Unit 7 知识梳理 2026-2027学年九年级英语上册单元高效复习必备（新教材沪教版）

Unit 7 Reading Mark Twain 单元小结 知识目录 学习目标：了解马克・吐温的基本信息，熟悉《汤姆・索亚历险记》的故事背景。 学会阅读同等难度的一些名著，学会分析人物形象，欣赏其写作风格。 语法目标：定语从句。识别关系从句，理解其功能是对人或事物进行补充说明。 听说目标：能听懂故事内容，准确梳理图片顺序，把握故事的起因、经过和结果； 理解描述故事人物的方法。 写作目标：了解故事评论的基本结构与内容要点。借助思维导图完成故事评论的构思。 写出包含故事介绍、情节、人物与评价的完整评论。 目录 知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式 要点1 重点单词 背诵 要点2 重点短语 背诵 要点3 重点句式 背诵 【精讲精练】 要点1 as if的用法 练习 要点2 survey的用法 练习 要点3 imagine的用法 练习 要点4 pick up的用法 练习 要点5 pay attention的用法 练习 要点6 carry on with的用法 练习 要点7absorbed的用法 练习 要点8 be particular about sth的用法 练习 要点9 concern的用法 练习 要点10 all sorts of的用法 练习 要点11 spring的用法 练习 要点12 be known as的用法 练习 要点13 fortune的用法 练习 要点14 pay的用法 练习 要点15. more than的用法 练习 要点16.regard的用法 练习 知识要点二、语法 要点1 定语从句 12 知识要点三、书面表达 要点1 话题分析 13 要点2 单元写作通用表达 14 要点3经典范文 15 要点4实战演练 16 知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。 【重点单词】默写版 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 nouns 1.___________________幽默；幽默感 【变形】___________________adj.有幽默感的 2.* ___________________ 栅栏；篱笆 3. ___________________ 码 4. ___________________遗憾；可惜 5. ___________________有教养的人 6. ___________________担心；忧虑 【变形】___________________ 担心的，有关的 1. ___________________在我看来；就我而言 2. ___________________担心…… 7. ___________________种类；类别 【固配】___________________各种各样的 8. ___________________活力；朝气 【固配】___________________ 步履轻快 9.* ___________________ 打赌 10. ___________________新闻记者 11. ___________________领航员；引水员 12. ___________________失败 【变形___________________】fail v. 失败 verbs 13.* ___________________联系 14.* ___________________下沉；下陷 15. ___________________查看；审视 16. ___________________把……视为；看待 【固配】__________________被看作,被认为是 adjective 17. ___________________ 简洁的；简单的 adverbs 18. ___________________大声地 19. ___________________后来 【重点短语】默写版 1. _________________________第一人称视角 2. _________________________捡起；重新开始干某事 3. _________________________继续做某事；坚持 4. _________________________继续下去；持续 5. _________________________讲究；挑剔 6. _________________________全神贯注于 7. _________________________变得疲倦 8. _________________________各种各样的 9._________________________迈着轻快的步伐 10. _________________________向……汇报 11. _________________________发言人；演讲者 12_________________________发财；赚大钱 13. _________________________ (向某人)还钱 14. _________________________注意 15. _________________________出现 16. _________________________有史以来 17. _________________________被认为是 18._________________________超过；不仅仅 【重点句式】默写版 1. Such beauty was enough to _______any heart _______ joy. 这样的美景足以让人心生喜悦。 2. But Tom Sawyer felt_______ _______the weight of the world was on his shoulders. 但汤姆 · 索 亚却觉得仿佛全世界的重量都压在了他肩上。 3. He imagined his friends ________ ________ and the thought of this burnt him like fire. 他想象着朋友们尽情玩耍的样子，这个念头像烈火一样灼烧着他。 4. Tom ______ ______ ______ ________and carried on with the task at hand. 汤姆没有理会他，继续着手头的任务。 5.He pretended that painting the fence was_______hard work,_______fun. 他假装刷篱笆 不是辛苦的工作，而是有趣的事。 6. He went on painting, fully ________ _________his work. 他继续刷漆，完全沉浸在自己的活儿里。 7. Tom passed Ben the brush ______ ______ _____ ______ _____ ______on his face. 汤姆脸上装出一副关切的神情，把刷子递给本。 8. By the afternoon Tom had gained ______ _______ _________toys, and the fence had gained three coats of paint. 到下午的时候，汤姆收获了各种各样的玩具，栅栏也刷上了三层油漆。 9. Tom ______ _______ with a spring in his step to______ ______ _____his aunt about his excellent painting skills. 汤姆脚步轻快地出发，去向姨妈汇报他出色的刷漆本领。 10. To _______it _______, he decided to tour the world and _______ ________. 为了偿还债务，他决定环游世界进行巡回演讲。 【精讲精练】 要点1 as if 【原句呈现】 Such beauty was enough to fill any heart with joy. But Tom Sawyer felt as if the weight of the world was on his shoulders. 这般美景足以让任何人满心欢喜。可汤姆・索亚却感觉仿佛整个世界的重担都压在了他的肩上。 这as if = as though，引导方式状语从句 从句常使用虚拟语气（表示与事实不符，只是想象）；也可用陈述语气（描述看起来真实的情况） 1.She looks as if she is ill. 她看起来好像生病了。 （陈述语气，看上去很可能是真的） 2.He acts as if he were the boss. 他表现得好像他就是老板。 （虚拟，他并不是老板） 3.The girl talks as if she knew the secret. 女孩说话的样子仿佛她知道这个秘密。 【典例分析】 1. The girl talks ______ she knew everything in the world. A. as if                 B. even if                C. so that              D. now that 2. He acts ______ nothing had happened to him. A. as soon as              B. as if                 C. as long as            D. as far as 要点2 survey 【原句呈现】 Tom painted one board and surveyed his progress. 汤姆刷完一块木板，审视着自己的进度。 动词 v. /səˈveɪ/ 审视；查看；调查 survey sth 审视 / 查看某物 survey one’s progress 审视某人的进展 survey sb about sth 就某事调查某人 名词 n. /ˈsɜːveɪ/ 调查；民意调 1.do/make a survey 做一项调查 Our class will do a survey on reading habits. 我们班将做一个关于阅读习惯的调查。 2.a survey about/of … 一项关于……的调查 3.according to the survey 根据调查 区别: examine 仔细查看；research 调查研究 【典例分析】 1. Our teacher will make a ______ about students’ reading habits next week. A. survey                       B. secret                 C. speech                 D. spirit 2. They plan to ______ local people to find out their opinions on the new park. A. survey                  B. solve                  C. support                    D. suppose 要点3 imagine 【原句呈现】He imagined his friends having fun and the thought of this burnt him like fire. 他想象着朋友们尽情玩耍的样子，这个念头像烈火一样灼烧着他。 imagine动词 v. 想象；设想 imagine + 名词 / 代词 想象某物 imagine doing sth 想象做某事 imagine + (that) 宾语从句 Imagine (that) you are on the beach. 设想你正在海滩上。 imagine sb doing sth 想象某人正在做某事 I can imagine him playing basketball happily. 我可以想象他开心地打篮球。 拓展名词 imagination n. 想象力 【典例分析】 1.Can you imagine ______ on the moon one day? A. live                     B. to live             C. living                 D. lived 2.你能想象他独自完成这项任务吗？ Can you ______ ______ __________the task alone? 要点4 pick up 【原句呈现】He picked up his brush and went back to work. 他拿起刷子，继续干活。 pick up这个短语有多种用法，以下是其中一些主要的用法： 1.捡起：最常见的用法之一，表示将某物从地上或其他地方拿起。例如， He picked up his book from the floor. 他从地板上捡起了他的书。 2.获得,拿到：表示通过某种方式获得某物或某种状态。例如， He picked up some useful ideas for his project. 他为他的项目获得了一些有用的想法 3.接电话：表示接听电话。例如， I‘ll pick up the phone when it rings.电话响时我会接听。 4.搭便车：表示搭乘别人的车。例如， Can you pick me up on your way home? 