第一部分 专题六 情态动词与虚拟语气-【成功方案】2027年高考英语艺术生文化课总复习课件(PPT)

第一部分　语法知识备考 专题六　情态动词与虚拟语气 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 走进高考 01 目 录 考点梳理 02 考向破译 03 基础演练 04 创新演练 05 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 走进高考 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 考点梳理 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 考向破译 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 基础演练 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 创新演练 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 谢谢观看 第一部分　语法知识备考 0 返回 1．(2025·八省联考卷)Every language is worthy of respect and should ________(treat) equally. be treated　考查动词语态。句意：每一种语言都值得尊重，应该平等对待。主语Every language与动词treat“对待”构成被动关系，用be treated表被动，且位于情态动词should后，be用原形。故填be treated。 2．(2024·全国甲卷)What should ________(do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. be done　考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 3．(2024·浙江1月卷)However，though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages，it would help even more if they could sometimes ________(offer) in smaller packs. be offered　考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 4．(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ________(employ) today to draw attention to important truths. be employed　考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 5．(2019·江苏卷)What a pity！You missed the sight seeing，or we ________(have)a good time together.　 would have had　句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据 missed可知，此处是与过去事实相反的假设。其主句结构为：主语＋should(would，could，might)＋现在完成时＋其他。 考点一　表推测(可能性) 1．可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的(理论的)可能性即并不涉及具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can可用于肯定句中表示客观的(理论的)可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，can一般不用于肯定句。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days. 这样的多雨天气可能会发生事故。(客观的可能性) We may go to the cinema tonight，but we are not sure yet. 今晚我们可能去看电影，但还没确定。(实际可能性，不用can) 2．表示具体事情实际发生的可能性 (1)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的层次比较： 词形 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 must 必定，必然 / / should 按说应该 应该不会 / ought to 按说应该 应该不会 / can / 不可能 有可能吗？ could 微弱的可能 不可能 语气比can弱 may 或许，也许 也未可知，也说不定 可能不 might 比may还弱 比may not还弱 / (2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，may，must常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句(may not表示“可能不”)；can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑问句中。 常见： 肯定句　must＞should＞may＞might 否定句　can not＞should not＞may not＞might not 疑问句　can/could This can't/couldn't be done by him. 这不可能是他干的。(表不相信) This may not be done by him. 这可能不是他干的。(表不确定) Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? 布什先生做一切事情都非常守时。开幕式他怎么可能会迟到呢？(表示疑惑、惊讶) I didn't hear the phone.I must have been asleep. 我没听见电话铃响，我一定是睡着了。(表肯定) —Are you coming to Jeff's party? ——你要来杰弗的聚会吗？ —I'm not sure.I might go to the concert instead.(表不确定) ——我不确定，我可能要去音乐会。 考点二　表示必要性 must常用来表示必要性，意为“必须”。 (1)must＋do sth.(现在或将来)必须做某事 (2)don't have to do sth./don't need to do sth./needn't do sth.(现在或将来)不必做某事 (3)表示过去没必要做某事时，分为以下情况： ①needn't have done sth.本来不必做而做了某事 ②didn't have to do sth./didn't need to do sth./It was not necessary to do sth.(过去) 不必做某事(不强调是否做了) You needn't have worked that late last night.It was harmful to your health. 