞生而欢庆，为它们的死亡而哭泣。)”由此可知，此处为试图与这些黑猩猩建立友好关系。故可猜测划线单词rapport为“友好关系”的意思，和B选项A good relationship“一种良好的关系”意思相近。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Goodall’s chimpanzees play with each other, eat foods and make fun of monkeys by shaking wet branches over their heads. They appear to dance in the rain and show sadness for the dead. She presents them as different, thinking, worthy individuals.( 古道尔的黑猩猩互相玩耍，吃东西，用在猴子头上摇晃湿树枝来取笑它们。它们似乎会在雨中跳舞，并为死去的同伴表现出悲伤之情。她把这些黑猩猩描绘成不同、有思想、有价值的个体。)”可推知，简·古道尔认为它们是独特且聪明的生物。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“One of Goodall’s greatest virtues was that she approached this relationship without thinking she was better. She engaged the chimpanzees, as much as humanly possible, on their own terms. She wrote, “As long as one looks with gentleness, without pride, a chimpanzee will understand, and may even return the look.”(古道尔最大的优点之一是，在处理这段关系时，她并不认为自己比黑猩猩更高等。她尽可能按照黑猩猩自己的方式与它们交流。她写道：“只要怀着温柔的态度，不带着骄傲，黑猩猩就会理解，并且甚至可能也会回应你的目光。”)”可推知，简·古道尔研究黑猩猩的方法是尊重并观察它们。故选C项。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 期中复习Units 1~5（词汇综合练） （建议用时：60分钟） 一、单句语法填空 二、根据汉语意思写出单词的正确形式 三、完成句子 四、语篇语法填空 五、阅读理解 一、单句语法填空 1．Most scientists are opposed to (give) up such a valuable research project. 2．The girl missed the early bus, (force) her to take a taxi to school. 3．Some teenagers are addicted to (play) online games day and night. 4．I must add that I started reading the books from the start, as opposed to (work) backwards. 5．The Shorter Oxford Dictionary contains around 163,000 words, plus word (combine) and idiomatic phrases. 6．There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not (objective) true, and that giants, two-headed dragons, etc. do not exist. 7．The young researcher committed himself to (explore) unknown scientific fields. 8．I tried to persuade him (change) his original research plan, but failed. 9．We are looking forward to (attend) the lecture on future smart‑home technology. 10．The smart equipment can work automatically, (free) people from heavy housework. 11．It is important that every rule in our school (obey) by each student during the whole school year. 12．Her (prefer) is for comfortable rather than stylish clothes. 13．…, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist (tempt) foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. （所给词的适当形式填空） 14．Income, education and (occupy) all play a part in determining a person’s smoking habit. 15．In the (absent) of fresh air, people may start to feel sick. 16．Animal rights (advocate) argue that zoos are really animal prisons and very often cruel. 17．A realistic collection of short stories, focusing on daily life, will be (suit) for young readers eager to explore real‑world experiences. 18． (spend) too much time online makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. 19．Reading literary works and reflecting on them (broaden) our horizons gradually. 20．The headmaster commanded that a new after-school activity plan (adopt) by all classes. 21． (encourage) students to participate in the learning process is a good way to motivate them. 22． (stretch) over 369 square kilometers in Hunan Province, Wulingyuan Scenic Area has more than 3,000 unique mountains and peaks. 23．It is necessary and helpful (hire) a local guide when traveling abroad. 24． (theme) can be ideas like family, friendship, love and so on. 25．I hope you’ll take the challenge and find (credible) joy in the process. 26．Few people enjoy (quit) a game when they are close to winning. 27．He is looking forward to (exchange) ideas with international professionals. 28．Child as he is, the little boy has already formed a good habit of not (distract) from finishing his daily reading task for 30 minutes. 29．Considering our limited budget, I strongly oppose (conduct) the plan. 30．After (return) from the trip to the mountain, the children were so hungry that they ate up all the food within a short time. 31．Even the president used to have trouble (make) public speeches at an early age. 32．After (graduate) from junior high, we all started a new chapter of our lives. 33．I’m really looking forward to (meet) my new classmates in senior high school. 34．We tried many ways to argue him into (follow) our advice, but in vain. 35．The (deep) of your understanding of the passage determines your performance in reading questions. 36．He devoted most of his spare time to (practise) skateboarding. 37．The work will be completed very (short). 38．The more (alternative) there are, the more difficult the choice will be. 39．Most ordinary people in Iraq are living in (poor) and panic now. In other words, their basic rights aren’t guaranteed. （所给词的适当形式填空） 40．