你回家的时候能载我一程吗？ 【典例分析】 1. I called Jane yesterday, but she didn’t ________ the phone. A. pick out B. pick up C. put off D. put up 2. —You’d better not drop litter everywhere! —I’m so sorry. I will _________. A. pick it up B. get it off C. wake it up D. put it out 要点5 pay attention 【原句呈现】 Tom paid him no attention and carried on with the task at hand. 汤姆没有理会他，继续着手头的任务。 pay attention注意；留心 pay attention to sth / doing sth pay no attention to sb/sth 不理会；不注意（课文短语） 课文：pay him no attention = pay no attention to him pay little/much attention to 很少 / 十分注意 You should pay attention to your spelling. 你应该注意你的拼写。 Pay attention to crossing the road. 过马路要当心。 He paid no attention to my words. 他不理会我说的话。 to 是介词！后面接名词或者 doing，不能接动词原形 【典例分析】 1. 在课堂上，你应该注意听老师讲课。 You should ______ ______ ______ ______ to the teacher in class. 要点6 carry on with 【原句呈现】 Tom paid him no attention and carried on with the task at hand. 汤姆没有理会他，继续着手头的任务。 carry on 继续进行；坚持下去 Though he was tired, he carried on. 虽然很累，但他继续坚持。 carry on with sth（及物，with + 名词 / 代词）继续某事（课文短语） Let’s carry on with our discussion. 让我们继续我们的讨论。 carry on doing sth 继续做某事（中考也常考） = carry on with sth 例句：He carried on reading. 他继续看书。 carry out 执行；实施；完成（计划、命令） We will carry out the plan. 我们将执行这个计划。 【典例分析】 1. We will ______ our plan to plant more trees in the park next month. A. carry on               B. carry out             C. carry away           D. carry off 2. Although we met many difficulties, we decided to ______ with our research. A. carry out             B. carry on               C. carry up               D. carry over 要点7 absorbed 【原句呈现】 He went on painting, fully absorbed in his work. 他继续刷漆，完全沉浸在自己的活儿里。 absorb 吸收 Wet soil can absorb much rainwater. 湿润的土壤可以吸收大量雨水。 absorbed（人）感到专注的（修饰人 absorbing（事物）引人入胜的（修饰物）专心于；全神贯注于 be absorbed in = be lost in /concentrate on） She was absorbed in her homework when I came in. 我进来的时候，她正专心写作业。 This is an absorbing story about a young swimmer. 这是一个关于年轻游泳选手的引人入胜的故事。 同义替换：be absorbed in = concentrate on = put one’s heart into 【典例分析】 1.When she was reading, she was ______ in the story and didn’t hear my call. A. absorbed              B. accepted               C. amazed                   D. admired 2.这个男孩全神贯注地玩游戏，没有注意到妈妈进来。 The boy ______ ______ ______ playing games and didn’t notice his mother come in. 3. he boy was absorbed in playing games and didn’t notice his mother come in.（改为同义句） The boy ______ ______ ______ playing games and didn’t notice his mother come in. 要点8 be particular about sth 【原句呈现】 Aunt Polly is very particular about her fence. 波莉姨妈对她的栅栏十分挑剔。 particular adj. 特定的；某一个的,特别的；特殊的 I don’t like this particular swimming suit. 我不喜欢这一件泳衣。 There is no particular reason for her success. 她的成功并没有什么特别的原因。 be particular about sth 对…… 挑剔； 主语一般是人。不能接 doing My little sister is particular about food. 我的妹妹对食物很挑剔。 副词：particularly 尤其；特别（高频考点） = especially 尤其，特别 He is particularly good at freestyle. 他特别擅长自由泳。 【典例分析】 1.My grandma has a ______ chair in the living room—she only sits there to read newspapers every afternoon. A. common B. particular C. strange D. new 2.My little sister is quite p______ about her food—she never eats vegetables with green leaves. 3.汤姆对穿的衣服很挑剔，只喜欢穿纯棉材质的。（完成句子） Tom ______ ______ ______ the clothes he wears—he only likes to wear cotton ones. 4.This museum has a ______ section for ancient coins, where you can see rare collections from different dynasties. A. special B. common C. particular D. specific 要点9 concern 【原句呈现】Tom passed Ben the brush with a pretend look of concern on his face. 汤姆脸上装出一副关切的神情，把刷子递给本。 concern 动词 1.v. 使担忧 What concerns me is his study. 让我担心的是他的学习。 2. 涉及；与… 有关 This story concerns a little boy. 这个故事讲的是一个小男孩。 名词 n. 1.担心；忧虑 There is concern about his safety. 大家担心他的安全。 2.关心的事 It’s no concern of mine. 这事与我无关。 concerned 形容词 adj. 1.担心的 be concerned about /for… 担心…… I’m concerned about my exam. 我担心我的考试。 2.有关的 the people concerned 相关人员 必背短语 1.as far as I’m concerned 在我看来；就我而言 2.be concerned with 与…… 有关；关于 3. be concerned about /for… 担心…… 典例分析】 1．Parents ________ their children’s safety. All of the followings have the same meaning EXCEPT ________. A．fear for B．are concerned with C．are concerned about D．worry about 2．Many big events happened this year. The missing of flight made us especially __________. A．concerned B．special C．proper D．excited 要点10 【原句呈现】By the afternoon Tom had gained all sorts of toys, and the fence had gained three coats of paint. 到下午的时候，汤姆收获了各种各样的玩具，栅栏也刷上了三层油漆。 all sorts of=all kinds of=various=a variety of 各种各样的；形形色色的 She meets all sorts of difficulties during training. 她在训练中遇到各种各样的困难。 gain 获得；得到；赢得,增加；增长 辨析：gain /get/win get：通用，得到（最普通） win：赢得比赛、奖项，宾语一般是 game /prize gain：侧重经过努力逐步获得（经验、优势、信心、速度） gain experience 获得经验 gain confidence 获得信心 gain an advantage 取得优势 gain speed / weight 提速；增加体重 【典例分析】 1.If you keep practising, you will ______ confidence little by little. A. grasp                      B. win             C. gain                    D. take 要点11 【原句呈现】Tom set off with a spring in his step to report back to his aunt about his excellent painting skills. 汤姆脚步轻快地出发，去向姨妈汇报他出色的刷漆本领。 spring 过去式：sprang；过去分词：sprung 一、spring 词性 1：名词 n. 含义 1：春天；春季,泉；泉水 搭配：in spring 在春天；in the spring of 2026 含义 2：弹簧；弹性；活力 👉 a spring in one’s step 步履轻快；脚步带着活力；精神抖擞 After winning the race, Yu Zidi walked with a spring in her step. 赢得比赛之后，余依笛走起路来脚步轻快，神采飞扬。 spring v. 跳跃；突然出现；弹起 spring up 突然出现；涌现 New swimming clubs have sprung up across the country. 全国各地涌现出许多新的游泳俱乐部。 spring from 源于；来自 Her courage springs from hard training. 她的勇气来自刻苦训练。 spring to one’s feet 一跃而起 He sprang to his feet when he heard the result. 听到结果，他一跃而起。 【典例分析】 1.Trees turn green and flowers come out in ______. A. spring                     B. summer               C. autumn               D. winter 2. There is a hot spring at the foot of the mountain. What does the underlined word “spring” mean in the sentence? A. 春天              B. 泉水             C. 弹簧             D. 活力 3.