你昨晚不必工作到那么晚。那对你的身体没好处。 ※1.mustn't have p.p形式不存在 因为： (1)mustn't表禁止，动作未发生。 (2)must表推测，可能性全部否定用can't。 2．must近些年常考其“偏要”“非要”之意。 3．must n．必需之物；必做之事。 ①With the development of society，a computer has become a must. ②Homework seems a must for every student. should也可以表示必要性，意为“(义务上)应该”。should表示必要性时，在语气上比must(必须)弱。“should＋动词原形”，表示现在或将来应该做(的必要性)；“should＋have＋过去分词”，表示过去本该做(的必要性)。 考点三　表示请求、允许、允诺 1．当对方是决策者时，你向对方(you)请示或提出建议时用： ①Shall/May(Might)/Can(Could)I/we...? ②Shall he/she/they...? ③Would/Will you...? Shall the driver wait outside? 司机在外边等着可以吗？ Would you do me a favor? 请帮我一下，好吗？ 2．shall(尤其用于二、三人称时)可表示威胁、命令、允诺、决心(涉及法律规定时常用shall) It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 已宣布，在所有试卷收上来之前，应试者必须待在自己的座位上。(规则或规定) 考点四　情态动词的其他用法要点 1．表能力 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都逃了出去。 2．cannot but＋do sth表示“不得不/只好做某事”。 I cannot but choose to go.我只好去。 3．may well和may as well结构。 (1)“may well＋动词原形”是一种常用结构，意为“完全能，很可能”，相当于“be very likely to＋动词原形”。 He may well be proud of his son. 他大可为他的儿子感到自豪。 (2)“may as well ＋动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”。 We may as well stay where we are. 我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。 4．cannot(或can never等)与enough连用表示“再……也不为过”。 5．may可以用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 6．should表示惊讶 惊讶 常与wonder，surprise，astonish，shock，amaze，strange，curious等表吃惊的词语连用。 ①Tom looked back but who should sit behind? Just his exwife. 汤姆回头看，可谁竟会坐在他后面？他前妻。 ②It's strange that you should have arrived so early. 奇怪了，你来得这么早。 ③—That's unfair! ——那不公平！ —I'm really sorry.You should say such words. ——真遗憾。你居然说出这样的话来。 考点五　情态动词＋have done 情态动词＋have done 用法 例句 must have done 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“一定做了某事” The ground is wet.It must have rained last night. may/might have done 表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经(没有)……”。一般用于肯定句或否定句中。 Sorry I'm late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. can...have done/cannot have done 表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用于否定句和疑问句中。(can换成could时语气委婉) 1.I can't find him anywhere.When can she have gone? 2．The boy can't have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult. could have done 可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经……”之意，此外，还可以表示过去能做而没有做的事，“本来能够做而没有做”。 1.He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed. 2．You could have done better，but you were too careless. might have done 表示本来可能……，但实际上没有发生的事情。另外，还可以表示“本来可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。 1.You should not swim in that sea.You might have been eaten by a shark. 2．He might have given him more help，though he was busy. should/ought to have done 用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事而实际上未做，用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。 1.You shouldn't have done it so carelessly. 2．You ought to have returned the book earlier. 3．You ought not to have refused his offer. needn't have done 表示做了本来不必去做的事，“没必要做而做了”。注意：didn't need to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”。 1.You needn't have watered the plants，for it is going to rain. 2．I didn't need to buy the dictionary.I had a copy at home. 