Its roof is equipped with 1,600 square meters of solar panels, (generate) about 320,000 kilowatt-hours annually to power its needs. 二、单词拼写 41．The magazine reported on a ________ (植物的) research project protecting endangered tropical plants. 42．It is necessary for us to have an ________ (客观的) attitude towards life. 43．So long as we can ________ (击败) the other team, we’ll become the champion of course. 44．It is of ________ (至关重要的) importance that we get there by six o’clock. 45．The company obtained a ________ (专利) for the new device after three years of hard work and research. 46．The ________ (图书管理员) is going to enter the new book in the catalogue. 47．They are the building blocks of our future, both for urban and ________ (乡村的) areas. 48．When the rain started, the crowd vanished in an ________ (瞬间；片刻). 49．Do ask questions about professional development and career ________ (前景), for example. 50．________ (化简) professional knowledge step by step is a practical and necessary skill for every active learner. 51．The scientists spent three years exploring the unknown ________ (领土) in the Antarctic. 52．The house is clearly ________ (看得见的) from the distant beach. 53．She had reduced her ________ (消耗量) of fat and sugar to an absolute minimum. 54．After separation from her family for months for the first time, the girl kept ________ (联系) her mum almost every day recently. 55．No two leaves in the world are ________ (完全相同的) to each other, though they look similar. 56．Careful __________ (评估) is made from all students’ work. 57．Scientists are working hard to find an ______ (替代方案) to plastic bags in order to protect the environment. 58．More and more people today prefer to buy ________ (有机的) food because they think it is healthier and safer. 59．It takes time for our bodies to ______ (消化) the food we eat, especially after a large meal. 60．The scientist’s remarkable discovery ________(使确信) the entire academic community that the theory was correct. 三、完成句子 61．直到在剑桥完成博士学业后，她才就任一家顶尖期刊最年轻的主编。 Not until she had completed her PhD at Cambridge did she ________ ________ ________ ________ as the youngest chief editor of a leading journal. 62．2024年上台的新政府一直在夜以继日地工作，努力在气候承诺与经济复苏间寻找平衡。 The new government that ________ ________ ________ in 2024 has been working day and night to balance climate pledges with economic recovery. 63．尽管早期疫苗数据看上去令人鼓舞，审查委员会坚持要求在更严格的条件下重做每一项测试后才批准。 Although early vaccine data looked promising, the review board ________ ________ repeating every test under stricter conditions before granting approval. 64．正如图表所显示的那样，现在有越来越多的学生喜欢读书。 ________  ________  ________ by the chart, nowadays there are more and more students loving reading books. 65．早期，当几乎没人相信电动汽车时，那位工程师已经在设计电池——如今这些电池为全球一半的新能源汽车提供动力。 ________ ________, when few believed in electric cars, that engineer was already designing batteries that now power half the world’s new EVs. 66．中国 2025 年可再生能源的纪录掀起了一场全球绿色浪潮; 从这个意义上说，气候行动与经济增长终于拥有了同一个共同目标。 China’s 2025 renewable energy record has triggered a global green wave; ________ ________ ________, climate action and economic growth finally share one common goal. 67．随着远程办公成为新常态，数百万上班族发现下班后越来越难关掉工作手机。 As remote work becomes the new normal, millions of professionals find it increasingly hard to ________ ________ their work phones after hours. 68．去年冬天，暴雪迫使多座城市转为线上教学，数百万学生的日常作息被打乱。 The ________ ________ of millions of students were severely disrupted last winter when heavy snowstorms forced cities to switch to online classes. 69．滑冰板流行了几个月，但又不流行了。 The skate-board caught on for a few months, but then dropped ____ ____ ____. 70．他学会了安全地上下楼梯。 He learned to walk ________ ________ ________ stairs safely. 71．At the weekends, I play computer games if I’m not ________ ________. 周末如果没忙着学习，我就玩电脑游戏。 72．________ ________ to criticize, I think you could have done better. 我不是想要批评谁，只是认为你本可以做得更好一些。 73．Some people would avoid ________ ________ your eyes. 有些人会避免盯着你的眼睛看。 74．我很生气，在学校里一整天都躲着她，我到现在也不想回复她的任何在线信息 I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day and I still don’t ______ ______ _______ _______ any of her online messages 75．杰克以前在一家好公司上班。不幸的是，公司让他离开 —— 换句话说，他被炒了鱿鱼。 Jack worked with a great company. Unfortunately, they asked him to leave — _________ _________ _________ he was fired. 76．大众公认，努力养成一个良好的学习习惯对你日后的社会生活至关重要。 ________  ________ widely ________ that trying to develop a good study habit is essential for your later social life. 77．我们什么时候去野餐还不知道。 __________________ hasn’t been known yet. 78．尽管遇到各种困难，这位教授仍为中国的科学研究奉献了她的一生。 Although facing all kinds of difficultes, the professor still ______ ______ ______ to scientific research in China. 79．这些研究包含基本动物和（或）人类研究。 These studies may ________ ________ ________ either basic animal or human research or both. 80．