赢得比赛后，她步履轻快，神采飞扬。 After winning the match, she walked ______ ______ ______ ______ ______. 4.The young man is full of ______ and always takes part in all kinds of sports. A. spring                  B. secret               C. shame                  D. stress 要点12 【原句呈现】 Mark Twain (1835–1910) was a journalist and public speaker, but he is best known as a writer 马克・吐温（1835–1910）是一名记者兼演说家，但他最为人熟知的身份是作家。 be best known as 作为…… 而闻名；以…… 身份著称。后面接身份、职业 易混辨析（中考高频考点） be best known as + 身份 作为…… 出名 be best known for + 原因 / 作品 因…… 而出名 be best known to + 人群 为…… 所熟知 Lu Xun was best known as a thinker. 鲁迅作为思想家而闻名。 She is best known as a singer. 她作为歌手很有名。 【典例分析】 1. Bondi beach is known ________________ an interesting place _______________ holidays. A. in ; for B. as ; for C. for ; to D. to ; as 2. Yao Ming is known ________________ a player ________________ basketball fans. A. for ; as B. as ; for C. as ; to D. as ; in 3.Lady Gaga is known ________a singer and she is known __________her beautiful voice. A. for; as B.as; for C. for; for D.as; as 要点13 【原句呈现】He dreamt of making a fortune, but he was not very successful. 他曾梦想发大财，却不算成功。 make a fortune 发财 Many people made a fortune in business. 很多人做生意发了财。 fortune 名词 n① 财富；② 运气，命运 spend a fortune 花一大笔钱 good fortune 好运 bad fortune 厄运 派生词（中考常考） fortunate adj. 幸运的 be fortunate to do sth 有幸做某 unfortunate adj. 不幸的 fortunately adv. 幸运地（作文加分词） unfortunately adv. 不幸地 【典例分析】 1. He made a ______ by selling handmade things online when he was young. A. form                    B. fortune              C. force                    D. forest 2. Don’t depend on ______. Hard work is the key to success. A. fortune                 B. prize                C. price                  D. pride 要点14 【原句呈现】 To pay it back, he decided to tour the world and give lectures. 取得成功还债务，他决定环游世界进行巡回演讲。 为了偿pay v. 支付；付款；偿还 pay (sb) money 付给某人钱 pay money for sth 为某物付钱 pay for sth 为…… 付款；赔偿（重点！） 注意：pay/spend /cost/take 四词花费辨析 pay … back 短语：偿还；还钱；报复 I will pay the money back soon. = I will pay it back soon. 我很快就还钱。 I will pay him back for his trick.我要报复他对我的捉弄。 pay构成的短语 pay attention to 注意 pay off 还清（全部债务）； 【典例分析】 1. You need to ______ twenty yuan for this notebook. A. spend                       B. pay                 C. cost                   D. take 2. He borrowed some money from me and promised to ______ it ______ next month. A. pay; back               B. pay; off              C. pay; for               D. pay; attention 3.你必须为你打碎的杯子赔偿。 You have to ______ ______ the broken cup. 4.我们应当注意书写。 We should ______ ______ ______ our handwriting. 5.I paid 50 yuan for the dictionary.（改为同义句） I ______ 50 yuan ______ the dictionary. 要点15 【原句呈现】 Mark Twain was more than just a humorous writer 马克・吐温不只是一位幽默作家。 ① more than + 数字：超过，多于（= over） ② more than + 名词 / 形容词：不仅仅；不只是 1.She is more than a teacher. She is also our friend. 她不仅仅是一名老师，她也是我们的朋友。 2.The story is more than interesting. 这个故事何止有趣。 拓展相关短语（中考必背辨析） no more than 仅仅，只不过（强调数量少） He has no more than 10 yuan. 他只有 10 块钱。 2.more ... than ... 与其说…… 不如说…… He is more lazy than stupid. 与其说他笨，不如说他懒。 【典例分析】 1. She is ______ a classmate. She is my sister. A. more than           B. no more than             C. more…than…          D. more than enough 2.他不仅仅是一名医生。 He is ______ ______ a doctor. 3.与其说这个男孩害怕，不如说他惊讶。 The boy is ______ surprised ______ afraid. 4.There are more than 300 books in our library.（改为同义句） There are ______ 300 books in our library. 要点16 【原句呈现】 Twain died in 1910, but he is still regarded as one of the greatest American novelists. 吐温于 1910 年离世，但至今仍被视作最伟大的美国小说家之一。 regard A as B 把 A 看作 B regard … as … = consider … as 被动形式：be regarded as 被看作；被认为是 We regard him as our hero. 我们把他看作我们的英雄。 This book is regarded as a great work. 这本书被视为一部伟大的作品。 regard n. 关心；尊重； Please give my regards to your family. 请代我向你的家人问好。 （固定：give regards to sb） 【典例分析】 1.We ______ him as our best friend. A. regard                B. realize             C. remind              D. refuse 2.They regard the old house ______ a treasure of the town. A. for                  B. to                  C. as                    D. with 3.这部电影被视为本年度最好的影片。 The movie ______ ______ ______ the best film of this year. 4.请代我向你的老师们问好。 Please ______ ______ ______ your teachers. 5.We regard Yuan Longping as a great scientist.（改为同义句） =Yuan Longping ______ ______ ______ a great scientist. =Yuan Longping ______ ______ ______ a great scientist. =Yuan Longping ______ ______ ______ a great scientist. 知识要点二、语法 一、定义：在主从复合句中充当定语成分的句子 I have trouble understanding people who / that talk fast. 我很难听懂讲话很快的人。 This is the car (which/that) I bought last month. 这是我上个月买的车。 上面两句中的people和the car是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。 当一个完整的句子用来修饰名词或代词时，它就是“定语从句” The boy who you talked to is Tom 关系代词 先行词 定语从句的“粘合剂” 指代先行词（指代the boy） 充当句子成分（在定语从句中做宾语） 二、定语从句的引导词 引导定语从句的关系代词有who, that和which等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。详见下表： 三、关系代词只用that不用which的情况 ----当先行词既有人又有物时 -----当先行词为不定代词时 -----当先行词被the last，the very, the only修饰时 -----当先行词被all, every, no, few, little, much, both等修饰时 -----当先行词被序数词/最高级修饰时 【典例分析】 一、在下列定语从句中填上which, who, whom或that的关系代词，指出那些可以省略。 1. Is this the book ____________ you borrowed from the library? 2. Do you know the man _____________ is speaking to Jack? 3. The factory _____________ we will visit next week is not far from here. 。 4. The thief _______________ the police is looking for has ever appeared near the super market. 5. The student ______________ is against the school rules should be punished. 二、用关系从句合并句子。 1.I have a good friend. He always helps me when I’m in trouble. 2.This is a book. It inspired me a lot. 3.I always respect teachers. They really care about their students. 4.She was wearing a skirt. The skirt looked very expensive. 5.He was a teacher. He always did his best to help his students. 三、用定语从句翻译句子。 1.我很难听懂讲话很快的人。 2.这是我上个月买的车。 3.我永远不会忘记帮助过我的人。 4.站在老师旁边的那个女孩是我妹妹。 5.你知道赢的英语口语比赛的那位同学吗？ 