考点六　虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用 意义 虚拟条件句 主句 与现在事实 相反的假设 If＋主语＋动词过去式 (be动词用were) 主语＋should/would/ could/might＋动词原形 与过去事实 相反的假设 If＋主语＋had＋过去分词 主语＋should/would/ could/might＋have＋ 过去分词 与将来事实 相反的假设 ① If＋主语＋动词过去式 主语＋should/would/ could/might＋动词原形 ② If＋主语＋were to＋动词原形 ③ If＋主语＋should＋动词原形 If we had time now，we would read it again. 要是现在有空，我们就把它再看一遍。(事实上我们现在没有空) If I had taken his advice，I would not have made such a mistake. 如果我听了他的忠告，就不会犯这样的错误了。(与过去事实相反) If she should come，I would ask her for help. 万一她来的话，我就请她帮忙。(事实上她来的可能性很小) 使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点： 1．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now. 如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。 2．if省略句 在条件句中如果含有were，had，should，可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。 If I were at school again，I would study harder.＝Were I at school again，I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力地学习。 If you had come earlier，you would catch the bus.＝Had you come earlier，you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早些，你就能赶上公共汽车。 注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。 我们可以说：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now. 但不能说：Weren't it for the expense，I would go abroad now. 3．用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with，without，but for。 Without your help，we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.＝But for your help，...＝If it had not been for your help，...＝Had it not been for your help，... 没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。 4．含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。 I was ill that day.Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词) 我那天病了。否则，我就参加运动会了。 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or I would have known nothing about it. 他打电话通知了我你的生日，否则，我对此一无所知。(连词) I should have given you more help，but I was too busy. 我本应该帮帮你，但我(那时)太忙了。(连词) 考点七　虚拟语气在其他场合的应用 1．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 (1)wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为： I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 我希望我是只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。 —How much of the foreign expert's speech have you understood? ——外国专家的演讲你懂多少？ —Next to nothing.I wish I had worked harder at English. ——几乎什么也不懂，要是我过去更刻苦学习英语就好了。 (2)表示决定、主张、要求、建议、命令等的动词，如suggest，recommend，insist，demand，order，require等构成的宾语从句中常用“(should＋)do” 结构。 Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. 老师们建议父母，为了安全不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。 (3)would rather后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿，但愿”。其谓语动词构成形式为： George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he focused more on its culture. 乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况，但是我宁愿他更多地谈它的文化(方面的情况)。 2．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 在It's important/strange/natural/necessary...that...句型中，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 It is strange that he(should)react in this way. 很奇怪，他竟然作出这样的反应。 3．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法 It is(high/about)time(that)...句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或用should＋动词原形(其中should通常不省略)。此句型意为“(现在)该……”，用来表示提议。 It is(high)time that you went to school. 你该去上学了。 4．as if/as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气。 