无论你选哪一门课程都由你来决定。 ________ ________ you will take is up to you. 四、语法填空 （26-27高二上·福建三明·阶段检测）语法填空 Have you dreamed of living in a smart home? In fact, in the not-too-distant future we will be living in smart homes, 1 will keep us secure, save us energy, and provide a more 2 (comfort) environment to live in. Today, we have to use 3 (switch) for our lights, knobs for our appliances, and remote controls for our TVs and air conditioners. In the future, they will be automatically controlled in our home. You will no longer have to think about 4 (turn) switches on and off yourself. Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. In addition, your smart home will be 5 (careful) monitoring your health for you every day. Your bed, for example, will record how well you sleep every night. It will also be checking your body weight. If you start to have sleep or weight problems, it will send a warning to your phone. Smart homes will be able 6 (prevent) serious damage from accidents. For example, if 7 water pipe starts leaking, your smart home will detect it and provide you 8 the relevant information. This way, you will be able to fix the problem before your home 9 (become) flooded. This smart technology is not a fantasy. Nevertheless, 10 will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology. （26-27高二上·广东云浮·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Rehovot is a small and quiet city in the Middle East, like many others, but it has the 1 (big) outdoor science park on the planet. The Clore Garden of Science, the first outdoor and hands-on (亲身实践的) science museum, regularly 2 (allow) visitors to create their own experiences. The park offers visitors a fun and exciting way 3 (explore) science. “We wanted to rethink the idea of a science museum. What we’ve created is very different 4 common museums around the world. It’s less about teaching facts and more about encouraging 5 (curious),” says Amir Schorr, the project manager. The new park mixes science, art, and nature through more than 100 interactive displays (互动展览). They 6 (divide) into eight main parts, each showing nature in a different way. Although the museum 7 (primary) operates in outdoor spaces, there’s still plenty to discover inside, including an AI media lab and a cooking lab. These labs will benefit visitors 8 want to experience the achievements of modern technology. Schorr often tells his team that they should design not just for kids, but for 9 (they). Therefore, visitors of all ages can have fun with the displays 10 learn something new about science. This amazing park shows that science can be both exciting and educational for everyone. 五、阅读理解 （26-27高二上·陕西咸阳·阶段检测）George Shull was born in 1874 on a farm in Clark County, Ohio, and his knowledge of plants and hybrids came at an early age. Being needed on the farm, Shull received his early formal education off and on. However, it was added by intense home study so that by 1892, he had taught in a public school, and later attended Antioch College. In 1901, he graduated from Antioch and went to the University of Chicago to do graduate work. With his knowledge of botany and experience with farming practices, Shull passed the civil service exam, and took up a position as a botanical assistant at the U.S. National Herbarium. He also worked at the U.S. Bureau of Plant Industry as a botanical expert examining as well as evaluating the plants and animals of the Chesapeake Bay and the Currituck Sound. The data he collected during this time was to comprise his Ph.D．paper. And in 1904 he was appointed to be in charge of plant work at the Station for Experimental Evolution. He began working on corn in 1905. Following Gregor Mendel’s example, Shull obtained pure lines of corn through self-pollination (自花授粉). The pure lines were less healthy and productive, but when he crossed the pure lines, apparently the hybrid yields were better than any of the parents or those pollinated in the open fields. As a consequence, he immediately recognized the potential for using this strategy and device to improve crop yields. In 1915, Shull accepted a professorship at Princeton University. With his encouragement, Princeton University Press began the publication of a new journal, Genetics. Shull was the managing editor for ten years. Genetics is still one of the top international science journals. Shull retired in 1942. He and his wife spent most of their later years with their children and grandchildren. 1．What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．George Shull’s contributions. B．George Shull’s research. C．George Shull’s work experience. D．George Shull’s education. 2．What can we infer about George Shull from the text? A．