知识要点三、书面表达 【话题分析】 如何写故事（书）的评论 　读书评论的撰写可以帮助读者强化阅读理解，提高分析故事和人物的能力。本单元主要话题是马克·吐温及其作品 ，相关写作题目可延伸为“我最喜欢的一本书”“一个有趣的故事” “我最喜欢的作家”等。命题内容以文学评论为主 ，要求先介绍故事的主要内容 ，然后分析人物特点 ，最后表达自己的看法。写作时应注意故事介绍要简洁 ，重点突出人物的性格特点和故事的寓意。 内容一般从以下几方面着手： • What is the name of the story? Who wrote it? 故事的名字是什么？作者是谁？ • What is the story mainly about? 故事主要讲了什么？ • What do you think of the main character? Why? 你觉得主角怎么样？ 为什么？ • What do you learn from the story? 你从这个故事中学到了什么？ 写作步骤 ◆ 步骤一 ：开头点明要评论的故事 ，介绍其作者和出处。 ◆ 步骤二 ：正文简要介绍故事的主要内容 ，分析主角的性格特点。 ◆ 步骤三 ：结尾表达你对故事的评价和从中得到的启示。 写作框架 写作部分 核心内容 推荐时态 连接词/过渡语 开头 （总起） 点明故事名称 、作者和出处 一般现在时 “Tom Sawyer paints the fence” is a short story from...written by… It is one of the most famous stories by... 中间 （分述） 1. 故事的主要内容 2. 主角的性格特点分析 一般过去时/一般现在时 The story tells us about… Tom Sawyer is a boy who… He is very... because... 结尾 （总结） 对故事的评价和从中得到的启示 一般现在时 In my opinion. The story teaches us that… I think it is a... story because... 【通用表达】 一、开头介绍句式： 1.我想介绍这本名著……，作者是…… 2.你读过故事……吗？它的作者是…… 二、故事内容句式： 1.这个故事主要讲述了…… 2.故事讲述主角……，他拥有许多刺激的经历。 三、人物分析句式： 1.汤姆·索亚是一个聪明但淘气的男孩 ，他有很多好主意。 2.他非常善于跳出思维定式。 3.我认为主角很……（勇敢 / 聪明 / 诚实），因为…… 四、结尾感悟句式： 1.在我看来 ，这是一个非常滑稽有趣的故事。 2.这个故事告诉我们 ，有时我们可以用聪明的方法解决问题。 3.从这个故事，我学到日常生活中我们应当勇敢、诚实。 【背诵范文】 “ Tom Sawyer paints the fence” by Mark Twain “Tom Sawyer paints the fence” is a short story from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer written by Mark Twain. The story has two main characters: Tom Sawyer and Ben Rogers. Aunt Polly and some boys from the town also play a small part in the story. Aunt Polly wants Tom to paint their fence. However, Tom would prefer to play games. He pretends that painting the fence is not hard work, but fun. He tricks Ben Rogers and the other boys in the town into painting the fence for him. Tom is quite clever. Although he tricked his friends to help him get the work done, everyone is happy at the end of the story. 【实战演练一】 书籍是人类的朋友,它们带我们走进不同的世界，感受不同的情感。相信在中学阶段， 你一定翻阅过无数丰富多彩、引人入胜的书吧？请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇不少于100词的短文，介绍你最喜欢的一本书。 提示： 1.这本书的名字是什么？ 2.这本书讲了什么故事？ 3.你最欢书中的哪个角色？ 4.这本书对你有什么启发？ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $ Unit 7 Reading Mark Twain 单元小结 知识目录 学习目标：了解马克・吐温的基本信息，熟悉《汤姆・索亚历险记》的故事背景。能学 会阅读同等难度的一些名著，学会分析人物形象，欣赏其写作风格。 语法目标：定语从句。识别关系从句，理解其功能是对人或事物进行补充说明。 听说目标：能听懂故事内容，准确梳理图片顺序，把握故事的起因、经过和结果； 理解描述故事人物的方法。 写作目标：了解故事评论的基本结构与内容要点。借助思维导图完成故事评论的构思。 写出包含故事介绍、情节、人物与评价的完整评论。 目录 知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式 要点1 重点单词 背诵 要点2 重点短语 背诵 要点3 重点句式 背诵 【精讲精练】 要点1 as if的用法 练习 要点2 survey的用法 练习 要点3 imagine的用法 练习 要点4 pick up的用法 练习 要点5 pay attention的用法 练习 要点6 carry on with的用法 练习 要点7absorbed的用法 练习 要点8 be particular about sth的用法 练习 要点9 concern的用法 练习 要点10 all sorts of的用法 练习 要点11 spring的用法 练习 要点12 be known as的用法 练习 要点13 fortune的用法 练习 要点14 pay的用法 练习 要点15. more than的用法 练习 要点16.regard的用法 练习 知识要点二、语法 要点1 定语从句 16 知识要点三、书面表达 要点1 话题分析 18 要点2 单元写作通用表达 19 要点3经典范文 20 要点4实战演练 21 知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。 【重点单词】背诵版 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 nouns 1.humour 幽默；幽默感 【变形】humorous adj.有幽默感的 2.*fence 栅栏；篱笆 3.yard 码 4.pity 遗憾；可惜 5.gentleman有教养的人 6.concern 担心；忧虑 【变形】concerned 担心的，有关的 1.as far as I’m concerned 在我看来；就我而言 2. be concerned about /for… 担心…… 7.sort 种类；类别 【固配】all sorts of 各种各样的 8.spring活力；朝气 【固配】a spring in one’s step 步履轻快 9.*bet 打赌 10.journalist 新闻记者 11.pilot 领航员；引水员 12.failure 失败 【变形】fail v. 失败 verbs 13.*associate 联系 14.*sink 下沉；下陷 15.survey 查看；审视 16.regard把……视为；看待 【固配】be regarded as被看作,被认为是 adjective 17.brief 简洁的；简单的 adverbs 18.aloud 大声地 19.afterwards后来 【重点短语】背诵版 1.first-person point ofview 第一人称视角 2. pick up 捡起；重新开始干某事 3. carry on with sth. 继续做某事；坚持 4.go on继续下去；持续 5.be particular about 讲究；挑剔 6. be absorbed in全神贯注于 7.get tired变得疲倦 8.all sorts of各种各样的 9.with a spring in one's step 迈着轻快的步伐 10.report back to 向……汇报 11.public speaker发言人；演讲者 12.make a fortune 发财；赚大钱 13. pay...back ( 向某人)还钱 14. pay attention to注意 15. come along出现 16.of all time. 有史以来 17.be regarded as被认为是 18. more than超过；不仅仅 【重点句式】背诵版 1. Such beauty was enough to fill any heart with joy. 这样的美景足以让人心生喜悦。 2. But Tom Sawyer felt as if the weight of the world was on his shoulders. 但汤姆 · 索 亚却觉得仿佛全世界的重量都压在了他肩上。 3. He imagined his friends having fun and the thought of this burnt him like fire. 他想象着朋友们尽情玩耍的样子，这个念头像烈火一样灼烧着他。 4. Tom paid him no attention and carried on with the task at hand. 汤姆没有理会他，继续着手头的任务。 5.He pretended that painting the fence was not hard work, but fun. 他假装刷篱笆 不是辛苦的工作，而是有趣的事。 6. He went on painting, fully absorbed in his work. 他继续刷漆，完全沉浸在自己的活儿里。 7. Tom passed Ben the brush with a pretend look of concern on his face. 汤姆脸上装出一副关切的神情，把刷子递给本。 8. By the afternoon Tom had gained all sorts of toys, and the fence had gained three coats of paint. 到下午的时候，汤姆收获了各种各样的玩具，栅栏也刷上了三层油漆。 9. Tom set off with a spring in his step to report back to his aunt about his excellent painting skills. 汤姆脚步轻快地出发，去向姨妈汇报他出色的刷漆本领。 10. To pay it back, he decided to tour the world and give lectures. 为了偿还债务，他决定环游世界进行巡回演讲。 【精讲精练】 要点1 as if 【原句呈现】 Such beauty was enough to fill any heart with joy. But Tom Sawyer felt as if the weight of the world was on his shoulders. 这般美景足以让任何人满心欢喜。可汤姆・索亚却感觉仿佛整个世界的重担都压在了他的肩上。 这as if = as though，引导方式状语从句 从句常使用虚拟语气（表示与事实不符，只是想象）；也可用陈述语气（描述看起来真实的情况） 1.She looks as if she is ill. 她看起来好像生病了。 （陈述语气，看上去很可能是真的） 2.He acts as if he were the boss. 他表现得好像他就是老板。 （虚拟，他并不是老板） 3.The girl talks as if she knew the secret. 女孩说话的样子仿佛她知道这个秘密。 【典例分析】 1. The girl talks ______ she knew everything in the world. A. as if                 B. even if                C. so that              D. now that 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这个女孩说起话来好像她知晓世间所有事情。本题考查连词词组辨析。A. as if 好像，似乎，引导方式状语从句；B. even if 即使，引导让步状语从句；C. so that 以便，结果，引导目的 / 结果状语从句；D. now that 既然，引导原因状语从句。句子表达 “说话的方式仿佛……”，是方式状语，要用 as if，故选 A。 2. He acts ______ nothing had happened to him. A. as soon as              B. as if                 C. as long as            D. as far as 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他表现得仿佛什么事都没有发生在他身上。本题考查 as 相关连词短语辨析。A. as soon as 一…… 就……，引导时间状语从句；B. as if 好像，引导方式状语从句，从句常用虚拟语气（本句 had happened 是虚拟，表示与事实不符，事情其实已经发生）；C. as long as 只要；和…… 一样长，引导条件状语从句；D. as far as 就…… 而言。句中描述行为表现的样子，是方式含义，选 as if，故选 B。 要点2 survey 【原句呈现】 Tom painted one board and surveyed his progress. 汤姆刷完一块木板，审视着自己的进度。 动词 v. /səˈveɪ/ 审视；查看；调查 survey sth 审视 / 查看某物 survey one’s progress 审视某人的进展 survey sb about sth 就某事调查某人 名词 n. /ˈsɜːveɪ/ 调查；民意调 1.do/make a survey 做一项调查 Our class will do a survey on reading habits. 我们班将做一个关于阅读习惯的调查。 2.a survey about/of … 一项关于……的调查 3.according to the survey 根据调查 区别: examine 仔细查看；research 调查研究 【典例分析】 1. Our teacher will make a ______ about students’ reading habits next week. A. survey                       B. secret                 C. speech                 D. spirit 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们老师下周将做一项关于学生阅读习惯的调查。本题考查名词词义辨析。A. survey 名词，调查；B. secret 秘密；C. speech 演讲；D. spirit 精神。make a survey 是固定搭配，意为 “做一项调查”，符合 “研究学生阅读习惯” 的语境，故选 A。 2. They plan to ______ local people to find out their opinions on the new park. A. survey                  B. solve                  C. support                    D. suppose 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他们打算调查当地人，了解他们对这个新公园的看法。本题考查动词词义辨析。A. survey 动词，调查；B. solve 解决；C. support 支持；D. suppose 假设。本句需要谓语动词，survey sb. 表示 “调查某人”，契合收集民众观点的语境，故选 A。 要点3 imagine 【原句呈现】He imagined his friends having fun and the thought of this burnt him like fire. 他想象着朋友们尽情玩耍的样子，这个念头像烈火一样灼烧着他。 imagine动词 v. 想象；设想 imagine + 名词 / 代词 想象某物 imagine doing sth 想象做某事 imagine + (that) 宾语从句 Imagine (that) you are on the beach. 设想你正在海滩上。 imagine sb doing sth 想象某人正在做某事 I can imagine him playing basketball happily. 我可以想象他开心地打篮球。 拓展名词 imagination n. 想象力 【典例分析】 1.Can you imagine ______ on the moon one day? A. live                     B. to live             C. living                 D. lived 【答案】C 【解析】句意：你能想象有一天在月球上生活吗？本题考查动词 imagine 的固定用法。imagine 是及物动词，后面不能接 to do 不定式，固定搭配为 imagine doing sth.，意为 “想象做某事”。A 是动词原形，B 是不定式，D 是过去式 / 过去分词，都不符合 imagine 的用法，故选 C。 2.你能想象他独自完成这项任务吗？ Can you ______ ______ __________the task alone? 【答案】Imagine him finishing 要点4 pick up 【原句呈现】He picked up his brush and went back to work. 他拿起刷子，继续干活。 pick up这个短语有多种用法，以下是其中一些主要的用法： 1.捡起：最常见的用法之一，表示将某物从地上或其他地方拿起。例如， He picked up his book from the floor. 他从地板上捡起了他的书。 2.获得,拿到：表示通过某种方式获得某物或某种状态。例如， He picked up some useful ideas for his project. 他为他的项目获得了一些有用的想法 3.接电话：表示接听电话。例如， I‘ll pick up the phone when it rings.电话响时我会接听。 4.搭便车：表示搭乘别人的车。例如， Can you pick me up on your way home? 你回家的时候能载我一程吗？ 【典例分析】 1. I called Jane yesterday, but she didn’t ________ the phone. A. pick out B. pick up C. put off D. put up 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我昨天给简打电话了，但是她没接。 考查动词短语。pick out挑出；pick up拿起；put off推迟；put up张贴。根据“called”可知，空处表示接电话，用动词短语pick up。故选B。 2. —You’d better not drop litter everywhere! —I’m so sorry. I will _________. A. pick it up B. get it off C. wake it up D. put it out 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你最好不要到处乱扔垃圾！——我很抱歉。我会把它捡起来。 考查动词短语。pick up捡起；get off下车；wake up醒来；put out扑灭。根据“You’d better not drop litter everywhere!”可知，此处指的是“捡起垃圾”，故选A。 要点5 pay attention 【原句呈现】 Tom paid him no attention and carried on with the task at hand. 汤姆没有理会他，继续着手头的任务。 pay attention注意；留心 pay attention to sth / doing sth pay no attention to sb/sth 不理会；不注意（课文短语） 课文：pay him no attention = pay no attention to him pay little/much attention to 很少 / 十分注意 You should pay attention to your spelling. 你应该注意你的拼写。 Pay attention to crossing the road. 过马路要当心。 He paid no attention to my words. 他不理会我说的话。 to 是介词！后面接名词或者 doing，不能接动词原形 【典例分析】 1. 在课堂上，你应该注意听老师讲课。 You should ______ ______ ______ ______ to the teacher in class. 【答案】pay attention to listening 要点6 carry on with 【原句呈现】 Tom paid him no attention and carried on with the task at hand. 汤姆没有理会他，继续着手头的任务。 carry on 继续进行；坚持下去 Though he was tired, he carried on. 虽然很累，但他继续坚持。 carry on with sth（及物，with + 名词 / 代词）继续某事（课文短语） Let’s carry on with our discussion. 让我们继续我们的讨论。 carry on doing sth 继续做某事（中考也常考） = carry on with sth 例句：He carried on reading. 他继续看书。 carry out 执行；实施；完成（计划、命令） We will carry out the plan. 我们将执行这个计划。 【典例分析】 1. We will ______ our plan to plant more trees in the park next month. A. carry on               B. carry out             C. carry away           D. carry off 【答案】B 【解析】句意：下个月我们将实施我们的计划，在公园里种植更多树木。本题考查 carry 相关短语辨析。A. carry on 继续；坚持；B. carry out 执行，实施（计划、命令等）；C. carry away 带走；使着迷；D. carry off 赢得；夺走。句中宾语是 our plan（计划），能够和 plan 搭配，表示 “实施计划” 的短语是 carry out，故选 B。 2. Although we met many difficulties, we decided to ______ with our research. A. carry out             B. carry on               C. carry up               D. carry over 【答案】B 【解析】句意：虽然我们遇到了很多困难，但我们决定继续我们的研究。本题考查 carry 相关短语辨析。A. carry out 执行，实施；B. carry on 继续，坚持，常用搭配 carry on with sth. 继续某事；C. carry up 搬上去；D. carry over 遗留；延续。本句后面有介词 with，carry on with sth 为固定搭配，表示继续做某事，符合遇到困难仍坚持研究的语境，故选 B。 要点7 absorbed 【原句呈现】 He went on painting, fully absorbed in his work. 他继续刷漆，完全沉浸在自己的活儿里。 absorb 吸收 Wet soil can absorb much rainwater. 湿润的土壤可以吸收大量雨水。 absorbed（人）感到专注的（修饰人 absorbing（事物）引人入胜的（修饰物）专心于；全神贯注于 be absorbed in = be lost in /concentrate on） She was absorbed in her homework when I came in. 我进来的时候，她正专心写作业。 This is an absorbing story about a young swimmer. 这是一个关于年轻游泳选手的引人入胜的故事。 同义替换：be absorbed in = concentrate on = put one’s heart into 【典例分析】 1.When she was reading, she was ______ in the story and didn’t hear my call. A. absorbed              B. accepted               C. amazed                   D. admired 【答案】A 【解析】句意：当她在看书的时候，她全神贯注于故事之中，没有听见我的呼喊。本题考查 absorb 相关固定短语辨析。be absorbed in 是固定搭配，意为 “全神贯注于……”。A. absorbed 吸收；使全神贯注；B. accepted 接受；C. amazed 使惊讶；D. admired 钦佩，仰慕。根据 “没听见我的呼喊” 这个语境，说明她专心投入故事，be absorbed in 符合句意，故选 A。 2.这个男孩全神贯注地玩游戏，没有注意到妈妈进来。 The boy ______ ______ ______ playing games and didn’t notice his mother come in. 【答案】was absorbed in 3. he boy was absorbed in playing games and didn’t notice his mother come in.（改为同义句） The boy ______ ______ ______ playing games and didn’t notice his mother come in. 【答案】lost himself in 要点8 be particular about sth 【原句呈现】 Aunt Polly is very particular about her fence. 波莉姨妈对她的栅栏十分挑剔。 particular adj. 特定的；某一个的,特别的；特殊的 I don’t like this particular swimming suit. 我不喜欢这一件泳衣。 There is no particular reason for her success. 她的成功并没有什么特别的原因。 be particular about sth 对…… 挑剔； 主语一般是人。不能接 doing My little sister is particular about food. 我的妹妹对食物很挑剔。 副词：particularly 尤其；特别（高频考点） = especially 尤其，特别 He is particularly good at freestyle. 他特别擅长自由泳。 【典例分析】 1.My grandma has a ______ chair in the living room—she only sits there to read newspapers every afternoon. A. common B. particular C. strange D. new 【答案】B 【解析】句意：奶奶在客厅里有一把特定的椅子 —— 她每天下午只坐在那里看报纸。考查形容词辨析。common 普通的；particular 特定的；strange 奇怪的；new 新的。根据 “only sits there” 可知，这是奶奶 “特定的” 椅子，符合 “专指某一个” 的语境，故选 B。 2.My little sister is quite p______ about her food—she never eats vegetables with green leaves. 【答案】particular 3.汤姆对穿的衣服很挑剔，只喜欢穿纯棉材质的。（完成句子） Tom ______ ______ ______ the clothes he wears—he only likes to wear cotton ones. 【答案】is particular about 4.This museum has a ______ section for ancient coins, where you can see rare collections from different dynasties. A. special B. common C. particular D. specific 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这家博物馆有一个专门陈列古钱币的区域，在那里你能看到来自不同朝代的稀有藏品。考查形容词辨析。special 特别的（强调与众不同）；common 普通的；particular 特定的（侧重专指某一部分）；specific 具体的（强调明确细节）。此处指博物馆中 “专门用于陈列古钱币” 的特定区域，侧重 “专指的一部分”，故选 C。 要点9 concern 【原句呈现】Tom passed Ben the brush with a pretend look of concern on his face. 汤姆脸上装出一副关切的神情，把刷子递给本。 concern 动词 1.v. 使担忧 What concerns me is his study. 让我担心的是他的学习。 2. 涉及；与… 有关 This story concerns a little boy. 这个故事讲的是一个小男孩。 名词 n. 1.担心；忧虑 There is concern about his safety. 大家担心他的安全。 2.关心的事 It’s no concern of mine. 这事与我无关。 concerned 形容词 adj. 1.担心的 be concerned about /for… 担心…… I’m concerned about my exam. 我担心我的考试。 2.有关的 the people concerned 相关人员 必背短语 1.as far as I’m concerned 在我看来；就我而言 2.be concerned with 与…… 有关；关于 3. be concerned about /for… 担心…… 典例分析】 1．Parents ________ their children’s safety. All of the followings have the same meaning EXCEPT ________. A．fear for B．are concerned with C．are concerned about D．worry about 【答案】B 【详解】句意：父母担心孩子的安全。以下所有选项具有相同含义除了“B涉及”。 考查短语辨析。fear for担心；are concerned with涉及；are concerned about担心，关心；worry about担心。根据“…their children’s safety.”可知，父母担心孩子的安全，ACD均符合，B项意思不同。故选B。 2．Many big events happened this year. The missing of flight made us especially __________. A．concerned B．special C．proper D．excited 【答案】A 【解析】句意：今年发生了许多大事。航班的失踪使我们特别担心。 考查形容词辨析。concerned担心的；special特殊的；proper适当的；excited激动的。根据“The missing of flight”可知，这使我们特别担心。故选A。 要点10 【原句呈现】By the afternoon Tom had gained all sorts of toys, and the fence had gained three coats of paint. 到下午的时候，汤姆收获了各种各样的玩具，栅栏也刷上了三层油漆。 all sorts of=all kinds of=various=a variety of 各种各样的；形形色色的 She meets all sorts of difficulties during training. 她在训练中遇到各种各样的困难。 gain 获得；得到；赢得,增加；增长 辨析：gain /get/win get：通用，得到（最普通） win：赢得比赛、奖项，宾语一般是 game /prize gain：侧重经过努力逐步获得（经验、优势、信心、速度） gain experience 获得经验 gain confidence 获得信心 gain an advantage 取得优势 gain speed / weight 提速；增加体重 【典例分析】 1.If you keep practising, you will ______ confidence little by little. A. grasp                      B. win             C. gain                    D. take 【答案】C 【解析】句意：如果你坚持练习，你会渐渐地获得自信。本题考查动词词义辨析。A. grasp 抓住；理解；B. win 赢得比赛；C. gain 获得（信心、力量等抽象品质）；D. take 拿走。confidence（信心）属于抽象事物，gain confidence 表示收获信心，契合句子语境，故选 C。 要点11 【原句呈现】Tom set off with a spring in his step to report back to his aunt about his excellent painting skills. 汤姆脚步轻快地出发，去向姨妈汇报他出色的刷漆本领。 spring 过去式：sprang；过去分词：sprung 一、spring 词性 1：名词 n. 含义 1：春天；春季,泉；泉水 搭配：in spring 在春天；in the spring of 2026 含义 2：弹簧；弹性；活力 👉 a spring in one’s step 步履轻快；脚步带着活力；精神抖擞 After winning the race, Yu Zidi walked with a spring in her step. 赢得比赛之后，余依笛走起路来脚步轻快，神采飞扬。 spring v. 跳跃；突然出现；弹起 spring up 突然出现；涌现 New swimming clubs have sprung up across the country. 全国各地涌现出许多新的游泳俱乐部。 spring from 源于；来自 Her courage springs from hard training. 她的勇气来自刻苦训练。 spring to one’s feet 一跃而起 He sprang to his feet when he heard the result. 听到结果，他一跃而起。 【典例分析】 1.Trees turn green and flowers come out in ______. A. spring                     B. summer               C. autumn               D. winter 【答案】A 【解析】句意：树木变绿，花儿在春天开放。本题考查名词 spring 词义辨析。A. spring n. 春天；B. summer 夏天；C. autumn 秋天；D. winter 冬天。根据树木变绿、花开的自然现象，可知季节是春天，in spring 为固定搭配，意为 “在春天”，故选 A。 2. There is a hot spring at the foot of the mountain. What does the underlined word “spring” mean in the sentence? A. 春天              B. 泉水             C. 弹簧             D. 活力 【答案】B 【解析】句意：山脚下有一处温泉。本题考查名词 spring 词义猜测。hot spring 是固定名词短语，意思是温泉。因此 spring 在此处含义为泉水，故选 B。 3.赢得比赛后，她步履轻快，神采飞扬。 After winning the match, she walked ______ ______ ______ ______ ______. 【答案】with a spring in her step 4.The young man is full of ______ and always takes part in all kinds of sports. A. spring                  B. secret               C. shame                  D. stress 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这个年轻人充满活力，总是参加各种各样的运动。本题考查名词词义辨析。A. spring n. 活力；B. secret 秘密；C. shame 羞愧；D. stress 压力。根据后文经常参加各类运动，说明他精力充沛，spring 此处含义为活力，符合语境，故选 A。 要点12 【原句呈现】 Mark Twain (1835–1910) was a journalist and public speaker, but he is best known as a writer 马克・吐温（1835–1910）是一名记者兼演说家，但他最为人熟知的身份是作家。 be best known as 作为…… 而闻名；以…… 身份著称。后面接身份、职业 易混辨析（中考高频考点） be best known as + 身份 作为…… 出名 be best known for + 原因 / 作品 因…… 而出名 be best known to + 人群 为…… 所熟知 Lu Xun was best known as a thinker. 鲁迅作为思想家而闻名。 She is best known as a singer. 她作为歌手很有名。 【典例分析】 1. Bondi beach is known ________________ an interesting place _______________ holidays. A. in ; for B. as ; for C. for ; to D. to ; as 【答案】B 【解析】句意：邦迪海滩是因为适合度假而作为一处有趣的地方而著名的。考查be known与介词的短语搭配。根据句意可知是：因……而著名与作为……而著名。故选B。 