He stood up and offered her his seat，as if he had read her mind. 他站起来给她让座，他好像读懂了她的心思。 【温馨提示】　如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。 It looks as if it's going to rain. 天看上去似乎要下雨。 5．if only引导的感叹句中，常用虚拟语气，表示愿望。意为“要是……就好了”。 Look at the trouble we're in.If only we had taken our teacher's advice! 看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了。 1．(2026·日照一模)Handshaking ________ have started as an ancient custom to demonstrate to a stranger that you had no weapon in your hand. may/might　考查情态动词。句意：握手最初可能是一种古老的习俗，用来向陌生人展示你手中没有武器。分析句子结构可知，本句中主语为动名词Handshaking，为单数，而谓语动词是have started，且have是用的原形；结合句意，此处表达一种猜测，所以应该用情态动词may/might have done表示“有可能”。 2．(2026·济宁一模)They ________ have missed the plane，or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.(用适当的词填空) may　考查情态动词。句意：他们可能错过了飞机，或者由于某种原因被阻止来。由“or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason”可知，句子表示“他们可能错过了飞机，或者由于某种原因被阻止来”，空格处是对过去的推测，表示“可能做过某事”，是may have done，因此空格处是may。 3．(2026·福州二模)If I ________(have) time tomorrow，I will participate in the volunteer activity. had/should have/were to have　句意为 “如果我明天有空，我就参加志愿活动”。对将来虚拟，从句可用过去式、should do、were to do三种形式。 4．(2026·威海二模)If you ________(prepare) well for the interview before，you would not be nervous now. had prepared　句意为 “如果你当初好好准备面试，现在就不会紧张了”。before指代过去，从句用had done；now说明主句对现在虚拟。 5．(2026·湘潭一模)________ she to start tomorrow，she would arrive at the destination on time. Were　句意为 “如果她明日动身，就能准时抵达目的地”。将来虚拟were to do结构，省略if，were提前倒装。 6．(2026·常德一模)But for your encouragement，I would not ________(gain) such great progress in study. have gained　句意为 “要不是你的鼓励，我的学习不会取得这么大进步”。but for 表 “要不是”，暗含过去虚拟，主句用 would have done。 7．(2026·济宁一模)It seemed as if all the beautiful memories of childhood ________(occur) just yesterday. had occurred　根据句意：“好像所有的美好的童年回忆都是昨天出现的。”由seemed可知是对过去事实的虚拟，从句用过去完成时。 8．(2026·福州二模)I'd rather my parents ________(pay) less attention to my grades and more to my mental state. paid　根据句意：“我宁愿我的妈妈对我的学习成绩不那么关注，而是关注我的精神状态。”在这句话中，would rather从句对现在情况虚拟，用一般过去式。 9．(原创题)(虚拟条件)If it ________(rain) tomorrow，we would put off the picnic. rained/should rain/were to rain　根据句意：“如果明天下雨，我们就取消野餐”，在这个主句中would put off为虚拟时态，可以判断这个地方从句用将来虚拟结构。 10．(原创题)I would have bought the gift for you，but I ________ (forget) your birthday. forgot　前半句为虚拟假设，but后是真实发生的过去动作，用陈述语气。 一　情态动词 1．The medicine ________ be on the way to be tested，but I'm not sure. may/might　句意：这种药可能正在被送去测试，但我不确定。根据句意可知，此处表示“推测”，且根据后文“I'm not sure”，此处表示不太确定的推测，故应用情态动词may/might“可能”。 2．Mr.Smith is on time for everything.How ________ it be that he was late for the important meeting? can/could　句意：史密斯先生做什么事都准时。他怎么可能在重要会议上迟到了呢？“How can/could it be that...” 是常用句型，表示“怎么可能……”，用于表达对已发生事情的惊讶或难以置信。其中“can”和“could”均可表示可能性，“could”语气稍显委婉或更强调惊讶程度。 3．The road is slippery after the rain.I ________ be a little late for the appointment，so please wait for me. might/may　句意：雨后路面很滑。我可能会因为这个原因而晚点到达约会地点，所以请等我一下。此处表示推测、可能性可用might或may。 4．The principles we are finding in the fruit fly(果蝇) brain—the logic and organization—________ be the same as those in human brains. could　考查情态动词。句意：我们在果蝇大脑中发现的原理——逻辑和组织——可能与人类大脑中的原理相同。根据空后动词原形be可知，空格处应填入情态动词。根据句意，此处表示推测，意为“可能”。故填could。 5．But grocery store bread ________ stay fresh during long shipping and storage times.So companies often put a chemical preservative in it. must　考查情态动词。句意：但是食品杂货店的面包必须在漫长的运输和贮存期间保持新鲜度。分析句子结构可知，bread是句子的主语且是单数形式，而空格后动词stay用了动词原形。换言之，空格要填上一个词使得stay保持形式不变，考虑情态动词。再分析句意，长时间的运输和贮存肯定会使面包失去新鲜度，因此就得想办法让它保持新鲜。must语气最强烈。故填must。 6．It has been accepted that all the students ________ put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus. shall　考查情态动词。句意：为防止学生感染流感病毒，学生们在进校前要戴上口罩，这一点大家都已接受。在第三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示规定、规则，用shall。故填shall。 7．Why ________ you always interrupt me when I am doing my homework? must　句意：为什么我做作业的时候你总是要打断我？句子强调对方在自己做作业这个特定时间总是打断自己这一行为，带有一种抱怨的语气，应用情态动词must表示“偏偏、非得”，用来表达说话人对对方反复做某事的厌烦情绪。 8．According to the club's regulations，every member ________ abide by the rules and respect other members. shall　句意：依据社团规章，每位成员必须遵守条例、尊重其他成员。用于规章制度、条约中，表示强制规定，意为“应当、必须”，用shall。 9．She ________ have earned a lot of money，for she bought a second new car yesterday. must　考查情态动词表推测。句意：她一定挣了很多钱，因为她昨天又买了一辆新车。解析：根据“for she bought a second new car yesterday”(因为她昨天又买了一辆新车)可知，这是基于她买车这一事实对她挣钱情况的肯定推测。must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，意为“一定做过某事” ，must在句中表达这种强烈的肯定推测语气。故填must。 10．You ________ (come) all the way to my office; I could have sent you the documents by email. needn't have come　考查情态动词的完成式用法。句意：你本不必专程来我办公室的；我本可以通过邮件把文件发给你。根据后句“我本可邮件发送文件”可知，前句强调“专程跑来”的行为没有必要，需用“needn't have＋过去分词”结构表示“本不必做却做了某事”。故填needn't have come。 二　虚拟语气 1．If I ________ (be) you，I ________ (take) this chance. were；would take　对现在虚拟，if从句be动词一律用were；主句用would＋动词原形。句意：如果我是你，我会抓住这次机会。 2．If he ________(study) harder now，he ________(pass) the exam easily. studied；could pass　now提示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用过去式，主句could＋动词原形。 3．If you ________(come) yesterday，you ________(meet) my old friend. had come；would have met　yesterday表过去，从句用had done，主句would have done。实际昨天没来，没见到朋友。 4．She ________(not miss) the train if she ________(get) up earlier this morning. wouldn't have missed；had got　this morning为过去时间，对过去虚拟，从句had done，主句would have done。 5．If it ________(rain) tomorrow，we ________(put) off the sports meeting. should rain; would put　tomorrow对将来虚拟，从句可用should do，主句would＋动词原形。 6．If I ________(fly) to Mars some day，I ________(take) many photos. were to fly；might take　对将来不可能发生的事虚拟，从句用were to do，主句might＋动词原形。 9．Without your help，I ________(fail) last term. would have failed　last term为过去时间，without表“要是没有”，含蓄对过去虚拟，用would have done。 7．________(be) I free，I would go shopping with you. Were　原句If I were free，省略if，把were提前构成倒装。 8．________(have) he known the truth，he wouldn't have argued with her. Had　原句If he had known the truth，省略if，had提前倒装。 12．Hurry up！Or we ________(be) late for class. would be　对将来情况虚拟，or相当于if we don't hurry up，主句would do。 10．But for the heavy rain，we ________(arrive) on time now. would arrive　now表现在，but for含蓄虚拟现在，主句would do。 11．I was busy then，otherwise I ________(help) you. would have helped　前面过去时，otherwise暗示过去本可以帮忙却没帮，对过去虚拟。 15．It is necessary that he ________(attend) the meeting. (should) attend　固定句型It is necessary that...，从句用(should) do。 13．The teacher suggested that we ________(finish) homework before dinner. (should) finish　suggest表“建议”，宾语从句用(should) do虚拟。 14．He insisted that he ________(be) right. (should) be　insist表“坚决要求”，从句使用(should)＋动词原形。 18．He wishes he ________(not make) that stupid mistake yesterday. hadn't made　yesterday与过去事实相反，wish从句用had done。 16．It's a pity that she ________(miss) the wonderful show. (should) miss　It is a pity that从句，虚拟结构(should)＋动词原形。 17．I wish I ________(can) swim like a fish now. could　now与现在相反，wish从句用一般过去时；can对应过去式could。 hadn't told　yesterday对过去虚拟，从句用had done。 19．He talks as if he ________(know) everything. 20．She cried as if she ________(hear) some bad news just now. 21．I'd rather you ________(stay) at home tonight.　 22．I'd rather you ________(not tell) him the secret yesterday. knew　主句一般现在时，与现在事实相反，从句用过去式。 had heard　just now过去时间，与过去事实相反，从句用had done。 stayed　would rather＋主语，对现在/将来虚拟，从句用动词过去式。 23．It's high time that we ________(go) to bed. went/should go　固定句型，从句谓语用动词过去式或should＋动词原形(should不可省)。 24．It's high time that you ________(make) a decision. made/should make　同上，表“早该做决定了”，使用虚拟语气。 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．(2026·山东济南·一模)If the researchers __________(carry) out the experiment one month earlier，they would have found the new herbal formula. had carried　句意：如果研究人员早一个月开展实验，他们本可以发现这款全新草药配方。主句would have done提示对过去虚拟，从句用had done结构。 2．(2026·浙江杭州·二模)The damaged ancient painting looks as if it ________(break) into pieces years ago. had broken　句意：这幅破损古画看上去仿佛多年前就碎成了碎片。as if引导虚拟语气，“碎掉”发生在主句谓语之前，对过去虚拟用had done。 3．(2026·四川成都·一模)Without the powerful carrier rocket，we ________(achieve) the lunar landing task successfully last year. couldn't have achieved　句意：倘若没有大推力运载火箭，我们去年不可能顺利完成登月任务。without引导含蓄虚拟，时间状语last year表对过去虚拟，用couldn't have done。 4．(2026·福建宁德·二模)It is suggested that the old craft ________ (record) in digital videos for future generations. (should) be recorded　句意：有人建议将这项古老技艺录制为数字影像留给后人。suggest表“建议”，宾语从句用(should) do；技艺是被记录，被动语态(should) be recorded。 5．(2026·江苏苏州·一模)If we ________(protect) the wetland well earlier，rare water birds would not be disappearing now. had protected　句意：如果我们早些好好保护湿地，珍稀水鸟如今就不会逐渐消失。错综虚拟：从句对过去虚拟(had done)，主句对现在虚拟(would do)。 6．(2026·河南郑州·三模)I would rather the government ________ (invest) more money in ancient book protection last year. had invested　句意：我真希望政府去年能投入更多资金保护古籍。would rather后从句，谈及过去的愿望，虚拟语气用had done。 7．(2026·广东广州·二模)If solar energy ________(apply) widely ten years ago，carbon emissions would be much lower at present. had been applied　句意：倘若十年前太阳能就得到广泛应用，如今碳排放会低很多。错综虚拟，从句对过去虚拟，能源与应用为被动，填had been applied。 8．(2026·湖南长沙·一模)The young creator talks about Chinese paper—cutting as though he ________(grow) up in a traditional folk art village. had grown　句意：这位青年创作者谈起剪纸，仿佛自幼成长在民间艺术古村。实际并非如此，as though对过去事实虚拟，用had grown。 9．(2026·河北石家庄·二模)It's high time that we ________(pay) more attention to children's education in mountain villages. paid / should pay　句意：我们早该重视山区孩童的教育问题了。It's high time that从句固定虚拟，谓语用过去式或should do(should不可省略)。 10．(2026·安徽合肥·一模)But for the intelligent farm sensors，farmers ________(suffer) huge losses in the drought last summer. would have suffered　句意：要不是智能农田传感器，去年夏天旱灾会让农户蒙受巨大损失。but for含蓄虚拟，对过去事实虚拟，用would have done。 二、语法填空 (2026·山东济南·三模)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 More people start to live a low-carbon life to protect the earth.Instead of driving private cars，plenty of citizens prefer cycling or walking for short trips.If you want to cut down carbon waste，you 1.________ avoid wasting electricity at home.Turning off unused lights is a small but useful habit.By changing daily lifestyles，we 2.________ (reduce) pollution step by step.Many families also choose reusable bags instead of plastic ones，3.________(keep) plastic pollution under control. 1．should　情态动词：句意 “如果你想要减少碳排放，在家就应该避免浪费电”，情态动词should表示 “应该”，提建议。 2．will reduce　时态：by changing daily lifestyles表通过改变生活方式将会产生的结果，将来含义，填will reduce。 3．keeping　非谓语：现在分词作伴随状语，主语many families和keep为主动关系，填keeping。 三、完形填空 (2026·安徽·三模)Failure is an unavoidable part of growth.Many teenagers fear failure and try every means to 1 risks and challenges.They regard failure as a sign of 2 and feel frustrated and discouraged after failing.However，failure is actually the best 3 for teenagers. Success always hides behind repeated failures.Every failure provides us with valuable 4 ，helping us find out our shortcomings and 5 our methods.Those who dare to fail are more 6 to embrace success.If we always 7 difficulties，we will never make progress or gain real growth. Facing failure 8 is an essential ability for modern students.Instead of feeling upset，we should 9 failure calmly，analyze reasons and draw lessons.We should not let failure 10 us，but use it to 11 ourselves and become stronger. Growth is not a process of never 12 ，but a process of constantly correcting mistakes and 13 ourselves.Failure does not mean you are incompetent；it only means you need more 14 and patience.Embrace failure bravely，and you will finally 15 brilliant success. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇励志哲理记叙文。文章围绕挫折与成长展开，打破学生惧怕失败的心态，阐述失败的教育意义与成长价值，传递积极的成长观。 1．A.avoid B．take C．face D．create A　动词辨析。很多青少年惧怕失败，想方设法规避风险与挑战。avoid规避；take承担；face面对；create创造。故选A。 2．A.strength B．weakness C．luck D．honor B　名词辨析。人们将失败视为软弱、无能的象征。weakness弱点；strength优势；luck运气；honor荣誉。故选B。 3．A.burden B．reward C．teacher D．barrier C　名词辨析。失败是青少年最好的老师，让人成长。teacher老师；burden负担；reward奖励；barrier障碍。故选C。 4．A.experience B．pressure C．praise D．trouble A　名词辨析。每一次失败都能带来宝贵的经验。experience经验；pressure压力；praise赞扬；trouble麻烦。故选A。 5．A.repeat B．adjust C．abandon D．remember B　动词辨析。复盘不足、调整方法。adjust调整；repeat重复；abandon抛弃；remember记住。故选B。 6．A.likely B．unwilling C．unable D．uncertain A　形容词辨析。敢于直面失败的人更有可能收获成功。likely可能的；unwilling不情愿的；unable不能的；uncertain不确定的。故选A。 7．A.insist on B．stick to C．shrink from D．turn to C　短语辨析。畏惧退缩、逃避困难就无法成长进步。shrink from退缩；insist on坚持；stick to坚守；turn to求助。故选C。 8．A.casually B．negatively C．bravely D．secretly C　副词辨析。勇敢面对挫折是学生必备能力。bravely勇敢地；casually随意地；negatively消极地；secretly秘密地。故选C。 9．A.refuse B．accept C．ignore D．fear B　动词辨析。冷静接纳失败、分析原因、吸取教训。accept接纳；refuse拒绝；ignore忽视；fear畏惧。故选B。 10．A.defeat B．inspire C．encourage D．motivate A　动词辨析。不要让失败击垮自己。defeat击败；inspire激励；encourage鼓励；motivate驱动。故选A。 11．A.relax B．improve C．treat D．forgive B　动词辨析。借由失败完善自我、变得更强。improve提升；relax放松；treat对待；forgive原谅。故选B。 12．A.studying B．progressing C．failing D．trying C　动词辨析。成长从不意味着永不失败。fail失败；study学习；progress进步；try尝试。故选C。 13．A.transforming B．doubting C．hiding D．forgiving A　动词辨析。成长是不断纠错、自我蜕变的过程。transform蜕变；doubt怀疑；hide隐藏；forgive原谅。故选A。 14．A.money B．time C．freedom D．award B　名词辨析。失败意味着需要更多时间与耐心打磨自己。time时间；money金钱；freedom自由；award奖项。故选B。 15．A.achieve B．abandon C．witness D．witness A　动词辨析。勇敢拥抱失败，终会收获成功。achieve获得；abandon放弃；witness见证。故选A。 $