His farm experience laid a solid foundation for his later research. B．He completed his college education mainly by self-study at home. C．He took the civil service exam to get his position at Antioch College. D．His Ph.D．paper mainly studied plants and animals on his farm. 3．What was so special about Shull’s method of corn breeding? A．It completely relied on self-pollination. B．It was first published in Genetics. C．It was widely accepted in Ohio. D．It focused on crossing pure lines. 4．How does the author mainly develop the text? A．By giving examples. B．By following time order. C．By making comparisons. D．By presenting a scientific study. （26-27高二上·山西晋城·阶段检测）“Tie an Italian’s hands behind his back, and he’ll be speechless.” This old joke conveys a rigid image of Italians: they are talkative and emotional, and all their arm movements supposedly go to prove it. Susan Goldin-Meadow of the University of Chicago has a rather different view. Emotions come out in lots of ways: facial expressions, posture, tone of voice and so on. But people are doing something different when they use gestures (手势) with speech, which she sums up in the title of her new book, Thinking With Your Hands. In fact, everyone gestures, not just Italians. Conference interpreters gesture in their little rooms, though no one is looking. People born blind gesture when they speak, including to each other. All this suggests that cognition is, to some extent, “embodied (具体化)”, and that thinking is not all done in your head. Gestures that accompany speech are a second channel of information. People who say they believe in gender equality but gesture with their hands lower are not indicating women’s shorter height; they can be shown to have prejudices (偏见) of which they may not be aware. Child development is the focus of Goldin-Meadow’s book. Some students working on a difficult mathematics problem may gesture in a way that indicates they have already understood it. They should be taught differently from the ones whose gestures suggest that they are entirely at sea. Goldin-Meadow believes that gesturing could play a larger role in education by addressing the student’s needs better. This is well explained in the book’s last section. Teachers are encouraged both to use gestures themselves and to observe those their students make. Parents are taught to fill in the word a child is most likely to be missing when they gesture rather than adding information. Children with language delays caused by brain injuries at birth, but who gesture as much as their peers, are likely to catch up verbally by the age of about 30 months. Those who gesture less are more likely to need early intervention. 1．Why is the joke mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To set a serious tone for this article. B．To show that Italians are quiet and emotional. C．To correct people’s wrong impression of Italians. D．To illustrate the relationship between gestures and speech. 2．What do hand-lowering gestures by self-described supporters of gender equality suggest? A．They help defend beliefs. B．They change social attitudes. C．They improve public speaking. D．They may reflect unspoken opinions. 3．What do the underlined words “at sea” probably mean in paragraph 4? A．Relaxed. B．Confused. C．Capable. D．Relieved. 4．What is the main idea of the book’s last section? A．A summary of the book’s major research findings. B．Evidence for gestures’ role in children’s storytelling. C．Hands-on suggestions for caregivers concerning gestures. D．Comparisons of different approaches to children’s learning. （26-27高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段检测）Feeling thirsty? Drawing clean water directly from the air is possible, as even extremely dry regions contain some moisture (水汽). Over the past few years, researchers have created sponge-like (海绵状的) materials that make “atmospheric water harvesting” (AWH) possible by absorbing moisture. However, recovering the trapped water usually involves heat and a long wait. Most current systems rely on sunlight to warm these materials. This slow step can take many hours or even stretch into days. To break this bottleneck, MIT engineers Ikra Shuvo and Svetlana Boriskina identified a much faster method. Instead of heating the water-absorbing materials to release water, they use high-frequency ultrasonic (超声波的) vibrations (震动) to shake the moisture loose. These sound waves are precisely tuned to break the weak bonds holding water molecules (分子) in place. This targeted disturbance creates enough force to release the water, shaking it out in small drops. The new approach elegantly bypasses the materials’ unyielding nature. “Any material