2. Yao Ming is known ________________ a player ________________ basketball fans. A. for ; as B. as ; for C. as ; to D. as ; in 【答案】C 【解析】句意：姚明对于篮球迷来书是作为一名球员而著名的。考查be famous与介词的短语搭配。根据句意可知是：作为……而著名与对某人来说是著名的。故选C。 3.Lady Gaga is known ________a singer and she is known __________her beautiful voice. A. for; as B.as; for C. for; for D.as; as 【答案】B 【解析】be famous for 以。。。（特点）而闻名。Be famous as 以。。。（身份，职业）而闻名。故答案选B 要点13 【原句呈现】He dreamt of making a fortune, but he was not very successful. 他曾梦想发大财，却不算成功。 make a fortune 发财 Many people made a fortune in business. 很多人做生意发了财。 fortune 名词 n① 财富；② 运气，命运 spend a fortune 花一大笔钱 good fortune 好运 bad fortune 厄运 派生词（中考常考） fortunate adj. 幸运的 be fortunate to do sth 有幸做某 unfortunate adj. 不幸的 fortunately adv. 幸运地（作文加分词） unfortunately adv. 不幸地 【典例分析】 1. He made a ______ by selling handmade things online when he was young. A. form                    B. fortune              C. force                    D. forest 【答案】B 【解析】句意：年轻时，他通过在网上售卖手工制品赚了一大笔钱。本题考查名词词义辨析。A. form 形式；B. fortune 大笔财富，make a fortune 为固定短语，赚大钱；C. force 力量；D. forest 森林。根据 “售卖手工品” 这一语境，表达赚钱，make a fortune 符合，故选 B。 2. Don’t depend on ______. Hard work is the key to success. A. fortune                 B. prize                C. price                  D. pride 【答案】A 【解析】句意：不要依靠运气。努力才是成功的关键。本题考查名词词义辨析。A. fortune 运气；B. prize 奖品；C. price 价格；D. pride 骄傲。后一句强调努力的重要性，说明不要寄希望于运气，fortune 表示运气，符合语境，故选 A。 要点14 【原句呈现】 To pay it back, he decided to tour the world and give lectures. 取得成功还债务，他决定环游世界进行巡回演讲。 为了偿pay v. 支付；付款；偿还 pay (sb) money 付给某人钱 pay money for sth 为某物付钱 pay for sth 为…… 付款；赔偿（重点！） 注意：pay/spend /cost/take 四词花费辨析 pay … back 短语：偿还；还钱；报复 I will pay the money back soon. = I will pay it back soon. 我很快就还钱。 I will pay him back for his trick.我要报复他对我的捉弄。 pay构成的短语 pay attention to 注意 pay off 还清（全部债务）； 【典例分析】 1. You need to ______ twenty yuan for this notebook. A. spend                       B. pay                 C. cost                   D. take 【答案】B 【解析】句意：你需要花 20 元买这个笔记本。本题考查 “花费” 动词辨析。A. spend 主语是人，搭配 spend time/money on sth/(in) doing sth；B. pay 主语是人，搭配 pay money for sth，为某物付钱；C. cost 主语是物；D. take 常用句型 It takes sb. some time to do sth。本句后面有 for，符合 pay money for sth 结构，故选 B。 2. He borrowed some money from me and promised to ______ it ______ next month. A. pay; back               B. pay; off              C. pay; for               D. pay; attention 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他向我借了一些钱，承诺下个月归还。本题考查 pay 短语辨析。A. pay…back 偿还，还钱；B. pay…off 还清全部债务；C. pay for 为…… 付款；D. pay attention 后面要搭配 to，意为注意。本句表达归还借来的钱，pay … back 符合语境，故选 A。 3.你必须为你打碎的杯子赔偿。 You have to ______ ______ the broken cup. 【答案】pay for 4.我们应当注意书写。 We should ______ ______ ______ our handwriting. 【答案】pay attention to 5.I paid 50 yuan for the dictionary.（改为同义句） I ______ 50 yuan ______ the dictionary. 【答案】spent; on 要点15 【原句呈现】 Mark Twain was more than just a humorous writer 马克・吐温不只是一位幽默作家。 ① more than + 数字：超过，多于（= over） ② more than + 名词 / 形容词：不仅仅；不只是 1.She is more than a teacher. She is also our friend. 她不仅仅是一名老师，她也是我们的朋友。 2.The story is more than interesting. 这个故事何止有趣。 拓展相关短语（中考必背辨析） no more than 仅仅，只不过（强调数量少） He has no more than 10 yuan. 他只有 10 块钱。 2.more ... than ... 与其说…… 不如说…… He is more lazy than stupid. 与其说他笨，不如说他懒。 【典例分析】 1. She is ______ a classmate. She is my sister. A. more than           B. no more than             C. more…than…          D. more than enough 【答案】A 【解析】句意：她不仅仅是一位同学，她还是我的姐姐。本题考查 more than 用法。more than + 名词，意为 “不仅仅；不只是”。B. no more than 仅仅；C 结构需要分开使用；D more than enough 绰绰有余。根据后一句 “她是我的姐姐”，说明不只是同学，故选 A。 2.他不仅仅是一名医生。 He is ______ ______ a doctor. 【答案】more than 【解析】本题考查 more than + 名词的用法，more than 意为 “不仅仅，不只是”。故填 more than。 3.与其说这个男孩害怕，不如说他惊讶。 The boy is ______ surprised ______ afraid. 【答案】more; than 4.There are more than 300 books in our library.（改为同义句） There are ______ 300 books in our library. 【答案】over 要点16 【原句呈现】 Twain died in 1910, but he is still regarded as one of the greatest American novelists. 吐温于 1910 年离世，但至今仍被视作最伟大的美国小说家之一。 regard A as B 把 A 看作 B regard … as … = consider … as 被动形式：be regarded as 被看作；被认为是 We regard him as our hero. 我们把他看作我们的英雄。 This book is regarded as a great work. 这本书被视为一部伟大的作品。 regard n. 关心；尊重； Please give my regards to your family. 请代我向你的家人问好。 （固定：give regards to sb） 【典例分析】 1.We ______ him as our best friend. A. regard                B. realize             C. remind              D. refuse 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们把他看作我们最好的朋友。本题考查动词词义辨析与固定搭配。A. regard 认为，regard A as B 把 A 看作 B；B. realize 意识到；C. remind 提醒；D. refuse 拒绝。句中有 as，符合 regard…as… 固定短语，故选 A。 2.They regard the old house ______ a treasure of the town. A. for                  B. to                  C. as                    D. with 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他们把这座老房子看作镇上的珍宝。本题考查固定搭配 regard A as B，介词必须用 as. 3.这部电影被视为本年度最好的影片。 The movie ______ ______ ______ the best film of this year. 【答案】is regarded as 4.请代我向你的老师们问好。 Please ______ ______ ______ your teachers. 【答案】give my regards to 5.We regard Yuan Longping as a great scientist.（改为同义句） =Yuan Longping ______ ______ ______ a great scientist. =Yuan Longping ______ ______ ______ a great scientist. =Yuan Longping ______ ______ ______ a great scientist. 【答案】is regarded as is seen as is considered as is treated as 知识要点二、语法 一、定义：在主从复合句中充当定语成分的句子 I have trouble understanding people who / that talk fast. 我很难听懂讲话很快的人。 This is the car (which/that) I bought last month. 这是我上个月买的车。 上面两句中的people和the car是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。 当一个完整的句子用来修饰名词或代词时，它就是“定语从句” The boy who you talked to is Tom 关系代词 先行词 定语从句的“粘合剂” 指代先行词（指代the boy） 充当句子成分（在定语从句中做宾语） 二、定语从句的引导词 引导定语从句的关系代词有who, that和which等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。详见下表： 三、关系代词只用that不用which的情况 ----当先行词既有人又有物时 -----当先行词为不定代词时 -----当先行词被the last，the very, the only修饰时 -----当先行词被all, every, no, few, little, much, both等修饰时 -----当先行词被序数词/最高级修饰时 【典例分析】 一、在下列定语从句中填上which, who, whom或that的关系代词，指出那些可以省略。 1. Is this the book ____________ you borrowed from the library? 【答案】which that/可省略 【解析】先行词指物，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语。可省略。 2. Do you know the man _____________ is speaking to Jack? 【答案】that /who 不可省略 【解析】先行词指人，关系代词在定语从句中作主语。不可省略。 3. The factory _____________ we will visit next week is not far from here. 【答案】that which/可省略 【解析】先行词指物，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语。可省略。 4. The thief _______________ the police is looking for has ever appeared near the super market. 【答案】who /whom /that/可省略 【解析】先行词指人，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语。可省略。 5. The student ______________ is against the school rules should be punished. 【答案】that /who 不可省略 【解析】先行词指人，关系代词在定语从句中作主语。不可省略。 二、用关系从句合并句子。 1.I have a good friend. He always helps me when I’m in trouble. 2.This is a book. It inspired me a lot. 3.I always respect teachers. They really care about their students. 4.She was wearing a skirt. The skirt looked very expensive. 5.He was a teacher. He always did his best to help his students. 【答案】1. I have a good friend that / who always helps me when I’m in trouble. 2. This is a book that / which inspired me a lot. 3. I always respect teachers that / who really care about their students 4. She was wearing a skirt that / which looked very expensive. 5. He was a teacher that / who always did his best to help his students 三、用定语从句翻译句子。 1.我很难听懂讲话很快的人。 【答案】I have trouble understanding people who / that talk fast. 2.这是我上个月买的车。 【答案】This is the car (which/that) I bought last month. 3.我永远不会忘记帮助过我的人。 【答案】I will never forget the people who help me. 4.站在老师旁边的那个女孩是我妹妹。 【答案】The girl who is standing next to the teachers is my sister 5.你知道赢的英语口语比赛的那位同学吗？ 【答案】 Do you know the student who won the English spoken competition? 知识要点三、书面表达 【话题分析】 如何写故事（书）的评论 　读书评论的撰写可以帮助读者强化阅读理解，提高分析故事和人物的能力。本单元主要话题是马克·吐温及其作品 ，相关写作题目可延伸为“我最喜欢的一本书”“一个有趣的故事” “我最喜欢的作家”等。命题内容以文学评论为主 ，要求先介绍故事的主要内容 ，然后分析人物特点 ，最后表达自己的看法。写作时应注意故事介绍要简洁 ，重点突出人物的性格特点和故事的寓意。 内容一般从以下几方面着手： • What is the name of the story? Who wrote it? 故事的名字是什么？作者是谁？ • What is the story mainly about? 故事主要讲了什么？ • What do you think of the main character? Why? 你觉得主角怎么样？ 为什么？ • What do you learn from the story? 你从这个故事中学到了什么？ 写作步骤 ◆ 步骤一 ：开头点明要评论的故事 ，介绍其作者和出处。 ◆ 步骤二 ：正文简要介绍故事的主要内容 ，分析主角的性格特点。 ◆ 步骤三 ：结尾表达你对故事的评价和从中得到的启示。 写作框架 写作部分 核心内容 推荐时态 连接词/过渡语 开头 （总起） 点明故事名称 、作者和出处 一般现在时 “Tom Sawyer paints the fence” is a short story from...written by… It is one of the most famous stories by... 中间 （分述） 1. 故事的主要内容 2. 主角的性格特点分析 一般过去时/一般现在时 The story tells us about… Tom Sawyer is a boy who… He is very... because... 结尾 （总结） 对故事的评价和从中得到的启示 一般现在时 In my opinion. The story teaches us that… I think it is a... story because... 【通用表达】 一、开头介绍句式： 1.我想介绍这本名著……，作者是…… I’d like to talk about the famous book …, which is written by … 2.你读过故事……吗？它的作者是…… Have you ever read the story …? Its writer is … 二、故事内容句式： 1.这个故事主要讲述了…… The story mainly tells us about … 2.故事讲述主角……，他拥有许多刺激的经历。 It talks about the main character …, who has many exciting experiences. 三、人物分析句式： 1.汤姆·索亚是一个聪明但淘气的男孩 ，他有很多好主意。 Tom Sawyer is a clever but naughty boy who has many good ideas. 2.他非常善于跳出思维定式。 He is very good at thinking outside the box. 3.我认为主角很……（勇敢 / 聪明 / 诚实），因为…… I think the main character is …（brave/clever/honest）because … 四、结尾感悟句式： 1.在我看来 ，这是一个非常滑稽有趣的故事。 In my opinion, it is a very funny and interesting story. 2.这个故事告诉我们 ，有时我们可以用聪明的方法解决问题。 The story teaches us that sometimes we can solve problems in a clever way. 3.从这个故事，我学到日常生活中我们应当勇敢、诚实。 From this story, I learn that we should be brave and honest in our daily life. 【背诵范文】 “ Tom Sawyer paints the fence” by Mark Twain “Tom Sawyer paints the fence” is a short story from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer written by Mark Twain. The story has two main characters: Tom Sawyer and Ben Rogers. Aunt Polly and some boys from the town also play a small part in the story. Aunt Polly wants Tom to paint their fence. However, Tom would prefer to play games. He pretends that painting the fence is not hard work, but fun. He tricks Ben Rogers and the other boys in the town into painting the fence for him. Tom is quite clever. Although he tricked his friends to help him get the work done, everyone is happy at the end of the story. 【实战演练一】 书籍是人类的朋友,它们带我们走进不同的世界，感受不同的情感。相信在中学阶段， 你一定翻阅过无数丰富多彩、引人入胜的书吧？请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇不少于100词的短文，介绍你最喜欢的一本书。 提示： 1.这本书的名字是什么？ 2.这本书讲了什么故事？ 3.你最欢书中的哪个角色？ 4.这本书对你有什么启发？ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文一】 My favourite book is Journey to the west. It is one of the most famous traditional Chinese stories. The author is Wu Cheng'en. The book tells the exciting adventure of four characters — Monk Xuanzang, Monkey King, Pigsty and Sha Wujing. Together they face many dangers but never give up until they finally reach Mount Lingshan and get the Buddhist scriptures. My favourite character is Monkey King, not only because he is clever, but also because he is brave. This wonderful book teaches me that success comes from a strong will. No matter how difficult life is, we should stick to our goals and keep trying. That’s why this book has become my all-time favourite. 【范文二】 A Book Review of The Old Man and the Sea I’d like to review the book The Old Man and the Sea. It is written by the American writer Ernest Hemingway. The book is known as one of his greatest works. The story tells us about an old fisherman called Santiago. He has many exciting experiences at sea. For 84 days, he caught nothing. Finally, he got a huge marlin. But on his way back, sharks ate the big fish, leaving only bones. The old man is brave and strong-minded. He never gives up when facing difficulties. He makes a deep impression on me. I am absorbed in this story. The book is well worth reading. From the story, I learn that we should keep trying when we meet trouble. We can be destroyed, but we cannot be defeated. It encourages me to face difficulties bravely. $