that is very good at absorbing water doesn’t want to part with it,” explains Boriskina. “So you normally need to put a lot of energy into pulling water out.” With ultrasound, this process is completely transformed. Lab tests show this method is about 45 times more efficient than traditional heating, freeing the trapped water in mere minutes. This breakthrough overturns the assumption that AWH systems must absorb moisture overnight and depend on passive sunlight during the day. Powered by a small solar cell, which supplies electricity and also acts as a sensor to detect when the material is wet, the system activates automatically whenever enough water has gathered, allowing the setup to cycle day and night. The project’s ultimate purpose goes far beyond laboratory efficiency. Boriskina notes it could provide a reliable source of drinking water for remote communities lacking freshwater. As global water crises worsen, this innovation offers a ray of hope, which might be a life-saving solution in the thinnest of air. 1．What does the underlined phrase “this bottleneck” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The lack of water in dry regions. B．The inefficiency of releasing water. C．The huge cost of current devices. D．The poor performance of the materials. 2．In what way is the new AWH system different from the former one? A．It gets rid of the moisture-absorbing materials. B．It has been widely adopted in water-short areas. C．It produces water independent of solar power. D．It no longer has to absorb moisture overnight. 3．What makes the new device activate automatically? A．A sensor detecting wetness. B．Continuous sunlight exposure. C．A water cycling setup. D．Insufficient water absorption. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The need for further lab research. B．The limits when used in poor areas. C．The practical application potential. D．The improvements over old systems. （25-26高二上·湖南长沙·期末）In the beginning, Jane Goodall named the chimpanzees(黑猩猩). This was controversial. It was 1960, back when scientists weren’t supposed to honor the animals they studied with names. But Goodall wasn’t that kind of scientist. Technically, she wasn’t a scientist at all, graduating from secretarial(秘书的) school. In fact, it was partly this inexperience that inspired Goodall’s employer to send her off to study the wild chimpanzees of Tanzania. Fresh eyes, and a novel approach, might finally uncover the mysterious world of humanity’s closest nonhuman relatives. This turned out to be true. Day after day, from dawn to dusk, Goodall walked through the forests, trying to establish rapport with the chimpanzees. She waited, quietly filling notebooks, hoping that the creatures would come to accept this “strange white creature”. For months, they mostly avoided her. Finally, shared curiosity won out. The chimps came closer and closer. She fed them bananas, brushed them and was brushed in return, celebrated their births, cried over their deaths. And as she got to know them, she gave them names: David, Mr. McGregor, Lord Dracula. As the decades passed, and Goodall established herself as the world’s leading chimpanzee expert, the list of names grew. In Goodall’s books, chimpanzee society is as complex as anything in Jane Austen. There is infinite(无限的) drama: jealousy, union, division. Goodall’s chimpanzees play with each other, eat foods and make fun of monkeys by shaking wet branches over their heads. They appear to dance in the rain and show sadness for the dead. She presents them as different, thinking, worthy individuals. One of Goodall’s greatest virtues was that she approached this relationship without thinking she was better. She engaged the chimpanzees, as much as humanly possible, on their own terms. She wrote, “As long as one looks with gentleness, without pride, a chimpanzee will understand, and may even return the look.” 1．Why was Jane sent to Tanzania? A．Because she came from an unusual background. B．Because she was well-trained. C．Because she had relatives there. D．Because she tried to write a novel. 2．What does the underlined word “rapport” in paragraph 2 mean? A．A formal agreement. B．A good relationship. C．A distant connection. D．A shared curiosity. 3．What did Jane think of chimpanzees? A．They were dramatic yet predictable. B．They had a questioning nature. C．They were simple animals without feelings. D．They were unique and intelligent creatures. 4．What was Jane’s approach to studying chimpanzees? A．She exchanged eye contact with them. B．She recorded data without interrupting them. C．She respected and observed them. D．She showed them human authority. 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $